牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit 1 Past and Present全单元教案

牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B
Unit1
Past
and
present
教案
8B
Uint1
Welcome
to
this
unit
【教学目标】⑴
Eddie和Hobo的对话。
⑵
北京不同时代的交通工具的词汇。
【重点难点】(1）初步了解现在完成时态的构成。(2)
since的意义和用法
【教学过程】
I.
Lead-in
Did
you
have
a
good
time
last
Sunday?
What
did
you
eat?
What
food
is
your
favorite?’
II.
Pre-task
Teacher
says：My
favorite
food
is
chocolate.
Today
I
took
a
piece
of
chocolate
here.
Oh,
where
is
my
chocolate?
It
was
in
my
pocket
an
hour
ago.
Teacher
asks
Ss：
---Have
you
seen
my
chocolate?
---No,
I
haven’t.
Ss
guess
Teacher
says
Maybe
you
have
put
it
in
your
bag.
----No,
I
haven’t.
Maybe
you
have
put
it
in
your
book.
----Yes,
I
have.
III.
While-task
Task
1:
Let’s
listen
to
the
tape：
What
are
Hobo
and
Eddie
talking
about
now?
Task
2:
Ask
some
questions
about
it:
1.
Where
was
Hobo’s
food
an
hour
ago?
2.
Why
did
Eddie
eat
food?
3.
Is
Hobo
happy?
4.
What
does
Hobo
think
of
Eddie?
Task
3:
Work
in
pairs
and
drill
the
dialogue.
Task
4:
Ask
and
answer
Eddie
and
Hobo
both
think
they
have
changed
a
lot.
That’s
true.
There
are
also
many
changes
in
our
life.
How
did
you
come
to
school
today?
Do
you
know
other
different
forms
of
transport？
Task5:
Welcome
to
the
unit.
Show
some
pictures
of
the
different
forms
of
transport.
ask:
When
did
people
in
Beijing
begin
to
use
trains?
train
in
1909
since
1909
…
…
…
Task6:
Do
Part
A
on
Page7
Task
7:
Make
a
conversation
like
this.
A:
When
did
people
begin
to
use
trains?
B:
People
began
to
use
them
in
1909.
Trains
have
been
in
use
since
1909.
Ⅳ.
Post-task
Talk
about
the
transport
at
different
times
in
Beijing
using
the
sentence:
…
have
been
in
use
since
….
Homework
8B
Uint1
Reading
1
【教学目标】1.了解掌握本课出现的重点单词和词组。
2.理解课文内容(The
changes
to
Sunshine
Town)。3.能用本节课所学知识,简单描述周围变化。
【重点难点】1.训练学生阅读理解能力。2.部分词汇:
used
to..;
dump…into
;
get
married
(to
sb)
【教学过程】
Step
One
Pre-reading
Teaching
new
items
by
pictures
Past
Present
Picture1:
There
used
to
be
a
building.
It
is
open
space.
Picture2:
She
used
to
be
a
happy
girl.
She
is
going
to
get
married.
She
is
going
to
be
a
wife.
Picture3:
The
factory
used
to
dump
waste
It
has
turned
into
a
into
the
river.
market,
there
are
many
stalls.
Picture4:
The
poison
in
the
waste
polluted
the
river,
many
fish
died.
The
government
realized
the
pollution
and
reduced
it.
The
river
is
much
cleaner.
Vocabulary
married
已婚的
get
married
结婚
wife
妻子
stall
货摊
turn
(使)变成
turn…into
将…变成
factory
工厂
used
to
过去经常
dump
倾倒
waste
废料
poison
毒物
pollute
污染
realize
意识到
reduce
污染
open
space
空地
Doing
Part
B1
on
page
10
1
b
2
f
3
d
4
c
5
g
6.a
7.
e
Step
Two
While-reading
Read
the
conversation
and
answer
the
following
questions.
1
How
long
has
Mr.
Chen
lived
in
Sunshine
Town?
Since
he
moved
there
with
his
family
when
he
has
two
years
old.
2
How
many
times
did
he
move
house?
When?
In
1965
when
he
got
married
and
last
year
when
his
children
bought
them
a
new
flat.
True
or
False
(Page
10)
Mr.
Chen
knows
Sunshine
Town
very
well.(
)
He
moved
into
Sunshine
Town
in
1965.(
)
He
got
married
last
year.(
)
Mr.
Chen
moved
out
of
Sunshine
Town
when
he
got
married.(
)
In
the
past,
30,000
people
lived
in
Sunshine
Town.(
)
Mr.
Chen
and
his
old
friends
meet
in
the
new
park
to
play
cards
and
Chinese
chess.(
)
Step
Three
Parts
of
the
dialogue
Part1.
Line1-9
Changes
to
Mr.
Chen’s
.
A.
parents
B.
wife
C.
living
place
Part2.
Line10-25
Changes
to
.
A.
the
park
B.
Sunshine
Town
C.
the
factory
Part3.Line26-31
Mr.
Chen’s
about
the
changes.
A.
talking
B.
dreams
C.
feeling
Part1.Changes
to
Mr.
Chen’s
living
place
Time
Living
place
before
1965
near
Sunshine
river
in
the
___________part
of
Sunshine
Town
from1965
till
last
year
moved
to
a
flat
in
the
of
the
town
after
he
.
since
last
year
another
new
flat
here
because
his
children
a
new
flat
them.
Part2.Changes
to
Sunshine
Town
in
the
past
now
the
center
of
the
town
There
was______and_____
The
government
has
____the
place
_____a
park
Sunshine
River
It
was
dirty
and
poisonous
because
the
factory
used
to
____its
waste____the
river.
It
is
much
cleaner.
The
government
_________the
pollution
and
took
action
to
_______
the
pollution.
Part3
Mr.
Chen’s
feeling
about
the
changes
Advantages:
It
is
nice
to
_________________________.
Disadvantages:
It
has
become
difficult
to
________
So
he
feels
___________from
time
to
time.
Complete
the
passage
according
to
the
text.
Mr.
Chen
knows
Sunshine
Town
very
well.
When
he
was
two,
he
m
to
the
town.
In
1965,
he
moved
to
the
of
town
when
he
got
.He
tells
me
that
Sunshine
Town
has
c
a
lot
over
the
years.
The
government
has
t
the
center
of
town
a
park.
Mr.
Chen
and
his
friends
often
play
and
Chinese
there.
The
shoe
factory
(过去常常倾倒)
its
waste
Sunshine
River.
The
poison
in
the
waste
p
the
river.
Later,
the
government
r
it
and
took
action
to
the
pollution,
now
the
river
has
a
lot
and
it
is
much
.Mr.
Chen
says
in
some
ways
life
is
much
better
than
before.
It’s
nice
to
have
and
pretty
gardens.
However,
it
has
become
more
to
see
some
friends.
From
time
to
time
he
feels
lonely.
Step
Four
Homework
8B
Uint1
Reading
2
【教学目标】1.掌握相关的词汇、短语和本文中出现的语言点。
2.进一步理解课文内容(The
changes
to
Sunshine
Town)。
【重点难点】1.培养学生根据提示复述课文的能力。
2.一般过去时与现在完成时态的区别。
【教学过程】
Step
One
Discussion
Why
was
the
river
in
Sunshine
Town
very
dirty
in
the
past?
The
local
factories
used
to
dump
waste
water
into
the
river.
The
local
people
didn’t
realize
the
importance
of
polluting
the
river.
Why
is
the
river
in
Sunshine
Town
much
cleaner
now?
The
local
government
realized
water
pollution
was
a
serious
problem
and
actively
took
action
to
reduce
the
pollution.
How
does
Mr.
Chen
feel
now?
He
feels
a
bit
lonely
from
time
to
time.
Step
Two:
Reading
the
text
Doing
part
C2
on
page
11
Step
Three:
Doing
part
D
on
page
11
Step
Four:
Post-reading
(language
points)
1.miss
想念
eg:
I
miss
my
old
friends
very
much.
错过eg:
I
don’t
want
to
miss
seeing
the
play
on
TV
tonight.
2.pleasant
:
指环境，地方，行程的舒适愉快。多用于修饰事物。
Eg:
The
weather
is
usually
pleasant
here
in
May
.
The
trip
is
pleasant.
pleased
:
指感到愉快。通常描述人。
be
pleased
with--
Eg:I’m
pleased
with
your
work.
The
teacher
is
pleased
with
us.
同根词---pleasure.
With
pleasure
/It’s
my
pleasure.
3．way
(1）方面，方式，方法。
in
this
way
/that/another
way
in
some
ways
在某些方面，在某种程度上
a
new
way
of
teaching
一种新的教法。
2）路
on
one’s
way
to---
on
his
way
to
school
/
by
the
way
顺便问一下
4.lonely
adj.指人，表示寂寞孤独，指物，表示荒凉，无人居住的
eg:
He
feels
lonely
without
friends.
This
is
a
lonely
house.
alone
adj./adv.
独自的（地）
He
lives
alone
.
5.from
time
to
time
=sometimes=at
times
6.It’s
adj
(
for
sb)
to
do----
It’s
nice
to
have
open
space
It’s
interesting
for
us
to
fly
kites.
It
has
become
more
difficult
to
see
my
old
friends.
7.realize
意为“认识到”“明白”，其后接名词、代词或从句。
e.g.He
has
already
realized
his
mistake.
The
villagers
didn’t
realize
how
serious
the
pollution
was
until
all
the
fish
died.
Step
Five
Homework
8B
Uint1
Grammar
1
【教学目标】1.认识和了解现在完成时的构成和用法。
2.了解现在分词的构成。
【重点难点】
现在完成时与一般过去时的联系与区别。
【教学过程】
Step
One:
Pre-task
T:
Do
you
remember
Eddie?
S1:
Yes.
T:
Millie
is
Eddie’s
master.
Eddie
was
born
four
years
ago.
Eddie
has
lived
with
Millie
since
he
was
born.
How
many
years
has
he
lived
with
Eddie?
S2:
For
four
years.
T:
Yeah,
Eddie
has
lived
with
Millie
for
four
years.（板书）
Step
Two:
While-task
Task
1：Let
the
students
know
that
the
sentences
on
the
board
all
include
the
present
perfect
tense.
Tell
the
students:
We
use
the
simple
past
tense
to
talk
about
what
happened
at
a
definite
time
in
the
past,
like
“Eddie
was
born
four
years
ago”.
We
use
the
present
perfect
tense
to
talk
about
things
that
started
in
the
past
and
still
have
some
connection
with
the
present,
like
‘Eddie
has
lived
with
Millie
since
he
was
born’.
‘Eddie
has
lived
with
Millie
for
four
years.’
Task
2:
We
make
positive
and
negative
sentences
using
the
present
perfect
tense
like
this.
subject
have/
has+
(not)
past
participle
I/You/We/They
have
(not)
moved.
He/She/It
has
(not)
moved.
We
form
the
present
perfect
tense
by
adding
‘have’
or
“has”
before
a
past
participle.
e.g.
have/has
+
seen/
done/
sung/,
etc.
Task
3：Tell
the
student
how
to
write
the
past
participle
of
verbs.
1)
We
add
‘-ed’
to
regular
verbs.
（板书SeePage13）
2)
We
form
the
irregular
verbs
differently.
We
do
not
add
‘-ed’.
Ask
the
students
to
look
at
the
table
of
irregular
verbs
on
Page
121.
Ask
the
students
to
remember
the
past
participle
of
irregular
verbs.
Task4
(A1)：Here
is
a
short
exercise
for
students
to
finish.
Ask
the
students
to
complete
the
table
with
the
correct
past
participle
on
page
10.
And
then
work
out
the
rule.
Task
5
(A2)：After
the
short
exercise,
ask
the
students
to
complete
the
sentences
using
the
present
perfect.
Help
them
to
complete.
Ask
them
not
to
forget
the
verb
‘have’/
‘has’.
Present
the
Present
perfect
tense
briefly.
Subject
+
have/has+
past
participle
Task
6
：Teach
the
students
how
to
ask
and
answer
questions
using
the
present
perfect
tense.
e.g.
Have
you
arrived?
Yes,
I
have.
/
No,
I
haven’t.
Has
she
left?
Yes,
she
has.
/
No,
she
hasn’t.（板书）
The
teacher
asks
the
students
some
more
questions.
Task7
Chat
time
(A3)
：Millie
and
Sandy
are
talking
about
a
film
about
Hong
Kong.
Complete
their
conversation
using
the
correct
forms
of
the
verbs
in
brackets.
1)
Give
them
several
minutes
to
complete
it.
2)
Check
the
answers
with
the
whole
class.
3)
Ask
some
pairs
to
act
out
the
conversation.
Step
Three:
Post-task
I.
分清一般过去时与现在完成时
I
cleaned
the
blackboard
half
an
hour
ago
（只说明“擦”和其发生的时间)
I
have
cleaned
the
blackboard.
（说明现在黑板是干净的）
总结:（1）一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,
和现在不发生关系。(强调动作发生的时间)
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作
对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在。(侧重动作的结果)
2.T
or
F
The
train
has
arrived
just
now.
The
train
has
just
arrived.
She
has
returned
from
Paris
yesterday.
She
has
returned
from
Paris.
总结:
(2)一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,
last
year,
three
days
ago,
just
now,等。
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语往往是since…,for…,
just,
ever,
never,
before,
already,
yet
,
so
far等或无时间状语。
3.
Fill
in
the
blanks.
1.Ａ:
I
_______(lose)
my
pen.
Can
you
lend
me
yours?
Ｂ:
Why
don't
you
buy
one?
Ａ:
It
_______(fall)
into
the
river
only
a
moment
ago
when
I
washed
my
hands.
Now
I've
got
to
fill
in
a
form
with
a
pen.
2.
A:
--When
did
you
lose
your
cat?
B:
--I
__________(lose)
it
last
night.
A:
--Where
did
you
find
it?
B:
--I
__________(find)
it
the
garden.
总结:
如果询问某事发生的时间，地点只用一般过去时。
Step
Four
Homework
8B
Uint1
Grammar
2
【教学目标】1.学习现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语。
2.能在语境中运用现在完成时。
【重点难点】现在完成时与一般过去时在时间副词用法区别。
【教学过程】
Step
One:
Lead-in
The
teacher
can
have
a
free
talk
with
the
students.
e.g.
You
have
known
something
about
Mr.
Chen.
Could
you
tell
me
anything
about
Mr.
Chen?
Step
Two:
Pre-task
Recently
we
have
already
known
a
little
about
Sunshine
Town.
I
have
never
been
there
before.
Have
you
ever
been
there?
S1:
No,
I
haven’t
been
there
yet.
T:
Mr.
Chen
was
born
there.
He
has
known
it
since
he
was
very
young.
He
has
known
it
for
a
long
time.
Step
Three:
While-task
Task
1:
1)
Tell
the
students
that
we
can
use
adverbs
of
time
with
the
present
perfect
tense,
such
as
already,
ever,
for,
just,
never,
since
and
yet.
2)
Some
more
examples:
I
have
just
seen
Millie
on
the
playground.
Has
Millie
called
yet?
No,
she
hasn’t.
I
have
not
heard
from
Millie
yet.
I
have
done
my
homework
already.
I
have
never
read
the
novel.
…
3)现在完成时与时间副词(on
Page16)
for
+段时间
for
two
days/three
years
since
+点时间
since
last
night
/1992
since
two
days
ago
since
+句子
since
I
came
here
last
week
already
一般用于肯定的陈述句
yet
一般用于否定句和疑问句
(否定句中常译为“还”；疑问句中常译为“已经”。)
just
刚（注意与just
now的区别）
recently
近来
ever
曾经(常用于问句)
never
从不
up
to
now
till
now
over/in
the
past
10
years
so
far
before(句尾且不加时间)
eg.
Have
you
visited
our
city
before?
4)Exercises
A.选择填空
Have
you
done
your
homework
______?
(for,
just,
yet)
I
have
_______
__been
to
Chengdu.
(ever,
never,
yet)
He
has
_______
washed
the
dishes.
(already,
ever,
for)
He
has
worked
there
_______
he
left
school.
(already,
just,
since)
Have
you
cleaned
your
room
_______?
(for,
just,
yet)
She
has
known
Sam
_____
nine
years.
(for,
never,
since)
Have
you
______
ridden
a
horse?
(ever,
for,
yet)
They
have
______
arrived.
(ever,
just,
yet)
We
have
not
completed
the
project
_______.
(already,
for,
yet)
B.
for
or
since
1.
We
have
lived
here
____
1990.
2.
How
long
have
you
studied
here?
___
5
years.
3.
The
boy
has
had
a
bad
cold
_____
last
night.
4.
Mr.
Huang
has
kept
the
books
______
a
week
ago.
5.
I
have
taught
in
the
school
_____
I
came
here.
6.
We
have
been
friends
____
a
long
time.
总结:
for
+段时间
since
+点时间
(过去时间)
since
+句子(一般过去时态的句子)
C.句型转换
1.
The
boy
has
already
gone
home.
(一般疑问句)
2.
The
girl
has
already
given
it
to
me.
（否定句）
3.They
have
ever
visited
the
Hainan
Island
before
.（否定句）
总结:
1.(现在完成时）肯定句变为否定句的基本方法：
2.（现在完成时）肯定句变为一般疑问句的基本方法：
3.注意点：just、already、yet之间的关系及各自适应的句型
Step
Four:
Post-task
完成句子
(1)
你曾经到北京旅行过吗？
(2)
我已经看过这部电影了。
(3)
她刚刚完成作业。
(4)
--他们已经去看这部电影了吗?
--还没有呢。
(5)
我以前从未看过这本书。
(6)
自从他结婚以来就一直住在这里
Step
Five
Homework
8B
Uint1
Integrated
skills
【教学目标】
1.听对话、获取信息，完成表格。
2.根据表格内容完成短文填空。
3.能谈论自己生活的变化。
【重点难点】培养学生从所给的听力或书面材料中获取、选择和重新组合信息的能力，在此基础上培养学生的口头、笔头表达能力。
【教学过程】
Step
One:
Lead-in
Say
something
about
Sunshine
Town
in
the
past
and
now.
Step
Two:
Pre-task
Talk
about
the
pictures
on
page
18
(Past
and
present)
Teacher
asks:
T:
What
can
you
see
in
the
picture
on
the
left?
Ss:
I
can
see
some
small
boats.
Ss:
I
can
see
some
fishermen.
T:
Where
is
it?
Ss:
Maybe
it
is
a
small
lake
or
small
villages
near
the
sea.
T:
What
do
you
think
of
it?
Ss:
It
is
very
poor
and
the
air
around
it
is
dirty
too.
T:
What
kinds
of
wildlife
live
there?
Ss:
Wild
ducks
and
birds
etc.
T:
What
can
you
see
in
the
picture
on
the
right?
Ss:
I
can
see
many
tall
buildings.
…
Describe
the
pictures.
In
the
past,
my
hometown
was
Now,
it
has
become
a
natural
and
beautiful.
There
were
modern
town.
There
is
a
lakes,
a
lot
of
wildlife
and
small
new
railway
station
and
villages.
some
new
highways
Step
Three:
While-task
Task
1:
T:
(page
18).
Look
at
part
A1
and
read
through
the
lists
below.（Make
sure
the
students
know
what
to
do
next
）
Play
the
tape
for
the
students
to
listen
and
complete
the
lists.
Play
the
tape
again
and
check
the
answers
with
the
students.
Task
2
:Ask
the
students
to
talk
about
Starlight
Town
in
the
past
and
now
in
a
few
words
according
to
the
lists.
Task
3
:
Present
part
A2
T:
Have
you
ever
been
to
Starlight
Town?
Do
you
know
it
well?
Ss:
….
T:
Simon
is
writing
about
Starlight
Town
in
his
diary.
Help
him
complete
his
diary
entry
on
page
19.
First
read
the
words
on
page
15.
Then
fill
in
the
blanks
on
page
16.
Check
the
answers
with
the
students.
Let
the
students
read
the
diary
by
Simon.
Find
out
some
key
sentences
in
the
diary
and
explain
them
1.
be
in
service=be
in
use
2.
over
the
years=during
the
years.
3.
Starlight
Town
has
changed
a
lot.=Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
Starlight
Town
.
Step
Four:
Speak
up
Task1:First
the
teacher
asks
Ss
the
following
questions:
1.
How
do
you
usually
go
to
school?
(on
foot/
by
bike)
2.
How
did
you
go
to
school
when
you
were
in
primary
school?
3.
What
do
you
often
after
class
and
after
school?
Task2:Then
listen
and
answer
the
questions:
1.
Who
took
Millie
to
school
before
?
2.
How
did
Sandy
go
to
school
before?
3.
Does
Millie
like
chatting
with
her
friends?
4.
What
do
you
think
of
your
school
life
?
Task3:
Listen
and
repeat;
Read
and
role-play
Task4:
Make
new
dialogue
using
the
useful
expressions
1
when
I
was
…
2.
since
I
started…
3.
How
has/have
…changed?
4.on
one’s
won
=
by
oneself
=
alone
5.
have
more/
less
free
time
6.
have
the
same
feeling/
way
(as
…)
7.
Do
you
agree
(with
sb)?
Step
Five
Homework
8B
Uint1
Study
skills
【教学目标】.培养学生通过查字典了解词义，提高阅读技能。
【重点难点】查字典了解词义，提高阅读技能.。
【教学过程】
Step
One:
Pre-task
When
we
do
some
reading,
we
often
meet
many
new
words.
Ask
the
students
what
they
will
do
when
they
meet
new
words.
How
do
you
look
up
a
new
word
in
an
English
dictionary?
Tell
them
how
to
use
an
English
dictionary,
showing
a
dictionary
to
the
students.
Tell
the
students
the
English
words
in
a
dictionary
are
in
alphabetical
order
from
‘A’
to
‘Z’.
（简单介绍根据字母顺序查字典的方法：在黑板上写出两个以相同字母开头的单词，比如说people和possible。如果按字母顺序应该是哪个单词在前，以此推导出如果第一个字母相同，就看第二个字母的规则，再给出两个例子，确保每个同学理解）。ball,
banana,
bank
Turn
to
page
20.
Then
check
the
answers.
Then
finish
part
A
Step
Two:
While-task
On
the
left
are
some
page
numbers
and
guide
words
from
a
dictionary.
Help
Daniel
write
down
the
page
numbers
for
the
words
on
the
right.
And
check
the
answers.
Step
Three:
Post-task
Exercise
According
to
the
guide
words
on
the
left
then
write
the
correct
page
numbers
for
the
words
of
the
right
Step
Four
Homework
8B
Uint1
Task
【教学目标】1.学会看图说话
2.学会从图片中获取相关信息
3.能够写出自己家乡的有关变化
【重点难点】通过对比进行写作，时态要正确把握。
【教学过程】
Step
One:
Pre-task
The
teacher
can
have
a
talk
with
the
students.
1.Talk
about
the
changes
to
Sunshine
Town
Part1.
Line1-9
Changes
to
Mr.
Chen’s
living
place.
Part2.
Line10-25
Changes
to
Sunshine
Town.
Part3.Line26-31
Mr.
Chen’s
feeling
about
the
changes.
Advantages:_________.Disadvantages:____________.
2.
Talk
about
the
changes
to
Starlight
Town
Environment:______________
Developments:____________
Transport:__________________
Step
Two:
While-task
Task
1:Read
through
the
pictures
in
Part
A1
and
table
in
Part
A2
Explain
some
difficulties
if
necessary.
1.
less
development
2.
pass
the
town
3.
fewer
trees
Task2:
Complete
the
report
1.
Check
the
answers
2.Talk
about
the
report
（ask
some
questions
or
do
other
exercise
about
the
report）
Points:
1.be
in
use
=
be
in
service
2.
bring
many
advantages
Step
Three:
Post-task
.请你根据下面表格中的提示,写一篇题为“
Changes
to
Yangzhou”的英语短文(词数:60-80,不包括已经给出的单词)。
内容要点：
过去
穷、脏，生活困.
现在
高楼林立，马路宽广，树木成荫，花草遍地，生活大为改善.
将来
更加富饶美丽
Step
Four
Homework
8B
Uint1
Checkout
【教学目标】复习本单元出现的一些主要语法和重要的语言现象。
【重点难点】在语境中熟练地运用现在完成时
【教学过程】
Step
One:
Pre-task
1.一般过去时与现在完成时最基本的区别:
▲一般过去时强调动作发生的时间；
动作和现在不发生联系。
▲现在完成时侧重动作的影响、结果或延续;动作和现在发生联系。
2.牢记现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间连用,包括疑问词when。
3.复习现在完成时
现在完成时的两种特点:
1）：过去对现在
（瞬间性动词）
2）：过去到现在（延续性动词）
现在完成时的定义：
（1）（标志词有：
、
、
、
、
、
其中表示否定的有
、
（
置于句末）。
（2）可以和表示从过去某时刻开始延续到现在的
时间状语连用，常用的词有
+
时间
；
+
时间（词组/句子）；
（迄今为止）；
（多长时间）；在这种用法中需要强调的是动词必须是
动词。
短暂性动词转换成延续性动词：
（1）用含有相同意义的近（同）义词（组）替换
eg.
borrow→keep;
become/come→be;
catch
a
cold/cough/fever→have
a
cold/cough/fever;
get/begin
to
know→know;
go/get
to
sleep→sleep;
buy→have;
put
on
→wear
(2)用表示延续状态的系表结构“be+形容词（介词短语/副词/名词）表示，
eg：arrive
in(at)/get
to
/reach→be
in/at;
come
(to
)
→be
in/at;
fall
ill(sick)/asleep→be
ill(sick)/asleep;
join→be
in
the…/be
a
member
of;
die→be
dead;
close→be
closed;
lose→be
lost;
go(come)out→be
out;
leave→be
away;
get
up→be
up;
open→be
open;
begin/start→be
on;
end/finish→be
over
二、?在完成时的句式构成（必须理解、记住）
肯定形式：主语+
/
+
否定行式：主语+
/
+
+
一般疑问形式：
/
+主语
+
？
三、Since与for
的使用
since+_________;
since+____________
for
+___________.
Step
Two:
While-task
Task
1:Doing
part
A
Task
2:
Doing
part
B
(Explain
some
language
points)
Step
Three
Homework