专题 动词时态讲义 2021届中考英语一轮复习语法专题（含答案）

时态
动词时态
时态：时间和状态
在现代英语中，时间和状态是分开处理的，时间观念（现在，过去，将来，过去将来）非常简单，状态则麻烦的多，尤其加上主动和被动概念。
71755012731752413000767715692150781050
355600770255 时间
将来
现在
过去
时间
将来
现在
过去
过去将来
状态：
完成进行态
完成态
一般态
进行态
一般过去时
一般现在时
一般将来时
过去将来时
过去进行时
现在进行时
将来进行时
过去将来进行时
过去完成时
现在完成时
将来完成时
过去将来完成时
过去完成进行时
现在完成进行时
将来完成进行时
过去将来完成进行时
完成进行态
完成态
一般态
进行态
一般过去时
一般现在时
一般将来时
过去将来时
过去进行时
现在进行时
将来进行时
过去将来进行时
过去完成时
现在完成时
将来完成时
过去将来完成时
过去完成进行时
现在完成进行时
将来完成进行时
过去将来完成进行时
33782073660一般现在时
一般现在时
1333522860
1构成：一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词有相应的变化外，一律用动词原形。
用法：
①一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态，常与表示频率的时间状语every day，usually，always，often，sometimes，seldom，on/at weekends，never等连用；
Eg：1. I go to school at 7 o'clock every morning.
2.I always go to the park on Sundays.
3. She sometimes goes to the cinema on Sunday.
②表示客观存在以及普遍真理或格言谚语；
Eg：1. Summer follows spring. （春天之后是夏天)
2. Prides goes before a fall. (骄者必败）-------格言谚语
Knowledge is power.
③表示按时间表、计划、规定或安排将要发生的动作；【常用于这种情况的动词有come，go，run，start，begin，return，leave，take place等，句中常有表示将来的时间状语】
Eg：1. The final exam takes place next week.
The train leaves London at six and arrives at Birmingham at eight.
④用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作；------(主将从现）
Eg：1. If it doesn’t rain，we’ll go on a picnic as planned.
When you come across a new word while reading，you’d better not look it up at once.
⑤表示目前存在的情况或状态；
Eg：Here comes the bus.
2. I am a student.
【练习】
On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
Takes B.is taking C.took D.will take
My parents in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
live B.lived C.were living D.will live
Last year, the teacher told us that the sun bigger than the earth.
has been B.was C.is D.will be
She is going to be a nurse when she up.
is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew
He will surely finish the job on time if he to do it in his own way.
is leaving B. will leave C.leaves D.is left
Could you ask him if he to my birthday party next Sunday?
－I will, if I him this afternoon.
A.comes; will meet B. will come; meet C.comes; meet D.will come; will meet
292735106045一般过去时
一般过去时
-1206585725
1.构成：一般过去时谓语动词为该动词的过去式，表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用如 yesterday，last year，last night，the other day，a few years ago，just now等。
2. 用法：
①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
Eg：1. He went to the store yesterday.
He didn't go to the store yesterday.
She looked very well when I last saw her.

83185101600
【注意】：动词过去式的变化规则以及不规则动词过去式变化形式
②描述几个相继发生过的动作：表示在过去特定的时间内一次完成的具有先后顺序的几个动作时，常用过去时，此时一般不出现表示过去的时间状语，需要根据情景判断。
Eg：I got up early，washed my face，had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.
Tom was later. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked carefully to his seat.
381635144780一般将来时
一般将来时
-5715102235
【一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next year，next month，in an hour等。】
构成： ① be going to + 动词原形，表示打算做某事或客观迹象表明即将发生某事（事先有计划或思考过；）
Eg: Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.
I’m going to gather some materials about Picasso.
② will + 动词原形（will 用于第二、三人称，但在现代英语中will也可用于第一人称，表示没有经过计划，临时做出的打算；）
③shall+ 动词原形（用于第一人称）；
Eg: I will/shall see you tomorrow about the new plan.
We will/shall ask Miss Chen for help.
④be to do “按照计划、安排等要做的事情”；这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去完成的事或即将发生的动作；
Eg：The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.
No one is to drive a car without a driving license.
⑤be about to do “即将，马上要做”。表示不久或即将要发生的动作，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。Be about to do...when...是一个常见的句式。
Eg：Don’t go out. We are about to have dinner.
【练习】
The three of us around Europe for about a month last summer.
travelled B. have travelled C.had travelled D.travel
That must have been a long trip. －Yeah,it us a whole week to get there.
A. Takes B. has taken C.took D.was taking
I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
－Oh,how nice! Do you know when she
A. was leaving B.left C.has left D.had left
In the near future, more advances in the robot technology by scientists.
A.are making B. are made C. will make D.will be made
Let's keep to the point or we any decision.
A.will never reach B.have never reached C.never reach D.never reached
6. According to the weather report, it the day after tomorrow.
A.will rain B.is raining C.should rain D.rains
Close the door of fear behind you,and you the door of faith open before you.
A.saw B.have seen C. will see D.are seeing
31242055245过去将来时
过去将来时
1333519685
【过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中】
构成：① would +动词原形；
② was/were going to + 动词原形；
③ was/were to do ；
④was/were about to do ；
Eg: Last week, he promised that he would come, but hasn’t arrived until now.
He said that he would wait for me at the gate.
You were going to give me your address but you didn’t.
The conference on SARS was to be held the next week.
41338583820现在进行时
现在进行时
5143530480
用法：
表示说话时正在进行，尚未完成的动作或状态，这种情况下常与now，at this moment，these days，right now，at present等时间状语连用。
Eg： How are you getting on with your work these days？
表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时该动作不一定正在进行；
Eg：I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation. (这个暑假我在农场帮我爸爸）
We are doing an experiment this month. (我们这个月在做一个实验）
表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复；
Eg：The boy is jumping with great joy at the sight of his mother.
Someone is knocking at the door. It might be the postman.
表示按计划或安排要发生地动作;
Eg: Are you staying in Shanghai for a week?
I am taking my daughter to the Central Park this Sunday.
表示特定的感彩，常与副词always，forever，constantly等连用，表达说话者的某种感彩，或对某一心理的特定描述。
Eg: She is always thinking of others instead of herself.
Why are you always coming late for work? (为什么你总是上班迟到？）
【练习】
－Hi,let's go skating. －Sorry, I'm busy right now. I in an application form for a new job.
fill B.have filled C.am filling D.will fill
2. I'm not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends for us.
A. will wait B.wait C.have waited D.are waiting
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly.
is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change
I hear you in a pub.What's it like? ---Well, it's very hard work and I'm always tired,but I don't mind.
A. are working B.will work C.were working D. will be working
Are you still busy? －Yes,I my work, and it won't take long.
just finish B.am just finishing C.have just finished D. am just going to finish
5.Because the shop all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
A.has closed down B.closed down C.is closing down D.had closed down
34925083820过去进行时
过去进行时
-571529845
构成： were/was+doing; 常与过去进行时连用的时间状语:at that moment(当时）， then（那时），the whole morning（整个上午），last night（昨晚）。
用法：
表示在过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作；
Eg：I was washing the dishes while Mother was clearing away the table.
They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up.
We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon.
用于描写故事情景，或提供故事发生的时间背景；
Eg: It was a dark night and it was snowing heavily.
The fire was burning fiercely. Children were crying. Women were running about and men were trying to put it out.
表示过去将要发生的动作
【表示从过去某一时间角度看将要发生的动作，仅限于come，go， start，leave，stay，arrive等短暂性动词。】
Eg：He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
The doctor said the patient was dying. (医生说病人快死了）
【练习】
I saw that Donald at ten o'clock last night.
was still working B.still worked C.is still working D.still working
It hard when my mother left her office.
was snowing B.is snowing C.will snow D.snows
Shirley a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.
has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing
－Has Sam finished his homework today？
－I have no idea. He it this morning.
did B.has done C.was doing D.had done
30543545720将来进行时
将来进行时
-3746512700
【这种时态往往表示较近的已安排好的事，人们正期待着它的发生。常与this time，tomorrow，at 9 o’clock tomorrow evening, in a minute等】
构成：will/shall be doing
用法：
(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作;
Eg：I can‘t make nine tomorrow. I’ll be having a meeting then.
We’ll be getting started in a minute. So get everything ready.
由客观情况决定事情的正常发展，而不是主观打算。
Eg：When will you be paying me the money？
The president will be visiting us next week.
表示委婉的语气
Eg：What will you be doing this evening？
Will you be having some tea？
Will you be needing anything？
29845074930过去将来进行时
过去将来进行时
698538735
【过去将来进行时表示从过去某一时间看将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表示将来的时间状语连用。过去将来进行时常用于宾语从句、同位语从句、状语从句中。过去将来进行时常表示计划中的事，不表示主观打算或计算。】
基本构成：would be doing
Eg：The interview that I would be going to have made me nervous.
Quincy told me that he would be seeing his parents the next month.
336550129540现在完成时
现在完成时
-18415109220
构成：have/ has +动词过去分词；
用法：
表示过去发生并完成的动作对现在产生的结果或影响；常与already，yet，just，so far，up to，till，until等连用。
Eg: The manager has just left. If only you had come a moment earlier.
We have finished all the work so far.
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，且还可能继续的动作或状态，这种用法常与表示一段时间的状语，如“since+时间点/从句”，“for+时间段”，so far，in the past/last few years等连用。
Eg: I have worked in this company since I graduated.
He has studied German for 6 years.
I have traveled to most of the cities in China since five years ago.
表示“经历过的事”，此时常表示“曾经做过”，这种过去经历或体验仍对现在产生的影响，难以忘怀，常与never，ever，twice，before，since等时状语连用。
Eg: I have read many works by David Henry Lawrence before.
I have never read such a good novel as The Old Man and the Sea.
在时间、条件状语从句中，代替将来完成时。
Eg：I’ll go home as soon as I’ve had the bicycle mended.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. ( 车没停稳不要下去）
We’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
【现在完成时和一般过去时的区别】
现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果和影响，不和确定的过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，不强调对现在产生的影响，常与确定的时间状语连用。
3994155715Eg：I have taught here for fifteen years.
I taught here two years ago.
I have lost my new book.
I lost my new book yesterday.
Eg：I have taught here for fifteen years.
I taught here two years ago.
I have lost my new book.
I lost my new book yesterday.
【练习】
So far,the moon by man already.
A. has been visited B.is visited C.will be visited D.was visited
2. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody them since.
A.sees B.saw C.has seen D.had seen
Shakespeare's play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.
had been made B. was made C.has been made D.would be made
Up to now, the program thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
would save B.saves C.had saved D.has saved

Two nuclear power stations in the past ten years.
are built B. have been built C.would be built D.are building
The opera for several minutes.
had just been on B. has just been on C.had just begun D.has just begun
It three years since I reached a turning point(转折点）which completely changed my outlook on life.
has been B.has C.was D.will be
It's not the first time Beijing this year.
A. that you've visited B.that you visited C. when you've visited D.when you visited

38735147955
39370040640过去完成时
过去完成时
构成：had+动词的过去分词
用法：（类比现在完成时）
表示发生在过去的某一时刻之前且已完成的动作，这种用法中这个过去的时刻常用by，before等构成的介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
Eg：Jane had left before I arrived.
I had just finished half of the work by yesterday.
She already knew the secret but no one had told her.
表示在过去某一时间点之前发生且已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，这种用法常与for/since/before等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用，也可以通过上下文的情景来判断。
Eg：My parents had lived in this city long before 1990.
We arrived at six o’clock, but the concert had been on for an hour.
过去完成时常用于宾语从句和定语从句中
Eg：Barbara told me that she had already met Lisa before.
The rules that had been laid down years before lost their effect last year. ( 几年前就制定的规则去年失效了。）
I found the key that I had lost.
【练习】
I found the lecture hard to follow because it when I arrived.
A. Started B. was starting C.would start D.had started
He more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
has learned B.would have learned C.learned D.had learned
By the end of last week,my brother about 30 new words.
learned B.had learned C.was learning D.learns
By the time Jack returned home from England,his son from college.
graduated B.has graduated C.was graduating D.had graduated
Experiments of this kind in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War.
have conducted B.have been conducted C.had conducted D.had been conducted
32385147320
32766022225将来完成时
将来完成时
构成：will/ shall +have+动词过去分词
Eg：We shall have fulfilled the task by the end of this year.
We’ll have been away from home for a score of years next year.
I shall have studied Japanese for 10 years by the end of next year.
3256915106680过去将来完成时的基本构成？
过去将来完成时的基本构成？
6985115570
3054351270现在完成进行时进行时
现在完成进行时进行时
现在完成进行时是现在完成时和现在进行时两种时态的有机融合，因此它既具有现在完成时的特点又具有进行时的特点。
构成：have/has+been+doing (动词多为持续性动词）
用法：
表示一个持续到现在的动作；现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，该动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。
Eg：I have been fixing the fridge all this morning.
Have you been waiting long for me?
It has been raining since Tuesday.
表示动作的重复；有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
Eg：You’ve been saying you can succeed for five years. (五年来你一直在说自己能成功）
I have been visiting some cities of China this month. (这个月我在访问中国地几个城市。）
表示近来发生地动作，一般不再继续。此时常通过上下文语境判断。
Eg：My hands are dirty. I’ve been painting the door. (我的手很脏，我一直在漆门）
感彩：现在完成进行时有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感彩。
Eg：Tom has been helping me today. Tom 今天一直在帮我。（表扬）
You know，you really have been making things terribly difficult for me. (厌恶）
【练习】
In order to find the missing child, villagers all they can over the past five hours.
did B.do C.had done D.have been doing
－Why,Jack,you look so tired!
－Well,I the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
was painting B. will be painting C.have painted D.have been painting
I'm tired out. I all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
shopped B.have shopped C.had shopped D.have been shopping
－We've spent too much money recently.
－ Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives around all the time.
A. are coming B.had come C.were coming D.have been coming
Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair all day. Could you speak to her now?
A.phones B.has phoned C. has been phoning D.phoned

【综合练习】
1.-Is Peter coming?
－No,he _______his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A.changes B.changed C.was changing D.had changed
2.-Did you enjoy the party?
－Yes.We _______ well by our hosts.
A. were treated B.would be treated C.treated D.had treated
3. In the last few years,China _______ great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
4.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _______ so far by the two sides.
A.has been reached B.was reached C.will reach D.will have reached
5. He will come to call on you the moment he _______ his work.
A.will finish B. finishes C.had finished D. finished
6. Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she _______ a class at that time.
A. will teach B.would teach C.has taught D.will be teaching
7. - Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
－All right.I _______ him later.
A.will call B.have called C.call D.will be calling
8. It's a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal _______ .
A.serves B.served C.is served D.to be served
9. -Remember the first time we met, Jim? －Of course I do.You _______ in the library.
A. were reading B.had read C.have read D.are reading
10. So far I _______ any success. However, I'll keep trying.
A.don't have B. didn't have C.haven't had D.won't have
11.Tom _______ in the company since he left school in 2000.
A. Works B.has worked C.worked D.will work
12.My aunt Mary _______ a lot over these years. She used to be a little fat, but now she is very slim.
A.changes B.changed C.was changing D.has changed
13.They became friends again that day. Until then, they _______ to each other for nearly two years.
A. didn't speak B.hadn't spoken C.haven't spoken D.haven't been speaking
14.I _______ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A.was driving B.have driven C.would drive D.drove
15. China's high-speed railways _______ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown
16.-How can I apply for an online course? － Just fill out this form and we _______ what we can do for you..
A.see B. are seeing C.have seen D. will see
17. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _______in the past years.
A.discovered B.have discovered
C.had been discovered D.have been discovered
18.I _______in London for many years, but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. Lived B. was living C.have lived D.had lived
19.When you arrive, I _______in reception for you.
A.wait B.am waiting C.am going to wait D.will be waiting
20.-I have got a headache. －No wonder.You _______in front of that computer too long.
A.work B. are working C.have been working D.worked
〖能力突破★训练题组〗
从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. His sister left home in 1998, and _______ever since.
A. had not been heard of B.has not been heard of
C.had not heard of D.has not heard of
2. -Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?
Not really. She _______us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
A. was to give B. was giving. C.had given D.would give
3.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _______my book in the cafe.
A.have left B.had left C.would leave D.was leaving
4. It is reported that a space station _______on the moon in years to come.
A.will be building B. will be built C. has been building D.has been built
5. We are confident that the environment _______by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
A.had been improved B. will be improved
C.is improved D.was improved
6. We won't start the work until all the preparations _______.
A. are being made B. will be made C.have been made D.had been made
7.I wonder why Jenny _______us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn't written B.doesn't write C.won't write D.hadn't written
8. We would like to go and thank him ourselves, but we _______out his address yet.
A.haven't found B.hadn't found C.didn't find D. don't find
9.-Do you have any problems if you _______this job?
－Well, I'm thinking about the salary.
A. Offer B. will offer C.are offered D.will be offered
10.-Where is Peter? 1 can't find him anywhere.
－He went to the library after breakfast and _______his essay there ever since.
A.wrote B.had written C.has been writing D.is writing
11.Mary _______really hard on her book and thinks she'll have finished it by Friday.
A.worked B. has been working C.had worked D.has worked
12. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we _______.
A. will expect B.are expecting C.expect D.had expected
13. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I
visited her last year.
A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked
14. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped
15.My washing machine _______this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D. has been repaired
16.I _______in a foreign company for five years. Still, I don't regret having given up the well-paid post.
A.worked B.have worked C.was working D.had worked
17. She ought to stop working. She has a headache because she _______all day long.
A.has been reading B.had read C. is reading D.read
18.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
－Impossible.She _______TV with me in my home then.
A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching
19. I feel it is your husband who _______for the spoiled child.
A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blamed D.should blame
20. Since the time humankind started gardening,we _______to make our environment more beautiful.
A.try B. have been trying C.are trying D.will try