2011中考英语词汇专题8：错题本 （L字母篇）

2012中考英语词汇专题8：错题本 （L字母篇）
错题本 （L字母篇）
large ?
　　［误］ He found a large number of mistake in his homework.?
　　［正］ He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.?
　　［析］ "a large number of + 复数名词"，意为大量的。?
　　last ?
　　［误］ This is the newest news.?
　　［正］ This is the latest news.?
　　［析］ "最新消息"应为latest news，因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息，请注意英语与汉语的区别。?
　　last the last ?
　　［误］ I saw my brother the last week.?
　　［正］ I saw my brother last week.?
　　［析］ 当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词，the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如： That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如： I am busy for the last week.?
　　late ?
　　［误］ Yesterday I went home lately.?
　　［正］ Yesterday I went home late.?
　　［析］ late即可做形容词又可作副词；而lately则意为"最近的"，如： I haven't seen her lately.?
　　late latter later lately ?
　　late有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲： See you later. (一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如： the former president(前总统)。又如： I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。?laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的。?laugh over 则指"笑着谈论"某事，如 We laugh over the film. (我们笑着谈论那个电影。)?
　　lay ?
　　［误］ We lied on the beach.?
　　［正］ We lay on the beach.?
　　［析］ 英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式，过去式，过去分词以及现在分词是： ?
　　lay (?vt?. 放) laid laid laying?
　　lie(?vi?. 躺) lay lain cying?
　　lie(?vi?. 说谎) lied lied lying?
　　learn ?
　　［误］ The teacher said："You must study this poem by heart."?
　　［正］ The teacher said："You must learn this poem by heart."?
　　［析］ study与learn在作"学习"讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如： I'm studying at this college. 而learn…by heart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。?
　　leave ?
　　［误］ I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.?
　　［正］ I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.?
　　［析］ leave for一词组为"去某地"，如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。?
　　leave forget ?
　　［误］ I've forgotten my homework at home.?
　　［正］ I've forgotten my homework.?
　　［正］ I've left my homework at home.?
　　［析］ 如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.?
　　lesson ?
　　［误］ I have two lessons of English.?
　　［正］ I have two English lessons.?
　　［正］ I have two lessons in English.?
　　［析］ "我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"I have two classes."?teach somebody a lesson 为"教训某人"，或"要吸取教训"，如： Let this thing teaches you a lesson.?
　　lend ?
　　［误］ Please borrow me your bike.?
　　［正］ Please lend me your bike.?
　　［析］ borrow是指"借入"，如： I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是"借出"，如： I can lend you my bike. 而keep为"借多久"： 如 How long can I keep it ?
　　less ?
　　［误］ He has fewer money than she has.?
　　［正］ He has less money than she has.?
　　［析］ less是little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词，而后者修饰可数名词。?
　　let ?
　　［误］ The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?
　　［正］ The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?
　　［析］ 虽然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
　　［误］ Let's go to the park, will you ?
　　［正］ Let's go to the park, shall we ?
　　［误］ Let us go to the park, shall we ?
　　［正］ Let us go to the park, will you ?
　　［析］ Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we 而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you ?
　　life ?
　　［误］ Many people lost their life in the Second World War.?
　　［正］ Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.?
　　［析］ life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词；当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词，如： Which do you prefer, town life or country life 又如： Life is not all fun.?
　　light ?
　　［误］ There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.?
　　［正］ There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.?
　　［析］ light有两个过去分词： lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.?light可以用作名词，如： The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词，如： The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词，如： The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意，如： This box is light. I like light blue.?
　　like ?
　　［误］ My sister is very as me.?
　　［正］ My sister is very like me.?
　　［析］ as 作为连词其后要接从句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词，其后接宾语。?
　　［误］ Do you like swimming with me tonight.?
　　［正］ Would you like to swim with me tonight.?
　　［析］ like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如： I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如： I like swimming very much.?
　　like alike ?
　　作为形容词，alike 一般不作定语，而只作表语，如； The twins are very alike.?
　　［误］ Would you like swimming with us ?
　　［正］ Would you like to swim with us ?[来源:21世纪教育网]
　　［析］ 在would you like…这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。?like的用法还要注意以下两点： ① He likes Tom. 为"他喜欢汤姆。"② He is like Tom. 为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。?
　　listen ?
　　［误］ You should hear the teahcer's advice.?
　　［正］ You should listen to the teacher's advice.?
　　［析］ hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句为"听取某人意见"，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.?
　　little ?
　　［误］ Don't worry, there is little time.?
　　［正］ Don't worry, there is a little time.?
　　［误］ There is a little water. Shall I get some ?
　　［正］ There is little water. Shall I get some ?
　　［析］ 要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了，我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了，我去取点吧。"?
　　little small ?
　　little与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如： a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表语，如： The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感彩，而small则带有对比的含义。
　　live ?
　　［误］ Tom lives with his parents' money.?
　　［正］ Tom lives on his parents' money.?
　　［误］ He lives on teaching.?
　　［正］ He lives by teaching.?
　　［析］ "靠吃某物为生"应用live on something, 而live by是"靠某种生活手段为生"。?
　　living alive ?
　　living侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如： My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如： Is that cat alive or dead ?
　　lonely ?
　　［误］ She wanted to do her homework lonely.?
　　［正］ She wanted to do her homework alone.?
　　［析］ lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的"，如： The old man felt lonely. alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的"，如： He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.
　　?
　　long ?
　　［误］ I have been studying long for the exam.?
　　［正］ I have been studying for a long time for the exam.?
　　［析］ long用作表达时间的副词时，在否定句及疑问句中最常用，但在肯定句中除与so, too, as…as连用外，一般要用for a long time.?
　　［误］ I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.?
　　［正］ I'll call you as long as the book is returned.?
　　［析］ as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。?
　　［误］ How long do you go to see your parents Once a week.?
　　［正］ How often do you go to see your parents Once a week.?
　　［析］ 因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率，要用how often.
　　?
　　look ?
　　look for find ?
　　look for 侧重于 "寻找"这个动作，如： What are you looking for 而find则侧重于结果，如： It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for，因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。?
　　其他用法还有：?
　　［例］ He often looks back on his high?school days.?
　　［析］ look back on something 为"回顾"、"回想"。?
　　［例］ I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.?
　　［析］ look down on (upon) 为"看不起"某人或某事。?
　　［误］ I'm looking forward to see you.?
　　［正］ I'm looking forward to seeing you.?
　　［析］ look forward to词组中的to是介词，所以其后要加名词或动名词，不能接不定式。?
　　lot ?
　　［误］ I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.?
　　［正］ I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.?
　　［析］ much money多用于疑问句与否定句中，而在肯定句中要用a lot of.?lots of与a lot of之间无多大区别，两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，所以常常可以互换。?
　　［误］ He is more happier now.?
　　［正］ He is a lot happier now.?
　　［析］ 不可用more来修饰比较级，能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。?
　　loud loudly ?
　　这两个词含意相同，在日常用语中loud多与talk，speak, shout, laugh等动词连用，如：Don't speak so loud， you'll wake the baby. 而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.?
　　loud aloud ?
　　loud多指把声音放大，而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如：?-What did you say ?-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. (我只不过自言自语。)?