牛津译林版(2019) 必修 第二册 Unit 4 Exploring literature课件(2份打包)

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名称 牛津译林版(2019) 必修 第二册 Unit 4 Exploring literature课件(2份打包)
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更新时间 2020-12-27 18:23:31

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(共59张PPT)
Unit
4
Exploring
literature
Section
B
Grammar
and
usage
PART
1
Leading
in
Leading
in
用适当的情态动词完成下列句子,体会他们的语法特征。
1.
"What
shall
I
read?"You
have
asked
yourself
this
question
more
than
once.
Leading
in
If
you
are
not
sure
what
to
read,
you
get
ideas
from
different
sources
,
but
it
is
also
important
to
develop
your
own
taste.
3.
To
start
with,
ask
your
friends,
parents
and
teachers
to
recommend
what
books
you
read.
4.
However,
you
also
decide
for
yourself
what
kind
of
books
to
read.
答案:1.might;
2.can;
3.ought
to/should;
4.must
PART
2
Grammar
情态动词
can
与could的用法
may
与might的用法
shall
与should/ought
to的用法
will
与would的用法
must
与have
to的用法
dare的用法
used
to的用法
情态动词的几种形式
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态,如需要、可能、必须、应该等。常见的情态动词有:can,could,may,might,must,ought
to,shall,should,will和would。另外,dare,need,have
to和used
to也具有情态动词的某些特性。
情态动词有以下特征:
1.在形式上,情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化,有的情态动词有过去式,其他情态动词如must,ought
to等的过去式皆与一般式同形。
2.在意义上,大多数情态动词有多个意义,如can可以表达“能力”“可能”“许可”等。
3.在用法上,情态动词与助动词一样,须后接动词原形,构成谓语动词。
一.
can
与could
的用法
表示能力。
例:
Can
you
lift
this
heavy
box?
你能举起这个重箱子吗?
一.
can
与could
的用法
2.表示可能性,用于表示把握较大的推测,常用于疑问句和否定句中,can’t/coundn’t
表示不可能。
例:
That
can’t
be
Mary,
for
she
is
in
hospital.
那不可能是玛丽,因为她在住院。
一.
can
与could
的用法
3.表示请求和许可(could用来表示请求时,是委婉的说法,回答时一般用can)。
例:
Could
you
please
do
me
a
favor?
你能帮我个忙吗?
一.
can
与could
的用法
4.用于肯定的陈述句中,表示伦理上的可能性,意为“有时会,(有时)可能会”。
例:
She
can
be
very
careless
sometimes.
她有时会很粗心。
练习
Jim
says
we
stay
in
his
house
as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy
.
A.must
B.can
C.need
D.should
2.In
today's
information
age,the
loss
of
data
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
A.need
B.should
C.can
D.must
3.
Samuel,the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
A.must
B.should
C.can
D.need
1.B。句意:吉姆说,只要我们保持房子干净整洁,我们就能待在他的房子里。根据as
long
as所引导的条件状语从句可知,此处应该选B,can表许可。
2.C。句意:在当今的信息时代,数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题。根据语境可知,此处用can表示一种可能性。
3.C。句意:塞缪尔,我们班最高的男孩,能轻易地够到书架顶层的书。根据句意可知,空处表能力,故选C项。
答案解析
4.
It
was
really
annoying;I
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
A.wouldn't
B.couldn't
C.shouldn't
D.needn't
5._____I
have
a
word
with
you?It
won't
take
long.
A.Can
B.Must
C.Shall
D.Should
6.
When
I
was
a
child,I
watch
TV
whenever
I
wanted
to.
A.should
B.could
C.must
D.need
练习
答案解析
4.B。句意:这真的很让人恼火,我无法使用你推荐的那个数据库。根据句意可知应选couldn't,表示"不能够"。
wouldn't不愿意;shouldn't不应该;needn't不必。
5.A。句意:我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花太长时间。can在此表示请求。must必须;shall
表示征求对方意见或向对方请示;should
应该。
6.B。句意:当我还是个孩子的时候,我想什么时候看电视就可以看。should
应该;could能,可以;must必须;need需要。由语境可知答案为B。
二.
may与might
的用法
may和might在肯定句中表示允许,意为“可以”。在疑问句中用于征求许可,意为“可能,或许”。
例:
You
can
keep
the
book
for
two
weeks.
这本书你可以借两个星期。
二.
may与might
的用法
2.
表示推测,意为“可能,或许”。
例:She
may
be
at
home
today.
3.
may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。
例:May
you
be
happy
forever.
1.You_______feel
all
the
training
a
waste
of
time,but
I'm
a
hundred
percent
sure
later
you'll
be
grateful
you
did
it.
A.should
B.need
C.shall
D.may
2.
Life
is
unpredictable;even
the
poorest
become
the
richest.
A.shall
B.must
C.need
D.might
练习
答案解析
1.D。句意:你可能觉得所有的培训都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百确信以后你将感激你参加过培训。根据句子中的"but
I'm
a
hundred
percent
sure
later
you'll
be
grateful
you
did
it"可判断出,空处表示推测,所以要用may,意为"也许,可能"。
2.D。句意:生活是不可预料的,即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。might
表示”可能"。
三.
shall与should/ought
to
的用法
1.表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示,用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。
例:Shall
I
give
you
the
book
tomorrow?我明天给你这本书,可以吗?
2.表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等,用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。
例:He
shall
be
punished.他会受到惩罚的。
Shall
三.
shall与should/ought
to
的用法
3.
用在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,一般用于第三人称且用于陈述句中,意为"应该,必须"。
例:No
person
shall
carry
a
mobile
phone
into
the
examination
room
during
the
College
Entrance
Examination.
在高考时任何人都不能将手机带进考场。
Shall
三.
shall与should/ought
to
的用法
Should/ought
to
1.表示责任与义务,意为"应该,应当";ought
to语气更强。
例:We
should/ought
to
help
the
disabled.我们应该帮助残疾人。
2.表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测,意为“应该会,可能”
例:She
should/ought
to
complete
the
task
today.
她今天应该完成任务。
三.
shall与should/ought
to
的用法
3.
should表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事,意为"竟然”
例:Why
should
you
come
so
late
today?你今天为什么来得这么晚?
4.
should在条件状语从句中,表示"假如,万一”。
例:If
you
should
change
your
mind,do
let
me
know.假如你改变想法,一定要让我知道。
Should/ought
to
练习
1.
It's
strange
that
he
have
taken
the
books
without
the
owner's
permission.
A.would
B.should
C.could
D.might
2.
—I
haven't
got
the
reference
book
yet,but
I’ll
have
a
test
on
the
subject
next
month.
—Don't
worry.
You
have
it
by
Friday.
A.could
B.shall
C.must
D.may
3.—I
don't
care
what
people
think.
—Well,you
.
A.could
B.would
C.should
D.might
答案解析
1.B。句意:很奇怪,他竟然未经主人的允许就拿走了那些书。should
表示"竟然",符合语境。
2.B。shall
在此与第二人称主语连用,表示说话人的许诺。
3.C。句意;—我不在乎人们怎么想。
—哦,你应该在乎。should意为"应该,应当",符合语境。
1.表示请求,would比will语气委婉。表示习惯或倾向等。
例:Would
you
please
let
me
have
a
look?
请让我看一看,好吗?
2.
will用于表示一般的习惯;would用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动,意为“总是,总会”。
例:Jealousy
will
spoil
friendship.忌妒会破坏友谊。
He
would
come
to
help
us
when
he
was
free.
他有空时,总来帮助我们。
四.will和would的用法
3.表示意愿、意图或决心,可用于各种人称。will意为“要,愿”;would用于过去时中,意为“愿意”。
例:
I
will
never
do
that
again.
我再也不做那样的事了
She
asked
if
I
would
go
with
them.
她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。
四.will和would的用法
练习
Days
later,my
brother
called
to
say
he
was
all
right,but__say
where
he
was.
A.mustn't
B.shouldn't
C.wouldn't
D.mightn't
答案解析
C。句意:几天后,我的哥哥打电话说他一切都好,但是不愿说他在哪儿。wouldn't
不愿意,符合语境。
mustn't禁止;shouldn't
不应该;mightn't
或许不。
五.must与have
to的用法
表示义务、命令等,意为“必须”,更强调说话人的主观态度。其否定形式为mustn't,意为"不许,禁止";对以must开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时,应用don't
have
to/needn't(不必,没必要)。
例:—Must
I
tell
him
in
advance?我必须事先告诉他吗?
—No,you
don't
have
to/needn't.不,没必要。
2.
表示肯定的推测,意为“一定”。只用于肯定句中。
例:She
must
be
very
tired
after
such
a
long
walk.
走了这么长的路,她一定很累了。
3.
意为"偏偏,偏要",表示与说话人的愿望相反或不耐烦。
例:Must
you
make
so
much
noise?
你偏要弄出这么多的噪声吗?
must
表示客观需要,意为"不得不,必须",强调客观上的必要性。
例:You
have
to
be
back
before10
o'clock
because
the
train
is
to
leave
at
10:15.
你必须在10:00之前回来,因为火车将在10:15离开。
have
to
五.must与have
to的用法
练习
1.
You
be
Carol.
You
haven't
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
A.must
B.can
C.will
D.shall
2.
The
new
law
states
that
people
drive
after
drinking
alcohol.
A.wouldn't
B.needn't
C.won't
D.mustn't
3.You
buy
a
gift,but
you
can
if
you
want
to.
A.must
B.mustn't
C.have
to
D.don't
have
to
4.I
work
not
because
I
have
to
(work),but
because
I
want
to.
答案解析
1.A。句意:你一定是Carol。这么多年来你一点儿没变。依据第二句可知,此处应用must表示很有把握的推测,意为"一定,肯定"。
2.D。句意:新法律规定人们喝酒之后禁止开车。mustn't表示"不许,禁止”,符合句意。wouldn't
不会,不愿意;needn't不必;won't不会,不愿意。
3.D。句意:你没有必要买礼物,但你如果想买的话,也可以买。don’t
have
to意为“没有必要,不必”,符合语境。must一定;mustn't禁止;have
to
不得不。
4.work。句意:我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作。have
to
do
sth.表示"不得不做某事“,因此这里填动词原形。
dare作情态动词常用于疑问句、否定句及条件句中,表示"敢于,胆敢",没有人称变化,但有过去式。
例:
He
daren't
speak
English
in
public.他不敢在公共场合说英语。
They
hardly
dared
breathe
as
somebody
walked
past
the
door!有人在门前走过时,他们几乎不敢呼吸了!
六.dare的用法
特别提醒:
dare也可作实义动词,其用法如下:
1.
作实义动词时,有人称、时态和数的变化;
2.
在肯定句中,其后常接带to的不定式;
3.
在否定句和疑问句中,既可接带to的不定式,也可接不带to的不定式;
4.
构成否定句和疑问句时,要借助do,does,did等助动词。
例:He
dares
to
challenge
all
kinds
of
difficulties.
他敢于挑战各种困难。
六.dare的用法
七.need的用法
1.need用作情态动词多用在疑问句和否定句中,也可用于肯定句中,表示"需要",没有时态和人称的变化。
例:This
is
free
service;
you
needn’t
pay
for
it.
这是免费服务,你不必为此付钱。
2.对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must,作否定回答时要用needn't或don't
have
to。
—Need
I
hand
in
the
application
now?我需要现在交
申请表吗?
—Yes,you
must./No,you
don't
have
to.是的,你必须(现在交)。/不,你不必(现在交)。
need
C。句意:我的房间里乱糟糟的,不过我没必要今天晚上出门之前打扫,我可以明天上午打扫。根据空后的"I
can
do
it
in
the
morning"及句意可知,空处表示”没有必要",因此选C。
练习
答案解析
My
room
is
a
mess,but
I
clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight.
I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
A.daren't
B.shouldn't
C.needn't
D.mustn't
used
to表示“过去常常……”,没有人称和数的变化,仅用于过去时中,表示过去习惯或过去某时期的状况,但现在已不再这样了。
例:
She
doesn't
get
up
early
as
she
used
to.
她不像以前起得那么早了。
八.
used
to的用法
1.
would仅表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作。
used
to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.
would仅表示过去的习惯性动作,没有与现在对比的含义。
used
to强调过去的行为同现在的对比,含有"过去如此,现在已不再这样了"之意。
would
VS
used
to
九.
情态动词的几种形式
情态动词有进行式、完成式和被动式几种形式。其构成见下表。
形式
用法
例句
进行式(情态动词+be
doing)
情态动词与主动词的进行式合用,表示某动作正在进行
Jack
may
be
reading
in
the
library.杰克也许正在图书馆看书。
完成式(情态动词+have
done)
情态动词与主动词的完成式合用,表示过去发生的动作
Tom
must
have
arrived
home
by
now.现在汤姆肯定已经到家了。
被动式(情态动词+be
done)
情态动词可以与主动词的被动式合用,表示被动
The
road
may
be
blocked.公路也许被堵了。
PART
3
Words
to
start
with意为"首先,第一(用于强调);起初”,在句中作独立成分,相当于副词。
例:
To
start
with,we
need
better
computers—then
we
need
more
training.
首先,我们需要更好的电脑—然后我们需要接受更多训练。
相关词语:start
with(=begin
with)以......开始(短语动词)
To
work
out
a
plan,
one
has
to
start
with
investigation.
制订计划要从调查开始。
1、to
start
with
不定式短语to
start
with与句中其他部分通常没有语法关系,只作插入语使用,表示说话人的态度或起承上启下的作用。它与句子其他部分常用逗号隔开。常用的此类不定式短语还有:to
begin
with首先;to
sum
up概括起来说;to
be
brief简而言之;to
be
sure诚然,;to
conclude最后;
to
be
frank
坦白说;
to
be
honest
老实说;
to
summarize总的来说;
to
make
matters
worse
使情况更糟的是。
特别提醒
2、in
particular
(1)尤其,特别。相当于especially,
particularly。
例:I
noticed
his
eyes
in
particular,
because
they
are
very
big.
我特别注意到了他的眼睛,因为它们很大。
(2)特殊的,专门的,具体的
例:Is
there
anything
in
particular
you’d
like
for
dinner?
晚饭你有什么具体想吃的吗?
拓展词汇:particular
adj.
特别的,讲究,挑剔
particularly
adv.
特别,尤其
3、look
through
(1)快速查看,浏览
Eg:
He
looked
through
the
newspapers
and
some
useful
information.
他浏览了报纸,发现了一些有用的信息。
(2)透过……看
Eg:
Look
through
this
window
and
you’ll
see
a
beautiful
garden.
透过这扇窗户,
你会看到一座美丽的花园。
拓展:look构成的其他短语
look
into
调查
look
up
查阅;抬头向上看
look
out(for)当心
look
back
on/to
回忆起,回顾
look
down
on/upon
轻视,瞧不起
look
forward
to
期待,期盼
4、collection
collection
n.
收藏品;收集,采集
have
a
collection
of…(=collect…)收集……;收藏……
Eg:
He
has
a
good
collection
of
ancient
coins.
他收藏了相当多的古代硬币。
拓展词汇:
collect
vt.
收集,收藏
collector
n.
收藏家,收集者
collective
adj.
集体的,共同的,总体的
5、come
across
(1)(偶然)发现,遇见,碰见。为及物短语动词,相当于happen
to
meet,run
across等。
Eg:
I
came
across
several
mistakes
while
I
was
looking
through
your
paper.
我在浏览你的论文时偶然发现了几处错误。
(2)被理解,被弄懂。为不及物短语动词,其主语通常是物。
Eg:
Your
point
really
came
across
at
the
meeting.
会上你的观点大家都非常明白了。
拓展短语:
come
over从……到;短暂造访
come
to
共计;达到;苏醒;被想出
come
on
快,加把劲;登台,上场;改进,发展
come
up
with
找到(答案);拿出(一笔钱等)
come
out
出现,出版,发表,开花
come
up
走上前来,长出地面;被提出
6、agree
on
agree
on意为“同意,对……取得一致意见”。
Eg:
We
agreed
on
the
date
of
the
sports
meeting.
我们就运动会的日期达成了一致意见。
易混词语
含义
宾语
例句
agree
on
就某事达成共识(主语至少包括两方)
sth.
We
agreed
on
that
question.我们在那个问题上意见一致。
agree
to
同意某人的计划、安排、建议等
plan/arrangement/suggestion等
She
agreed
to
this
arrangement.
她同意这种安排。
agree
with
同意某人的意见、观点、看法等
sb./idea/opinion等
I
agree
with
your
opinion/you.
我同意你的观点。
(气候、食物等)适合体质
sb.
The
food
doesn’t
agree
with
me.
这种食物不合我的胃口。
7、turn
out
(1)结果是,证明是,原来是;结果……。后面常跟形容词、名词或从句。
搭配:
turn
out(to
be)...结果是……
It
turns
out
that…
结果……
Eg:
The
lady
turned
out(to
be)our
English
teacher.
那位女土原来是我们的英语老师。
(2)出席,在场。为不及物短语动词。
Eg:
A
vast
crowd
turned
out
to
watch
the
procession.
有一大群人出来观看游行队伍。
(3)生产,制造。为及物短语动词。
Eg:
The
company
turns
out
900
cars
a
week
this
year.
今年这家公司每周生产900辆汽车。
8、mean
(1)adj.
吝啬的,小气的;刻薄的,不善良的
搭配:
be
mean
with...
在……方面齐啬
be
mean
to
sb.对某人刻薄
Eg:
My
landlord's
very
mean
with
the
heating
—it's
only
on
for
two
hours
each
day.我的房东对供暖很吝啬,暖气设备每天只开两个小时。
(2)vt.(meant,meant)意味着;本意是
搭配:mean
doing
sth.意味着做某事
Eg:
If
we
want
to
catch
the
7:30
train,that
will
mean
leaving
the
house
at
6:00.
如果我们想赶上7点半的火车,那就意味着(我们)要6点出发。
(3)vt.
(meant,meant)有……的目的,打算
搭配:mean
to
do
sth.打算做某事
had
meant
to
do
sth.本打算做某事(而实际上未做)
be
meant
for.....准备的
be
meant
to
do
sth.应该做某事;意在做某事
Eg:
These
chairs
are
meant
for
the
guests.
这些椅子是为客人准备的。
You
are
meant
to
pay
before
you
go
in.
你要先交钱才能进去。
(1)vt.运输,运送;使产生身临其境的感觉
搭配:
transport...(from...)to...
把……(从)运到……
Eg:
These
goods
were
transported
by
rail
and
water.
这些货物是通过铁路和水路运输的。
For
a
moment
she
was
transported
to
a
warm
summer
garden
on
the
night
of
a
ball.她一时间觉得自己置身于舞会之夜的温暖夏季花园。
(2)n.交通车辆,运输工具;交通运输系统。在美式英语中,通常用transportation

搭配:air
transport/transportation空运
road
transport/transportation公路运输
public
transport/transportation公共交通,公共交通工具
Eg:
We
needed
to
get
to
London
but
we
had
no
means
of
transport.
我们需要赶往伦敦,但却没有任何交通工具。
9、transport
PART
4
Sentences
A
book
review
can
often
tell
you
whether
a
book
is
worth
reading
or
not.
一则书评常常能告诉你一本书是否值得阅读。
whether引导的宾语从句
whether引导宾语从句时表示“是否”,常构成以下搭配:
whether...or...
whether...or
not
whether
or
not...
Eg:
We'll
be
told
tomorrow
whether
we
should
take
the
exam
or
not.
我们明天才知道是否要参加考试。
Its
9:45
now.
I
wonder
whether
or
not
we
will
get
there
on
time.
现在9:45了,我想知道我们是否会按时到达那里。
I
don't
know
whether
he
is
at
home
or
at
the
office.
我不知道他是在家还是在办公室。
一、
①She
asked
me
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library,and
I
admitted
that
I
hadn't.
②No
one
knows
or
not
the
professor
will
come
to
our
school
and
give
us
a
talk.
③My
sister
is
only
seven,but
she
always
tells
me
my
pictures
are
good
or
not.
④At
the
meeting
they
discussed
they
should
spend
more
money
on
the
project.
答案:①whether/if②whether③whether/if
④whether
练习
二、
When
my
English
teacher
suggested
that
I
read
Charles
Dicken's
A
Christmas
Carol...
当我的英语老师建议我读查尔斯·狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》时……
suggest
后接宾语从句的用法
(1)suggest表示“建议”时,其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语用“should”+动词原形形式,其中should可以省略。
Eg:
Experts
suggest
that
teenages(should)spend
at
lest
30
minutes
exercising
five
times
a
week.
专家建议,青少年每周应该最炼5次,每次至少30分钟。
(2)suggest表示“暗示,表明”时,其后所接的宾语从句用陈述语气。
Eg:
Her
expression
suggested
that
she
had
told
a
lie.她的表情表明她撒了谎。
练习
Some
classmates
suggest
we
(go)
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
I
think
that
it
is
a
good
idea.
Medical
research
has
suggested
that
laughing
(be)
a
good
way
to
reduce
stress
and
help
people
feel
good.
答案:
1.
(should)go
2.is
Thank
you!(共31张PPT)
Unit
3
Exploring
literature
Welcome
to
the
unit
&
Reading
敬热爱
敬文学
敬自由
Leading
in
Great
literature
is
simply
language
charged
with
meaning
to
the
utmost
possible
degree.
—Ezra
Pound
伟大的文学只不过是在最大程度上承载意义的语言。
—埃兹拉·庞德
My
meaning
simply
is,
that
whatever
I
have
tried
to
do
in
life,
I
have
tried
with
all
my
heart
to
do
well;
that
whatever
I
have
devoted
myself
to,
I
have
devoted
myself
to
completely;
that
in
great
aims
and
in
small,
1
have
always
been
thoroughly
in
earnest.
—David
Copperfield,
by
Charles
Dickens
我的意思很简单,就是我无论在生活中试图做什么,都全力以赴地做好它;我无论献身于什么事业,都毫无保留地献身于它;无论做大事还是小事,我总是一丝不苟,兢兢业业。
——《大卫·科波菲尔》查尔斯·狄更斯
Leading
in
【人物小传】
查尔斯,狄更斯(1812--1870)是著名的英国作家。1837
年他完成了第一部长篇小说《匹克威克外传》,这是他创作的第一部现实主义小说,后来他的创作才能日渐成熟,先后出版了《雾都孤儿》《老古玩店》《董贝父子》《大卫·科波菲尔》《艰难时世》《双城记》《远大前程》等。
狄更斯特别注意描写生活在英国社会
底层的“小人物”的生活遭遇,深刻地
反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实,为
英国批判现实主义文学的开拓和发展做
出了卓越的贡献。他的作品对英国文学
发展有着深远的影响。
Leading
in
【作品介绍】
David
Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》
《大卫·科波菲尔》以第一人称视角通过主人公大卫·科波菲尔从童年屡遭不幸到自学成才,直至成为著名作家的经历,描绘了19世纪维多利亚时代英国社会的广阔图景,展示了当时各个阶层的人物形象,反映了作者的生活哲学和道德理想。
Leading
in
You
can
never
have
too
much
sky.
You
can
fall
asleep
and
wake
up
drunk
on
sky,
and
sky
can
keep
you
safe
when
you
are
sad.
Here
there
is
too
much
sadness
and
not
enough
sky.
Butterflies
too
are
few
and
so
are
flowers
and
most
things
that
are
beautiful.
Still,
we
take
what
we
can
get
and
make
the
best
of
it.
—The
House
on
Mango
Street,
by
Sandra
Cisneros
你永远不能拥有太多的天空。你可以在天空下睡去,醒来又沉醉。在你忧伤的时候,天空会给你安慰。可是忧伤太多,天空不够,蝴蝶不够,花儿也不够。大多数美丽的东西都不够。于是,我们取我们所能取,好好地享用。
——桑德拉·希斯内罗斯《芒果街上的小屋》
Leading
in
Leading
in
桑德拉·希斯内罗丝,墨西哥裔美国作家,1954年生,当代美国著名女诗人,30岁时凭借《芒果街上的小屋》一书成名。
另著有短篇故事集《喊女溪及其他》
诗集《坏男孩》
《我恶劣的、恶劣的行为》
长篇小说《拉拉的褐色披肩》等。
【人物小传】
Leading
in
《芒果街上的小屋》共由44个相对独立的短篇构成,所有故事发生在一条叫芒果街的芝加哥小街上。居住在拉美贫民社区芒果街上的女孩埃斯佩朗莎,生就具有对他人痛苦的同情心和对美的感受力,她用清澈的明眸打量周围的世界,用美丽稚嫩的语言讲述成长、讲述沧桑、讲述生命的美好、讲述年轻的热望和梦想。埃斯佩朗莎梦想着有一所属于她自己的房子,梦想着在写作中追寻自我,梦想着获得自由和帮助别人的能力,梦想着早日远离贫困,飞出芒果街。
【作品介绍】
The
House
on
Mango
Street《芒果街上的小屋》
Leading
in
Questions
Think
about
the
following
questions
and
discuss
with
your
classmates.
1.
Which
of
the
excerpts
makes
you
feel
like
reading
the
whole
book?
Why?
2.
What
is
your
favourite
work
of
literature?
Why?
Words
1、in
store
(1)即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)
Eg:
We
don't
know
what
life
holds
in
store
for
us.
我们不知道等待我们的将是什么样的生活。
(2)贮藏着,准备着
Eg:
Hie
always
keeps
several
cases
of
milk
in
store.
他总是备有几箱牛奶。
Words
2、appeal
(1)vi.有吸引力;呼吁,恳求
搭配:appeal
to
sb.吸引某人
appeal
to
sb.for
sth.为某事向某人呼吁
appeal
to
sb.to
do
sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事
Eg:
The
book
appeals
to
readers
of
all
ages
and
establishes
a
literary
bond
between
parents
and
children.
这本书老幼皆宜,并在父母和孩子之间建立了文学纽带。
Words
(2)vt.上诉,申诉
搭配:
appeal(to
sb./sth.)against
sth.
就……(向……)提起上诉Eg:
I
intend
to
appeal
against
this
sentence.
我打算对这个判决提起上诉。
(3)n.呼吁,恳求;吸引力
搭配:
make/launch
an
appeal
to
sb.
for
sth.向某人呼吁某事
make/launch
an
appeal
to
sb.to
do
sth.呼吁某人做某事
Eg:
The
police
made
an
appeal
to
the
public
to
remain
calm.
警方呼吁公众保持镇静。
Words
3、in
a
word
简言之,一句话,总之
与word
相关的其他表达:
have
words
with
sb.
与某人争吵
have
a
word
with
sb.
和某人谈一谈
word
for
word
逐字逐句
Word
came
that…
有消息说……
in
other
words
换句话说
eat
one’s
word
食言
keep
one’s
word
遵守诺言
Words
4、determine
(1)vt.
测定,查明,准确算出
Eg:
We
set
out
to
determine
what
happened
that
night.
我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。
(2)vt.
确定,安排;决定,支配,影响
Eg:
Generally,
a
good
educational
background
and
highly
developed
moral
sense
can
determine
your
future
success.
一般来说,良好的教育背景和强烈的道德意识能够决定你未来的成功。
(3).
vt.
决定,决心(做某事)
搭配:
determine
on
...
决心/决定......
determine
to
do
sth.(表示动作)决心做某事,决定做某事
Eg:
They
determined
on
an
early
start.
他们决定早点出发。
Words
5、sensitive
(1)adj.
感觉敏锐的,艺术感觉好的,有悟性的
Eg:
The
actor’s
sensitive
performance
received
a
big
round
of
applause.
这位演员细腻的演出获得了热烈的掌声。
(2)adj.
易生气的,易被惹恼的,神经过敏的
be
sensitive
to/about…
对……神经敏感
Eg:
Don’t
be
so
sensitive
and
I
was
not
criticizing
you.
不要这么敏感,我不是在批评你。
(3)adj.
(对低温、光、食物等)敏感的,过敏的
搭配:be
sensitive
to
对……敏感/过敏
(4)adj.
体贴的,善解人意的
搭配:be
sensitive
to
对……体贴
Words
6、reflect
(1)vt.
反射;显示,表明;反映,映出(影像)
搭配:
reflect
the
views
of...表明……的意见
reflect
sb./sth.in
sth.在某物里映出某人/某物
Eg:
The
windows
reflected
the
bright
afternoon
sunlight.
窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。
(2)vt.&vi.沉思,认真思考
搭配:
reflect
on/upon…
认真思考……
Words
7、contain
vt.
包含,含有,容纳
易混词
辨析
contain
意为“包含,含有”,侧重于“整体内有”,也可指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物,不用于进行时态。
Some
plants
and
animals
contain
natural
poisons
that
are
harmful
to
people.有些动植物含有对人有害的天然毒素。
include
意为"包括",侧重于被包含者只是整体中的一部分。
The
tour
included
a
visit
to
the
Science
Museum.
这次游览包括参观科学博物馆。
Sentences
1、sb.
was
doing
sth.
when…
(1)此句型表示“某人正在做某事,这时(突然)”,句中when作并列连词,连接两个并列分句,前一分句通
常用过去进行时,后一分词通常用一般过去时。
(2)when表示“这时/那时(突然)”时,相当于and
then,and
just
then或and
a
that
time。when
可与suddenly连用以加强语气。在此用法中when不能用while替换。
Eg:
I
was
thinking
about
the
basketball
match
when
someone
knocked
on
my
desk.
我正想着篮球比赛,这时突然有人敲了我的桌子。
Sentences
2、表示抽象地点的名词后接的定语从句
当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词,如point,situation,case,stage,condition,scene,activity,position,site,spot等,且关系词在从句中作状语时,应用关系副词where或"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。
Eg:
He
got
into
a
situation
were
in
which
it
was
hard
to
tell
what
was
right
and
wrong.
他陷入一种难以判断是非的局面。
Structure
Para.1:
A
child
found
a
shell
from
which
he
heard
strange,
low,
musical
sounds.
Para.2:
We
need
to
love
literature,
and
make
an
effort
to
explain
it.
Para.3:
The
first
quality
of
literature
is
its
description
of
truth
and
beauty.
Para.4:
The
second
quality
of
literature
is
its
appeal
to
our
feelings
and
imagination.
Structure
Para.5:
The
third
quality
of
literature
is
its
permanence.
It
contains
two
elements:
universal
interest
and
personal
style.
Para.6:
Literature
is
the
experience
of
life
in
forms
of
truth
and
beauty,
the
written
record
of
man’s
thoughts
and
feelings,
and
the
history
of
the
human
soul.
Structure
Part
2
Para.2:
How
to
appreciate
literature
Part
1
Para
1:
introduction
to
the
topic
The
wonder
of
literature
Part
3
Para.3-Para.
5:
Three
qualities
of
literature
Part
4
Para
6:
Summary
Structure
根据课文内容选择正确答案
What
is
the
author's
purpose
of
sharing
the
story
in
Para.
1?
A.
To
entertain
the
readers.
B.
To
share
one
of
his
experiences
when
young
.
C.
To
show
us
a
way
to
a
new
world.
D.
To
introduce
the
topic
of
the
passage.
2.What
should
we
do
to
enter
and
enjoy
the
new
world
mentioned
in
Para.2?
A.
Determine
literature's
qualities.
B.
Love
literature
and
try
to
make
an
explanation
of
it.
C.
Study
literature
and
enjoy
little
songs
or
great
books.
D.
Understand
human
race
and
the
natural
and
social
environments.
Structure
3.What
qualities
of
literature
does
the
example
of
the
shell
show?
The
first
quality.
B.
The
second
quality.
C.
The
third
quality.
D.
The
first
and
the
second
qualities.
4.What
elements
should
the
literature
contain
to
achieve
permanence?
A.
Dreams
and
magic.
B.
Truth
and
beauty.
C.
Universal
interest
and
personal
style.
D.
The
author's
thoughts
and
feelings.
第二课堂
Literature
is
the
textbook
of
human
life.
文学是人的生活的教科书。
同时,文学也是生活的调味剂。让我们在第二课堂好好放松一下,共同欣赏以下有意思的作品片段吧!
第二课堂
《破碎故事之心》
小说一开始写一个典型的男孩遇见女孩的故事。里面的主要人物贾斯汀·霍根斯拉格(Justin
Horgenshlag)和雪莉·莱斯特(Shirley
Lester)一同乘坐第三大道的公交车上班。霍根斯拉格对雪莉一见钟情,迫不及待地要请她出去。这时,塞林格打断了叙述,向读者解释说,他没法按原计划继续写作(他指出,故事原来要投给《克利尔》)。对他构思的情节来说,这两个人物太普通了,他好像没法以合适的方式让他们“走到一起”。塞林格先是引着读者领略一系列幽默的插曲,这些插曲最终把不幸的霍根斯拉格送进了监狱,之后作者决定打消构建浪漫故事的念头。现实是黑暗的:雪莉和豪根斯拉格之后相互再也没说一句话,他们在第三大道下车,各奔东西,继续他们没有爱的和世俗的生活,故事到此结束。《破碎故事之心》是美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格所创作的短篇小说。故事戏仿当时的浪漫小说和流行的警匪片,讽刺了商业杂志推销。
第二课堂
Excerpts
from
The
Heart
of
a
Broken
Story
贾斯汀霍根施拉格,周薪30美元的印刷小工,每天有差不多60来个陌生女人从他眼前经过。由此推算,在霍根施拉格住在纽约的这几年里,眼前要经过大约75120个不同的女人。在这75120个女人里,大概有25000个在15~
30岁之间。在这25000个里只有5000个体重105~125磅之间。在这5000个里只有1000个长得还过得去。只有500个有一定魅力;只有100个相当迷人;只有25个能引来一声长而缓的口哨声。但只有一个让霍根施拉格一见钟情。
Every
day
Justin
Horgenschlag,
thirty-dollar-a-week
printer's
assistant,
saw
at
close
quarters
approximately
sixty
women
whom
he
had
never
seen
before.
Thus
in
the
few
years
he
had
lived
in
New
York,
Horgenschlag
had
seen
at
close
quarters
about
75,120
different
women.
Of
these
75,
120
women,
roughly
25,000
were
under
thirty
years
of
age
and
over
fifteen
years
of
age.
Of
the
25,000
only
5,000
weighed
between
one
hundred
five
and
one
hundred
twenty-five
pounds.
Of
these
5,000
only
1,000
were
not
ugly.
Only
500
were
reasonably
attractive;
only
100
of
these
were
quite
attractive;
only
25
could
have
inspired
a
long,
slow
whistle.
And
with
only
1
did
Horgenschlag
fall
in
love
at
first
sight.
第二课堂
Excerpts
from
The
Heart
of
a
Broken
Story
I
came
to
New
York
from
Seattle.
I
was
going
to
become
rich
and
famous
and
well-dressed
and
suave.
But
in
four
years
I've
learned
that
I
am
not
going
to
become
rich
and
famous
and
well-dressed
and
suave.
I'm
a
good
printer's
assistant,
but
that's
all
I
am.
One
day
the
printer
got
sick,
and
I
had
to
take
his
place.
What
a
mess
I
made
of
things,
Miss
Lester.
No
one
would
take
my
orders.
The
typesetters
just
sort
of
giggled
when
I
would
tell
them
to
get
to
work.
And
I
don't
blame
them.
I'm
a
fool
when
I
give
orders.
I
suppose
I'm
just
one
of
the
millions
who
was
never
meant
to
give
orders.
But
I
don't
mind
anymore.
我从西雅图来到纽约。我想要变得有钱有名有款有型。但四年过去了,我意识到我不会变得有钱有名有款有型。我是个优秀的印刷小工,仅此而已。有天印刷员病了,我就替他的活。我把事情搞得一团糟啊,莱斯特小姐。根本没人听我的。我叫排字员去工作时,他就咯咯乱笑。我不怪他。我命令别人的时候挺傻的。我想我不过是那数百万从没想过要发号施令的人之一。但我真的无所谓了。
第二课堂
Excerpts
from
The
Heart
of
a
Broken
Story
There's
a
twenty-three-year-old
kid
my
boss
just
hired.
He's
only
twenty-three,
and
I
am
thirty-one
and
have
worked
at
the
same
place
for
four
years.
But
I
know
that
one
day
he
will
become
head
printer,
and
I
will
be
his
assistant.
But
I
don't
mind
knowing
this
anymore.
Loving
you
is
the
important
thing,
Miss
Lester.
There
are
some
people
who
think
love
is
sex
and
marriage
and
six
o'
clock-kisses
and
children,
and
perhaps
it
is,
Miss
Lester.
But
do
you
know
what
I
think?
I
think
love
is
a
touch
and
yet
not
a
touch.
我老板刚雇了个23岁的小子。他才23岁,而我已经31了,并且在同一个地方做了四年。但我知道有一天他会变成印刷主管,而我还是当他的小工。但就算这样我也无所谓了。
爱你是我唯一重要的事,莱斯特小姐。有人认为爱是性,是婚姻,是清晨六点的吻,是一堆孩子,也许真是这样的,莱斯特小姐。但你知道我怎么想吗?我觉得爱是想触碰又收回手。