2011中考英语词汇专题1：错题本 （B字母篇）

2012中考英语词汇专题1：错题本 （B字母篇）
错题本 （B字母篇）
back ?
　　［误］ I'm sorry. I have to back home.?
　　［正］ I'm sorry. I have to go back home.?
　　［正］ I'm sorry. I have to go home.?
　　［析］ back用作"回到(某处)"之意，不是动词。?
　　be ?
　　［误］ Where do you from ?
　　［正］ Where are you from ?
　　［析］ "你从何处来"应为Where are you from 或Where do you come from 但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问"你是从什么地方来 "应讲Where did you come from 回答用I came from the library.?
　　beat ?
　　［误］ We have won your class.?
　　［正］ We have beaten your class.?
　　［正］ We have won the game.?
　　［析］ win是胜过之意，它是及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称，如：Which team won the football match 而beat指打败对手、敌人……如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat的过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten)。?
　　［误］ The ball beat me badly.?
　　［正］ The ball hit me badly.?
　　［误］ He used to hit the little boy black and blue.?
　　［正］ He used to beat the little boy black and blue.?
　　［析］ beat指打击多次，而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。?
　　beautiful ?
　　［误］ He is a beautiful boy.?
　　［正］ He is a handsome boy.?
　　［析］ 我们可以讲She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的"英俊"时要用handsome.?
　　because ?
　　［误］ The reason why I was late is because I was ill.?
　　［正］ The reason why I was late is that I was ill.?
　　［误］ Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.?
　　［正］ Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.?
　　［析］ 这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同，中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了，而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……，而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了，同样用了"所以"也就不要再用"因为"一词。例如：Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者：We study hard so we passed the exam easily.?
　　because because of ?
　　because后要接从句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名词作介词宾语，如：He is not at school because of the illness.?
　　before ?
　　［误］ We have two hours to kill before we will go home.?
　　［正］ We have two hours to kill before we go home.?
　　［析］ kill time意为"消磨时光"。?
　　英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：If it rains we will not go to the park.
　　［误］ I did this work two days before.?
　　［正］ I did this work two days ago.?
　　［析］ 用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时，而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时，如：I has done this work a few days before.?
　　before long long before ?
　　before long是"不久"之意，例如：I shall go to America before long. 而long before则是"很久很久"之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)?
　　begin ?
　　［误］ The meeting will begin from Monday.?
　　［正］ The meeting will begin on Monday.?
　　［误］ The film has begun for ten minutes.?
　　［正］ The film has been on for ten minutes.?
　　［析］ begin是瞬间动词，所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语，如：The film has begun. 这句话是对的，即"电影已经开始"。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即"上演了10分钟"。?
　　begin start ?
　　begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多，如：How old wern you when you first started learning English 但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.?
　　［误］ They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.?
　　［正］ They study hard in the class from beginning to end.?
　　［析］ from beginning to end是习惯用法，即自始至终，不要加冠词，但如单独使用则要加冠词，例如：At the beginning,the teacher gave us an exam.?
　　behind ?
　　［误］ He missed the class because he was behind the time.?
　　［正］ He missed the class because he was behind time.?
　　［析］ behind time一短语意为"晚了"，而behind the times意为"落后于时代"。behind是介词同时又是副词，如Come out from behind the door(介词). He's a long way behind(副词). He fell behind with his classmates(副词).?
　　below ?
　　［误］ What's that below the chair.?
　　［正］ What's that under the chair.?
　　［析］ under意为"正下方"，而below意为"比……低"，或指"在下游"。如：There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在"下面的例子"一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.?
　　beside ?
　　［误］ The students stood besides the teacher.?
　　［正］ The students stood beside the teacher.?
　　［误］ I study English beside Chinese.?
　　［正］ I study English besides Chinese.?
　　［析］ beside意为"在……旁边"，而besides是"除……以外(还如何)"。?
　　beside by near ?
　　beside意为"在……旁"，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指"倚、靠"、"沿着"之意，如：She is standing by the window. near多用来表示两地间距离不远，如：There is a post office near our school.?
　　better ?
　　［误］ You had better to do it at home.?
　　［正］ You had better do it at home.?
　　［误］ You hadn't better wake me up at six.?
　　［正］ You had better not wake me up at six.?
　　［析］ had better在肯定句中为"应该作某事"，其后加不带to的不定式，而在否定句中应用had better+not+动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为'd，如：You'd better not. 又如：
　　?Let's? go first. No, we'd better not.?
　　between ?
　　［误］ Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.?
　　［正］ Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.?
　　［析］ 两者之间多用between，三者或三者以上之间则用among.?
　　［误］ You must choose between this club or that club.?
　　［正］ You must choose between this club and that club.?
　　［析］ 在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…，而不能用between…or….?
　　big ?
　　［误］ There was a big rain last night.?
　　［正］ There was a heavy rain last night.?
　　［析］ 大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain. ?
　　bit ?
　　［误］ He is a bit fool. ?
　　［正］ He is a bit of a fool.?
　　［析］ a bit可以作程度副词，与a little相同，但它用于名词前应用a bit of, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit，如：I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit, (一点儿也不。)又如：?
　　-Do you mind if I open the door
　　-Not a bit.
　　black ?
　　［误］ The children became black after swimming in the sea.?
　　［正］ The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.?
　　［析］ 因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑，不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或dark.?
　　［误］ The girl has black eyes and black
　　hair.?
　　［正］ The girl has dark eyes and black hair.?
　　［析］ 英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。?
　　［误］ The Europeans like red tea.?
　　［正］ The Europeans like black tea.?
　　［析］ 红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有：black and blue(鼻青脸肿，青一块紫一块)；black?and?white(黑白电视片)。go black意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗"；look black意为"情况不妙，前景暗淡"。如：After the fight he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and black?and?white for others.?
　　body ?
　　［误］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.?
　　［正］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.?
　　［析］ 中文常讲对你身体有利，而英文中则讲对你健康有利。?
　　borrow ?
　　［误］ May I lend some books from the library ?
　　［正］ May I borrow some books from the library ?
　　［误］ How long can I borrow it ?
　　［正］ How long can I keep it ?
　　［析］ 英语中有三个词都可译为"借"，但意义各不相同如："借入"是borrow，其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody，这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如：The students want to borrow some books from the library. "借出"用lend，即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如：Could you lend us your dictionary 或Could you lend your dictionary to us 它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与how long等疑问词连用，如：You can keep it for three days.?
　　born (bear的过去分词)?
　　［误］ I born in Shanghai.?
　　［正］ I was born in Shanghai.?
　　［误］ He was born from Greek parents.?
　　［正］ He was born of Greek parents.?
　　［析］ "出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of，例如：He was born of a poor family.
　　both ?
　　［误］ They both are students.?
　　［正］ They are both students.?
　　［误］ They refuse both to answer this question.?
　　［正］ They both refuse to answer this question.?
　　［析］ both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。
　　［误］ I know his both parents.?
　　［正］ I know both his parents.?
　　［误］ The both brothers were students.?
　　［正］ Both the brothers were students.?
　　［正］ Both brothers were students.?
　　［析］ 当both与形容词性物主代词my, his, her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。?
　　［误］ Both of my parents are not at home.?
　　［正］ Neither of my parents are at home.?
　　［误］ Both of your answers are not right.?
　　［正］ Neither of your answers is right.?
　　［正］ Both your answers are wrong.?
　　［析］ both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能将两本书全给你。)而I cannot give either of the books to you. (两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)?
　　bring ?
　　［误］ Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.?
　　［正］ Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.?
　　［误］ Next time, please take your little sister here.?
　　［正］ Next time, please bring your little sister here.?
　　［析］ 英语中bring是"带来"，而take是"带走"。还有一个词fetch, 表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来"。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.?
　　business ?
　　［误］ My father went to Shanghai for business.?
　　［正］ My father went to Shanghai on business.?
　　［析］ on business出差?
　　busy ?
　　［误］ The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.?
　　［正］ The students were very busy preparing for the exam.?
　　［析］ be busy doing something为"忙于作某事"?
　　［误］ The students were busy for the exam.?
　　［正］ The students were busy with the exam.?
　　［析］ busy直接接名词时应用with.?
　　but ?
　　［误］ He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.?
　　［正］ He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.?
　　［误］ She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.?
　　［正］ She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.?
　　［析］ couldn't help其后应接动名词，表示情不自禁的动作，但couldn't help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。"
　　?
　　buy ?
　　［误］ I have bought this dictionary for three years.?
　　［正］ I have had this dictionary for three years.?
　　［析］ buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词，它可以有完成时，如：I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。?
　　by ?
　　［误］ The boy shot the cat by a gun.
　　［正］ The boy shot the cat with a gun.?
　　［误］ He came to school by a taxi this morning.?
　　［正］ He came to school by taxi this morning.?
　　［析］ 作为某种运输手段来讲，by与名词间不能有冠词，如：by car, by bike, by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词，如："我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为：We came here in his car this morning.?与by结合而成的词组很多，常用的有：by the way顺便说说；by hand手工制作；by oneself独自地；by no means决不。?