(共75张PPT)
Unit
1
A
land
of
diversity
[文章导语]Boston,which
is
one
of
the
nation’s
wettest
cities,is
one
of
the
oldest
American
cities
with
a
rich
economic
and
social
history.
波士顿是美国最古老的城市之一,也是美国最潮湿的城市之一,有着丰富的经济和社会史。
Boston
is
one
of
the
oldest
American
cities,with
a
rich
economic
and
social
history.
During
the
1980s,Boston
gained
fame
for
its
high
technology,as
well
as
a
good
place
to
develop
business.In
recent
years,many
sources
have
ranked
Boston
among
the
best
large
cities
in
which
to
live
in
the
US.
Boston
lies
at
the
mouths
of
the
Charles
and
Mystic
Rivers.The
Rivers
flow
into
Boston’s
inner
harbor
and
then
into
Boston
Harbor
itself.
Fog
is
caused
by
Boston’s
closeness
to
water.Rain
is
frequent
in
spring
and
summer,while
snow
falls
regularly
in
winter,making
Boston
one
of
the
nation’s
wettest
cities.Atlantic
Ocean
breezes
keep
Boston’s
climate
relatively
mild,compared
to
other
cities
in
the
northeastern
US.
The
city
experienced
a
booming
period
around
the
mid-1800s,helped
by
the
invention
of
the
railroad.Among
the
new
industries
was
the
making
of
shoes
and
other
leather
goods
until
recently
a
mainstay(支柱)
of
the
Boston
economy.
Boston’s
population
remained
largely
Englishmen
until
the
mid-1800s,when
the
first
waves
of
European
immigrants
began
to
arrive.
译文
波士顿是美国最古老的城市之一,有着丰富的经济和社会史。
在20世纪80年代,波士顿因其为高科技和发展商业的好地方而闻名。在近几年,很多信息资料将波士顿列为美国国内最好的适宜居住的大城市之一。
波士顿位于查尔斯河与神秘河的河口交汇处。这两条河流入波士顿的内港,然后进入波士顿港口。
雾是由波士顿靠近水引起的。在春夏季经常下雨,而在冬季则经常下雪,这使得波士顿成为美国最潮湿的城市之一。与美国东北部的其他城市相比,波士顿的气候在大西洋和风的作用下相对温和。
约在19世纪中期,借助铁路的发明,这座城市进入鼎盛时期。新兴工业有鞋子和其他皮革品的制造,直到最近这两项制造业也是波士顿经济的支柱。
直到19世纪中期,波士顿的居民主要是英国人,这个时期第一批欧洲移民开始到达。
典句欣赏
Rain
is
frequent
in
spring
and
summer,while
snow
falls
regularly
in
winter,making
Boston
one
of
the
nation’s
wettest
cities.
在春夏季经常下雨,而在冬季则经常下雪,这使得波士顿成为美国最潮湿的城市之一。
理解诱思
1.During
the
mid-1800s,Boston
experienced
rapid
development
due
to
.?
A.the
devotion
of
Englishmen
B.the
use
of
the
railroad
C.European
immigrants
D.the
selling
of
shoes
2.Would
you
like
to
visit
Boston?Why?
答案:Yes,because
I
can
experience
a
city
with
completely
different
cultures
and
traditions.
答案:B
Section
Ⅰ
—
Warming
Up,Pre-reading,
Reading
&
Comprehending
Pre-reading?
一、词义匹配
A B
1.distinct
a.any
vehicle
that
can
fly
and
carry
goods
or
passengers
2.illustrate
b.the
number,amount,rate
of
sth,expressed
as
if
it
is
part
of
a
total
which
is
100
3.percentage
c.connected
with
a
person’s
race
4.aircraft
d.easily
or
clearly
heard,seen,felt,etc.
5.racial
e.to
make
the
meaning
of
sth
clearer
by
using
examples,pictures,etc.
答案:1.d 2.e 3.b 4.a 5.c
二、猜词拼写
1.
a
way
of
doing
or
achieving
sth?
2.
to
choose
sb
to
do
a
particular
job
by
voting
for
them?
3.
a
sudden
increase
in
trade
and
economic
activity?
4.
a
situation
that
is
difficult
and
unpleasant
because
you
do
not
have
enough
money,food,clothes,etc.?
5.
the
largest
part
of
a
group
of
people
or
things?
means
elect
boom
hardship
majority
三、词汇拓展
1.majority的形容词
adj.主要的?
2.elect的名词
n.选举?
3.racial的名词
n.种族;比赛?
4.applicant的动词
vt.申请;应用?
5.distinct的名词
n.差别;区分;卓著?
major
election
race
apply
distinction
While-reading?
四、阅读课文CALIFORNIA,搭配所列的时间和事件
1.15,000
years
ago a.The
people
of
Mexico
gained
their
independence.
2.16th
century
b.California
became
the
31st
federal
state
of
the
USA.
3.1821
c.The
USA
declared
war
on
Mexico.
4.1846
d.First
settlers
crossed
the
Bering
Strait
in
the
Arctic
to
America.These
people
are
now
known
as
Native
Americans.
5.1848
e.Spanish
soldiers
arrived
in
South
America.
6.1850
f.Gold
was
discovered
in
California.
答案:1.d 2.e 3.a 4.c 5.f 6.b
五、阅读课文CALIFORNIA,回答下列问题
1.The
text
mainly
tells
us
.?
A.the
population
of
California
B.various
people
in
California
C.why
California
is
the
most
multicultural
state
D.the
language
spoken
by
Californians
答案:C
2.Which
people
are
not
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A.People
from
Asia.
B.People
from
Europe.
C.People
from
Africa.
D.People
from
Australia.
答案:D
3.Why
do
over
40%
of
the
Californians
speak
Spanish
as
a
first
or
second
language
today?
A.Because
California
was
once
ruled
by
Spain.
B.Because
California
became
part
of
Mexico
in
1821.
C.Because
California
was
given
to
the
USA
in
1846.
D.Because
the
Spanish
were
religious.
答案:A
4.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE?
A.People
from
Africa
mainly
work
in
the
computer
industry.
B.It
is
the
computer
industry
that
attracted
Indians.
C.In
1850
California
wasn’t
a
multicultural
society.
D.In
the
future,Chinese
will
become
the
major
racial
group.
答案:B
六、根据课文内容填空
No
one
really
knows
exactly
when
the
first
people
arrived
in
1.
we
now
know
as
California.However,it
is
likely
that
Native
Americans
2.
(live)
in
California
at
least
fifteen
thousand
years
ago.In
the
16th
century,after
the
3. (arrive)
of
the
Europeans,the
native
people
suffered
greatly
and
many
died.
However,some
survived
and
today
there
are
4.
(many)
Native
Americans
living
in
California
than
in
any
other
state.Later,
California
was
ruled
by
Spain.In
1846
the
United
States
declared
war
5.
Mexico,and
after
the
war
won
by
the
USA,California
became
part
of
America.?
what
were
living/lived
arrival
more
on
The
Gold
Rush
in
1848
attracted
people
from
all
over
the
world,
including
Chinese,6.
moved
to
California
to
make
a
life
there.A
large
7. (percent)
of
Chinese-Americans
live
in
the
“Chinatowns”
of
Los
Angeles
and
San
Francisco.In
1911
immigrants
from
Denmark
established
a
town
of
their
own,which
today
still
keeps
8.
their
Danish
culture.?
By
this
means,California
has
the
9. ?(distinct)
of
being
the
most
multicultural
state
in
the
USA.It
is
believed
that
before
long
California
10.
(be)
a
mixture
of
many
different
races
and
cultures.?
who
percentage
up
distinction
will
be
the
USA,having
attracted
people
from
all
over
the
world.(Page
1)
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州,它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
★考点 distinction
n.差别;区分;卓著
This
is
the
distinction
between
formal
and
informal
language.
这就是正式语言和非正式语言之间的差别。
He
is
fair
to
us
without
distinction.
他对我们很公平,没有区别对待。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出画线单词的词性及含义
①Can
you
make
a
distinction
between
right
and
wrong?
词性
名词 含义
区分
②No
one
today
doubts
Eliot’s
distinction
as
a
poet.
词性
名词 含义
杰出;优秀
③His
voice
was
quiet
but
every
word
was
distinct.
词性
形容词 含义
清晰的;明显的
(2)含distinction的短语
have
the
distinction
of
具有……的特质
without
distinction
无差别
the
distinction
between
A
and
B
A和B的区别
make
a
distinction
区分开来;区别对待
2.The
customs
and
languages
of
the
immigrants
live
on
in
their
new
home.(Page
1)
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
★考点 live
on
继续存在;继续生存
She
died
ten
years
ago
but
her
memory
lives
on.
她十年前就去世了,但她还留在人们的记忆中。
The
government
took
measures
to
make
this
custom
live
on.
政府采取措施使这个风俗延续下去。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的意义
①Most
Asians
live
on
rice.
意义
以……为食
②During
the
weeks
that
followed,we
learned
to
survive
in
our
truck
and
live
on
the
little
money
my
wife
earned
by
substitute
teaching.
意义
靠……为生
③He
lived
up
to
his
parents’
expectations.
意义
达到;符合;不辜负(他人的期望)
3.However,it
is
likely
that
Native
Americans
were
living
in
California
at
least
fifteen
thousand
years
ago.(Page
2)
然而,可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就居住在加利福尼亚了。
★考点 句型It
is
likely
that...可能会(有、发生)……
剖析该句型中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为that从句。
It
is
likely
that
they
will
agree
with
us.
他们有可能会同意我们的意见。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下面的句子,归纳likely的用法
①(2020·全国Ⅱ)They
are
likely
to
play
with
tougher
puzzles.
用法
Sb/Sth
is
likely
to...某人/物很可能……?
(2)阅读下列句子,指出画线单词的词性及含义
②The
project
seems
unlikely
to
succeed.
词性
形容词 含义
不可能的
③Unlike
his
brother,he
is
tall.
词性
介词 含义
不像;和……不同
4.Scientists
believe
that
these
settlers
crossed
the
Bering
Strait
in
the
Arctic
to
America
by
means
of
a
land
bridge
which
existed
in
prehistoric
times.(Page
2)
科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
★考点 by
means
of
用……方法;借助……
We
can
express
our
feelings
by
means
of
words.
我们可以用语言表达我们的感情。
The
water
is
returned
to
the
boiler
by
means
of
a
series
of
pumps.
水借助一系列水泵回到锅炉中。
温馨提示by
means
of后接名词,通常不接v.-ing形式。试比较:
The
boss
made
a
fortune
by
means
of
exploitation(剥削).
?The
boss
made
a
fortune
by
exploiting
people.
这个老板靠剥削发了财。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下面的句子,指出means的词性及含义
①Every
means
of
contacting
him
has
been
tried.
词性
名词 含义
办法;方法
温馨提示means作“方法,手段”讲时,为可数名词,单复数同形。
a.当means作主语,有every,each等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
b.当means作主语,有all,some,several,many,few等词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。如:
All
the
possible
means
have
been
used
to
solve
the
medical
problem.
为了解决这个医疗问题,所有可能的方法都尝试了。(谓语为复数)
(2)阅读下列句子,指出means的相关短语及意义
②—Can
I
see
it?
—By
all
means.
短语
by
all
means 意义
当然可以;没问题?
③—Do
you
think
their
table
tennis
team
will
win
the
first
place?
—By
no
means.Ours
is
much
stronger
than
theirs.
短语
by
no
means 意义
决不?
④You
can
do
it
by
this
means.
短语
by
this
means 意义
通过这种方式?
by
means
of
用……方法;借助……
by
all
means
当然可以;没问题
by
no
means
决不
by
this
means
通过这种方式
5.Of
the
first
Spanish
to
go
to
California,the
majority
were
religious
men,whose
ministry
was
to
teach
the
Catholic
religion
to
the
natives.(Page
2)
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。
剖析whose引导定语从句,修饰men。不定式to
go
to
California作定语,修饰the
first
Spanish。
★考点 majority
n.大多数;大半
The
majority
of
them
take
an
online
language
test
before
starting
their
programme.
他们中大多数人在开始项目前要进行网上语言测试。
The
majority
of
people
believe
smoking
is
harmful
to
health.
大多数人相信吸烟有害健康。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出majority的相关短语及意义
①Those
who
are
in
favour
of
the
proposal
are
in
the
majority.
短语
in
the
majority 意义
占大多数?
②He
won
the
seat
by
a
majority
of
71.
短语
by
a
majority
of 意义
以多数票?
③The
majority
of
doctors
believe
smoking
is
harmful
to
health.
短语
the
majority
of 意义
大多数……?
温馨提示majority单独用作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可;
“the
majority
of
+复数名词”用作主语时,其谓语动词通常要用复数;“the
majority
of
+不可数名词”用作主语时,其谓语动词用单数。
④The
majority
was/were
in
favour
of
banning
smoking.
大多数人支持禁烟。
⑤The
majority
of
people
interviewed
prefer
TV
to
radio.
大多数接受采访的人都表示喜欢看电视多于听收音机。
the
majority
of...
大多数……
in
the
majority
占大多数
by
a
majority
of
以多数票
6.That
is
why
today
over
40%
of
Californians
speak
Spanish
as
a
first
or
second
language.(Page
2)
那就是为什么今天还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
★考点 句型That’s
why...那就是为什么……
剖析在该句型中,why引导表语从句,构成That
is
why...;其中that有时也可用this替换。
In
fact,that
is
why
I’m
here
to
see
you.
事实上,那是我来见你的原因。
That’s
why
he
dislikes
me.
那就是他不喜欢我的原因。
That’s
why
he
was
late.
那就是他迟到的原因。
考点延伸
(1)比较:This/That
is
because...这是/那是因为……
This/That
is
why...这就是/那就是为什么……
①It
rained
hard.That
was
why
he
was
late.
②He
was
late.That
was
because
it
rained
hard.
(2)表原因的短语:because
of...因为……
③Because
of
his
wife
being
there,I
said
nothing
about
it.
7.Some
died
or
returned
home,but
most
remained
in
California
to
make
a
life
for
themselves
despite
great
hardship.(Page
2)
一些人死了或回家了,但是不论多么艰苦,多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚谋生。
★考点 make
a
life
习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
In
the
coming
three
years,our
school
life
will
be
challenging
and
you
will
try
to
make
a
life
for
yourself.
在未来的三年,我们的学校生活将会有挑战性,你要努力适应新的生活方式。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出与make
a
life意思相近的短语?
①She
heard
that
it
was
easier
to
make
a
living
in
the
big
cities.
短语
make
a
living?
②Nowadays
it
is
very
easy
to
earn
a
living.
短语
earn
a
living?
(2)阅读下列句子,指出life的相关短语及意义
③The
doctor
tried
his
best
to
bring
the
patient
to
life.
The
new
teacher
really
brought
French
to
life
for
us.
短语
bring...to
life 意义
使苏醒,使复苏;使更有趣,使更生动?
④The
match
finally
came
to
life
in
the
second
half.
短语
come
to
life 意义
活跃起来?
make
a
life
习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
make
a
living
谋生
earn
a
living
谋生
bring...to
life
使苏醒,使复苏;使更有趣,使更生动
come
to
life
活跃起来;苏醒过来
8.By
the
time
California
elected
to
become
the
thirty-first
federal
state
of
the
USA
in
1850,it
was
already
a
multicultural
society.(Page
2)
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。
★考点 elect
vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人
I
have
such
a
good
command
of
English
that
I
am
elected
as
assistant
to
my
English
teacher.
我英语学得很好,被选为英语课代表。
Increasing
numbers
of
people
elect
to
work
from
home
nowadays.现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的词性及含义
①We
elected
him
manager.
词性
动词 含义
选举;推选
归纳
在“elect+sb+职务”的结构中,总统、市长等职位前不用任何冠词。
②He
won
the
election
by
a
huge
majority.
词性
名词 含义
选举
9.In
1911
immigrants
from
Denmark
established
a
town
of
their
own,which
today
still
keeps
up
their
Danish
culture.(Page
2)
1911年,丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇,至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。
★考点 keep
up
坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)
It’s
of
great
importance
to
keep
up
the
good
reputation
of
the
firm.
维持公司的好名誉是很重要的。
Though
they
live
in
the
United
States,they
keep
up
the
Chinese
customs.
虽然他们住在美国,但他们仍沿袭着中国的风俗。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出keep
up的含义?
①The
climbers
kept
up
in
the
hope
of
reaching
the
top
with
the
last
effort.
含义
坚持(前进)
②The
rain
kept
up
all
afternoon.
含义
持续
(2)阅读下列句子,指出keep的相关短语及意义
③Do
you
think
it
hard
to
keep
up
with
medical
development?
短语
keep
up
with 意义
跟上?
④Please
keep
off
that
building.=Please
keep
away
from
that
building.
短语
keep
off/keep
away
from 意义
远离;不靠近?
⑤Keep
on
until
you
come
to
the
station.
短语
keep
on 意义
继续?
⑥Warm
clothing
will
keep
out
the
cold.
短语
keep
out 意义
遮挡;使不进入?
⑦I’ll
keep
nothing
back
from
you.
短语
keep
back 意义
隐瞒?
⑧The
government
is
trying
to
keep
prices
down.
短语
keep
down 意义
控制,抑制(某事物的增长)?
keep
up
维持;坚持;持续;沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep
up
with
跟上
keep
off/keep
away
from
远离;不靠近
keep
on
继续
keep
out
遮挡;使不进入
keep
back
隐瞒
keep
down
控制,抑制(某事物的增长)
10.The
industry
boom
attracted
Europeans
including
many
Jewish
people.(Page
3)
电影业的繁荣吸引了欧洲人,包括许多犹太人。
★考点 boom
n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣
There
will
be
a
baby
boom
next
year
in
the
city
as
about
200,000
babies
will
be
born.
明年这个城市将出现一个生育高峰,因为大约20万婴儿将出生。
考点延伸
阅读下面的句子,指出boom的词性及含义
By
the
1980s,the
computer
industry
was
booming.
词性
(不及物)动词 含义
迅猛发展
一、写作词汇检测
A.根据每一组的提示词,完成或翻译句子。
1.distinct
(1)We
must
make
a
between
classical
and
popular
music
here.?
(2)她的声音很清晰。
答案:(1)distinction (2)Her
voice
is
very
distinct.
2.boom
(1)Business
?this
week.?
(2)它已经发展成一个拥有20万人的繁荣城市。
答案:(1)is
booming (2)It
has
become
a
booming
city
of
200,000
people.
3.hardship
(1)The
?of
everyone
in
the
mine
have
been
made
worse
by
the
bitter
cold.?
(2)我一生经历了很多困难。
答案:(1)hardships (2)I’ve
seen
a
lot
of
hardship
in
my
life.
B.根据图画内容及所给词语造句。
(by
means
of,ladder)
答案:The
man
climbed
onto
the
roof
by
means
of
a
ladder.
go
off
the
rails
脱轨
(rail,luckily)
答案:The
train
went
off
the
rails.Luckily,no
one
was
injured.
(elect,monitor)
答案:Today,we’ll
vote
to
elect
monitor
of
our
class.
(keep
up,family
customs)
答案:We
should
keep
up
fine
family
customs.
二、阅读词汇检测
阅读下列句子,写出黑体词的含义。
1.More
than
90
percent
of
the
people
are
Roman
Catholics
in
the
city.?
答案:天主教徒
2.Last
week,the
president
called
in
federal
troops
to
break
the
strike.?
答案:联邦制的
3.I
enjoy
friendly
help
at
the
immigration
office
of
Denmark .?
答案:移民;丹麦
4.Today,nearly
half
of
the
junior
high
school
students
surveyed
by
the
Ministry
of
Education
said
they
disliked
or
hated
science
class.?
答案:部
5.All
aircraft
at
London
Airport
were
grounded
by
fog
yesterday.?
答案:飞机
三、用所给短语的适当形式填空
the
majority
of by
means
of in
addition make
a
life before
long keep
up mix
up by
the
time live
on
settle
in
1.Many
farmers
go
to
big
cities
to
.?
答案:make
a
life
2.The
police
looked
into
the
case
carefully
and
found
the
thief
had
entered
the
house
a
rope.?
答案:by
means
of
3.If
we
can
this
speed,we
should
arrive
there
after
two
days.?
答案:keep
up
4.I
am
going
to
visit
my
teacher. ,I
need
to
buy
some
articles
of
daily
use.?
答案:In
addition
5.
the
students
in
our
class
are
girls.?
答案:The
majority
of
6.Please
don’t
?my
papers.?
答案:mix
up
7.
we
arrived,they
had
already
left.?
答案:By
the
time
8.Some
famous
singers
?the
income
from
their
record
sales.?
答案:live
on
9.Many
Jewish
people
the
Lower
East
Side.?
答案:settled
in
10.
the
storm
stopped
and
the
exploration
team
continued
on
its
way.?
答案:Before
long(共24张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ
—
Grammar
一、单句填空
1.It
is
often
the
case
anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.?
2.We
heard
it
she
would
get
married
next
month.?
3.Our
success
depends
upon
we
can
cooperate
with
other
people.?
4.I
wonder
you
can
change
this
note
for
me.?
5.Is
it
likely
it
will
rain
in
the
evening??
6.It
occurred
to
him
he
failed
in
the
examination.?
7.I
don’t
know
book
is
more
interesting.?
8.I
had
neither
a
raincoat
nor
an
umbrella.That’s
I
got
wet
all
through.?
9.I
will
write
to
you
or
not
I
can
come.?
10.The
question
is
we
should
go
on
with
the
work.?
that
that
how
whether
that
that
which
why
whether
whether
二、变式训练(把下面的句子改为含名词性从句的复合句)
1.English
is
being
accepted
as
an
international
language.It
is
a
fact.
It
is
a
fact?
.?
2.He
asked,“How
much
should
I
pay
for
this
toy
aircraft?”
He
asked?
.?
3.It
is
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
everything
he
or
she
wants.
It
is
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
.?
4.This
used
to
be
a
quiet
village.I
still
remember
that
time.
I
still
remember
?
.?
5.Such
a
little
girl
of
seven
could
play
the
violin
so
well.It
surprised
me
most.
was
that
such
a
little
girl
of
seven
could
play
the
violin
so
well.?
that
English
is
being
accepted
as
an
international
language
how
much
he
should
pay
for
that
toy
aircraft
whatever
he
or
she
wants
when
this
used
to
be
a
quiet
village
What
surprised
me
most
名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的关联词可分为三类:①连词:that,whether,if;②连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which;③连接副词:when,where,how,why。
一、主语从句
如果一个句子在复合句中充当主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。
(一)英语中的主语从句在句中作主语,有以下两种结构:
(1)主语从句位于句首。
(2)主语从句位于句尾,使用it作形式主语。
指出下列句子的主语
①What
he
wants
is
a
book.
他想要的就是一本书。
主语
What
he
wants?
②It
is
necessary
that
we
should
learn
English
well.
我们有必要把英语学好。
主语
that
we
should
learn
English
well?
③It
appeared
to
the
scientists
on
the
earth
that
the
stars
had
moved.
在地球上的科学家看来,这些星体已经移动了。
主语
that
the
stars
had
moved?
(二)引导主语从句的关联词包括:that,whether,what,who(m),which,whose,when,where,why,how,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等。
注意:if不可引导主语从句。
根据句意给下列句子填上适当的关联词
④Whether
the
sports
meeting
will
be
held
is
not
certain
now.
运动会是否举行现在还不能确定。
⑤Why
he
did
it
is
easy
to
understand.
他为何做这件事很容易理解。
⑥Who
broke
the
glass
yesterday
is
not
clear.
昨天是谁打破了玻璃还不清楚。
⑦That
she
became
an
artist
may
have
been
due
to
her
father’s
influence.
她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
⑧What
struck
me
was
that
they
have
all
suffered
a
lot.
给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。
二、宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
(一)由连词that引导的宾语从句。
阅读下列句子,归纳连词that的用法
①We
all
agreed
(that)
it
would
be
a
mistake
not
to
take
his
advice.
归纳
that在宾语从句中不充当任何句子成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
②He
said(that)
he
couldn’t
tell
you
right
away
and
that
you
wouldn’t
understand.
归纳
宾语从句是并列句时,第一个分句前的that可以省略,第二个分句前的that不可以省略。
③He
suggested
that
we
(should)
finish
the
work
at
once.
归纳
在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
④I
consider
it
necessary
that
we
should
ask
him
for
advice.
归纳
可以用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
⑤I
don’t
doubt
that
he
will
be
against
the
idea.
归纳
动词doubt的否定结构才可以接that从句。
(二)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
单句填空
⑥The
book
will
show
you
what
the
best
CEOs
know.
⑦Could
you
please
tell
me
how
you
use
the
new
panel?
⑧None
of
us
knows
where
these
new
parts
can
be
bought.
归纳
用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分。应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
三、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。连接表语从句的关联词有:that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how等。
单句填空
①What
surprised
me
most
was
that
all
the
pupils
were
unusually
quiet.
归纳
引导词在从句中仅起连接作用,无意义,在句中不作任何成分,通常不能省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。
②The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
that
he
didn’t
catch
the
early
bus.
归纳
在表语从句中,当reason作主语时,引导词不能用because,而用that。
③The
question
is
whether
the
enemy
is
marching
towards
us.
归纳
引导词whether在句中不作任何句子成分,起连接作用,意为“是否”。
④The
problem
is
who
is
really
fit
for
the
hard
job.
连接词在句中作:主语
⑤The
question
is
when
he
can
arrive
at
the
hotel.
连接词在句中作:状语
⑥This
is
where
he
worked
ten
years
ago.
连接词在句中作:状语
⑦I
read
about
it
in
some
book
or
another,but
what
I
don’t
know
is
which
book
it
is.
连接词在句中作:定语
归纳
特殊疑问词引导表语从句时,连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分,有具体的意思。
⑧He
sounds
as
if
he
were
(be)
an
American.
⑨It
looks
as
though
it
is
(be)
going
to
rain.
归纳
as
if/as
though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,表示不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的动作或状态。但当其后的句子所描述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,要用陈述语气。
⑩His
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)climb(climb)all
the
way
to
the
top
of
the
hill.
归纳
主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词,表语从句应用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。
一、单句填空
1.
the
delayed
flight
will
take
off
depends
much
on
the
weather.?
答案:When
2.Grandma
pointed
to
the
hospital
and
said,“That’s
?I
was
born.”?
答案:where
3.Pick
yourself
up.Courage
is
doing
you’re
afraid
to
do.?
答案:what
4.Exactly
the
potato
was
introduced
into
Europe
is
uncertain,but
it
was
probably
around
1565.?
答案:when
5.Do
not
let
any
failures
discourage
you,for
you
can
never
tell
close
you
may
be
to
victory.?
答案:how
6.
one
of
you
breaks
the
door
will
have
to
pay
for
it.?
答案:Whichever
7.It
remains
to
be
seen
?the
newly
formed
committee’s
policy
can
be
put
into
practice.?
答案:whether
8.We
promise
attends
the
party
a
chance
to
have
a
photo
taken
with
the
movie
star.?
答案:whoever
9.—Is
it
true
that
Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday?
—Yeah,but
I
have
no
idea
he
did
it;that’s
one
of
his
favourite
universities.?
答案:why
10.The
newcomer
went
to
the
library
the
other
day
and
searched
for
?he
could
find
about
Mark
Twain.?
答案:whatever
二、单句改错
1.What
the
driver
could
not
control
his
way
was
obvious.
答案:What→That
2.The
trouble
is
what
we
are
short
of
money.
答案:what→that
3.That
we
can’t
get
seems
better
than
what
we
have.
答案:That→What
4.No
matter
who
leaves
the
room
last
ought
to
turn
off
the
lights.
答案:No
matter
who→Whoever
5.He
doesn’t
know
if
to
stay
or
not.
答案:if→whether
三、变式训练
1.It
is
easy
to
understand
why
he
did
the
job.
? is
easy
to
understand.?
答案:Why
he
did
the
job
2.It
worried
her
a
bit
that
her
hair
was
turning
grey.
worried
her
a
bit.?
答案:That
her
hair
was
turning
grey
3.It
makes
no
difference
whether
he
will
attend
the
meeting
or
not.
makes
no
difference.?
答案:Whether
he
will
attend
the
meeting
or
not
4.It
has
not
been
decided
whether
the
meeting
will
be
held.
has
not
been
decided.?
答案:Whether
the
meeting
will
be
held(共11张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ
—
Writing
地点描写
介绍地点的文章属于说明文,所以时态以现在时为主。对地点的描述首先要对其进行总体的介绍,然后从以下几个方面展开描述:所处的位置,占据的面积,周边环境,交通状况,人口,历史,有何种名胜古迹,及本地所具有的特色。最后,针对以上描述,结合写作要求进行结尾。写作时要注意说明文的特点,运用灵活的表达方式,避免用词重复。
写作时应注意下面几个要点:
1.信息点组织:描写一个地方,内容包括其地理位置、人口、面积、气候、环境、物产与历史。如果是名山大川、园林等,描写的重点是其形、色、态等方面的特点;如果是名胜古迹,那么描写的重点应该是历史古迹、社会价值等方面的特点;如果是一个城市,那么就应该清晰地描述这个地方的地理位置、人口地域、交通状况、气候条件、旅游景点等内容。
2.确定描写顺序:根据所描写的对象,确定适合的描写顺序。比如名胜古迹可以按照游览的顺序对其进行说明;介绍一个城市,则按照地理位置、人口、气候等顺序展开描写。
1.It
lies/is
located
in...
它位于……
2....has
a
population
of
500,000.
……有50万人口。
3....has
a
history
of
over
5,000
years.
……有五千多年的历史。
4....
is
one
of
the
most
famous
places
of
interest
in
the
world.
……是世界上最负盛名的名胜之一。
5.It
covers/has
an
area
of...
它占地……
6.It
is
only
a
few
bus
stops
from...
离……只有几站的路。
7.The
place
is
famous
for...
该地以……而出名。
8.The
special
character
of
the
place
is...
这个地方的特点是……
假设你是李华,你的英国笔友比尔想来中国的一个城市旅行。请你根据以下要点给他写一封信介绍你的家乡西安,并建议比尔来西安旅行。
1.陕西省省会,西北重要城市;
2.十二朝古都,几千年历史,丝绸之路起点;
3.历史名胜、博物馆众多;
4.现代化城市,研制卫星和新型飞机。
注意:1.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
2.词数100左右(格式已给出,不计入总词数)。
Dear
Bill,
I’m
glad
to
hear
that
you
want
to
travel
to
China.I
strongly
recommend
that
you
travel
in
my
hometown—Xi’an.?
I
hope
I
will
see
you
in
Xi’an.
Yours,
Li
Hua
将下列单词和短语进行英汉互译
1.capital
?
2.dynasty
?
3.satellite
?
4.the
starting
point
?
5.
向某人介绍某物?
6.
起重要作用?
7.
名胜?
8.
西北?
9.
了解?
10.
众多博物馆?
省会,首都
朝代
卫星
起点
introduce
sth
to
sb
play
an
important
part
in
a
place
of
interest
northwest
China
learn/know
about
a
good
many
museums
Dear
Bill,
I’m
glad
to
hear
that
you
want
to
travel
to
China.I
strongly
recommend
that
you
travel
in
my
hometown—Xi’an.Now
1. (我想向你介绍西安).?
Xi’an
is
the
capital
of
Shaanxi
Province.It
is
also
2. (西北最重要的城市之一).In
history,Xi’an
was
the
capital
of
twelve
dynasties.3. (它是“丝绸之路”的起点),4. (起重要的作用)international
relations
about
two
thousand
years
ago.?
5. (西安有很多名胜).You
will
see
many
ancient
tombs
and
several
large
museums
around
the
city.After
you
visit
them,you
will
?
6. (更好地了解我国文化).?
Xi’an
is
also
a
modern
city.There
are
many
colleges
and
universities,factories
and
institutes
in
Xi’an.Some
satellites
and
new
types
of
planes
are
made
here.
I
hope
I
will
see
you
in
Xi’an.
Yours,
Li
Hua
答案:1.I
will
introduce
Xi’an
to
you 2.one
of
the
most
important
cities
in
northwest
China 3.It
was
the
starting
point
of
the“Silk
Road” 4.which
played
an
important
part
in
5.There
are
a
good
many
places
of
interest
in
Xi’an 6.know
more
about
the
history
of
our
country(共22张PPT)
单元重点小结
重点词汇
1.
继续存在;继续生存?
2.
n.方法;手段?
用……办法,借助……;by
all
means当然,无论如何;by
no
means绝不?
例如:By
no
means
(我们放弃我们的计划).?
3.
n.大多数;大半?
the
majority
of...大多数……
例如:
(大多数人支持我们的决定).?
4. 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等?
live
on
means
by
means
of
will
we
give
up
our
plan
majority
The
majority
of
people
are
in
favor
of
our
decision.
make
a
life
5.
vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人?
elect
to
do决定做某事
例如: (他被选举为)the
Second
President
of
the
country.?
6. 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)?
keep
up
with跟上;keep
on继续;keep
back隐瞒
7.
n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣;vt.处于经济迅速发展时期?
8.
vi.发生;出现?
It
occurs
to
sb
that...某人突然想起……
例如:他突然想起他该去看望自己的朋友了。
?
????????????????????
elect
He
was
elected
keep
up
boom
occur
It
occurred
to
him
that
he
should
pay
a
visit
to
his
friend.
9.
vt.指示;标示;表明;暗示?
10.
adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的?
It
is
apparent
that...显然……
例如:显然,他对我们的设计没有兴趣。
???????
????????????
11.
vi.滑动;滑行;滑跤 n.滑动;滑倒?
12. 与……合作或一起工作?
13.
vt.&n.租用;雇用?
4.
用线画出范围,标出……界线;be
marked
with用……做记号?
indicate
apparent
It
is
apparent
that
he
isn’t
interested
in
our
design.
slip
team
up
with
hire
mark
out
15. 包括;吸收;理解?
take
over接管;take
up占据,拿起;take
off脱下,起飞
16. 许多;很多?
a
large
number
of大量的;quantities
of许多,大量;a
great
deal
of大量
例如:人类每天制造大量的垃圾。
?
?
17. 申请;请示得到?
apply
to应用于;apply
oneself
to忙于
例如:我想申请当奥运会的志愿者。
??
?
take
in
a
great/good
many
A
great
deal
of
waste
is
produced
by
humans
every
day.
apply
for
I
want
to
apply
as
a
volunteer
of
the
Olympic
Games.
重点句型
1.However, that
Native
Americans
were
living
in
California
at
least
fifteen
thousand
years
ago.?
然而,可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
2.Although
Chinese
immigrants
began
to
arrive
during
the
Gold
Rush
Period, the
building
of
the
rail
network
from
the
west
to
the
east
coast
brought
even
larger
numbers
to
California
in
the
1860s.?
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了,但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
it
is
likely
it
was
that
3. that
before
long
the
mix
of
nationalities
will
be
so
great
that
there
will
be
no
distinct
major
racial
or
cultural
groups,but
simply
a
mixture
of
many
races
and
cultures.?
人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合体将会非常之庞大,以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
4.Their
miserable
stay
seemed
to
be
punishment
justice
and
freedom
to
them.?
悲惨的境遇对他们来说似乎是一种惩罚而谈不上公正和自由。
It
is
believed
rather
than
重点语法
Revise
Noun
Clauses
as
the
Subject,Object
and
Predicative(复习名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语)
1.
attracts
people
to
California
is
its
pleasant
climate
and
relaxed
lifestyle.?
2.Most
applicants
know
they
have
very
little
chance
of
getting
a
visa.?
3.This
is
today
over
40%
of
Californians
speak
Spanish
as
a
first
or
second
language.?
What
that
why
功能
1.Encouraging
others
to
speak(鼓励别人说话)
Cool. Good. Really? Yes,that’s
right.
Mmm,sounds
interesting. That
surprises
me/doesn’t
surprise
me.
Indeed? Such
as? Give
an
example.
Is
that
so? Oh
I
see. Sounds
great! Ah
ha! Gosh,George!
And
what
about...?
2.Describing
a
place(描述一个地方)
on
the
east/west
coast to
the
north/south
of
the
USA
along
the
northwest
coast
of from
the
west
coast
to
the
east
coast
in
southern
China in
San
Francisco
Bay
in
southeastern
part
of
California around
the
State
of
California
走近高考
如何做“七选五”阅读理解题
“七选五”阅读理解题着重考查考生的语篇分析能力以及阅读理解能力。具体来说,该题要求考生能根据上下文信息有效识别语篇逻辑关系,能识别主题句以及探寻支撑主题句的细节信息,能确认作者的写作意图和交际目的,能识别文章修辞手段和文体结构等;同时,还考查考生有效识别保持语篇衔接与连贯的标记,如连接词、过渡词语(如but,however,so,therefore等)、衔接上下文的语句等。
解题步骤与方法
第一步:略读全文,把握主旨,弄清结构
七选五与完形填空不同,主要是把握文章的主旨大意、语篇及结构特点以及作者的写作方式等。在略读中重点关注文章的前两段和尾段,尤其关注文章前两段的首句和尾句。因为大部分说明文和议论文的主旨句几乎都集中在这两处,找到了主旨也就把握了文章结构(无非总分、分总、总分总)。
另外,还要特别留意挖空的位置及前后句之间的过渡词、衔接词以及具有特别明显的带有转折、因果或让步等逻辑关系的语句。譬如:
①Training
for
a
marathon
requires
careful
preparation
and
steady,gradual
increases
in
the
length
of
the
runs. 36 ,buy
the
best
fitting,best-built
shoes
you
can
find.No
one
can
say
which
brand
will
work
best
for
you
or
feel
best
on
your
feet,so
you
have
to
rely
on
your
experience
and
on
the
feel
of
each
pair
as
you
shop.(选项见例②)?
【分析】
精心阅读这一段可知,第一句话为作者的观点:马拉松训练需要精心准备,下面的论述都是围绕“精心准备”展开的,且下文出现了During
the
first
week和After
two
weeks,也就是本题是指开始训练前的准备。这样既明白了文章主旨,也明白了作者的写作路子。
同时,根据36题所在句子的结构可知此句缺少时间状语,因此这题只能从A、B、C中进行选择。这就缩小了范围,为答题提供了便利。
第二步:比较选项,抓住关键,弄清作用
在了解文章结构及主旨的前提下,再去比较所给的7个选项,弄清楚它们之间的异同以及作用,特别抓住选项中所含有的具有特殊意义的词语的选项。如:
②During
the
first
week,do
not
think
about
distance,but
run
five
minutes
longer
each
day. 38 ,it
is
wise
to
take
a
day
off
to
rest.?
A.After
six
days
B.For
a
good
marathon
runner
C.Before
you
begin
your
training
D.With
each
day,increase
the
distance
by
a
half
mile
E.If
they
still
feel
good,you
can
begin
running
in
them
F.Time
spent
for
preparation
raises
the
quality
of
training
G.Now
you
are
ready
to
figure
out
a
goal
of
improving
distance
and
time
【分析】
这7个选项中,A、B项为介词短语,通常作状语;C项为状语从句,显然36,38题从这三个选项中进行选择。通过分析,不难看出,36题选择C项,38题应选择A项。
第三步:标记线索,顺藤摸瓜,从容作答
在解答试题时,许多“蛛丝马迹”可以帮助我们。我们可采用“顺藤摸瓜”的战术进行解答。这里的“藤”就是解题的线索,“瓜”是要填的选项。实际上,在“藤”中提供了很多“线索”,“瓜”中也有很多词语与“藤”对接。
①词汇复现。复现法是保证文章前后衔接的一种手段,主要有原词复现、同义词或反义词复现、同类词复现等。如2016全国高考Ⅲ(以下例句均出自该题)中第40题,空前有cook
fish,空后有steam
it
in
a
steam
pot具体的做鱼方法。其中steam与B项中的steam为原词复现。
②代词复现。代词复现一般用来指代前面提及的名词或句子,利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快捷地解题。如上面提到的第40题,“The
easiest
is
to
steam
it.”其中it就是指fish。再如第39题,由空前后内容可知,此处谈论“买”鱼的辨别方式。空前提到,浓烈的气味说明鱼不新鲜,故说“不要买这种鱼。”A项中it即指代空前提到的“有浓烈气味的鱼”。
③逻辑衔接。根据前后句之间的逻辑关系、逻辑衔接又细分为:解释关系、例证关系、因果关系、顺逆关系等。如第36题,空后But
it
seems...,这说明前后为转折关系。且首句提到“...fish
is
good
for
health”。综合考虑,空白处应在语意上与前后保持一致,即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选择G项。
有时候前后之间的逻辑关系有着明显的关联词提示。这些关联词语可出现在这个选项中,也可能出现在空白前后的上下文中,应注意查找并据此判断所缺部分在文中的作用,从而顺利解题。
④结构衔接。结构衔接主要看文章结构和出题位置。例如第38题出现在段首,考查主题句。本段第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉辨别鱼是否新鲜,后文提到的“当你把鱼买回家...”由此可判断,应选择F项。第37题在段尾倒数第二句上,应注意结合前后内容选择。空前提到对鱼的选购、储存和烹制并不困难,空后一句讲本文是关于如何以一种简单的方式购买和烹制鱼,故选D项(这需要一点知识就能做好)。
第四步:带入答案,再读文章,检查验证
把所选选项(句子或短语)代入文中,仔细分析和判断它们是否符合上下文,匹配是否合乎语篇结构及作者的写作风格,前后语意是否连贯,逻辑是否通顺。若有不合情理的地方及时修改完善。
拓展阅读
[文章导语]The
parks
are
more
than
just
interesting
and
beautiful.They
are
also
museums
with
exhibits
to
show
visitors
how
the
regions
came
into
being.
Some
places
are
so
beautiful
or
so
important
in
the
history
of
the
USA
that
the
government
has
set
them
aside
to
protect
them.They
are
cared
for
so
that
everyone
can
enjoy
them.
The
oldest
of
the
national
parks
is
Yellowstone,which
was
made
a
park
in
1872.Now
the
USA
has
more
than
30
national
parks.Yellowstone
is
still
the
largest
one.
The
government
employs
many
workers
to
take
care
of
its
parks.There
are
scientists
who
know
a
great
deal
about
wildlife.They
make
sure
that
the
animals
in
the
park
wander
and
live
naturally.There
are
scientists
who
know
a
lot
about
insects
and
diseases
that
might
harm
the
trees
and
wild
flowers.There
are
scientists
who
know
a
great
deal
about
the
rocks
of
the
region.There
are
managers
who
see
to①
it
that
visitors
follow
the
park
rules.
The
national
parks
are
wonderful
playgrounds.There
are
places
for
campers.There
are
also
wonderful
opportunities
for
hiking,taking
boat
trips,fishing,swimming,exploring
the
wilderness,and
even
climbing
mountains.
The
parks
are
more
than
just
interesting
and
beautiful.They
have
been
called
the
biggest
summer
school
in
the
world,because
in
each
park
there
are
scientist
guides
to
explain
to
visitors
what
they
are
seeing.There
are
also
museums
with
exhibits②
to
show
visitors
how
the
regions
came
into
being.Every
year
millions
of
visitors
go
to
the
national
parks.
词海拾贝
①see
to
负责,照料;留意
②exhibit
[I??zIbIt]
n.
展览品
难句剖析
They
have
been
called
the
biggest
summer
school
in
the
world,because
in
each
park
there
are
scientist
guides
to
explain
to
visitors
what
they
are
seeing.
它们已被称作世界上最大的夏季学校,因为在每个公园里都有科学方面的导游向游客们解释他们所看到的东西。
剖析
这是一个较复杂的长难句。主句为They
have
been
called...in
the
world;because
in
each
park
there
are...为原因状语从句,且在该从句中含有一个what引导的宾语从句。
理解诱思
1.Why
are
workers
employed
in
the
national
parks?
A.To
study
the
rocks
in
the
parks.
B.To
guide
visitors
around
the
parks.
C.To
take
care
of
the
forests
in
the
parks.
D.To
take
care
of
the
parks.
2.What
can
people
do
in
the
national
parks?Why?
答案:1.D 2.略(共72张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ
—
Learning
about
Language,Using
Language,Summing
Up
&
Learning
Tip
一、写作词汇
预习该部分词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。
1.—You’ve
got
to
help
me.I’ve
(没地方)
to
go.?
—OK.Please
stay
at
my
home
until
you
find
a
flat.
2.—I
am
so
tired
that
I
can’t
move
a
little.
—Why
not
go
and
(租)
a
bike??
3.—Excuse
me,but
can
you
tell
me
the
way
to
the
post
office?
—Go
straight
ahead
and
turn
left
at
the
second
(十字路口).?
4.
is
icy,and
people
will
?(滑倒)
and
slide
all
along
the
street.So
we
should
put
a
sign
there, ?(标示)
danger.?
nowhere
hire
crossing
It
slip
indicating
5.The
?(申请人)
who
?(申请)
the
job
must
fill
in
this
form
first.?
6.—How
much
?(行李)
are
you
taking
with
you??
—Two
suitcases.
applicant
applies
for
luggage
二、阅读词汇
预习该部分词汇,写出黑体部分的汉语意思。
My
nephew,who
once
worked
on
the
ferry
1. ,now
works
as
a
conductor
2.
on
the
tram
3. .He
often
recalls
the
seagulls
4.
and
the
cattle
in
his
hometown.?
Every
morning,he
gets
up
early
and
goes
to
work
after
shaving
5. .He
often
helps
carry
luggage
6. and
helps
the
old
passengers
get
on
or
get
off.He
has
been
honoured
for
his
good
work
by
the
authorities
7. .?
His
wife
works
in
a
bakery
8.
and
does
all
the
housework.
Viewed
from
her
angle
9. ,he
is
an
excellent
conductor,but
not
a
good
husband.?
渡船
售票员
(有轨)电车
海鸥
刮脸
行李
当局/政府
面包房
角度
三、阅读课文GEORGE’S
DIARY
12TH
-14TH
JUNE,回答下列问题
1.Why
didn’t
George
feel
like
doing
anything
else
on
June
12th?
A.Because
he
ate
lunch
late.
B.Because
he
spent
too
much
time
on
a
cable
car.
C.Because
he
travelled
to
many
places
in
Fisherman’s
Wharf.
D.Because
he
saw
a
terrible
accident.
答案:C
2.George
went
to
Angel
Island
by
.?
A.rail B.cable
car
C.ferry
D.air
答案:C
3.You
can
visit
some
places
in
Chinatown
except
the
.?
A.temples
B.Golden
Gate
Bridge
C.restaurants
D.galleries
and
a
museum
答案:B
4.It’s
also
the
place
to
catch
the
ferry
to
Angel
Island
and
other
places
in
the
Bay.Here
“ferry”
can
be
replaced
by
“ ”.?
A.ship
B.train
C.place
D.coach
答案:A
1.It
didn’t
occur
to
me
that...(Page
5)
我没想到……
★考点一 句型It
occurs/occurred
to
sb
that...某人突然想起
剖析在该句型中,it是形式主语,that...是真正的主语;应注意该句型不能用“人”直接作主语,即不能说I
occur
that...。
另外,该句型中的真正主语也可以是动词不定式,即“It
occurs/occurred
to
sb
to
do...”。
It
occurred
to
him
that
he
was
going
to
phone
her.
=It
occurred
to
him
to
phone
her.
他突然想起要给她打电话。
考点延伸
表达“某人突然想起……”的句型
It
occurred
to/struck/hit
me
that
I
had
seen
her
somewhere
before.
我突然想到以前在什么地方见过她。
★考点二 occur
发生;出现
A
great
decline
in
young
workforce
is
likely
to
occur
in
China,for
instance.
例如,在中国很可能发生年轻劳动力的极大减少。
Emerson
would
always
set
down
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
爱默生总是把冒出的新想法记下来。
【高考典句】(2020·全国Ⅲ)We
are
the
products
of
evolution,and
not
just
evolution
that
occurred
billions
of
years
ago.
我们是进化的产物,而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。
温馨提示occur的过去式和过去分词都为occurred。sth
occurs/occurred
to
sb是固定句式,意为“某人想到某事”。
An
accident
occurred.
一场意外发生了。
An
idea
occurred
to
her.
她想到了一个点子。
考点延伸
阅读下面的句子,体会画线单词的词性及含义
Flood
is
a
common
occurrence
in
this
area.
词性
名词 含义
事情
(1)occur为非延续性动词,通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
×
The
accident
has
occurred
for
three
days.
√
The
accident
occurred
three
days
ago.
√
It
has
been
three
days
since
the
accident
occurred.
事故已发生三天了。
(2)occur本身已含有“突然,出乎意料”之意,但却可以与suddenly连用。
It
suddenly
occurred
to
me
that
we
could
ask
him
for
help.
我突然想到我们可以请他帮忙。
(3)表示意料之中或计划之中的事,应用take
place,不用occur,happen。
2.Try
to
use
the
expressions
above
to
indicate
that
you
are
listening
carefully
to
your
partner.(Page
7)
尽量使用上面的词组来表明你在认真听你的搭档说话。
★考点 indicate
vt.标示;表明
Progress
indicates
a
person’s
ability
to
change
the
way
he
is
living
at
the
moment.
(这些)进步表明一个人有改变他现在生活方式的能力。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,体会画线单词的词性及含义
①Please
indicate
which
free
gift
you
would
like
to
receive.
词性
动词 含义
指出,指示
②A
red
sky
at
night
often
indicates
fine
weather
the
next
day.
词性
动词 含义
暗示,预示
③There
was
a
clear
indication
that
they
were
in
financial
difficulty.
词性
名词 含义
迹象,征兆
3.Apparently
he’d
been
shocked
when
he
saw
a
terrible
accident
in
which
a
tram’s
brakes
failed,the
conductor
could
not
control
the
situation
and
the
tram
slipped
down
the
hill
dragging
the
horses
with
it.(Page
8)
他曾经看到过一次可怕的交通事故:由于一辆马车刹车失灵,驾车的人无法控制局面,车子和马一起从山上滑了下去,很明显这让他极为震惊。
剖析in
which
a
tram’s
brakes
failed...是定语从句,修饰a
terrible
accident。
Last
weekend
I
went
to
a
school,in
which
I
graduated.
上周末,我去了我毕业的那个学校。
★考点 slip
vi.滑动;滑行;滑跤
Seeing
the
big
crowd
coming
towards
him,he
started
to
run
down
the
hill,but
slipped
and
went
down
on
his
hands
and
knees
in
the
melting
snow.
看到人群朝他过来,他开始朝山下跑去但是滑倒了,跪倒在正在融化的雪上。
The
cup
slipped
from
the
child’s
hand.
茶杯从那个孩子的手中滑了出去。
The
girl
is
slipping
on
the
ice.
那个女孩在冰上滑行。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出slip的词性及含义
①A
student
slipped
out
of
the
classroom.
词性
动词 含义
悄悄溜
②She
had
a
bad
slip
on
the
ice.
词性
名词 含义
滑倒
温馨提示slip的过去式和过去分词是slipped,动词-ing形式是slipping。slip作名词时是可数名词。
4.Teamed
up
with
a
couple
from
my
hotel(Peter
and
Terri)and
hired
a
car.(Page
8)
同饭店里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴,一起租了一辆小汽车。
★考点一 team
up
with
与……合作或一起工作
The
professor
teamed
up
with
his
assistant
to
finish
the
experiment.
教授和他的助手合作来完成这项实验。
They
teamed
up
with
the
scientists
from
the
UN
to
fight
against
the
disease.
他们与从联合国来的科学家携手同这种疾病做斗争。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的含义或意义
①I
think
it
will
be
building
team
spirit
among
the
co-workers.
意义
团队精神,合作精神
②She
stressed
the
importance
of
good
teamwork.
含义
协同工作;配合
★考点二 hire
vt.&
n.租用;雇用
They
hired
a
car
for
ten
days.
他们租用了一辆汽车十天。
She
hired
a
nurse
for
her
mother.
她为母亲雇了一位保姆。
I
took
my
driving
license
with
me
on
holiday,in
case
I
wanted
to
hire
a
car.
度假时我随身携带驾驶证以备租车之需。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的意义
①The
company
hires
out
machinery
by
the
day.
意义
出租(某物)
②Bicycles
for
hire!
意义
可供出租
(2)辨析:employ,hire和rent
③employ意为“雇,雇人”,指商店或公司长期雇用人。
The
company
will
employ
fifty
more
people.
公司将再雇用50个人。
④hire意为“短期租借,雇”,指按工作量或时间雇用或租借,宾语可为人或物。
He
hired
a
suit
for
the
wedding.
他租借了一套衣服参加婚礼。
⑤rent意为“租”,指长期租用或出租(房屋、土地等),一般以物作宾语。
I
have
rented
a
house
and
paid
the
rent.
我已租了一套房子,并付了租金。
5.There’s
a
fascinating
drive
marked
out
for
tourists.(Page
8)
有一种专为旅游者选定的吸引人的驾车游活动。
★考点 mark
out
用线画出范围;标出……界线
When
doing
my
reading,I
often
mark
out
what
I
regard
as
important
in
a
book.
读书的时候,我常在书上把我认为要紧的地方标出来。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出mark的相关短语及意义
①Just
a
moment,let
me
mark
down
your
name
and
address.
短语
mark
down 意义
写下;记下?
②Some
shops
marked
up
the
goods
unfairly.
短语
mark
up 意义
提高……价格?
③I
always
mark
papers
with
a
red
pen
so
that
the
mistakes
are
easy
to
see.
短语
mark...with... 意义
用……给……做记号
mark
out
用线画出范围;标出……界线;制定(计划)
mark
down
写下;记下;降低……的价格/分数
mark
up
提高……的价格;标出
mark...with...用……给……做记号
6.It’s
a
79
km
round-trip
that
takes
in
all
the
famous
tourist
spots.(Page
8)
这是一次往返79千米的旅行,它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。
剖析that
takes
in
all
the
famous
tourist
spots是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a
79
km
round-trip。
★考点 take
in
包括
This
article
takes
in
all
aspects
of
the
problem.
这篇文章包括这个问题的所有方面。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的意义
①The
kind
farmer
took
in
the
homeless
child.
意义
收留
②Don’t
let
yourself
be
taken
in
by
these
politicians.
意义
欺骗
③It
was
several
minutes
before
I
took
in
what
he
was
saying.
意义
理解;明白
④The
more
fat
you
take
in
before
bedtime,the
greater
burden
you
will
put
on
your
body
at
night.
意义
吸收
(2)阅读下列句子,指出take的相关短语及意义
⑤I
won’t
take
up
much
of
your
time.
短语
take
up 意义
占用?
⑥Peter
will
take
over
as
managing
director
when
Bill
retires.
短语
take
over 意义
接任?
⑦He
is
always
ready
to
take
on
heavy
responsibilities.
短语
take
on 意义
承担?
⑧Reporters
took
down
every
word
of
his
speech.
短语
take
down 意义
记下?
⑨The
nursery
teachers
often
lead
children
to
watch
planes
take
off
or
land.
短语
take
off 意义
(飞机等)起飞?
take
in
包含;收留;欺骗;明白,理解;吸收
take
up
占用
take
over
接任
take
on
承担
take
down
记下
take
off
(飞机等)起飞
7.Saw
some
interesting
temples
here,a
number
of
markets
and
a
great
many
restaurants.(Page
8)
在这儿看到了一些有趣的寺庙,不少的集贸市场和大量的餐馆。
★考点 a
great/good
many许多;很多
In
the
snowstorm,a
great
many
students
are
waiting
in
long
lines
to
sign
for
the
art
test.
在暴风雪中,许多学生排队等候艺术考试报名。
I
have
a
good
many
things
to
do.
我有很多事情要做。
I’ve
known
her
for
a
great
many
years.
我认识她很多年了。
归纳
a
good/great
many后接复数名词,但a
good/great
many后接of时,必须加限定词,如these/those/the/one’s等,然后再加复数名词。
考点延伸
(1)a
great/good
many修饰可数名词,类似的短语还有quite
a
few;a
large/great
number
of;scores
of;dozens
of等。
Quite
a
few
football
fans
have
arrived
in
Brazil.
许多足球迷已经到达了巴西。
(2)修饰不可数名词的短语有a
great
deal
of;a
great/good
amount
of等。
There
is
a
great
deal
of
oil
on
the
surface
of
the
sea
after
the
accident.
事故发生后,海面上有大量的石油。
(3)many
a/an
修饰单数名词,其后的谓语动词形式用单数,但是其意义是“很多”。
Many
a
student
is
reading
English.
很多学生在读英语。
(4)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有a
lot
of,lots
of,plenty
of,a
large
quantity
of,(large)
quantities
of等。
There
is
plenty
of
rain
in
this
area.
这个地区雨水充足。
Large
quantities
of
books
are
provided
for
the
library
by
him.
他为这个图书馆提供了大量的书籍。
8.From
1882
to
1940
Angel
Island
was
a
famous
immigration
station
where
many
Chinese
people
applied
for
right
to
live
in
USA.(Page
8)
在1882年到1940年期间,天使岛是著名的移民居住区,在那里,许多中国人申请在美国的居住权。
★考点 apply
for申请;请示得到
How
many
jobs
had
you
applied
for
before
you
were
offered
this
one?
你在得到这份工作之前申请过多少份工作?
When
the
time
came
to
make
the
final
decision
for
a
course,I
decided
to
apply
for
the
one
that
reflected
my
interest.
当需要做选择课程的最终决定时,我还是决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。
She
had
applied
for
a
doctor’s
licence
in
both
Montreal
and
Winnipeg,but
was
refused.
她在蒙特利尔和温尼伯申请医生执照,但是被拒绝了。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出apply的相关短语及意义
①Apply
the
cream
sparingly
to
your
face
and
neck.
短语
apply
to 意义
涂;敷?
②They
have
applied
the
new
technology
to
farming.
短语
apply...to... 意义
把……应用于……
③He
applied
himself
to
learning
English.
短语
apply
oneself
to 意义
专心致志于?
(2)apply
vt.申请;应用
applicant
n.申请人
application
n.申请书;申请
All
the
applicants
can
apply
in
person
or
by
letter
and
at
the
same
time
should
hand
in
their
applications
before
May
6th.
所有申请者都可亲自或以书信形式申请,同时必须在五月六日前递交申请(书)。
apply
for
申请;请示得到
apply
to
涂;敷;适用
apply...to...把……应用于……
apply
oneself
to...
专心致志于
9.The
cells
in
the
station
were
very
small,cold
and
damp;some
did
not
even
have
light
but
the
immigrants
had
nowhere
else
to
go.(Page
8)
移民站的房间又小又冷又潮湿,一些房间甚至没有光,但是移民们没有其他去处。
★考点 nowhere
adv.
无处;到处都无
I
went
nowhere;I
just
stayed
at
home.
我什么地方都没去,就待在家里。
Maybe
you
have
been
to
many
places,but
nowhere
else
can
you
find
such
a
beautiful
place.
你或许去过很多地方,但是你再也找不到比这更美的地方了。
归纳
当否定副词nowhere置于句首时,句子习惯上要用倒装语序。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出nowhere的相关短语及意义
①The
children
were
nowhere
to
be
found/seen.
短语
nowhere
to
be
found/seen 意义
找不到/看不见?
②We
discussed
it
all
morning
but
got
nowhere.
短语
get
nowhere 意义
毫无进展?
③1000
yuan
is
nowhere
near
to
buy
a
new
computer.
短语
nowhere
near 意义
远非;绝不?
温馨提示nowhere置于句首时,句子要用倒装语序。
×
Nowhere
else
one
could
find
such
beautiful
scenery.
√
Nowhere
else
could
one
find
such
beautiful
scenery.
人们在其他任何地方都找不到这样的美景。
10.In
1940
the
civil
authorities
reformed
the
system
so
that
many
more
Chinese
people
were
able
to
grasp
the
opportunity
of
settling
in
the
USA.(Page
8)
在1940年,民政部门改革了制度,使得更多的中国人能够得到机会在美国定居。
★考点一 reform
v.改革;革新
The
law
needs
to
be
reformed.
法律需要改革。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出reform的词性及含义
①Alan
had
tried
to
reform,but
still
a
criminal.
词性
动词 含义
改造(行为),改过自新
②Some
schools
will
have
to
make
adjustments
in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
词性
名词 含义
改革
★考点二 grasp
vt.
抓住;抓紧
He
grasped
the
rope
firmly.
他紧紧抓住绳子。
He
grasped
my
hand
and
shook
it
warmly.
他抓住我的手热情地和我握手。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出grasp的含义
①It
takes
a
long
time
to
grasp
a
foreign
language.
含义
掌握
②They
failed
to
grasp
the
importance
of
his
words.
含义
领会,理解
③She
grasped
at
the
swinging
rope,but
missed.
含义
企图抓住
一、写作词汇检测
A.根据每一组的提示词完成或翻译句子。
1.indicate
(1)Did
he
give
you
any
of
his
feelings??
(2)他指明该走哪条路。
答案:(1)indication (2)He
indicated
the
road
to
follow.
2.punishment
(1)Dangerous
driving
should
?with
imprisonment.?
(2)他因偷窃而受到的刑罚是一年监禁。
答案:(1)be
punished (2)His
punishment
for
stealing
was
a
year
in
prison.
3.thankful
(1)I’d
like
to
express
my
?to
all
of
you.?
(2)他们庆幸冬天已经过去。
答案:(1)thanks (2)They
were
thankful
when
the
winter
was
over.
4.reform
(1)For
years
I
was
alcoholic,but
I
have
completely
?.?
(2)每位候选人都承诺政府改革。
答案:(1)reformed (2)Each
candidate
promised
reforms
in
the
government.
5.grasp
(1)I
don’t
think
you
how
serious
the
situation
is.?
(2)她对汉语语法相当了解。
答案:(1)have
grasped (2)She
has
a
good
grasp
of
Chinese
grammar.
B.根据图画内容及所给词语造句。
(back
to
back,read)
答案:The
two
boys
sat
there
back
to
back,reading.
(crossing,sure)
答案:They
are
not
sure
where
to
go
at
the
crossing.
(slip,banana
peel)
答案:The
man
slipped
on
the
banana
peel.
二、阅读词汇检测
阅读下列句子,写出黑体词的含义。
1.Insert
your
money
and
then
dial
the
number.?
答案:塞进
2.When
they
came
to
themselves,they
found
dozens
of
seagulls
flying
over
their
heads.?
答案:海鸥
3.We
must
consider
this
problem
from
all
angles
.?
答案:角度
4.Yesterday
I
bought
some
cakes
at
the
bakery
on
the
way
home.?
答案:面包房
5.He
spoke
with
authority
and
everybody
listened.?
答案:权威
6.For
no
apparent
reason
she
started
to
yell
at
me.?
答案:明显的
三、单句填空
1.He
was
(apparent)much
surprised
at
the
news.?
答案:apparently
2.Ask
the
(conduct)to
put
you
off
at
the
next
village.?
答案:conductor
3.I
have
no
doubt
that
the
man
is
guilty
and
that
he
deserves
(punish).?
答案:punishment
4.I
was
(thank)
to
see
they
had
all
arrived
safely.?
答案:thankful
5.The
possibility
that
he
might
be
wrong
never
?(occur)
to
him.?
答案:occurred
