专题 定语从句讲义 2021届中考英语一轮复习语法专题（含答案）

定语从句

1. The meeting {that you have missed yesterday} was very important.
2. The girl {who is making a speech right now} is our monitor.
The vase {that I broke yesterday} was very expensive.
The boy {who helped you yesterday} is my neighbour.
That's just the topic {that I'm very interested in}.
He is just the boss{ who gave me that valuable opportunity}.
7. I like the cake {which you bought yesterday}.
He is the teacher {who helped me}.
We all like that speaker {who is very humorous}.
The old lady {whose two daughters are both teachers }is our neighbour.
什么是定语从句？
基本定义：在复合从句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句，一般译为“......的”；
两个基本概念：先行词 和 关系词；
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：连接被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）和从句。
关系词在定语从句中的作用：① 语法上的连接作用; ② 要在从句中充当成分（主语，宾语，表语和状语等）
定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句
形式上区分：非限制性定语从句前会有逗号隔开，且that 不能充当非限制性定语从句的关系词；
功能上的区别：非限制性定语从句：不起修饰区 别作用（补充作用）；限制性定语从句：对句子起到修饰限制的作用，缺失则句子不完整。
1979295243840

关系词的分类 指人（who/whom)
905510102235
关系代词
指物（which）
【关系词】
既可指人又可指物 （that，whose，as)
关系副词（when，where，why）
关系代词的用法
【Who/whom 的用法】
两者都用于指人。Who 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，但从句中的介词提前时不能用who；whom在定语从句中作宾语。
Eg：A doctor is a person {who looks after people ’ s health.}
She is the girl {whom I met at the party.}
He is the man who/whom I talked to you about.
===He is the man about whom I talked to you.
【which的用法】
Which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，偶尔作定语。
Eg：This is an old computer {which works much slower.}
【that的用法】
That 一般指人或者指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或者表语。当that在定语从句中作宾语或者表语时，that 可以省略。但是作介词宾语时，介词不可以提到that前面。
Eg：This is an old computer {that works much slower.}
It is the most important task { that should be finished soon.}
【that/which 用法辨析】
使用that的情况：
1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。
e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
e.g. I have some books that are very good.
当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.
当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物。
China is no longer the country that she was.
如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that 。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
在there be句型中,只用that。
He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.
当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
当先行词又有人又有物时。
e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
使用which的情况
非限制性定语从句中。
e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious.
在介词之后。
e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.
3. 当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
【as/whose的用法】
As 引导定语从句时常出现于 the same...as..., such...as...,as...as..., so...as...结构以及非限制性定语从句中。As 引导的定语从句常用于省略形式，在从句中既可指人，指物也可指整个句子。
Whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中做定语，修饰从句中的某一词。
Eg：You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.
【关系代词的省略】①当关系代词在从句中做宾语或者表语时，可以省略。
Eg：I have been to the city twice (that/which) you just visited.
After a score of years, Johnson is not the naughty boy (who/that) he used to be.
②关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在从句的句尾时可以省略。
Eg：This is the car key（that/which）you’ve been looking for.
Generation gap is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.
③ 主句以there be 开头时，很多时候关系代词可以省略，即使关系代词在从句中作主语。
关系副词的用法
【where的用法】
Where代指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。可有in which， on which，at which， to which等结构代替。
Eg：Potato can be grown in places {where (==in which) it ’ s too cold to grow rice.}
【when的用法】
When代指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。此时常可用in which， on which，at which， during which等代替。
Eg：I shall never forget the days {when（== on which ）we worked on the farm.}
His father died the year {when he was born.}
【why的用法】
Why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语，可以用for which 代替，先行词通常为 reason。Why 不可引导非限制性定语从句。
Eg：Can you tell me the reason {why (==for which) the car broke down.}
【练习】
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. where B. when C. which D. how
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
6. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when B. that C. what D. which
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. When B. where C. which D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
A. which B. where C. When D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China ’s vast countryside.
A. as B. when C. until D. before
11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China . We must unify it.
A. It B. As C. Which D. What
12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that
13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.
A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which
14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
A. that B. what C. which D. as
15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes
C. all their homes D. all of their homes
16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who B. when C. on which D. which
17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.
A. when B. that C. who D. where
19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.
A. that B. as C. which D. and
20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.
A. that B. this C. which D. same