Unit
1
Nothing
ventured
venture
vt.&
vi.冒险；敢于去……
n.
(有风险的)商业、企业
(教材P1)Nothing
ventured,
nothing
gained.
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Don't
venture
too
near
the
edge
of
the
well；you
might
fall
in.
别冒险靠水井太近，那样你会掉进去的。
He
failed
in
his
ventures.
他投机失败了。
venture
to
do...
鼓起勇气去做
venture
into/beyond/out
of
冒险进入/走出……
venture
on
sth.
冒险做……
at
a
venture
冒险地；碰运气地
This
is
the
first
time
that
the
company
has
ventured
into
movie
production.
这是这家公司首次涉足电影制作。
It
was
wrong
to
venture
his
financial
security
on
such
a
risky
deal.他以自己稳定的财政作赌注去做风险这么大的交易是错误的。
He
chose
a
book
at
a
venture
from
the
shelves.
他从书架上随便挑了一本书。
[名师点津]
表示“冒险”也可以用与risk有关的短语：
risk
sth./doing
sth.冒险做某事
take
a
risk
冒险
be
at
risk
冒险
完成句子
①冒昧地问一句，你们之间没发生什么事吧？
I________________if
anything
sprang
up
between
you.
②他冒着生命危险为人民自由而战。
He
_____________________to
fight
for
the
people's
freedom.
③他最近冒险做起了出口业务。
He_______________________________an
export
business.
【答案】 ①venture
to
ask
②ventured
his
life
③has
recently
ventured
into
suffering
n.
苦楚；受难；痛苦；折磨；苦恼
(教材P1)He
slept
on
firewood
and
straw
to
remind
him
of
his
sufferings.
他睡在木柴和稻草上以提醒自己不忘苦难。
There
is
so
much
suffering
in
this
world.
这个世界上多灾多难。
Her
face
bore
the
deep
imprint
of
suffering.
她的脸上带着受过苦难的深深痕迹。
①sufferings
(pl)
痛苦；苦恼
②suffer
vt.&
vi.
受苦；忍受
suffer
from
sth.
遭受……
suffer
for
(it)
(因此)而吃苦头
The
city
suffered
serious
damage
from
the
earthquake.
这个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。
Obviously
you
are
suffering
from
jet
lag.
很显然你正在遭受时差反应的痛苦。
I
know
I'll
suffer
for
it
tomorrow
morning，but
give
me
another
gin.
我知道我明天早上会因此而难受，不过还是再给我来一杯杜松子酒吧。
[名师点津]
suffer作及物动词时，其宾语常为pain，loss，grief，insult，punishment，hardship，injustice，disappointment等表示精神痛苦的名词，而后接遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦时，常用作不及物动词，需借助于介词from。
完成句子
①________________(由于患心脏病)
for
years,
Mr.White
has
to
take
some
medicine
with
him
wherever
he
goes.
②Be
careful,
or________________
(我们的工作会受损失).
【答案】 ①Having
suffered
from
heart
trouble
②our
work
will
suffer
block
out
封闭；忘掉；抹去
(教材P2)As
I
think
of
this,
a
black
blanket
drops
and
covers
me,
almost
blocking
out
the
memories
of
happier
times.正想到这儿，一条黑色的毛毯掉下来把我盖住，几乎把美好时光的记忆封闭了。
Block
out
this
unimportant
detail
at
the
top
of
your
picture.
在底片上把图像上部的这个不重要的细节涂掉。
That
wall
blocks
out
all
the
light.
那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
block
in
概略画出
block
off
封锁；封闭；隔开
block
up
阻塞；阻挡；阻碍
The
main
roads
of
the
city
have
been
blocked
off.
城市的主干道路被封锁了。
The
fire
won't
burn
because
the
flue
is
blocked
up.
因烟道堵塞火烧不起来。
完成句子
①A
piece
of
rock
has
fallen
and
____________(把小路挡住了).
②Police
_____________(封锁了那条街道)after
the
explosion.
【答案】 ①blocked
up
the
path ②blocked
off
the
street
blacken
vt.
&
vi.(使)变黑；丑化；败坏……的名誉
(教材P2)I
feel
breathless
as
I
remember
my
rotten
toes
that
had
to
be
removed
when
they
became
blackened
from
frostbite.
一想到由于冻伤变黑而必须截去的腐烂的脚趾头，我就感到喘不过气来。
The
smoke
had
blackened
the
white
walls
of
the
kitchen.烟把厨房白色的墙壁熏黑了。
Don't
blacken
my
name
by
spreading
rumours.
别散布谣言败坏我的名声。
en?或?en与形容词或名词相结合，原词由形容词或名词转化为动词。这类常见的动词还有：
enrich
使丰富；使富有
enlarge
使扩大
encourage
鼓励
darken
使变黑
sharpen
使锋利
deepen
加深
widen
加宽
My
pencil
is
blunt,
could
you
lend
me
a
knife
to
sharpen
it?
我的铅笔钝了，你能借我把刀子削一削吗？
May
our
partnership
deepen
and
prosper.
预祝我们的伙伴关系不断加深和发展。
单句语法填空
①Mr.Trent
hopes
the
city
won't
go
through
with
its
plans
to
________(wide)
the
street.
②We
must
________(large)
our
views
by
reading.
③The
library
was________(rich)
with
new
books.
【答案】 ①widen ②enlarge ③enriched
(教材P2)Our
circumstances
are
so
desperate
that
it
is
uncertain
whether
we
will
ever
return
alive.我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。
(1)circumstance
n.
环境；详情；境况(需用复数)
The
choice
of
technique
is,
therefore,
a
matter
of
preference,
and
in
some
cases
circumstance.
因此，技术的选择是偏好的问题，在某些情况下也与环境有关。
I
cannot
recollect
the
exact
circumstance.
我总是想不起确实的情况。
in
any
circumstances
在任何情形下
in/under
the
circumstances
在这种情况下
in/under
no
circumstances
无论如何不；绝不(位于句首时，
句子用倒装)
If
we
are
happy
in
our
heart,
we
will
be
happy
in
any
circumstances.如果我们的心快乐，任何情况下都会觉得快乐。
Under
no
circumstances
should
you
lend
him
any
money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。
完成句子
①中国在任何时候和任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。
At
no
time
and
________________
will
China
be
the
first
to
use
nuclear
weapons.
②在这种情况下，我们必须让步。
We
must
give
in______________________________.
③我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。
I
know
I
can
trust
her
_________________________.
【答案】 ①under
no
circumstances ②under
this
circumstance
③in
any
circumstances
(2)【句式分析】 句中so...that
引导结果状语从句；在状语从句中it为形式主语，whether引导的句子为真正主语。so...that...表示“如此……以至于”。
It
was
so
cold
outside
that
we
had
to
stop
the
game.
外面天气太冷了，我们不得不停止比赛。
The
picture
is
so
beautiful
that
everyone
likes
it.
那幅画是如此好看，以至于大家都喜欢它。
so...that...常用于以下结构：
①so＋形容词(表语)＋that从句。
②so＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋that从句。
③so＋副词＋that从句。
④so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋名词＋that从句。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空)On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
so
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
to
get
there.
在我们去那房子的途中，雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里。
She
made
so
good
a
meal
that
we
all
ate
far
too
much.
她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。
He
did
so
well
in
the
examination
that
everyone
praised
him.他考得那么好，人人都称赞他。
[名师点津]
such...that...用于以下三个句型：
such＋
a(n)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that...
such＋形容词＋复数可数名词＋that...
such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that...
such＋不可数名词＋that...
完成句子
④缸里的水太少，不够我们这些人用的。
There
was
_______________it
was
not
enough
for
all
of
us.
⑤他学习功课非常勤奋，休息得很少很少。
He
worked
________________________he
had
little
rest.
⑥昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。
It
was___________________we
all
went
out
for
a
picnic.
【答案】 ④so
little
water
in
the
jar
that ⑤so
hard
at
his
lessons
that ⑥so
fine
a
day
yesterday
that
hold
on
坚持；继续；(打电话时用语)请等一下；不要挂断
(教材P2)Hold
on
now,
Perce.Don't
you
go
turning
into
another
Tom...
坚持下去，珀斯。不要变成另一个汤姆……
They
managed
to
hold
on
until
help
arrived.
他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。
Hold
on,
please.I'll
see
if
he's
in
his
office.
请别挂断。我去看看他是否在办公室。
①hold
on还表示“将……固定住；抓住；保留”，表示“抓住；保留”，后面常跟to
sb./sth.。
②hold
back
(from
sth.)
退缩；踌躇
hold
sb./sth.back
阻止；扣住；抑制
hold
out
维持；保持；抵抗；伸出(手)
hold
up
阻碍；延误；抢劫
He
held
on
to
the
rock
to
stop
himself
slipping.
他紧紧抓住岩石以免自己往下滑。
I
had
a
strong
desire
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy，but
was
held
back
thankfully
by
the
shop
window.
我有一种强烈的欲望，想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩，但幸亏我被商店橱窗阻挡了。
They
were
ready
to
hold
out
a
friendly
hand.
他们准备伸出友谊之手。
用hold
back/hold
on/hold
on
to/hold
out的适当形式填空
①They
managed
to________until
we
found
a
ladder.
②I
would________the
house
for
the
time
being.
③He
bravely
________
his
tears.
④We
can
stay
here
as
long
as
our
supplies
________．
【答案】 ①hold
on ②hold
on
to ③held
back
④hold
out
(教材P3)So
it
was
with
great
excitement
one
morning
in
July
1914
that
I
read
this
advertisement...
所以在1914年7月的一个早晨，我是怀着无比激动的心情读这则广告的……
【句式分析】 这是强调结构的句子，with
great
excitement
one
morning
in
July
1914是被强调部分。
It
was
in
the
street
that
I
met
your
parents
yesterday.
昨天我是在街上遇到你父母的。
①强调句型的构成：It
is
(was)
＋
被强调部分＋
that
(who)
＋
句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在
It
is
(was)
之后，其他部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。
②强调句型的一般疑问句：直接把is或was提到it之前即可。
③强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋
is
(was)
it
＋
that
＋句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。
Was
it
Tom
that
found
your
pen
in
the
classroom
yesterday?
是汤姆昨天在教室里发现了你的钢笔吗？
Who
was
it
that
found
your
pen
in
the
classroom
yesterday？是谁昨天在教室里发现了你的钢笔？
[名师点津]
(1)
强调句的时态要和原句保持一致。
(2)
被强调成分若为代词，它的格也要与原句保持一致。
(3)
被强调成分为时间状语时，不用when引导；为地点状语时，不用where，而都要使用连词that。
(4)
无论被强调成分为单数还是复数，it后的谓语动词都要用单数，即为It
is(was)...that(who)的形式。
特别提示：但若被强调成分是主语，that
(who)后的谓语动词仍需与之保持一致。
把下列句子改为强调句，强调画线部分
①Is
Mr.Wang
going
to
give
us
a
talk
this
evening?
________________________________________________________________
②What
you
did
made
a
deep
impression
on
us.
________________________________________________________________
③They
finished
searching
the
house
at
four
o'clock
in
the
morning．
________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Is
it
this
evening
that
Mr.Wang
is
going
to
give
us
a
talk？②It
was
what
you
did
that
made
a
deep
impression
on
us.③It
was
at
four
o'clock
in
the
morning
that
they
finished
searching
the
house.
hook
n.
钩；吊钩
vt.
钩住；迷上
(教材P3)An
expedition
with
the
great
Sir
Ernest
Shackleton
to
the
South
Pole—I
was
hooked!
同伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——我被深深迷住了！
Please
hang
your
coat
on
the
hook.
请把你的外衣挂在钩上。
She
had
managed
to
hook
a
wealthy
husband.
她成功地嫁到了一位有钱的丈夫。
let/get
sb.off
the
hook
使/帮某人脱离困境
hook
on
钩住；追随
hook
up
to
sth.
(电器)连接；接通
I
am
hooked
on
collecting
clocks.
我迷上了收集时钟。
This
is
a
dress
that
hooks
at
the
back.
这是件从后背用钩扣的连衣裙。
【图形助记】
吊钩 钓鱼
翻译句子
①把你的毛巾挂在那个钩子上。
________________________________________________________________
②检查一下计算机是否与打印机接通。
________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Hang
your
towel
on
that
hook.
②Check
(whether)
the
computer
is
hooked
up
to
the
printer.
(教材P3)His
perseverance
won
our
complete
faith
in
him.他顽强的精神赢得了我们对他的信任。
(1)perseverance
n．坚持不懈；毅力；锲而不舍
He
is
slow
to
learn,
but
shows
great
perseverance.
他学得慢，但是他表现出不屈不挠的毅力。
By
perseverance
the
lame
boy
learned
to
swim.
这位跛童靠毅力学会了游泳。
persevere
vi.
坚持不懈；锲而不舍
persevering
adj.
坚持不懈的；锲而不舍的
persevere
in/at/with...
坚持……
If
you
persevere
with
work,
you'll
succeed
in
the
end.
你如果把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。
Despite
a
number
of
setbacks，they
persevered
in
their
attempts
to
fly
around
the
world
in
a
balloon.
虽屡遭挫折，他们仍不断尝试乘气球环游世界。
完成句子
①警察们将竭尽所能使人质获释。
The
policemen
will
________their
efforts
to
free
the
hostages.
②她是一位娴静而锲而不舍的年轻女性。
She
is
a
quiet
and
_______________________________.
【答案】 ①persevere
with
②persevering
young
woman
(2)faith
n.
信仰；信任；信心
He
has
great
talent,
but
he
has
lost
his
faith.
他很有天赋，但是他已经丧失了信心。
Love
asks
faith
and
faith
asks
firmness.
爱情要求信任，信任要求坚定。
①have
faith
in
信任
lose
faith
in
对……失去信任
②faithful
adj.
忠实的；忠诚的
③faithfully
adv.
忠实地；忠诚地
I
still
have
faith
in
John
despite
his
shortcomings.
虽然约翰有缺点，我仍然信任他。
A
true
friend
is
faithful
to
the
end.
真正的朋友到死都是忠诚的。
完成句子
③I'm
delighted
to
know
you
____________(对我如此信赖).
④He
had
always
been
a__________(忠诚的朋友).
【答案】 ③have
such
faith
in
me
④faithful
friend
give
way
to
让路；让步；转为
(教材P3)He
was
always
honest
with
us
(as
in
the
advertisement)
and
never
gave
way
to
disappointment.
他总是对我们坦诚相待(像广告中的那样)，从不灰心丧气，从不放弃。
Don't
give
way
to
grief.
不要过度悲伤。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，完形填空)It
ends
abruptly
at
3，000
metres，giving
way
to
lands
of
low
growing
plants.它在海拔3
000米的地方突然中断，取而代之的是低矮的植物。
give
up
放弃
give
out
分发；耗尽；发出(光或热)
give
back
归还；恢复
give
in
屈服；让步
give
away
分发；泄露
If
Louis
could
find
his
way
out
of
his
problems,
why
should
I
ever
give
up？如果Louis能解决他的问题，我为什么要放弃呢？
完成句子
①洪水来临时琼斯太太并没有害怕。
Mrs.Jones
didn't
____________________
during
the
flood.
②冬天过去，
春天来到，白天越来越长了。
As
winter
____________________，
the
days
began
to
lengthen.
【答案】 ①give
way
to
fears
②gave
way
to
spring
(教材P3)Soon
Shackleton
set
out
the
framework
for
our
life
here:
no
difference
in
rank
or
in
social
status...不久沙克尔顿阐明了我们这里的生活准则：取消级别和社会的差异……
(1)set
out出发；开始；装饰；阐明；陈述；移植；设计
He
set
out
to
paint
the
whole
house
but
finished
only
the
front
part.
他开始粉刷整个屋子，可是才刷完前面的那部分。
The
wall
was
set
out
with
pictures.
这墙用字画装饰着。
set
about
(doing)
sth.
着手(某项工作)
set
back
妨碍，阻碍
set
down
把……放下来；记下
set
in
(气候，季节等)开始
set
off
动身，出发；发出，引起
set
up
竖起；创立
Once
I
realized
what
was
wrong,
I
set
about
correcting
it.
我一意识到错误马上就纠正。
The
young
man
has
just
set
up
a
new
national
record
in
high
jump.
那个小伙子刚创造了全国跳高纪录。
You
had
better
set
down
your
idea
before
you
forget
it.
你最好把你的意见写下来，以免忘记。
完成句子
①明天我打算7点动身去上海。
Tomorrow
I
am
going
to
________________
at
7.
②地震以后，许多高楼又建起来了。
After
the
earthquake，________________again.
【答案】 ①set
off
for
Shanghai
②many
tall
buildings
were
set
up
(2)rank
n.
阶级；等级；军衔；行；列
Each
rank
has
a
name.每一个等级都有名称。
Taxis
stand
in
a
(taxi)
rank
waiting
to
be
hired.
出租车排成一列等候乘客。
rank
vt.
位居……；把……分等级
break
ranks
出列，落后
fall
into
ranks
加入行列，排队
keep
ranks
保持队形，维持秩序
She
ranks
high
in
her
class.
她在班上名列前茅。
A
bugle
blared
and
a
bass
voice
shouted
the
command
to
break
ranks.接着便吹起喇叭，同时一个低调的声音发出解散队伍的命令。
完成句子
③The
soldier
was
promoted
to
__________________(上尉军衔).
④People
from
______________(各阶层、各阶级)are
equal
here.
⑤How
do
you
______________(将汤姆列为……级)as
a
chess
player?
【答案】 ③the
rank
of
captain ④all
ranks
and
classes ⑤rank
Tom
advocate
vt.
拥护；提倡；支持
n.
拥护者；提倡者
(教材P3)We
who
remained
on
Elephant
Island
swore
that
we
would
do
as
he
advocated:
remain
optimistic
and
recover
our
health
before
he
returned
to
rescue
us.
我们这些留在神象岛等待的人都发誓我们要按他的主张那样去做：在他回来之前保持乐观、恢复健康。
She
is
a
passionate
advocate
of
education
reform.
她是一名教育改革的热情拥护者。
advocate
sth.提倡……
advocate
Many
people
advocate
building
more
hospitals.
许多人主张增设医院。
The
report
advocated
that
all
buildings
be
fitted
with
smoke
detectors.
报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。
完成句子
①你主张让所有孩子直到十六岁一直待在学校吗？
Do
you________________all
children
at
school
till
the
age
of
sixteen?
②工会不提倡用暴力使得工资提高。
The
union________________
to
get
pay
raised.
【答案】 ①advocate
keeping ②doesn't
advocate
the
use
of
violence
PAGEUnit
1
Nothing
ventured
(教材P5)The
ice
constantly
broke
up
at
night
because
of
the
warmth
of
our
bodies
and
we
often
dropped
into
the
freezing
water
while
sleeping.
由于我们的体温，冰在晚上不断的破裂，我们经常在睡梦中掉进冰冷的水中。
(1)break
up
破碎；结束；解散；垮掉；(学校)期终放假
The
stricken
tanker
began
to
break
up
on
the
rocks.
油轮被击中后撞上礁石，毁坏了。
They
decided
to
break
up
the
partnership.
他们决定终止合作关系。
Police
had
to
break
up
the
crowd.
警察不得不驱散人群。
break
away
(from)
脱离；摆脱；断绝关系
break
down
出毛病；分解；(身体)垮了
break
into
闯入；打断；突然开始(哭、笑、唱等)
break
in
插入；强行进入
break
out
爆发
break
through
强行穿过；突围；冲破
Because
of
explosion，the
bridge
broke
down
last
night.
由于爆炸，昨夜这座桥倒塌了。
Last
night
a
thief
broke
in
and
stole
away
his
camera.
昨夜一个小偷闯了进来，
偷走了他的相机。
More
than
one
hundred
fires
broke
out
in
our
city
last
year.去年我市发生了一百多起火灾。
用适当的break短语完成句子
①He
________
with
some
ideas
of
his
own.
②Hearing
the
sad
news，the
old
woman________
tears.
③I
have
heard
that
a
quarrel
________
between
them.
④After
a
long
time
of
hard
work,
he
almost______________．
⑤When
do
you
________
for
Christmas?
⑥The
dog
________
its
owner
and
ran
away.
⑦Our
soldiers
successfully
________
the
enemy's
defences.
【答案】 ①broke
in ②broke
into ③broke
out
④broke
down ⑤break
up
⑥broke
away
from
⑦broke
through
(2)freezing
adj.
冰冻的；严寒的；冷淡的
The
freezing
wind
pierced
us
to
the
bone.
凛冽的风使我们感到寒冷刺骨。
Freezing
weather
is
harmful
to
orange
trees.
冰冻天气对橘子树是有害的。
freeze
v.
(使)冻结；结冰
frozen
adj.
冷冻的；冷藏的；冻僵的；冰封的
frozen
with/in
sth.
吓呆；惊呆
Some
fruits
don't
freeze
well
at
all.
有些水果根本就不能冷藏。
These
frozen
foods
are
the
most
convenient
of
all.
这些冷冻食品是最为方便的。
完成句子
⑧She
stared
at
me,
_________________________(惊呆了).
⑨__________________(冰冷的雨)
drove
her
back
indoors.
【答案】 ⑧frozen
with
shock
⑨The
freezing
rain
(教材P7)
What
Shackleton
and
his
men
must
have
felt
doesn't
bear
thinking
about.
沙克尔顿和他的手下当时所经历的事情不堪回首。
【句式分析】 本句为复合句，what引导名词性从句，在句中作主语；what引导名词性从句在句中还可以作宾语、表语、同位语和宾语补足语等。
What
was
once
regarded
as
impossible
has
now
become
a
reality.
曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实。
Your
health
is
not
what
it
ought
to
be.
你的身体应该更好。
I
can't
do
what
you've
just
asked
of
me.
我不能做你刚才要求我的事。
翻译句子
①我怕的是他们带他到那地方去。
________________________________________________________________
②时代不同了。
________________________________________________________________
③父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。
________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①What
I'm
afraid
of
is
their
taking
him
to
that
place.②Times
are
not
what
they
used
to
be.
③The
father
began
to
criticize
what
the
boy
had
done.
定语
一、定语的意义
定语是用来修饰名词的，在意义上相当于形容词。
二、定语的表现形式
1.
形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词、分词作定语通常放在被修饰的词前面，叫前置定语。
This
is
a
valuable
lesson.(形容词)
这是很有价值的一课。
The
tea
cup
was
broken
by
Tom
yesterday.(名词)
那茶杯是汤姆昨天打坏的。
Her
father
is
an
engineer.(代词)
她父亲是一个工程师。
I
was
made
to
help
cook
twenty?eight
meals
three
times
a
day.(数词)
我被迫帮助做二十八个人的一日三餐的饭菜。
He
bought
some
sleeping
pills.(动名词)
他买了一些安眠药。
This
is
a
most
pressing
problem.(现在分词)
这是一个非常紧迫的问题。
Is
there
any
difference
between
spoken
English
and
written
English？(过去分词)
英语口语和书面语之间存在什么不同吗？
Do
you
know
Betty's
mother?
(所有格)
你认识贝蒂的母亲吗？
2．介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、副词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词的后面，叫后置定语。
The
girl
in
red
is
his
sister.(介词短语)
穿红衣服的女孩是他妹妹。
We
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do
today.(不定式)
今天我们有很多工作要做。
The
girl
standing
under
the
tree
is
his
daughter.(分词短语)站在树下的那个女孩是他的女儿。
He
was
lost
in
the
forest,
and
he
couldn't
find
a
way
out.(副词)他在森林中迷路了，找不到出去的路。
3.
如果被修饰的词为some,
any，every,
no等构成的不定代词(如someone，anything等)时，定语要放在这些词的后面。
There
is
nothing
interesting
in
this
book.
这本书没什么意思。
I
have
something
important
to
tell
you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
【特别提示】
多个形容词同时修饰一个名词，其排列顺序通常如下：限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格)——数词(序数词、基数词)——描绘性形容词——特征形容词(大小、形状、新旧、长幼)——颜色形容词——类属形容词(来源、材料、用途)——名词性定语——被修饰名词。
口诀促记：
限定描写大长高；形状年龄新旧老；颜色国籍到材料；作用类别往后靠。
a
few
big
round
new
black
wooden
French
tables
几张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子
a
famous
German
medical
school
一所德国著名的医学院
4．从句作定语一般放在先行词后，分为限定性和非限定性两种。能引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,
whom，as，whose,
which,
that等；关系副词有：where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在从句中作句子成分。
I
yell
in
a
hoarse
voice
that
I
hardly
recognize
as
my
own.
我用自己都辨认不出来的沙哑声音尖叫着。
The
old
man
whose
daughter
is
a
nurse
was
a
headmaster.
女儿是护士的那位老人过去是校长。
The
old
man,
whose
daughter
is
a
nurse,
was
a
headmaster.
那位老人，过去是校长，他的女儿是护士。
The
building
which
was
painted
in
red
was
built
in
the
1990s.
那座粉刷成红色的建筑是上世纪90年代建造的。
As
everybody
knows,
Jones
married
Mark.
众所周知，琼斯嫁给了马克。
Jones
married
Mark,
as/which
everybody
knows.
琼斯嫁给了马克，正如大家所知/这件事大家都知道。
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1．The
airport________(complete)
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
2．I'm
going
to
the
supermarket
this
afternoon.Do
you
have
anything
________(buy)?
3．Prices
of
daily
goods________(bring)
through
a
computer
can
be
lower
than
store
prices.
4．The
picture
________(hang)
on
the
wall
is
painted
by
my
nephew.
5.
Do
you
know
the
girl________(wear)
a
red
coat
over
there?
完成句子
6.
This
is
the
house____________________(几年前建的).
7.
I
can't
go
out
to
play
football
with
you
because
I
have
_______(很多信要写).
8.
Jack
is
always_______________(每天早上第一个来).
9．The
building___________(那边正在建造的)is
our
new
library.
10.
They
are
talking
about
the
books
______________(昨天他们在书店买的).
【答案】 1.to
be
completed 2.to
buy 3.brought
4.hanging 5.wearing 6.(which/that
was)
built
several
years
ago 7.many
letters
to
write 8.the
first
to
come
every
morning 9.(which/that
is)
being
built
over
there 10.(which/that)
they
bought
in
the
bookshop
yesterday
PAGEUnit
1
Nothing
ventured
从三个选项中选择最佳选项
1.
What
took
their
time
and
energy?
A．Finding
food.
B．Keeping
alive.
C．Finding
help.
2.
Which
kind
of
fuel
can
they
use?
A．Trees.
B．Coal.
C．Seal
fat.
3.
Why
must
they
pay
special
attention
to
their
eyes?
A．Because
the
temperature
was
changeable.
B．Because
it
could
freeze
quickly.
C．Because
it
might
be
hurt
by
the
rays
from
the
sun.
【答案】 1～3 BCC
判断正(T)误(F)
1.
When
Shackleton
left,
the
writer
felt
discouraged
and
then
cheerful.
( )
2.
It
was
easy
for
them
to
get
fresh
water.
( )
3.
As
a
chef,
he
felt
it
is
not
easy
to
vary
the
meals.
( )
【答案】 1～3 TFT
delay
vt.&
vi.
耽搁；延迟
n.
耽搁；延迟
(教材P9)．..the
fear
that
we
might
never
know
their
fate
and
possible
delays,
at
first
made
us
feel
low
and
discouraged.
……无从知晓他们的命运以及可能出现的耽搁的恐惧，起初使我们感到沮丧和低迷。
We
decided
to
delay
our
wedding
until
next
year.
我们决定把婚礼推迟到明年。
The
weather
is
responsible
for
the
delay.
由于天气原因才耽搁了。
①delay
(doing)
sth.
推迟(干)某事
②without
delay
毫不延迟地；迅速地
a
delay
in
doing
sth.
耽误做某事
He
delayed
telling
her
the
news，waiting
for
the
right
moment.
他没有立刻把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。
Jo
wrathfully
proposed
that
Mr.Davis
be
arrested
without
delay.乔怒气冲冲地提议，应当把戴维斯先生毫不迟延地逮起来。
[名师点津]
delay后面不能跟不定式，只能跟动名词作宾语，类似的动词还有：avoid,
admit,
advise,
enjoy,
finish,
forbid,
give,
imagine,
keep,
mind,
miss,
practice,
resist,
risk,
suggest等。
完成句子
①The
train
________
(延误了一个小时)
by
the
accident.
②I
arrived
there
___________________________(毫无耽搁).
③They
decided
to
____________________________
(推迟出国).
【答案】 ①was
delayed
an
hour
②without
delay ③delay
going
abroad
discourage
vt.
使……气馁；劝阻，阻止
I
was
never
discouraged
against
learning
English.
我从未对学习英语失去信心。
He
is
easily
discouraged
by
difficulties
and
obstacles.
他遇到困难和阻碍就容易泄气。
①discourage
sb.from
doing
sth.
阻止某人做某事
②discouraged
adj.
沮丧的；灰心丧气的
be/get
discouraged
变得灰心，泄气
③discouragement
n.
灰心；丧气
④discouraging
adj.
令人泄气的；令人沮丧的
His
parents
discouraged
him
from
joining
the
force.
他的父母劝他不要参军。
I
was
more
disappointed
than
discouraged.
我是失望，而不是泄气。
完成句子
①If
you
meet
with
any
difficulty
in
your
study，________________________(不要灰心).
②He
________________
(听起来感到沮丧)
by
the
lack
of
progress
in
talks.
③We
tried
to
________________(阻止他不要去爬山)
without
a
guide.
【答案】 ①don't
be
discouraged ②sounded
discouraged ③discourage
him
from
climbing
the
mountain
grasp
vt.
抓住；抓紧；掌握
n.
抓住，把握；理解；领会
(教材P9)．..we
had
to
gather
fresh
water
by
grasping
and
then
melting
sea?ice.
我们不得不通过捞一些浮冰然后再融化来得到一些淡水。
I
grasped
the
main
point
of
the
speech.
我领会了这篇演讲的要点。
①grasp
at
sth.
尽力抓住某物
grasp
a
chance/an
opportunity
抓住机会
②have
a
grasp
of
掌握/精通……
beyond
one's
grasp
超乎某人的理解力
within
one's
grasp
在某人的掌握下
She
grasped
at
his
coat
as
he
rushed
past
her.
他从她身边冲过去时，她使劲抓住了他的上衣。
She
has
a
good
grasp
of
the
English
language.
她精通英语。
Success
was
within
her
grasp.
她有把握获得成功。
翻译句子
①你最好抓住这一机会。
________________________________________________________________
②她始终不明白该怎样去做。
________________________________________________________________
③她对该学科有深刻的了解。
________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①You'd
better
grasp
the
opportunity.
②She
could
never
grasp
how
to
do
it.
③She
has
a
good
grasp
of
the
subject.
(教材P9)With
no
trees
growing
on
Antarctica
and
no
oil,
the
only
fuel
we
could
use
was
seal
fat.
南极大陆不长树，也没有油料，唯一可供我们用作燃料的便是海豹的油脂。
【句式分析】 句中使用了“with＋名词＋现在分词”结构，在句中作状语，表示原因。
He
fell
asleep
with
his
radio
still
working.
他睡着了，收音机还在响。
With
you
standing
here,
we
can't
fix
our
attention
on
the
job.
由于你站在这儿，我们不能专心地工作。
with复合结构还有以下用法：
①with＋名词＋介词短语。在句中可作状语，也可用作后置定语。
②with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。其中过去分词表被动或完成了的动作。
③with＋名词/代词＋不定式。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。
④with＋名词/代词＋形容词。
The
wood
cutter
was
standing
next
to
a
fallen
tree，with
lots
of
small
pieces
of
wood
in
front
of
him.
伐木工人站在一棵砍倒的树旁，前面有许多碎木片。(伴随状语)
Tom
stood
for
a
moment
with
his
hand
still
raised.
汤姆举着手站了一会儿。(伴随状语)
With
so
much
work
to
do,
we
can't
kill
any
time
by
playing
cards.由于有这么多工作要做，我们不能通过打牌来消磨时间。(原因状语)
The
girl
entered
the
room
with
her
eyes
full
of
tears.
这女孩走进屋里，眼泪汪汪。(伴随状语)
完成句子
①他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
He
likes
to
sleep
_________________________________.
②那位抱着婴儿的妇女是我的妻子。
The
woman
______________________________
is
my
wife.
③问题解决了，我们都感到高兴。
__________________________,
we
all
felt
happy.
④在老师的帮助下，我们会取得更大的进步。
________________________,
we
will
make
greater
progress.
【答案】 ①with
the
window
open ②with
a
baby
in
her
arms ③With
the
problem
settled ④With
the
teacher
to
help
us
(教材P9)As
a
chef,
it
was
my
duty
to
clean
and
cook
these
animals,
so
I
was
soon
being
encouraged
to
vary
the
meals
in
whatever
way
I
could.
作为厨师，我的责任就是把这些动物清洗干净并做成熟肉，没过多久他们就不断地鼓动我想方设法变化伙食的花样。
【句式分析】 这是一个复合句，so连接前后两个并列分句。前面分句中使用了it
is
＋n.＋to
do的结构，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
It
is
our
duty
to
obey
the
laws.
遵守法律是我们的义务。
It
was
not
his
way
to
admit
that
he
had
made
a
mistake.承认自己犯了错误可不是他一贯的作风。
完成句子
①________________(是我们的责任)
to
help
the
disabled.
②________________________(是她的习惯)
to
rise
early.
【答案】 ①It
is
our
duty
②It
is
her
custom
be
particular
about
对……挑剔；吹毛求疵
(教材P9)We
had
to
be
very
particular
about
our
personal
care
because
a
changeable
temperature
could
harm
us.
我们不得不特别注意自己照顾自己，因为变化的气温可能会伤害到我们。
She
is
so
particular
about
her
housework
that
servants
will
not
work
for
her.
她对家务活太挑剔了，以至于佣人们不愿给她干活。
She's
very
particular
about
what
she
wears.
她对衣着很讲究。
in
particular
尤其；特别
particularly
adv.
特别地；显著地
The
whole
meal
was
good
but
the
wine
in
particular
was
excellent.
整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。
The
house
itself
is
not
particularly
to
my
mind,
but
I
like
its
environment.
这房子本身并不特别合我的心意，但我喜欢它周围的环境。
完成句子
①Mr.Smith
is
known
for______________________(极端挑剔).
②We
must__________________________(特别关注这一点).
【答案】 ①being
very
particular
②pay
particular
attention
to
this
point
记叙文写作
[写作指导]
记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它分为记人和记事两种。记叙文的几个要点为：
1．时间、地点、人物、事件，这几个要素在写作时要交代清楚。
2．人称：记叙文一般可以有第一人称和第三人称两种叙事方式：第一人称是作者以当事人的口吻，把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻的方式来叙述。第三人称是作者从旁观者的角度来叙述，反映事件中的不同人的感受和见解。
3．记叙文的线索一般为时间，即按照事件的发展顺序来写。也可以按照地点的线索来写，即以地点的转移为顺序。
4．重点突出，层次分明，详略得当。
5．注意文章的完整性。
6．所用的时态通常为一般过去时。
[佳作构建]
时间
几年前
地点
广东佛山
人物
2岁的小悦悦(本名王悦)
事情
1.相继被两车碾压；2．18名路人路过但都视而不见；3．最后一名拾荒的老年妇女上前施以援手。
结果
1.8天后，王悦抢救无效，死亡；2．该事件引发网民广泛热议。
你的看法
1.……2．……
注意：1.可参考表格，但不能照字面翻译。
2.词数100左右(开头已经写好，不计入总词数)。
3．参考词汇：小货车small
van；拾荒collect
scraps
Several
years
ago，two?year?old
Wang
Yue
was
playing
on
the
street.________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
本文是一篇记叙类写作。成文时要注意：1.时态：以过去时为主；2.人称：主要是第三人称；3.内容要齐全；4.注意语句之间的连贯，恰当使用连词。
Ⅰ.词汇
1．网民
____________
2．受伤的
____________
3．营救某人
____________
4．忽视
____________
5．谋生
____________
6．集中于
____________
7．撞翻……
____________
8．阻止……做……
____________
【答案】 1.netizen 2.injured 3.come
to
sb.'s
rescue 4.ignore 5.make
a
living 6.focus
on
7．run
over 8.prevent...from...
Ⅱ.句式
1.
至少有18人从那个严重受伤的女孩身边经过。
________18
people
passed
the
seriously
injured
girl.
2.
最后一个通过捡废品谋生的老年妇女过去营救她。
Finally
an
old
woman
making
a
living
by
collecting
scraps
________________．
3.
大部分人不能相信事故竟然发生在广东。
Most
people
can't
believe
this
incident
__________
in
Guangdong.
【答案】 1.At
least 2.came
to
her
rescue
3．should
have
happened
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Several
years
ago，two?year?old
Wang
Yue
was
playing
on
the
street．Unfortunately，a
small
van
ran
over
the
young
girl.Then
a
second
vehicle
struck
the
girl
again
and
they
both
rushed
by
without
stopping.At
least
18
people
passed
the
seriously
injured
girl
before
finally
an
old
woman
making
a
living
by
collecting
scraps
came
to
her
rescue.After
8
days
of
struggle
in
hospital，Wang
Yue
died
and
left
us
forever.The
incident
has
stirred
heated
discussions
among
netizens
both
in
and
outside
China.
Most
people
can't
believe
this
incident
should
have
happened
in
Guangdong.In
my
opinion，we
should
not
only
focus
much
on
economic
development，but
also
pay
enough
attention
to
the
promotion
of
morality.While
we
can't
ignore
the
development
of
economy，we
should
offer
a
hand
to
those
in
need
as
well
to
prevent
similar
incidents
from
happening
again.
PAGEUnit
1
Nothing
ventured
单元复习课
根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词及派生词
1．________
n.
(有风险的)商业、企业
vi.
&
vt.
冒险；敢于去
2．________
n.
苦楚；受难
3．________
vt.
加强；巩固
4．________
n.
忍耐；持久；耐(性)
5．________
vt.
使变黑
6．________
n.
环境；详情；境况
7．________
adv.
无论如何
8．________
n.
信任；信念；信仰；忠实
9．________
n.
等级；军阶；军衔
10．________
vt.
宣誓；发誓
11.
________
vt.
支持；拥护；提倡
12.
________
n.
感激；感恩
13.
________
vt.
&
vi.
耽搁；延迟
14.
________
n.
小心；谨慎；警告
15.
________
adj.
无法忍受的；承受不住的→______
adj.
可以忍受的→________
vt.
忍受；承受
16.
________
vt.
坚持→________
n.
坚持不懈
17.
________
adj.
冰冻的；严寒的→________
adj.
冷冻的；冷藏的；冻僵的；冰封的→________v.
(使)冻结；结冰
18.
________
vt.
使……气馁→________
adj.
沮丧的；灰心丧气的→________
adj.
令人泄气的；令人沮丧的→________
n.
灰心；丧气
【答案】 1.venture 2.suffering 3.strengthen
4．endurance 5.blacken 6.circumstance 7.anyhow
8.faith 9.rank 10.swear 11.advocate
12．gratitude 13.delay 14.caution 15.unbearable;
bearable;
bear 16.persevere；perseverance
17．freezing;
frozen;
freeze 18.discourage;
discouraged;
discouraging;
discouragement
Ⅰ.根据提示翻译下列短语
1．________________封闭；忘掉；抹去
2．________________无论如何不；绝不
3．________________坚持；继续
4．________________出发；开始；装饰；宣布；陈述，移植
5．________________破碎；结束；解散；垮掉；(学校)期终放假
6．have
faith
in
________________
7．give
way
to
________________
8．without
delay
________________
9．give
off
________________
10．be
particular
about
________________
【答案】 1.block
out 2.under
no
circumstances
3．hold
on 4.set
out 5.break
up 6.信任 7.让路；让步；转为 8.毫不延迟的 9.发出(蒸汽、光等)
10．对……挑剔；吹毛求疵
Ⅱ.用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
1．What
____________
a
bad
smell?
2．He
____________
to
break
the
world
record.
3．Finding
herself
on
the
bed，she
__________
helpless
misery.
4．He
____________
having
his
breakfast
at
exactly
8
o'clock.
5．Over
the
years
she
had
tried
to
____________
that
part
of
life.
【答案】 1.gives
off 2.set
out 3.gave
way
to
4．is
very
particular
about 5.block
out
1.
Our
circumstances
are
so
desperate
that
it
is
uncertain
whether
we
will
ever
return
alive.
【句式仿写】 她非常气馁，什么也不想做。
She
was
___________________
she
wanted
to
do
nothing.
2.
What
Shackleton
and
his
men
must
have
felt
doesn't
bear
thinking
about.
【句式仿写】 昨天那个年轻人说的证明是错误的。
________________________________________________________________
yesterday
proved
wrong.
3．With
no
trees
growing
on
Antarctica
and
no
oil,
the
only
fuel
we
could
use
was
seal
fat.
【句式仿写】 那个小男孩躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
________________________________________________________________,
the
little
boy
lay
on
the
grass.
4.
As
a
chef,
it
was
my
duty
to
clean
and
cook
these
animals,
so
I
was
soon
being
encouraged
to
vary
the
meals
in
whatever
way
I
could.
【句式仿写】 昨天打碎镜子不是我的过错。
________________________________________________________________
to
break
the
mirror
yesterday.
【答案】 1.so
discouraged
that 2.What
the
young
man
said 3.With
his
eyes
looking
into
the
sky
4．It
was
not
my
fault
PAGEThere was once a king of Scotland whose name was Robert Bruce.He had needed to be both brave and wise, for the times in which he lived were wild and rude.The king of England was at war with him, and had led a great army into Scotland to drive him out of the land.
Battle after battle had been fought.Six times had Bruce led his brave little army against his foes; and six times had his men been beaten, and driven into flight.At last, his army was scattered, and he was forced to hide himself in the woods and in lonely places among the mountains.
