2012中考英语名师讲堂02:
(接上讲)
want
need to be done/doing
require
口诀:主语为物,后接to be done或者主动doing。
例①:The classroom needs cleaning/to be cleaned.(这间教室需要打扫一下。)
例②:The watch needs fixing/to be fixed.(这块手表需要修理一下。)
(5)不定式作宾语补足语:
hope:hope to do/ hope that …从句
<1> 表示“希望”的三种形式: wish:虚拟语气结构
expect:跟that从句,expect to do,expect sb. to do
口诀:看到hope绝不选。(没有hope sb. to do的结构)
<2> v.+ sb.+ to do的结构:
tell let
ask + sb. + to do sth. 但是: make +sb. + do sth.
order have
<3> 感官动词(“七窍动词”)see, watch, notice, observe, smell, hear, feel+ sb. + do sth.
例①:I often hear a mad guy sing upstairs every midnight.
(我经常听到一个疯子在楼上每天半夜唱歌。)
例②:I often see Tom’s father drive Tom to school every morning.
(我经常看到汤姆的爸爸每天早上开车子送汤姆去学校。)
(6)不定式作主语补足语:
被动的概念:“反宾为主”。
结构:“七窍动词”被动+ to do:sb. be seen/ heard/ noticed/ observed+ to do sth.
例①:The mad man is often heard to sing upstairs every midnight.
(每天晚上那个疯子在楼上唱歌的歌声经常会被听到。)
例②:Robert is noticed to do the homework for Mary.
(罗伯特被查出来替玛丽做作业。)
练习:1. 汤姆被告知要及时订正他的错误。
Tom was told to correct the mistakes in time.
2. 所有的士兵被命令全体立正。
All the soldiers were ordered to stand attention.
3. 有人经常看到三班的学生经常照顾老年人。
The students in Class Three are often noticed/ seen to look after/ take care of the old.
(7)不定式作状语:
<1> 目的状语:in order to/ so as to,so as to 不能放在句首。
否定形式:so as not to/ in order not to
口诀:not位置最前方:not to do, not to be done…
<2> 结果状语:too… to… , enough to, only to do
(i)too…to…结构找介词,往往后方的动词是不及物动词。
例①:The chair is too dirty to sit on.(这个椅子太脏了,不能坐上去。)
例②:The room is too dirty to live in.(这间房间太脏了,人不能住进去。)
听力考点:too…to…结构除了表示否定,还表示“肯定的概念”。
例①:The fans are too anxious to know the result of the game.(球迷们急于知道比赛的结果。)
例②:They are too excited to jump.(他们激动地跳了起来。)
(ii)enough to结构:放在形容词或副词后方。
例①:The children are too young to ride in the street.(改写成enough to结构)
→The children are not old enough to ride in the street.
(iii)only to do 表示“出乎意料做某事”
only doing 表示“某事在意料之中”
例①:Tom hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had already gone.
(汤姆急匆匆的感到火车站,最终发现火车已经发走了。)【意料之外】
例②:Yesterday I went to visit my middle school teacher, only to be told he had gone to America.
(昨天我去拜访我的中学老师,最终被告知他已经去美国了。)【意料之外】
例③:The police telephoned Tom that his home had been broken into. Tom hurried back home, only finding everything flying.(警方给汤姆打电话说他家里已经被盗,汤姆急忙回家,发现所有的东西都不见了。)【意料之中(有“警方告知家中被盗”的背景)】
例④:Tom rushed into the nearest supermarket, just to find a shelter from the rain.
(汤姆冲进最近的超市,只是要找一个避雨的地方。)
总结:only to do:不曾意料,出乎意外地…
only doing:意料之中,不出所料…
just to do:就是为了做(目的状语)