2011中考英语词汇专题6：错题本 （H字母篇）

2012中考英语词汇专题6：错题本 （H字母篇）
错题本 （H字母篇）
had better ?
　　［误］ You have better hurry.?
　　［正］ You had better hurry.?
　　［析］ had better只用过去时had，不要误用成现在时have。?
　　［误］ You hadn't better worry.?
　　［正］ You had better not worry.?
　　［析］ had better后面加不带to的不定式，其否定式是"had better not+动词原形"。?21世纪教育网
　　half ?
　　［误］ I had driven about half mile.?
　　［正］ I had driven about half a mile.?
　　［析］ "半小时"有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour. 而"一个半小时"应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours."半天"应讲half a day，"半镑"应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year，而应用six months；不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.?
　　［误］ Half us could go to the park.?
　　［正］ Half of us could go to the park.?
　　［析］ half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构，但用于代词前则必须加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.?
　　［误］ One and half apples are left on the table.?
　　［正］ One and half apples is left on the table.?
　　［析］ 一个半one and half后面的名词要用复数，而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。?
　　［误］ Half of the work are done.?
　　［正］ Half of the work is done.?
　　［误］ Half of the six apples is red.?
　　［正］ Half of the six apples are red.?
　　［析］ "half of+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致，如为不可数名词或可数名词单数，要用单数谓语动词；而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。?
　　hand ?
　　［误］ He shook hand with his teacher.?
　　［正］ He shook hands with his teacher.?
　　［析］ 与某人握手要用shake hands. 与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式，如：change hands (转手、易手)，in the hands of (由……控制)，join hands (与人合作)。?
　　happen ?
　　［误］ What was happened to you last month ?
　　［正］ What happened to you last month ?
　　［误］ An accident was happened in this street last night.?
　　［正］ An accident happened in this street last night.?
　　［析］ 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态，作为"发生"讲的happen，take place和break out都不具有被动态。happen to常用来表达一件偶然发生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.?
　　hard ?
　　［误］ I have to study hardly.?
　　［正］ I have to study hard.?
　　［析］ hard是形容词，如：a hard work，但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式，但词意截然不同，意为"几乎不"。?
　　［误］ I had my leg broken last term， so I couldn't hardly study at all.?
　　［正］ I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.?
　　［析］ hardly意为"否定"，所以不要再加否定词语了，如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.?
　　have ?
　　［误］ I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.?
　　［正］ I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.?
　　［析］ 用have somebody do something还是doing something要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。?
　　［误］ I have my bike to repair.?
　　［正］ I have my bike repaired.?
　　［析］ have something done这一句型是让某事被别人去作，请看下面两句意义的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)?
　　［误］ Could you give me some money if you have.?
　　［正］ Could you give me some money if you have any.?
　　［析］ "如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词，如：I want some books if there is any.?
　　headache ?
　　［误］ I've got headache.?
　　［正］ I've got a headache.?
　　［析］ Headache是一个规则的可数名词，所以可以讲：My mother often gets headaches. 但是"牙痛"toothache，"肚子痛"stomache?ache等却都可以用作不可数名词，如：I've got toothache. 但也可用作可数名词。?
　　hear ?
　　［误］ He was heard sing in the next room.?
　　［正］ He was heard to sing in the next room.?
　　［析］ hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如，主动态：I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为：She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。?
　　hear listen to ?
　　hear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.?
　　但词组hear about (of)则为"听说过"之意，如：I heard about this. (我听说过此事。)而hear from则为"收到某人信件"之意：I often hear from my girl friend.?
　　help ?
　　［误］ Please help my homework.?
　　［正］ Please help me do my homework.?
　　［正］ Please help me with my homework.
　　［析］ help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为"帮某人作某事"，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而He help me to do my homework. 则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。?
　　［误］ When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.?
　　［正］ When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.?
　　［析］ can't help doing something是"身不由己，情不自禁做某事"。?
　　［误］ Help yourself with some cakes.?
　　［正］ Help yourself to some cakes.?
　　［析］ 中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃"，英文中要用help somebody to something.?
　　here ?
　　［误］ Here the bus comes!?
　　［正］ Here comes the bus!?
　　［析］ 副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移。但是，若主语如是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Here we are!?
　　high ?
　　［误］ He is very high.?
　　［正］ He is very tall.?
　　［析］ 英语中的两个"高"high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。?
　　hit ?
　　［误］ The mother got angry and hit the boy.?
　　［正］ The mother got angry and beat the boy.?
　　［析］ hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。?
　　home ?
　　［误］ I'm tired. It's time I went to home.?
　　［正］ I'm tired. It's time I went home.?
　　［析］ home此处用作副词，所以不应加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了"在家"之意外，还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)?
　　home house family ?
　　home是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from home，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family are all like swimming.?
　　homgwork ?
　　［误］ I have so many homework to do today.?
　　［正］ I have so much homework go do today.?
　　［析］ homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词)，fun，health information等。?
　　hope ?
　　［误］ I hope you to be a good student.?
　　［正］ I hope you will be a good student.?
　　［析］ hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good student.
　　［误］ I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.?
　　［正］ I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.?
　　［析］ hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如"我认为你错了"。应译为：I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为I don't think so.或I hope not. ?
　　［误］ I hope your help.?
　　［正］ I hope for your help.?
　　［析］ hope for为"期望某事发生"，虽然hope是及物动词，但表达期望某事情发生要用"hope for+名词"这一结构。?
　　［误］ I was hopeful to pass the exam.?
　　［正］ I was hopeful of passing the exam.?
　　［析］ 对某事存有希望应用"hopeful of (about)+介词宾语"这一结构。?
　　hospital ?
　　［误］ My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.?
　　［正］ My mother was in hospital for two weeks.?
　　［析］ in hospital为"住院就医"。而in (at) the hospital 为"在医院(工作)"。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多，如："上学"为go to school，at school为"在校就读"，go to bed为"上床睡觉"。
　　how ?
　　［误］ I want to know how to do.?
　　［正］ I want to know how to do it.?
　　［析］ how 是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.
　　［误］ How do you think about it ?
　　［正］ What do you think about it ?
　　［析］ 英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about…这一句式。?
　　hurry ?
　　［误］ Let's hurry. There is a little time left.?
　　［正］ Let's hurry. There is little time left.?
　　［误］ Don't worry. There is little time left.?
　　［正］ Don't worry. There is a little time left.?
　　［析］ 请注意英语中的惯用法："快点吧，没时间了"，或"别着急还有一点时间。"?
　　［误］ The car is hurrying through the street.?
　　［正］ The car is rushing throught the street.?
　　［析］ hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。?
　　hundred ?
　　［误］ There are two hundreds people here.?
　　［正］ There are two hundred people here.?
　　［误］ There are hundred of people here.?
　　［正］ There are hundreds of people here.
　　［析］ hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加?s，这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样，而hundreds of是数百的，这一词组一定要加?s.?
　　hurt ?
　　［误］ I don't want to wound her feelings.?
　　［正］ I don't want to hurt her feelings.?
　　［析］ wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词)，或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。