专题 冠词 2021届中考英语一轮复习语法专题（含答案）

冠词
0147320
【不定冠词】
不定冠词a/an与one同源，表示微弱的“一”的概念，但并不强调数目，只表示名词为不特定者。a用于辅音音素前，一般弱读为[ ]，在强调时才重读为[ei]; an用于元音音素前[an]，一般弱读为[], 在强调时才重读为 [aen]。
a European country 一个欧洲国家 a university一所大学
a useful book 一本有用的书
an honest boy一个诚实的男孩 an hour一小时
university中的读作[jo」， European中的eu读作[jo 」，皆以半元音开头，故而不用an。
表示同类中的任何一个
3175016510
这种用法是用具有相同特点的同类人或事物中的任何一个来泛指一类人或事物
Eg： A doctor is a person who saves people’ life. 医生就是拯救人们生命的人
Have you got a pen? I want to sign my name here.你有钢笔吗?我想在这里签名。
泛指同类中的某一个
Eg: I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.
今天我在赶去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。
My father bought me a nice present，but I don’t know what it is.
我爸爸给我买了一件很棒的礼物，可我不知道是什么。
表示微弱的“一”的概念
Eg：A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. (一鸟在手胜于林中两鸟）
I would like a cup of coffee and a tomato.
There is going to be an English lecture tomorrow.
045720
[a/an与one 的用法区别]
196850151130A/an在意义上接近one，可译作“一”，但数量概念较弱; one则强调数量概念，表示是“一个”，而不是其他数目。
Eg：Let's go to a Chinese restaurant. 让我们去一家中餐馆吧。
Is one pen enough？一支钢笔就够了吗？
----No，at least three. 不够，至少三支。
A/an在意义上接近one，可译作“一”，但数量概念较弱; one则强调数量概念，表示是“一个”，而不是其他数目。
Eg：Let's go to a Chinese restaurant. 让我们去一家中餐馆吧。
Is one pen enough？一支钢笔就够了吗？
----No，at least three. 不够，至少三支。
表示“相同的”，与 the same 同义
-1270026035
【不定冠词的这种用法常与of搭配，构成“of+a/an+名词”，表示具有同样大小、长短、高度、宽度、年龄、特征、颜色、形状等。】
Eg：Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。
We are all of an age. 我们都是同龄人。
表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍等。
Eg：He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. 他业余时间研究法律，成了法律。
My foreign teacher is a Canadian. 我的外语教师是加拿大人。
表示单位量词的“每”
Eg：Take three pills a day and you’ll get better soon. 每天吃三片药，你很快就会好的。
The apples are sold at three yuan a kilo. 苹果是每公斤3元。
用于视为整体的集体名词前
Eg：I was put in a large class this term. 这个学期我被编入一个大班。
John Smith has a happy family. 约翰史密斯有一个幸福的家庭。
用于表示“一......”之意的物质名词前
【物质名词如coffee，food，tea，fruit，fog，rain， snow，wind等，在表示“一种、一杯、一场”等之义时，前面常加不定冠词】
Eg：A heavy rain fell yesterday.
I would like a coffee and two peers.
用于表示具体意义的抽象名词前

2540019050
【抽象名词如danger，beauty，failure，pity，surprise，success，pleasure等表示具体的人或事时，前面可用a/an。】
Eg：They regard overpopulation as a danger to society.
The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was a great success.
Music is really a great pleasure.
用于表示具有某种特性的人或物或不确定时间的专有名词前。
508007620
【用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人类似性质的人。】

Eg：A John called during your absence.
I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.
I want to be a Xu Beihong when I grow up.
用于表述某一部分或某一方面概念的不可数名词前

635034290
【不可数名词education，history，knowledge，population，time，world等，在表述其某一部分或某一方面概念时，前面常加不定冠词。】
Eg：China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
He was brought up in a rich family and received a good education.
用于部分固定的动词短语中

1270019050
【具有动作意义的名词在于动词have，take，make，give，let out等构成动词短语时表示一种短暂性的动作。】
Eg：have a look/walk/break/try/bath/swim
Take a rest/ walk/break/bath
Make a choice/decision/plan/study
【练习】
As we know, France is _______ European country and Singapore is _______Asian country.
an；an B. an；a C. a；a D. a；an
—Have you seen the movie Amazing China？
—Yes. It's______exciting documentary．
a B. the C. an D. /
I want to be ______ engineer when I grow up.
a B. an C. / D. the
12700149225
【定冠词】
-1524069215
定冠词the与this/that/these/those同源，用在名词之前常表示特指，在辅音音素前读[ ], 在元音音素前或强调时读作[ ], 意为“这，那，这些，那些”等。
用于上文提到过的特定的人或事物
Eg：He bought a car last week. The car is very cool.
I went to a nearby restaurant. The food there was good, but the service of the restaurant was terrible.
I have been staying here for two weeks. The two weeks has been wonderful.

32766056515

49847595885定冠词the用法巧记
特指、重提和唯一， 岛屿、海峡和海湾，海洋、党派、最高级，
沙漠、河流与群山， 方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关，
船名、建筑和组织， 会议、条约与报刊，姓氏复数，国全名。
定冠词the用法巧记
特指、重提和唯一， 岛屿、海峡和海湾，海洋、党派、最高级，
沙漠、河流与群山， 方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关，
船名、建筑和组织， 会议、条约与报刊，姓氏复数，国全名。
表示谈话双方都熟知的人或事物
Eg：Open the door, please.
Would you mind turning down the radio a little? A baby is sleeping.
Shut the windows before you leave the baby.
表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物的名词前
the sun 太阳 the earth 地球 the moon 月亮
Eg：The earth moves round the sun.
用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇俩”。
Eg：The Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.
格林一家人正在为即将来临的感恩节做准备。
The Brown are all living in China.
布朗一家都住在中国。
用于某些形容词前，结合起来相当于名词，表示一类人或事物。
Eg：The young should show respect for the old.
Do you know who invented the computer？
用于单数名词前，表示某类属的全体；用于集体名词前表示复数概念
Eg：Do you know who invented the computer？
The telephone was invented in 1876.
The museum is open to the public.
The people in this country are kind and ready to help.
用在序数词、表示特指的比较级和最高级前。
Eg：Columbus?is?the first?to discover?America.
哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。
Math is the most difficult subject and English is the easiest，I think.
【注意：序数词前面也可用不定冠词，但意义与用定冠词不同，表示“再，又”。】
Eg：I have failed twice，but I’ll try a third time.
我失败两次了，但我还要再试一次。
用于演奏西洋乐器时，play + the+乐器。
Eg：She can play the piano.
Shall we dance to the guitar？
用于专有名词前。用于江河，海洋，山脉等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the Analects 论语
the Yellow River 黄河 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Silk Road 丝绸之路
用于某些固定短语中。
all the time 一直 in the morning 在上午
by the way 顺便说下 all over the world 全世界
at the age of 在……岁时 on the way to 去……的路上
at the same time 同时 on the top of 在……的顶部
all the best 一切顺利 on the other hand 在另一方面
用于固定结构“动词+sb.+介词+the+某一部位”
Eg：The teacher patted the child on the shoulder and encouraged him to answer.
A stone hit me in the face as I walked by the garden.
【常见的此类动词：take，catch，hold，seize，pull，hit，cut，strike，pat，lead等；常见的介词：by，on，in等】
用于“by+the+计量单位名词”结构
By the pound 按磅 by the foot/yard 按英尺/英码
By the hour/day/week/year 按时/天/周/年
25400187325
【不用冠词（零冠词）的情况】
大多数的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前
Eg：Money is not everything. 金钱不是万能的.
Music can bring people pleasure.
Philip has lived in China for years.
表示类别或泛指的复数名词前
Eg：Young people like to read books.
Tigers sometimes can be very kind.
表示星期、节日、日期、月份、季节等的名词前
Eg：January 1 is New Year’s Day.
I have visited many cities since September 2003.
Spring is the best season of the year.
【注意：当谈论具体的季节或日期时时常用定冠词，以festival 组成的中国传统节日前也要加定冠词the。
Eg：My sister was born in the summer of the year 1998.】
三餐，球类运动，学科，语言名词前
Eg：What do you usually have for lunch？
Do you like to play football or baseball？
I like physic though it’s a bit difficult.
English is one of the most important languages.
【注意：当表示语言的词语后面加上language一词时，其前面需要加定冠词the。
Eg：The Chinese language is spoken by the largest number of people.】
称呼语以及表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、补语、同位语
Eg：Mr Smith，head of the group，will plan for the whole trip.
Wendy was made monitor for this month.
Doctor, I’m not feeling myself today.
名词前已有指示代词，物主代词，所有格等限定词时
Eg：This is my address. Let’s keep in touch.
I’d like some books about cars and toys.
Bill’s camera is like mine.
不可数名词前不用不定冠词
advice 建议 baggage 行李 bread 面包
change 零钱 furniture 家具 money钱
information信息 luggage行李 homework家庭作业
news新闻 progress 进步 traffic交通
energy能量 equipment 仪器 fun乐趣
health健康 ice冰 wealth 财富
14351094615
651510130175At table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁
At school 上学 at the school 在学校
By day 白天 by the day 按日计算
In charge of 掌管 in the charge of 在......掌管之中
Out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能
Go to church/college/hospital/prison/school
Go to the church/college/hospital/prison/school
At table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁
At school 上学 at the school 在学校
By day 白天 by the day 按日计算
In charge of 掌管 in the charge of 在......掌管之中
Out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能
Go to church/college/hospital/prison/school
Go to the church/college/hospital/prison/school
【综合练习】
It’s______ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them_____ pleasure.
A.不填;a B.a:不填 C. the: a D. a: the
2. Everything comes with ______ price; there is no such _______ thing as a free lunch in the world.
A. a: a B. the C. the: a D.a;/
3. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ______ second chance to make ______ first impression.
A. a: the B. the: the C. a: a D. the: a
In ______ most countries, a university degree can give you _____ flying start in life.(四川)
A. the: a B.the;不填 C.不填;不填 D.不填;a
5. If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we'll have_____ better view.
A.不填;the B.不填;a C. the. A D the: the
6. There are over 58,000 rocky objects in______space, about 900 of which could fall down onto_____ earth
A the: the B.不填;the C.the;不填 D. a: the
7. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______people from all walks of walks of life are Working hard for_____new Jiangsu.
A.不填;a B.不填;the C the: a D. the: the
【答案】BDCDCBA