2011中考英语词汇专题14：错题本 （S字母篇）

2012中考英语词汇专题14：错题本 （S字母篇）
错题本（s字母篇）
safe
　　［误］ The brave man safed the boy from drowning.?
　　［正］ The brave man saved the boy from drowning.?
　　［析］ safe是形容词，如： They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词，如： The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名词，如： safety island(安全岛)，Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是动词。
　　same ?
　　［误］ Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.?
　　［正］ Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.?
　　［析］ the same that意为"即是"，而the same as才能译为"像……一样的。"?
　　［误］ Your book is not same as mine.?
　　［正］ Your book is not the same as mine.?
　　［析］ the same as中的定冠词不能少。
　　say ?
　　［误］ His report wrote she is nineteen.?
　　［正］ His report says she is nineteen.?
　　［析］ 中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到"，这样的"写"在英文中要用say.?
　　say speak talk tell
　　?
　　英文中"说"一般有四个词，其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语，如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的，如： Please speak English. 请看下句： He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.?
　　sea ?
　　［误］ As a boy his great ambition(抱负) was to go to the sea.?
　　［正］ As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.?
　　［析］ go to sea为"去当水手、海员"；而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如： He want to go to the sea for his vacation.?
　　在"海中"游泳为in the sea; at sea为在"海上航行"，如： I have a brother at sea. by sea为"坐船"、"由海路运输"，如： We travelled to New York by sea.?
　　second ?
　　［误］ I want to learn the second foreign language.?
　　［正］ I want to learn a second foreign language.?
　　［析］ 当作为"第二"外语，"再增加一个"时，不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调排队的次序，a second强调再增加一个。?
　　see ?
　　［误］ He was seen leave the room.?
　　［正］ He was seen to leave the room.?
　　［析］ see作主动态时用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被动态时则是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意惯用法let me see(让我想想)。?
　　sheep ?
　　［误］ There are five sheeps on the grass.?
　　［正］ There are five sheep on the grass.?
　　［析］ sheep是单、复数同形名词，其他的还有： deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)等。?
　　ship ?
　　［误］ I travelled on a yacht.?
　　［正］ I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).?
　　［析］ 虽然都是船，但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.?
　　sick ?
　　［误］ The little boy was a ill boy.?
　　［正］ The little boy was a sick boy.?
　　［析］ sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意，如： He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都对，但作定语时则只能用sick.?
　　since ?
　　［误］ He is living in Greece since 1978.?
　　［正］ He has lived in Greece since 1978.?
　　［正］ He has been living in Greece since 1978.?
　　［析］
　　由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何，主句要用完成时或完成进行时。 ?
　　［误］ She has been quite different since came back from America.?
　　［正］ She has been quite different since coming back from America.?
　　［析］ 分词短语可以用在after, before, since等介词后面。?
　　sleep ?
　　［误］ The boy was very asleep.?
　　［正］ The boy was fast asleep.?
　　［析］ 熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常讲He's asleep. 其形容词sleepy是"困倦的"，如： I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. "卧铺"英国人讲sleeping car，而美国人讲sleeper.?
　　slow ?
　　［误］ Slow the door opened.?
　　［正］ Slowly the door opened.?
　　［析］ slow与slowly的用法与意思相同，在口语中和路标中多用slow，如： Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.?
　　smile ?
　　［误］ She smiled to me.?
　　［正］ She smiled at me.?
　　［析］ "冲着某人笑"应为to smile at somebody.?
　　so ?
　　［误］ It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.?
　　［正］ It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.?
　　［正］ It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.?
　　［析］ 关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况： ① 用于单数可数名词之前，其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词"，而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。② 用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前，只能用 such，如： It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容词时只能用so，如： It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如： I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.?
　　［误］ He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.?
　　［正］ He got up early so as to catch the first bus.?
　　［正］ He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.?
　　［正］ He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.?
　　some
　　?
　　［误］ Do you have some lessone to prepare ?
　　［正］ Do you have any lessons to prepare ?
　　［析］ 在疑问句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中，如： I have some money to buy it.?
　　在请求，或真心希望得到肯定答复时，在疑问句中也要用some，如： Would you like something to drink 即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如： Could you lend me some money 即真心想要借到钱。?
　　sometime ?
　　［误］ I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.?
　　［正］ I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.?
　　sometime sometimes some times sometime ?
　　sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天"，如： We'll meet again sometime next year. 或过去的"某一时刻"，如： I saw her sometime in July. sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常"，如： Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times为"若干次"，如： I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time则是"一段时间"、"一些时候"，如： I want to leave some time.?
　　soon ?
　　［误］ The room as soon as became crowded.?
　　［正］ The room soon became crowded.?
　　［析］ soon为"不久"、"很快"，如： I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意为"一……就……"，如： As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.?
　　sound ?
　　［误］ The report sounds well.?
　　［正］ The report sounds good.?
　　［析］ sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词，如： How sweet the music sounds!?
　　sport ?
　　［误］ Are you going to run in the school sprot ?
　　［正］ Are you going to run in the school sprots ?
　　［析］ sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动，如： Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.?
　　spring ?
　　［误］ I'll visit America in this spring.?
　　［正］ I'll visit America in spring.?
　　［正］ I'll visit America this spring.?
　　［析］ 英语一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等词，则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同： He told me that she did it on the next day. 这时是指过去某一天的第二天，所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为I'll do it next day.?
　　start ?
　　［误］ What time will you start to San Francisco ?
　　［正］ What time will you start for San Francisco ?
　　［析］ start与leave一样，其后接"for+目的地"。?
　　begin start ?
　　begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思，如： We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下场合则不能用begin: ① 作为"启程"讲，如： I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示"开始工作"，如： The car won't start. (车子发动不起来。) ③ 作为"开动"、"启动"讲，如： Do you know how to start this machine.?
　　still ?
　　［误］ Oh, it is still raining now.?
　　［正］ Oh, it is still raining.?
　　［析］ 因still即包含有现在仍然如何，所以now是多余词。?
　　still yet already ?
　　still一般与动词连用，可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续，特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如： I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末，用在疑问句与否定句中。如： Has the postman come yet already则与动词连用，可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早，如： I've already finished my homework.?
　　stop ?
　　［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.?
　　［正］ When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.?
　　［析］ stop to do something是"停下来去做某事"，而stop doing something是"停止做某事"。?
　　street ?
　　［误］ There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.?
　　［正］ There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.?
　　［析］ street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道"，而road多指乡间的"路"。?
　　strict ?
　　［误］ You ought to be strict to him.?
　　［正］ You ought to be strict with him.?
　　［析］ be strict with是"对……严格的"。?
　　such ?
　　［误］ Do you want to have such a dictionary ?
　　［正］ Do you want to have such a good dictionary ?
　　［正］ Do you want to have a dictionary like that ?
　　［析］ such作加强语气时一般是"such+(冠词)形容词+名词"，如： It's such a good book. 但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意"，如： I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。?
　　sure ?
　　［误］ I am quite sure for that answer.?
　　［正］ I am quite sure of that answer.?
　　［析］ sure用于句中表示"对……事有确实把握"时应跟of或about，而不跟for，如： I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.?
　　sweet ?
　　［误］ Honey tastes sweetly.?
　　［正］ Honey tastes sweet.?
　　［析］ sweet可以作为名词，意为"糖果"，是可数名词，如： May I have a sweet 作形容词，如： The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly为副词，意为"甜美地"、"悦耳地"。要注意taste为感观动词，其后面要接形容词而不是副词。?