人教版必修一UNIT1-3重点总结&词汇串记
【核心词汇及用法归纳】
attitude
n．态度；看法
What's
your
attitude
to/towards
this
idea?
你对这种意见看法如何？
base
vt.以……为根据
n．基部；基地；基础
One
should
always
base
his
opinion
on
facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
[拓展归纳]
base
sth
on/upon...把……以……为基础/根据
base
sth
in/at把(总部，基地)设在……
be
based
on/upon以……为基础
at
the
base
of在……的底部；在……的基点
command
n．&
vt.命令；指令；掌握
He
has
a
hundred
men
under
his
command.
他指挥一百个人。
He
commanded
that
I
(should)
complete
my
project
ahead
of
time.
他命令我提前完成我的项目。
[拓展归纳]
(1)have
a
good
command
of精通(语言等)
under
the
command
of
sb
＝under
sb's
command
由……指挥；由……控制
take
command
of控制……
(2)command
that
sb
(should)
do
sth
命令某人做某事
command
sb
to
do
sth
命令某人做某事
concern
vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到
n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
The
accident
was
concerned
with
the
bus
driver.
这次事故与公交车司机有关。
There
is
some
cause
for
concern
but
no
need
for
alarm.
是有点令人忧虑，
但不必惊慌。
[拓展归纳]
concerned
adj.担心的；关注的
be
concerned
about/for关心；担忧；挂念
be
concerned
with牵涉到……，与……有关
as/so
far
as...be
concerned关于；至于；就……而言
determine
vt.决定；确定；下定决心
determined
adj.坚决的；有决心的
Let's
determine
a
date
for
the
meeting.
让我们确定一下会议的日期。
I
was
determined
to
have
another
try，even
if
I
might
fail
again.
即使还有可能失败，我仍决心再试一次。
[拓展归纳]
(1)determine
to
do...决定做……(表示动作)
determine
on/upon
(doing)．..决定(做)……
determine
sb
to
do...使某人下决心做……
be
determined
to
do...决心做……(表示状态)
(2)determination
n．决心；决定
disadvantage
n．不利条件；不便之处
His
bad
health
is
a
great
disadvantage
to
him.
他身体不好是他的不利之处。
[拓展归纳]
advantage
n．有利条件，有利因素，优势
disagree
vi.不同意
It
is
difficult
to
disagree
with
the
chairman
on
this
point.
在这点上很难与主席持不同意见。
[拓展归纳]
disagree
with
sb不同意某人
disagree
about/on/over
sth不同意某事
frequent
adj.频繁的；常见的
She
was
a
fairly
frequent
visitor
to
the
house.
她算是这家的常客。
[拓展归纳]
frequently
adv.
常常；频繁地
fluent
adj.流利的；流畅的
She
is
fluent
in
five
languages.她通晓五种语言。
[拓展归纳]
fluently
adv.
流利地；流畅地
grateful
adj.感激的；表示谢意的
I'm
so
grateful
to
you
for
all
that
you've
done.
对于你所做的一切我非常感激。
[拓展归纳]
be
grateful
to
sb
for
sth
因某事而感激某人
be
grateful
to
do
sth
因做某事而感激
be
grateful
that...感激……
graduate
vi.毕业
n．大学毕业生
He
graduated
from
Oxford
in
the
class
of
1978.
他是牛津大学1978届毕业生。
He
is
a
high
school/college
graduate.
他是中学/大学毕业生。
[拓展归纳]
(1)graduate
in获得……学位；毕业于……专业
graduate
from毕业于……学校
(2)graduation
n．毕业
gradual
adj.逐渐的；逐步的
The
doctor
noticed
a
gradual
improvement
in
his
patient.
医生注意到病人在逐渐恢复健康。
[拓展归纳]
gradually
adv.
逐渐地；逐步地
ignore
vt.不理睬；忽视
Either
she
didn't
see
me
wave
or
she
ignored
me
on
purpose.
要么她没看见我招手，要么就是故意不理我。
[拓展归纳]
ignorant
adj.不了解的，无知的
ignorance
n．不了解，无知
latter
adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的
He'll
go
to
school
in
the
latter
part
of
the
year.
后半年他将上学了。
This
latter
point
is
of
great
importance.
这后一个论点是非常重要的。
native
adj.本国的；本地的
n．本地人；本国人
The
tiger
is
native
to
India.这种虎原产于印度。
Are
you
a
native，or
just
a
visitor?
你是本地人还是外来人？
[拓展归纳]
be
native
to原产于，土生土长的
pack
vi.&
vt.捆扎；包装；打行李
n．小包；包裹
As
soon
as
I
graduated，I
packed
my
bags
and
moved
to
the
west
of
China.
一毕业我就收拾行李去了中国西部。
A
pack
of
reporters
were
waiting
outside
for
the
latest
news.
一群记者在外面等待最新消息。
[拓展归纳]
a
pack
of一帮，一伙，一群，一包
persuade
vt.说服；劝说
Don't
let
yourself
be
persuaded
into
buying
things
you
don't
really
want.
不要听信别人的劝说去买你并不真正想要的东西。
I
persuaded
him
not
to
smoke
again.＝I
persuaded
him
out
of
smoking.
我说服他不再吸烟了。
注意：persuade表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；advise表示“劝说，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。“劝说但不一定有效果”应表述为：advise
sb
to
do
sth
或try
to
persuade
sb
to
do
sth。
prefer
vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
Would
you
prefer
me
to
stay?
你愿意我留下来吗？
My
mother
prefers
working
to
sitting
idly.
妈妈喜欢干活而不喜欢闲呆着。
[拓展归纳]
prefer
to
do/doing
sth
宁愿做某事；更喜欢做某事
prefer
sb
to
do
sth
宁愿某人做某事
prefer
that...宁愿……
prefer
(doing)
A
to
(doing)
B与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A
prefer
to
do
A
rather
than
do
B宁愿做A而不愿做B
power
n．能力；力量；权力
The
power
was
cut
off
and
the
street
was
entirely
in
darkness.
断电后街道完全陷入了黑暗。
She
was
the
one
who
had
the
power
to
hire
or
fire
people.
有权雇用或解雇人的是她。
[拓展归纳]
(1)come
to
power上台，当权，表示动作，不能和一段时间连用。
(2)be
in
power当权，执政，表示状态，可以和一段时间连用。
(3)have
the
power
to
do
sth
具有做某事的能力、权力
beyond/out
of
one's
power某人力所不能及
recognize
vt.辨认出；承认；公认
We
all
recognized
him
to
be/as
a
wise
leader.
我们都承认他是一位英明的领导。
[拓展归纳]
(1)recognize
sb
as/to
be...承认某人是……
recognize
sth
(as
sth)承认；意识到……
recognize
sb
by...通过……认出某人
(2)
recognition
n．承认；认出
reliable
adj.可信赖的；可靠的
John
is
very
reliable；if
he
says
he'll
do
something
he
will
do
it.
约翰非常可靠，他说过要做的事就一定会做。
[拓展归纳]
rely
v．信任，信赖；依赖，依靠
rely
on/upon依靠，依赖
request
n．&
vt.请求；要求
I
request
that
you
(should)
come
here
early.
我要求你早些来。
You
are
requested
not
to
smoke
in
the
theatre.
请不要在剧院里吸烟。
[拓展归纳]
(1)make
a
request
for请求；要求
at
sb's
request＝at
the
request
of
sb
应某人的请求、要求
by
request应……的请求，应邀
(2)request
sb
to
do
sth
要求某人做某事
request
sth
from
sb
(正式或礼貌地)向某人请求或要求某物
注意：request后跟宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
schedule
n．时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间
We
arrived
two
hours
ahead
of
schedule
in
order
not
to
miss
the
train.
为了不错过这趟火车，我们提前两小时到达(火车站)。
The
new
edition
is
scheduled
to
appear
in
May.
新版本预定将于五月份上市。
[拓展归纳]
(1)ahead
of
schedule提前
behind
schedule迟于预定时间
on
schedule准时；按时间表
(2)be
scheduled
for预定；安排
be
scheduled
to
do预定做……
suffer
vt.&
vi.遭受；忍受；经历
We'll
suffer
hunger
one
day
if
we
don't
care
about
the
farmland.
如果我们不关注农田，将来我们会挨饿的。
[拓展归纳]
suffering
n．痛苦；苦难 sufferer
n．患病者；受难者
settle
vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决
They
calmed
down
and
settled
their
problem
soon.
他们镇静下来并很快把问题解决了。
Mr.Wang
settled
down
in
America
soon
after
he
got
there.
王先生到美国后不久就定居下来了。
[拓展归纳]
(1)settle
down舒适地坐下；安静下来；定居下来
settle
down
to
sth/doing
sth开始认真对待某事；定下心来做某事
(2)settlement
n．解决；协议
straight
adv.直接；挺直
adj.直的；笔直的；正直的
There
is
a
straight
line
under
the
sentence.
句子下面有一条直线。
He
went
straight
from
school
to
university.
他中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
transport
n．运送；运输 vt.运输；运送
A
bus
transported
us
from
the
airport
to
the
city.
一辆公共汽车把我们从飞机场送到城里。
[拓展归纳]
(1)transport...(from...)
to...把……(从……)运到……
be
transported
by用……运输
public
transport公共交通
(2)transportation(美)＝transport(英)运输，交通工具
tip
n．提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt.倾斜；翻倒
Take
a
safety
tip
from
me—get
that
light
mended!
听我一句安全建议吧——找人修修那盏灯！
The
bottle
tipped
over
and
all
the
water
spilled
out.
瓶子倒了，水全洒了。
upset
adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt.(upset，upset)
使不安；使心烦；打翻，碰倒；打乱
She
was
upset
about
losing
her
job.
她正为失去工作而心烦意乱。
Losing
the
ring
upset
her
very
much.
遗失戒指使她很心烦意乱。
[拓展归纳]
be
upset
about/over/at
sth
为某事心烦
upset
oneself
about
sth
为某事而烦恼
view
n．风景；视野；观点；见解 vt.观看；注视；考虑
He
holds
strong
views
on
race.
他对种族问题的观点很鲜明。
He
determined
to
view
the
rooms
behind
the
office.
他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
[拓展归纳]
(1)on
view展览着；陈列着
in
view
of考虑到；由于
come
into
view看得见；进入视野
in
one's
view在某人看来
(2)view...as...把……看作……
【核心短语】
a
series
of
一连串的；一系列；一套
Then
they
began
a
series
of
experiments.
这时他们开始了一系列的试验。
add
up
合计；加起来
I'm
going
to
add
up
all
the
money
I
have.
我要合计一下我所有的钱。
[拓展归纳]
(1)add的意思是“把……加上去”，不是“增加”，如“增加工资”，应用increase或raise。
(2)add
to增加；add
up
to合计达；add...to...把……加到……
Please
add
up
the
numbers
and
I'm
sure
they
will
add
up
to
more
than
1，000.
请把这些数字加起来，我确信它们加起来多于1
000。
as
usual
照常
As
usual，they
leave
the
children
with
Susan
at
home.
像平常一样，他们把孩子们留在家里让苏珊照看。
[拓展归纳]
than
usual比平时(用于比较结构的句子)
at
present
现在；目前
Affairs
at
present
are
very
unsettled.
目前的事态很不稳定。
believe
it
or
not信不信由你
(常用作插入语，也叫独立成分)
Believe
it
or
not，I'm
feeling
quite
homesick.
信不信由你，反正我觉得非常想家。
because
of
因为；由于
Because
it
was
raining
outside，we
had
to
stay
at
home.
由于外面在下雨，我们只好呆在家里。
[拓展归纳]
(1)because
of为介词短语，后接n./pron./v.－ing/what从句等作宾语。
(2)because是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。
be
fond
of
喜爱；喜欢
I'm
fond
of
pop
music.我喜欢流行音乐。
care
about
关心；忧虑；惦念
He
likes
pop；he
doesn't
care
for
classic
music.
他喜欢流行歌曲，不喜欢古典音乐。
[拓展归纳]
care
for喜欢；照顾，照料；关心
change
one's
mind
改变主意
You
say
you
won't
smoke
any
longer，but
you'll
soon
change
your
mind.
你说你不再吸烟了，可是很快就会变卦的。
[拓展归纳]
lose
one's
mind失去理智
keep/bear...in
mind记住
calm(...)
down
(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
The
crying
child
soon
calmed
down.
哭闹的小孩儿不一会儿就安静下来了。
come
up
走近；上来；提出
The
sky
was
dark
blue
when
the
moon
came
up.
月亮出来时天空是深蓝色的。
A
new
suggestion
came
up
at
the
meeting.
会上提出了一个新建议。
[拓展归纳]
come
up
with提出
come
about发生(常与how连用)
come
out开花；出版，发表；罢工
come
to共计，总计；(总数)达到
come
along到达；跟着来
注意：come
up被提及，其主语是被提出的内容，主动形式表示被动含义；come
up
with提出，其主语是提出动作的发出者，后面的宾语才是被提出的内容。
dream
about/of梦到；梦想
My
younger
brother
dreams
of/about
becoming
a
spaceman.
我弟弟梦想成为一名宇航员。
注意：about/of是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
ever
since
从那以后
We've
been
friends
ever
since
we
met
at
school.
自从我们在学校认识之后，我们就一直是好朋友。
[拓展归纳]
ever
since从那以后，后接从句或短语，通常与完成时态连用。ever
since还可以作副词单独使用，在句中作状语。
fall
in
love
相爱；爱上
The
first
time
Tom
saw
Mary，he
fell
in
love
with
her.Tom
第一次见到Mary就爱上了她。
[拓展归纳]
(1)fall
in
love
(with
sb)爱上(某人)，表示动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
(2)be
in
love
(with
sb)
(与某人)
相爱，属状态性动词短语，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
get/be
tired
of
对……厌烦
get/be
tired
from/with因……而疲倦、劳累
give
in
投降；屈服；让步
I
have
to
give
in
to
their
demands.
我不得不向他们的要求让步。
[拓展归纳]
give
away赠送，给予；泄露
give
back归还；恢复
give
off发出(气味、气体等)
give
out散发(声、光、热等)；用完，耗尽；分发
give
up放弃；戒掉
go
through
经历，经受；穿过；仔细检查；完成；用完
I
went
through
the
same
thing
last
year.
我去年也经历了同样的事情。
I
can't
go
through
the
book
in
one
day.
这本书我一天看不完。
[拓展归纳]
go
up上升；攀登；增长；被建造起来
go
with陪……一起去；伴随；与……相配
go
without
没有，缺乏，将就；不言而喻，理所当然
go
wrong出毛病；失败
in
order
to
为了……
In
order
to
catch
the
train，she
got
up
early.
为了赶上火车，她起床很早。
He
decided
to
work
harder
so
as
to/in
order
to
catch
up
with
the
others.
他决心更加努力学习，以便赶上其他人。
[拓展归纳]
in
order
to为了……，表目的，后接动词原形，可位于句首或句中，相当于so
as
to，但后者不能位于句首。其否定形式为：in
order
not
to/so
as
not
to。
join
in
参加；加入
They
danced
and
danced
until
a
lot
of
us
joined
in.
他们不停地跳着舞，直到我们中间许多人都参加了进去。
[拓展归纳]
(1)join
in指参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词，可用于join
in
(doing)
sth/join
sb
in
(doing)
sth。
(2)join常指加入某组织或团体，并成为其中的一员，其宾语往往是the
army/team/club或sb
等。
more...than...比……更……，与其说……倒不如说……
He
is
more
lucky
than
clever.
与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。
[拓展归纳]
more
than
one＋单数名词，意为“不止一个……”，在语意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
make
use
of
利用；使用
We
could
make
better
use
of
our
resources.
我们可以更有效地利用我们的资源。
[拓展归纳]
make
good/full/little
use
of好好/充分/不充分利用
make
the
best/most
of充分利用
make
up
one's
mind
下决心；决定
Once
she
has
made
up
her
mind，nothing
can
change
it.
她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变主意。
[拓展归纳]
make
up
one's
mind
to
do
sth
下决心/决定做某事
no
longer/not...any
longer
不再……
He
was
long
a
famous
musician，but
he
plays
no
longer/doesn't
play
any
longer.
他成为有名的音乐家已很久了，但他现在不演奏了。
on
purpose
故意
I
came
here
on
purpose
to
see
you.我特地来这里看你。
play
a
part
(in)
扮演一个角色；参与
He
played
an
important
part
in
carrying
through
the
whole
plan.
他在完成整个计划中起着重要的作用。
[拓展归纳]
play
the
part/role
of扮演……的角色
take
(an
active)
part
in
(积极)参加
set
down
记下；放下；登记
I
don't
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary
as
most
people
do.
我不想像大多数人那样做的在日记里记下一系列的事实。
[拓展归纳]
set
down记下；放下；登记；让某人下车
set
aside把……放在一边；省出，留出(钱或时间)
set
up建立；创立；开办
set
off动身；使爆炸
set
about
(doing)
sth
开始/着手(做)某事
set
out出发，动身；开始(后跟不定式)
suffer
from
遭受；患病
Do
you
often
suffer
from
a
headache?
你经常头痛吗？
[拓展归纳]
(1)suffer后常接hunger，pain，loss，defeat，poverty，punishment，hardship，damage等名词作宾语。
(2)suffer
from后常接表示疾病的名称或造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名称作宾语。
【核心句式】
As
we
know，British
English
is
a
little
different
from
American
English.
众所周知，英式英语与美式英语有所不同。
When
I
told
her
the
air
would
be
hard
to
breathe
and
it
would
be
very
cold，she
said
it
would
be
an
interesting
experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄、呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
This
is
because
in
the
early
days
of
radio，those
who
reported
the
news
were
expected
to
speak
excellent
English.这是因为在无线电初期，对新闻播音员的要求是讲一口极好的英语。
I
do
want
to
change
this
situation，but
I
don't
know
how.
我确实想要改变这种情况，但是却不知道如何去做。
So
by
the
1600's
Shakespeare
was
able
to
make
use
of
a
wider
vocabulary
than
ever
before.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都多。
Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English.
以英语为母语的人能够互相理解，即便他们说的不是同一种英语。
We
can
hardly
wait
to
see
them!
我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！
She
found
it
difficult
to
settle
and
calm
down
in
the
hiding
place...
她觉得在藏身的地方难以安定和平静下来……
She
broke
your
camera
and
you
had
to
pay
to
get
it
repaired.她弄坏了你的照相机，你不得不花钱修好。
...it
was
the
first
time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
I'd
seen
the
night
face
to
face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
Mother
asked
her
if/whether
she
was
very
hot
with
so
many
clothes
on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是否很热。
Do
you
know
that
there
is
more
than
one
kind
of
English?
你知道有不止一种英语吗？
It
was
based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们现在所说的英语则不是。
A
determined
person
always
tries
to
finish
the
job，no
matter
how
hard
it
is.一个意志坚定的人，无论工作多么艰难，总是设法完成。
It's
no
pleasure
looking
through
these
any
longer
because
nature
is
one
thing
that
really
must
be
experienced.
观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
Our
legs
were
so
heavy
and
cold
that
they
felt
like
blocks
of
ice.我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。
Believe
it
or
not，there
is
no
such
thing
as
standard
English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
So
people
from
the
mountains
in
the
southeastern
USA
speak
with
almost
the
same
dialect
as
people
in
the
northwestern
USA.所以来自美国东南部山区的人和来自美国西北部的人几乎说着同样的方言。
At
first
the
English
spoken
in
England
between
about
AD
450
and
1150
was
very
different
from
the
English
spoken
today.起初大约在公元450年和公元1150年间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语很不一样。
Your
friend
can't
go
until
he
finishes
cleaning
his
bicycle.你的朋友直到擦完自行车之后才能去。
Although
she
didn't
know
the
best
way
of
getting
to
places，she
insisted
that
she
organize
the
trip
properly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。
However，on
TV
and
the
radio
you
will
hear
differences
in
the
way
people
speak.但是，从电视和收音机上，你会听到人们不同的说话方式。
I
wonder
if
it's
because
I
haven't
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long
that
I've
grown
so
crazy
about
everything
to
do
with
nature.
我不知道是不是因为我长期无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
【词汇串记】
语篇1：
Begin
to
love
English
A
teenager，__1__
(hide)
behind
the
loose
dusty
curtain，packed
up
his
overcoat
into
the
suitcase.He
planned
to
leave
home
__2__
dusk
though
there
was
thunder
and
lightning
outdoors.He
had
got
to
do
this
because
he
was
tired
of
his
parents'
nagging
about
his
English
study
and
did
not
want
to
go
through
it
any
__3__
(long)．He
couldn't
get
along
well
with
English
and
__4__
(like)
joining
in
English
classes
because
he
thought
his
teacher
ignored
him
__5__
purpose.As
__6__
result，his
score
in
each
exam
never
added
up
to
over
60.
His
partner
was
concerned
about
him
very
much.She
understood
__7__(exact)
what
he
was
suffering
from，but
entirely
disagreed
with
his
idea.In
order
to
calm
him
down
and
settle
his
problem，she
talked
with
him
face
to
face
and
__8__
(swap)
a
series
of
learning
tips
with
him.The
__9__
(item)
she
set
down
helped
him
find
the
highway
to
studying
English
well.
The
teenager
was
grateful
and
got
great
power
from
his
friend's
words.Now，he
has
recovered
from
being
upset
and__10__
(fall)
in
love
with
English.
语篇2：
Different
Kinds
of
English
in
Different
Countries
Voyages
of
people
from
England
play
an
important
part
in
__1__(spread)
the
English
language.At
present，English
__2__(be)
frequently
spoken
as
an
official
or
common
language
in
many
countries，such
__3__
America，Singapore，Malaysia
and
some
African
countries.All
__4__(base)
on
British
English，the
English
spoken
in
these
countries
can
be
well
understood
by
native
English
speakers.But
__5__(actual)，these
kinds
of
English
have
been
gradually
changing
in
accents，spellings，__6__(express)
and
the
usage
of
vocabulary.
Because
of
this
fact，you
can
make
use
of
the
differences
__7__(tell)
which
country
the
foreigners
of
your
block
are
from.For
example，__8__
a
boss
fluently
commands
his
driver，“Come
up
straight
to
my
apartment
by
elevator
and
take
some
gas
for
my
trucks
and
cabs”，instead
of
requesting，“Please
come
to
my
flat
by
lift
__9__
take
some
petrol
for
my
lorries
and
taxis”，you
can
recognize
__10__(he)
American
identity，while
the
latter
suggests
that
he
is
British.
语篇3：
An
Unforgettable
Trip
My
sister
was
fond
of
traveling.Ever
since
graduating，she
__1__(determine)
to
organize
a
trip
to
an
old
temple.Since
transporting
fare
was
expensive，she
decided
to
use
__2__
bicycle
to
cycle
there
not
__3__(care)
about
the
disadvantages.Her
stubborn
attitude
was
always
her
shortcoming.Once
she
made
up
her
mind
to
do
something，no
one
could
persuade
her
to
change
her
mind.Finally，we
gave
in
as
usual
__4__
we
preferred
to
take
a
train.After
we
prepared
everything，__5__(include)
the
schedule，reliable
weather
forecast
and
the
insurance，we
began
our
trip.
Our
journey
was
along
a
river
__6__(flow)
from
a
high
altitude.Our
pace
was
slow
because
the
river
__7__(frequent)
had
many
sharp
bends
through
deep
valleys，__8__
the
water
seemed
to
boil.Just
as
I
recorded
in
my
journal，it
was
really
a
hard
journey.But
we
also
enjoyed
great
__9__(view)．One
night，I
put
my
head
on
my
pillow—a
parcel
of
wool
coats，and
lay
beneath
the
stars.When
the
flame
in
front
of
our
cave
went
out
__10__
midnight，I
found
the
sky
so
beautiful!
语篇1答案：
1.hiding 2.at 3.longer 4.disliked 5.on
6．a 7.exactly 8.swapped 9.items 10.has
fallen
语篇2答案：
1.spreading 2.is 3.as 4.based 5.actually
6．expressions 7.to
tell 8.if/when 9.and 10.his
语篇3答案：
1.had
(been)
determined 2.a 3.caring
4．though/although
5.including
6.flowing 7.frequently 8.where 9.views 10.at人教版必修一UNIT4-5重点总结&词汇串记
【核心词汇及用法归纳】
attack
vt.&
n.
进攻；攻击；抨击
He
was
attacked
for
his
speech
on
all
the
newspapers.
所有的报纸都因他的言论对他进行抨击。
[拓展归纳]
(1)attack
sb
for
(doing)
sth
因(做)某事而责难某人
be
attacked
with患/得(病)
(2)make
an
attack
on/against攻击，袭击；抨击
under
attack遭到攻击；遭到抨击
bury
vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
Since
his
wife
left，he
has
buried
himself
in
his
work.
自从妻子离开以来，他一直都埋头于工作。
[拓展归纳]
bury
one's
face/head
in
one's
hands用手捂住脸/头
bury
oneself
in/be
buried
in...埋头于/专心于……
burst
vi.(burst，burst)
爆裂；爆发
n．突然破裂；爆发
She
burst
into
tears
on
hearing
the
sad
news.
一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。
Upon
his
appearance，there
was
a
burst
of
applause.
他一出现就爆发了一阵掌声。
[拓展归纳]
(1)burst
in打断；闯入；突然出现
burst
into...突然开始；闯入……
burst
into
laughter/tears
＝
burst
out
laughing/crying突然大笑/哭起来
(2)a
burst
of一阵……
congratulation
n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
We
sent
our
congratulations
to
her
when
she
passed
the
exam.
当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。
[拓展归纳]
offer/send
one's
congratulations
to
sb
向某人致以祝贺
congratulate
v.
祝贺
devote
vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于
She
devoted
herself
to
her
career
and
never
married
all
her
life.
她全力倾注于自己的事业，一生没有结婚。
[拓展归纳]
(1)devote
one's
life/energy/time...to
(doing)
sth
把某人的生命/精力/时间……用在/献给(做)某事上
devote
oneself
to献身于……；致力于……
be
devoted
to献身于；专心于
(2)devoted
adj.忠实的；深爱的
devotion
n．奉献；忠诚；专心
damage
n．&
vt.损失；损害
Eating
too
much
meat
one
time
will
cause
damage
to
your
stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
[拓展归纳]
do/cause
damage
to对……造成损害
be
badly
damaged遭受严重损害
educate
vt.教育；训练 educated
adj.受过教育的；有教养的
Children
should
be
educated
to
protect
the
environment.应该教育孩子们保护环境。
[拓展归纳]
(1)educate
sb
to
do
sth
教育某人做某事
educate
oneself自学，自修
be
educated
at/in
a
college接受大学教育，上大学
(2)education
n．教育
educator
n．教育工作者；教育家
escape
vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
n．逃跑；逃脱
She
managed
to
escape
from
the
burning
car.
她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
[拓展归纳]
escape
from从……逃脱、逃跑
escape＋
n．/doing
sth
避开(做)某事
escape
death死里逃生
a
narrow
escape九死一生
equal
adj.相等的；平等的 v.
等于；比得上，敌得过
n．同等的人；相等物
It
is
evident
that
he
is
not
equal
to
the
job.
显然，他不能胜任这个工作。
[拓展归纳]
(1)be
equal
to胜任；相等
equal
sb
in
sth
在某方面与某人匹敌
be
without
equal/have
no
equal无与伦比；无敌
(2)equally
adv.
平等地；同样地
equality
n．平等；相等
express
vt.表示；表达
n．快车；速递
Perhaps
I
have
not
expressed
myself
very
well.
或许我未把自己的意思表达清楚。
[拓展归纳]
(1)express...to...向……表达……
express
one's
satisfaction
with...某人对……表示满意
express
oneself表达思想
(2)expression
n．表达，表情
frighten
vt.使惊吓；吓唬
frightened
adj.受惊的；受恐吓的
frightening
adj.令人恐惧的
The
mother
was
so
frightened
when
she
found
her
daughter
lost.当母亲发现女儿不见了，吓坏了。
[拓展归纳]
(1)frighten
sb
into/out
of
(doing)
sth
吓得某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事
frighten
sb/sth
away/off把……吓走(吓跑)
(2)be
frightened
of
(doing)
sth
害怕(做)某事
be
frightened
to
do
sth
害怕/不敢做某事
found
vt.建立；建设
They
founded/set
up
the
company
by
themselves.
他们自己创办了这家公司。
[拓展归纳]
(1)found...on/upon...把……建在……上；把……基于……(此结构一般不用于进行时)
(2)founder
n．奠基者，创立者，创办人
foundation
n．建设，创立；基础
guidance
n．指导；领导
guide
vt.引路，指导
n．指导者；向导，导游
injure
vt.损害；伤害
Most
of
the
injured
were
women
and
children.
大多数伤员都是妇女和儿童。
[拓展归纳]
(1)injured
adj.受伤的
the
injured伤员
(2)injury
n．伤；伤口；伤害
judge
n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决
Judging
from
what
he
said，he
was
very
disappointed.
从他的话来判断，他非常失望。
[拓展归纳]
judge...by/from...根据……判断……
judging
by/from...从……来判断
mean
adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 v．意思是；意欲，打算；意味着
Don't
be
so
mean
to
your
little
brother!
别对你弟弟那么刻薄！
[拓展归纳]
(1)be
mean
to
sb
对某人刻薄
mean
to
do
sth
打算做某事
mean
doing意味着……
be
meant
for为……而准备的
be
meant
to
be...注定成为……
(2)means
n．方式；方法；途径
quality
n．质量；品质；性质
Wine
of
high
quality
costs
more
than
that
of
poor
quality.优质酒比劣质酒花费多。
[拓展归纳]
(1)of
high/good
quality优质的
of
low/poor
quality劣质的
in
quality在质量上
(2)形近意异词：quantity
n．数量；大量
rescue
n．&
vt.援救；营救
All
the
people
nearby
came
to
her
rescue
when
hearing
her
cry
for
help.
周围的人们听到她的呼救声都来营救她。
I
rescued
my
belongings
from
the
flood.
我把财物抢救出来，免遭洪水淹没。
[拓展归纳]
(1)rescue
sb/sth
from...把……从……营救出来
(2)come/go
to
one's
rescue来/去营救某人
come/go
to
the
rescue来/去援救
reward
n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏
They
rewarded
him
for
saving
the
child.
他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。
[拓展归纳]
(1)reward
sb
for
(doing)
sth
为(做)某事奖赏某人
reward
sb
with
sth
用……奖赏(酬谢)某人
(2)as
a
reward
for作为酬谢；作为……的奖赏
in
reward
(for)作为(对……的)回报、奖赏
shelter
n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 v．保护；掩蔽；躲避；遮避(常与介词from搭配)
These
plants
must
be
sheltered
from
direct
sunlight.
这些植物必须被遮起来，使其免受阳光直射。
[拓展归纳]
(1)give
sb
shelter庇护某人
take
shelter
from...躲避……
under
the
shelter
of...在……的庇护下
(2)shelter...from...保护……免受……
shock
vt.&
vi.(使)震惊；震动
n．休克；打击；震惊
I
was
shocked
to
hear
that
he
had
resigned.
听到他辞职的消息我感到很震惊。
The
news
of
my
promotion
came
as
a
shock.
我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。
[拓展归纳]
(1)be
shocked
by/at...对……感到震惊
be
shocked
to
do...因做……而震惊
(2)a
shock一件令人震惊的事
(抽象名词具体化用法)
(3)shocked
adj.感到震惊的
shocking
adj.令人震惊的
sentence
vt.判决；宣判
He
has
been
sentenced
to
pay
a
fine
of
$200
for
drunk
driving.
他因酒驾被判罚款二百美元。
[拓展归纳]
be
sentenced
to被判处……(徒刑)
sentence
sb
to
do...判决某人接受……的刑罚
sentence
sb
to
death判处某人死刑
trap
vt.使陷入困境
n．陷阱；困境
He
was
trapped
in
a
burning
house.
他被困在正在燃烧的房屋里。
It
is
full
of
traps
on
the
Internet.网络上充满了陷阱。
[拓展归纳]
be
trapped
in困在……中，陷在……中
trap
sb
into
(doing)
sth
诱骗某人(做)某事
walk/fall
into
a
trap落入陷阱或圈套
vote
vt.&
vi.投票；选举
n．投票；选票；表决
Whether
you
vote
for
or
against
the
proposal
doesn't
seem
to
matter
very
much.
无论你对这项提议投赞成票还是反对票，好像都不是很重要。
[拓展归纳]
vote
for/against投票赞成/反对
vote
through投票通过
vote
on...就……投票表决
vote
to
do...投票做……
【核心短语】
as
a
matter
of
fact＝in
fact
事实上
I'm
going
there
tomorrow，as
a
matter
of
fact.
其实，我明天是准备去那里。
a
(great)
number
of
许多；大量的
[拓展归纳]
a
(great)
number
of/a
good
many许多；大量(后跟可数名词复数)
a
great
deal/amount
of大量(后跟不可数名词)
a
lot
of/plenty
of/a
quantity
of
许多；大量(后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词)
at
an
end
结束；终结
He
went
on
spending
lavishly
until
his
money
was
at
an
end.
他继续挥霍无度，直到把钱用光为止。
[拓展归纳]
come
to
an
end结束
put
an
end
to使……结束；使……终止
at
the
end
of在……尽头
by
the
end
of到……末为止
in
the
end最后；终于 on
end连续地；不断地
blow
up
使充气；爆炸
A
chemical
factory
blew
up
in
the
North
of
England.
英国北部的一座化工厂爆炸了。
be
known
as＝be
famous
as作为……而出名
Paris
is
known
as
the
fashion
centre.
巴黎以时装中心闻名。
[拓展归纳]
be
known
for因……而出名
be
known
to为……所熟悉/了解
be
proud
of
为……而自豪
(后接名词、代词或动名词)
[拓展归纳]
take
pride
in为……而自豪
in
ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
What
left
the
town
in
ruins?
是什么让这个小镇化为废墟的？
[拓展归纳]
fall
into
ruin毁灭；毁坏
ruin
one's
health损害某人的健康
ruin
oneself毁掉自己，自取灭亡
in
trouble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
[拓展归纳]
(1)ask
for
trouble自找麻烦
get
into
trouble陷入困境
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth
不辞劳苦地做某事
make
trouble惹麻烦
(2)in
pain痛苦地 in
order整齐地
in
anger愤怒地 in
poverty在贫穷中
lose
heart
丧失勇气或信心
[拓展归纳]
lose
one's
heart
to爱上、倾心于……
learn
sth
by
heart背诵，牢记
put
one's
heart
into专心于
break
sb's
heart使某人很伤心
heart
and
soul全心全意，完全地
think
little
of
不在意/看轻……
Mr.Yuan
thinks
little/poorly
of
his
money，but
research.袁先生重视研究，轻视金钱。
[拓展归纳]
think
highly/well/much
of...对……高度评价/重视
think
poorly/little/nothing
of...轻视/认为……无所谓
think
ill/badly
of...认为……不好
turn
to
求助于；致力于
She
turned
to
the
study
of
medicine
after
graduation.
毕业后，她致力于医学研究。
[拓展归纳]
turn
around/round转过去，转身
turn
up调高；出现 turn
down调低；拒绝
turn
on/off打开/关闭 turn
in上交
turn
out生产，制造；结果是……
turn
over翻过来；移交
【核心句式】
I
felt
bad
the
first
time
I
talked
to
a
group.
第一次与一群人说话时我感到不舒服。
Your
speech
was
heard
by
a
group
of
five
judges，all
of
whom
agreed
that
it
was
the
best
one
this
year.
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为这是今年最好的。
I
would
like
to
express
my
thanks
to...
我想向……表达我的感谢。
In
the
farmyards，the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat.
在农家小院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。
But
I
was
happy
to
help
because
I
knew
it
would
help
us
achieve
our
dream
of
making
black
and
white
people
equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这将有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
It
was
a
prison
from
which
no
one
escaped.
这是一座任何人都无法逃出的监狱。
The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress...过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步……
...only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.……
直到那时我们才决定以暴力反抗暴力。
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
All
hope
was
not
lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
The
army
organized
teams
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
【词汇串记】
语篇1：
A
Terrible
Earthquake
Dirty
water
rose
in
wells
and
canals
before
the
earthquake.But
no
one
judged
that
an
earthquake
__1__(come)．Suddenly，everything
shook.It
seemed
as
__2__
the
world
was
at
an
end.Millions
of
brick
houses
and
a
number
of
dams
__3__(destroy)．Railway
tracks
became
useless
bars.Pipes
in
mines
burst
and
let
out
__4__(smell)
steam.Huge
cracks
trapped
cyclists
everywhere.
The
next
day，this
event
was
the
headline
or
main
title
of
all
newspapers.With
the
reporters
giving
an
outline
of
the
disaster，__5__
whole
nation
was
shocked
by
the
damage
and
the
victim's
extreme
__6__(suffer)．People
were
moved
when
they
read
that
the
survivors
comforted
each
other
by
saying
“__7__(congratulation)!
You
survived！”
So
they
not
only
expressed
their
sympathy
sincerely，__8__
also
organized
together
to
help
the
victims
right
away.The
__9__(injure)
were
rescued
and
the
dead
were
buried.The
frightened
survivors
were
dug
__10__
from
under
the
ruins
and
were
offered
shelter，fresh
water
and
electricity.Thanks
to
people's
help，the
loss
was
minimized.
语篇2：
A
Great
President
As
the
founder
of
the
republic，the
president
had
many
good
__1__(quality)．Before
coming
to
power，he
was
a
generous
lawyer.He
was
willing
to
__2__(selfless)
help
everyone
__3__
turned
to
him.He
accepted
no
fee
to
offer
legal
guidance
and
opinions
to
those
who
were
out
of
work
or
uneducated.Later，__4__(believe)
all
mankind
to
be
equal，he
devoted
__5__
to
stopping
the
unfair
anti－black
laws.He
set
up
the
Black
Youth
League
and
was
voted
to
be
the
leader.However，though
he
__6__(keep)
peaceful
principles
without
violence
and
terror，his
mean
enemies
still
blew
up
his
house
and
attacked
his
relatives，and
he
himself
couldn't
escape
__7__(sentence)
to
30
years
in
prison.
Not
fearing
of
the
prison
guards'__8__(cruel)，he
kept
active
and
begged
no
mercy
from
them.As
a
matter
of
fact，he
was
always
__9__(hope)
and
never
lost
heart
during
the
stage
even
though
he
was
in
trouble.
Finally，people
rewarded
him
__10__
the
leader's
position
and
a
gold
blanket.
语篇1答案：
1.was
coming 2.if 3.were
destroyed
4．smelly 5.the
6.suffering 7.Congratulations
8．but 9.injured 10.out
语篇2答案：
1.qualities 2.selflessly 3.who 4.believing 5.himself
6.kept 7.being
sentenced 8.cruelty
9．hopeful 10.with
