专题 非谓语动词讲义 2021届中考英语一轮复习语法专题（含答案）

非谓语动词
英语非谓语动词也称“非限定动词”，在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
动词不定式
构成形式：to+动词原形；否定形式：not to+动词原形；无人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化。
成分：主语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语和表语。
作主语
①不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词之后，用it作形式主语
Eg： It is right to give up smoking.
②不定式作主语时往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作
Eg：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
作宾语
不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语
Eg：I find it interesting to study history.
注：有些动词后面只能用动词不定式作宾语，如decide， plan，desire，expect，hope，wish，pretend，promise，refuse，afford，argue，ask，fail，tend，manage
决定想做，计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事。迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事。
作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Eg：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
Eg：He asked me to do the work with him.
作定语
①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词。
Eg：He is looking for a room to live in.
②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，有时也可以用主动形式表示被动含义。
比较：
Do you have anything to send？（to send 的动作执行者是“你”）
Do you have anything to be sent？你有什么要我寄的东西吗？（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或别人）
③ only，first，last，next及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作后置定语。
Eg：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday？
作状语（表示原因，结果，条件或目的）
Eg： We’re glad to meet you here. （原因）
He is too tired to work on. （结果）
Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter. (目的）
作表语（位于系动词之后，补充说明主语）
Eg：My job is to help the patient.
动词不定式的时态和语态
时态：一般时、进行时和完成时
语态：主动和被动
动词不定式的时态
不定式的一般时表示的动作与主要谓语动词所表示的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或发生在主要谓语动作之后。
Eg： We’re glad to meet you here.
不定式的进行时表示动作与谓语的动作同时发生而且正在进行。
Eg：I am glad to be talking with you.
（3）不定式的完成时表示动作发生在主要谓语动作或特定的时间之前。
Eg：He is said to have left Shanghai.
动词不定式的被动语态
不定式的一般被动式为to be done，表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者。不定式的完成被动式为to have been done，表示不定式动作发生在谓语之前。
Eg：The house needs to be repaired.
These books are said to have been given to students.
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（ 注）不定式的主动形式在以下几种情况中可以表示被动意义：
She has a meeting to attend.
I’ll give him some books to read.
I found the fellow hard to get along with.
The question is what to do next.
There is a lot of work to do.
This is a hard question to answer.
动名词
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词性质的非限定动词。
构成：由“动词原形+ing”构成。
成分：主语，表语，宾语
作主语
①动名词作主语往往表示经常性，习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。
Eg：Painting is his hobby.
②动名词作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。
Eg：It is no use talking without doing.
作表语
动名词作表语用来对主语的内容做进一步解释说明。
Eg：My favorite sport is swimming.
作宾语
①英语中有些及物动词只能接动名词形式作宾语，例如：enjoy，mind，miss，escape，practise，suggest，keep，avoid，finish等；
②用动名词作宾语，而用不定式作宾补的动词有advise，allow，permit，encourage等；
③有些动词既可用不定式也可用动名词作宾语。但意义上有差别，例如：try，remember，forget，stop，regret，learn，go on等；
④某些固定的词组后接动名词作宾语，例如：can't help，give up，feel like，keep on等；
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Used to do 过去常常做某事/ be(get)used to doing 习惯于做某事
分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词通常暗含有主动和进行两个概念；过去分词通常暗含有被动和完成两个概念。
构成：
现在分词----动词原形+ing
过去分词----动词原形+ed
成分：表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语
作表语
分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的特征。
Eg：The movie we saw yesterday was really moving.
They were very excited on hearing the news.
作定语
分词前置
Eg：an understanding man
A developing country
Smoked fish
A developed country

分词后置相当于定语从句的省略，但要注意不是所有的定语从句都能用分词代替，关键在于定语从句的时态。
Eg： The girl sitting in that corner is a good singer.
The proposal made by him will be discussed.
注意：过去分词作定语含有被动和完成的概念，即分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，因此不是所有被动语态的定语从句都可省略成过去分词；eg： Do you know the name of the book which will be written by our teacher？
作状语
分词作状语实际上就是一个并列句或状语从句的省略，并对句子稍作改动。
Eg：Being a clever boy，he studies very well.== (As a clever boy, he studies very well.)
作宾语补足语
感官动词或感觉动词 hear，see，watch，observe等词后可用现在分词作宾补。
另外catch，discover，find，get，have等动词后可用现在分词作宾补。
Eg：I heard someone knocking at the door.（我听到有人正在敲门。强调进行）
I heard someone knock at the door. （强调有这么回事）
She caught me smoking again.
He had the light burning all night.
分词的时态和语态
四．练习题
( )1.European football is played in 80 countries ,______it the most popular sport in the world
A. making B, makes C. made D to make
( )2The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year .
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
( )3.The purpose of new technologies in to make life easier, _______it more difficult.
A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make
( )4.I’ve worked with children before ,so I know what ______in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
( )5.A computer does only what thinking people _______.
A. have it to B. nave it done C. have done it D. having it done
( )7.What worried the child most was ____to visit his mother in the hospital .
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
( ) 8.Cleaning woman in big cities usually get ______by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
( )9.They are not very good, but we like_______.
anyway to play basketball with them
to play basketball with them anyway
to play with them basketball anyway
with them to play basketball anyway
( )10 He sent me an e-mail ,_______to get further information.
Hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
( )11._____is 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being rounded B it was founded C. Founded D. Founding
( )12.The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake.
Missing, playing B. missing, play C. missed ,played D . missed ,to play
( )13.Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D not having been invited
( )14.-Do your brother intend to study German?
Yes ,he intends ________.
A. / B. to C. so D. that
( )15.He claimed _______in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
being badly treated B. treating badly
C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated
( )16.To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule________.
to never B. never to be broken
C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking
( )17.She asked me to help her, _____that she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase alone
A. only to realize B. realizing C. having been realized D. realized
( )18.Robert is said _______abroad, but I don’t know country be studied in .
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be study D to have been studying
( )19.-Let me tell you something about the journalists.
Don’t you remember ______me the story yesterday?
told B. telling C .to tell D. to have told
( )20.There are five pairs ______,but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A.to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
( )21-Mum ,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
-______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be going
( )22 .The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the_____.
A.20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining20 dollars
( )23.Will those ____the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?
A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching
( )24.While building a tunnel though the mountains,________.
an underground lake was discovered
there was an underground lake discovered
a lake was discovered underground
the workers discovered an underground lake
( ) 25.I meant ____,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
to do B. to C. doing D doing to
( )26._____more time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
( )27. Do you have any letters ______ today?
-I had my son _______it this morning .Thank you anyway.
A. post , to post B. posting ,post
C. being posting , posted D. to be post ,post
( )28.He went to American _____some English as well as ____.
A. learning ,to travel B. learning, traveling
C. to learn, travel D. to learn ,to travel
( )29.The party was a success ,but we thought it a pity not ______you.
A. to invite B. to be inviting C. to have invited D. to be invited
( )30.When I handed the report to Hohn , he said that George was the person______.
to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
( )31Once your business because international, _____constantly will be part of your life.
A. your fly B. your flight C. fight D. flying
( )32“ Can you read ?”Mary said ____to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
( )33. At first he didn’t mean _______ part, but he couldn’t resist ______a try.
A. to take ,having B. taking, to have
C. to take, to have D. taking, having
( )34.The walls of the rooms are said ___white in no time.
A. to be painted B. painted C. to paint D. having been painted
( )35.We are not _____fools _____believe what he says.
A. such, as B. so, to C. such, who are D. such, as to
( )36.The old man seems ______here for more than twenty years.
A. to be living B. to have lived C. to have been lived D. to live
( )37The explosion sent us ______in all directions.
A.run B. running C to run D. ran
( )38.I regret _____you that we are unable to offer you employment .
A.to have inform B. having inform C. to inform D. informing
( )39.Did you see that boy _______the police over there.
A. questioned B. to be questioned C. being questioned D. questioning
( )40.______everything into consideration ,they ought to be given another chance.
A. Taken B. Taking C. To take D. Having taken
( )41.There’s no need _______.We have got plenty of time.
A. having B. to hurry C. to be hurried D being hurried
( )42.-What’s the chance of there _____an election this year?- I have no idea.
is B .to be C. being D. be
( )43.If _____,the experiment will be successful.
carefully doing B . it done carefully C. carefully done D. doing carefully
( )44.Good care must babies particularly while they are ill.
take B. taken of C. be taken D. be taken of
( )45.Little Franz thought of nothing but ______football .
A.play B. to play C. played D. playing
( )46._____a reply he decided to write again.
Not receiving B. Receiving C. Not having received D. Having not received
( )47.____to someone , a British person often shakes hands with the stranger.
Introducing B. To introduce C. To be introduced D. On being introduced
( )48.With lots of trees and flowers _____here and there, the city looks very beautiful.
A. having planted B. planted C. have been planted D. to be planted
( )49.Paul can’t attend the party ____at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing for the speech at the party _______at Mary’s house tomorrow.
being held, to be held B. to be held ,held
C. held ,being held D. to be held ,to be held
( )50.-Car 17 won the race.- Yes ,but its driver came close to ________.
A. having been killed B. have been killed
C. be killed D. being killed
( )51.The detective,_____to read a newspaper ,glanced at the man ______next to a woman.
A. pretending ,seat B. pretending ,seated
C. pretended, seating D. pretended, seated
( )52.-What made you so angry?-_______.
Tom having been late again B.Tom to be late again
C.Tom’s being late again D. Tom was late again
( )53.-Shall we go swimming? –Ok, I’ll just go and get _______.
A. to change B. changing C. changed D. it changed
( )54.The way he had the problem _____his ability.
setting showed B. settled showing C. settled showed D. settled showing
( )55.______,his eyes fill with tears again.
A. When asked B. On asking C. On being D .When he was asked
参考答案
1-5 ACBDB 6-10 ABCBB 11-15 CADBD 16-20 BBABB 21-25 CDADB 26-30DDDCC 31-35 DAAAD
36-40 BBCCB 41-45 BCCDD 46-50 CDBAA
51-55 BCCCD