初中英语语法解析---直接引语间接引语

(共22张PPT)
I am the king of the whole world.
What does the lion say
直接引语和间接引语
引语的概念
1.直接引述别人的原话，叫 _________;
直接引语
2.用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________。
间接引语
3.直接引语通常都用____________括起来，
引号“ ”
间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 ________。
宾语从句
一、直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语　等相应变化.
１、人称的变化
口诀 说　明 直接引语 间接引语
一
随
主
二随宾
第三
人称
不变
引号内的第一人
称变间引后与主
句主语的人称保
持一致
引号内的第二人
称变间引后与主
句宾语的人称保
持一致
引号内的第三人
称在变间引后人
称不变
She said,“ I like
Tennis.”
She said that she
liked tennis.
He said to Lily,
“ You must get
up early.”
He told Lily that
she must get up
early.
She said to me ,
“ They want to
help him.”
She told me that
they wanted to
help him.
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”
The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.
注: 直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.
时态变化
2
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
时 间 状 语
地点状语
方向性动词
this,
that,
these
those
now,
then,
today
that day
this week
that week
yesterday
the day before
last week
the week before
four days ago
four days before
the day before yesterday
two days before
tomorrow
the next day
next month
the next month
here
there
come,
go,
bring
take
情态动词
can, may, must
could,might,had to
二、直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。
1.直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词 if 或 whether 连接。
2.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。
三、直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动词的宾语。
注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.
解题步骤:
1.陈述句
“I don’t like computers,” Sandy said.
Sandy said
that
I don’t like
computers.
said
didn’t
she
Sandy said that she didn’t like computers.
2.一般疑问句:
Is it easy to work out the problem
( They asked him )
They asked him
if
It is easy to work out the problem.
it is easy to work out the problem.
asked
is
was
They asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.
3.特殊疑问句：
They asked him,“When do you finish your homework ”
They asked him
when
you finish your homework
you finish your homework
he
finished
They asked him when he finished his homework.
4.祈使句
“Little boy, put on your coat.” They asked.
They asked
Little boy
Little boy, put on your coat.
put on your coat.
to put
They asked the little boy to put on his coat.
his
直接引语变间接引语
1.She said, “I like singing. ”
2.She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”
3.She said, “I visited Europe last year.”
4.She said, “I have never met an American.”
5.She said, “I will see you next week.”
She said she liked singing.
She said she was waiting for a bus.
She said she had visited Europe the year before.
She said she had never met an American.
She said she would see me the next week.
6.She asked me, “Have you seen the film ”
She asked me whether\if I had seen the film.
8.He asked, “Are you a doctor, John ”
He asked John if\whether he was a doctor.
7.She asked us, “Where are you going to get off ”
She asked us where we were going to get off.
9.He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday ”
He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.
10.The teacher said to the boy ,”Open the window .”
The teacher told the boy to open the window.
11.“Don’t do that again,” the teacher said．
The teacher told me not to do that again．
12.“Wait a moment．” she said to them.
She asked them to wait a moment .
注意事项
人称的变化
2. 时态的变化
3. 时间/地点状语的变化
标点符号的变化
5. 大小写的变化
6. 语序的变化--疑问改陈述
7. 宾语从句引导词的选择
8. 祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述
Exercises :
1. Betty says to Harry," I want to borrow your book.”
2.My teacher said , “she is a good student.”
Betty says to Harry (that) she wants to
borrow his Book.
My teacher said that she was a good student.
3. She asked me,” Do you agree with me ”
4. Anne asked her mother, “Is there any
food to eat ”
She asked me if I agreed with her.
Anne asked her mother if there was any
food to eat.
5. “ What are you going to do ” he asked.
6.“How do you go to school every day ” asked Mr. Zhang.
He asked me what I was going to do.
Mr. Zhang asked how I went to school
everyday.
7. Mom said,“ Don‘t chat with strangers．”
8.“ Go shopping with me, please ” said Mr. Wang .
Mom told me not to chat with strangers.
Mr. Wang asked me to go shopping with
him.