Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark 拔高知识讲义及精选练习题 含答案

1176020012458700Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.（教师版）
目标短语
1. 过去常常做某事 used to do sth. 2. 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth.
3. 时常；有时 from time to time 4. 考试不及格 fail an exam
5. 在过去的几年里 in the past/last few years 6. 应对；处理 deal with
7. 为…感到自豪 be proud of/take pride in 8. 寄宿学校 boarding school
9. 亲身；亲自 in person 10. 公开的 in public
11. 作演讲 give a speech 12. 私人时间 private time
13. 要求某人做某事 require sb. to do sth. 14. 敢于做某事 dare to do sth.
15. 考虑做某事 consider doing sth. 16. 准备做某事 be prepared to do sth.
17. 缺席 be absent from 18. 感到孤独 feel lonely
19. 对某人有很大的影响have a great influence on sb.20. 学着、开始做某事 take up doing sth.
21. 不再 not … anymore(频率)/ any longer(时长) 22. 受众人关注 get tons of attention
23. 闲逛 hang out 24. 放弃 give up
25. 足够勇敢可以做某事 brave enough to do.. 26. 取得好成绩 get good grades
27. 奋斗坚持 fight on 28. 极少数人 a very small number of people
29. 攀上成功之巅 make it to the top 30. 对..不那么感兴趣 be less interested in
31. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 32. 一段5小时的公交车程 a 5-hour bus ride
33. 对..感到紧张 be nervous about sth. 34. 未能做成某事 fail to do sth.
35. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb. doing sth. 36. 看见某人做过某事 see sb. do sth.
词汇认知及运用
一、阅读句子，从方框中选出一个合适的词汇，并用其正确形式填空。
influence absent humor fail silent score exact private introduce require
1. Everyone can't help laughing in the lecture because of his _________ expressions. humorous
2. An old saying goes that speech is silver, __________ is gold. silence
3. Class 1 won the final match by a _________ of 3-2. score
4. This is a _________ conversation. It's none of your business. private
5. If you ________ further information, you should visit our website www.e-times.net.cn. require
6. What you eat may ___________ your risk of getting cancer, so you should be careful with certain food. influence
7. We are worried about him because he has been ___________ from his desk for two weeks. absent
8. He _________ in his attempt(打算) to take control of the company. failed
9. His answer is not __________ right, so we need to prove it again. exactly
10. With the __________ of new technology, productivity(生产效率) has been improved very greatly. introduction
二、阅读句子，用括号中词的正确形式填空。
1.You really require a lot of __________(talent) and hard work to succeed. talent
2. Major questions remain to be _________(answer)about his work. answered
3.To ________(we) surprise, he is our English teacher's husband. our
4. There's always _________(ton)of scrap paper (废纸)in Dad's office. tons
5.It_________(be) five years since we last saw our senior school classmates. has been
6.It depends on __________（person）taste. personal
7.The woman couldn’t say a word because of __________ (sad). sadness
8.Tom’s father was very angry about his_____________ (care). carelessness
9.What a terrible _________ (decide) he made! He shouldn’t refuse the invitation. decision
10.It is a good idea __________ (take) my dog out for a walk. to take
11.Please pay attention to _____________（take）care of this baby. taking
三、阅读句子，在句子的空格处填入适当的介词或副词。
1. It's very exciting that good ideas come into my mind from time _______ time. to
2. When you can't deal _______ the problem alone, ask for help anytime. with
3. ______ general, students from class 1 are more hard—working than class 2. In
4. Successful men have reasons to be proud _______ their achievements. of
5. Your mother must take pride _______ your achievement. in
6. Our manager asked you to attend the meeting _______ person. in
语言知识精讲
1. deal with 应对；处理
【辨析】deal with 与 do with
(1) deal with 与 do with 两者都可以用来表示＂处理＂，前者侧重于方式、方法，后者侧重于对象。在句中，
deal with与how连用，do with 则与what连用。
?I don’t know how they deal with the problem. = I don’t know what they do with the problem.
我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。
（2）deal with 还意为＂应付；涉及；论及＂。
?He’s good at dealing with pressure. 他善于应付压力。
【典例】 Jane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of problems to ______.
A. deal with B. keep up with C. agree with D. come up with【答案】A

2. require 要求；需求 requirement n. 要求
If you require further information, you can visit our website.
如果需要进一步了解信息，可以访问我们的网站。
We required her to attend the opening ceremony. 我们要求她参加开幕式
【即学即用】
1. Are you ______to play computer games on school nights? C
A. required B. let C. allowed D. asked
2. Rainy days ______me want to sleep. B
A. let B. make C. require D. allow

3. cause
① n.起因
These causes led to a bad result. 这些原因导致了不良的后果。
I don't think you have cause to worry. 我认为你没有担心的理由。
② vt. 造成；导致……发生
The child's headache may be caused by stress. 那孩子的头痛可能是紧张引起的。
The earthquake caused great damage. 地震造成很大损害。
【辨析】cause reason excuse
1）cause指直接导致事情发生的原因，与所发生的事件有因果关系。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.
事故的起因是他开的太快了
2）reason强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不是直接说明起因。
I have many reasons to fear him. 我怕他是有很多理由的。
3）excuse指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由。
Don't make up any excuse for your mistakes. 不要为你的过错编造任何借口。

4. influence
①v 影响；感染；支配；对…..起作用，只要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默
化的影响。
What you read influences your thinking. 你所读的会影响你所想的。
It's clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受到了毕加索的影响。
②n. have a great influence on sb. = make a big difference to sb. 对某人有一个很大的影响。
Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。
【即学即用】
我的老师对我影响很大。(influence)
__________________________________________.

5. Mario, you used to be short, didn’t you?马里奥，你过去很矮，是吗？
(1) used to意为＂过去常常＂，后接动词原形，表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态（暗
含现在已经不复存在）。
?He used to play basketball at school. 他过去常常在学校里打篮球。
?He used to walk to school. 他过去常常步行去上学。
【辨析】used to do sth., be used to do sth.与be used to doing sth.


【典例】 Li Ming used _________ on the right in China, but he soon got used _________ on the left in England. D
A. to drive; to drive B. driving; driving C. to driving; to drive D. to drive; to driving
(2) 本句是一个反意疑问句，反意疑问句的特点是＂前肯后否＂或＂前否后肯＂。
?You are a student, aren’t you? 你是个学生，对吗？
?We can’t take books out, can we? 我们不能把书拿出去，对吗？
【拓展】反意疑问句的用法
①回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样，如果答语是肯定的，用＂Yes + 肯定结构＂；如
果答语是否定的，则用＂No + 否定结构＂。
?—He enjoys singing, doesn’t he? 他喜欢唱歌，是吗？
—Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 对，是的。/不，不是。
②回答陈述部分为否定句的反意疑问句时，yes或no的汉语意思与其本身的词义相反。
—You didn’t go to school, did you? 你没有去上学，是吗？
—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.不，我去了。/是的，我没有去。
【典例】 He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, ________?
A. does he B. isn’t he C. can’t he D. can he【答案】D
【即学即用】
莉莉曾经是短头发吗？_____________________
他过去不抽烟，是吗？_____________________

6. Only a small number of people make it to the top. 仅有一小部分人达到顶级水平。
【解析】
①a number of/the number
a small number of少数的…… a large number of 很多的……
Only a small number of students pass the exam. 仅有一部分学生通过了考试。
A large number of players come from NBA in this match. 这场比赛中很多的选手来自NBA。
the number of…"……的数量" 用作主语时谓语用单数；
The number of students is over 2 hundred on the playground. 操场上学生的数量超过了二百。
② make it to the top 达到顶级水平
Few of?the?basketball players?make?it?to?the?top. 足球受训人员中没有几个能达到顶级水平.
It's hard to make it to the top in show business. 在娱乐行业很难达到顶级水平。
【即学即用】
1. —How many students are there in your school?
—_____ of the students in our school ______ over two thousand. A
A. The number, is B. The number, are C. A number, is D. A number, are
2. In our school library there ________ a number of books and the number of them ________ growing larger and
larger.
A. is; are B. has; is C. are; is D. have; are 【答案】C


写作
如何写好今昔对比类作文
写好今昔对比类作文的三点建议
1. 一定要把握时态的运用，时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时。
2. 写作格式：提出主题句——对过去情况的描述——对现在情况的描述——总结句。或者对今昔进行逐条对比。
3. 找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点
【常用句型】
(1)...used to..., but now...过去常……，但是现在……
(2)...in the past, but now...在过去……，但是现在……
(3)once..., but now...曾经……，但是现在……
(4)Things are different now.情况已大不同了。
(5)But now, everything has changed.但是现在全变了。
【典例】联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：
1. 大小：近100户人家，约500口人。
2. 变化：过去很穷，最近变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。
3. 教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。
要求：1. 要点齐全，前后连贯。 2. 词数：100—120之间。
【佳作展示】
Ladies and gentlemen,
This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot recently and has been developing very fast. People here live a much better life than before. Now it is taking on a new look.
In the past, the school here was very small and most children couldn’t afford to go to school. But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeies is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school—age children can study here. What’s more, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy your stay here!

语法练习
1. My grandfather ______ us stories when I was young. C
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
2. This sign is used tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo. A
A. to warn B. to warning C. to make D. to making
3. —________you ________ go to school by bike？ —Yes. But now I usually go to school by bus. A
A. Did；use to B. Were；used to C. Do；use to D. Will；use to
4. I used to ________in the morning，but now I’m used to ________before going to bed. C
A. read；read B. reading；read C. read；reading D. reading；reading
5. She ________live with her grandparents，but she doesn’t now. A
A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. is used for
6. —Rooney used to ________late for school. —Yes，but now she is used to ________up early. D
A.be；get B. being；getting C. being；get D.be；getting
7. Jack _____ dislike the weather in Beijing in spring, because there is so much wind and sand. But now he ____ it.
A. is used to; used to B. used to; is used to C. was used to; is used to D. used to; used to B
8. —Do the Smiths live next door to you? —No, but they________. A
A. used to B. used to do C. are used to D. used to be
课后练习
一、单项选择?
1. _________ the problem. Tom has tried many different ways. B
A. Deal with B. To deal with C. Dealing with D. Dealt with
2. ---Dear you need to _______ by next week, to go university at home or go abroad.
----OK, Mum. I am considering it. C
A. make an appointment B. make a suggestion C. make a decision D. make a mistake
3. ---How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha? ---It is _________ flight from Tianjin to Changsha. A
A. 2-hour-long B. 2-hours-long C. 2 hours’ long D. 2 hour long
4. It's important ________ you _______ your life. B
A. of; to change B. for; to change C. for; change D. of; change
5. _______ my classmates have passed the exam ______ my classmates is fifty. B
A. The number of; A number of B. A number of; The number of
C. Number of; A number of D. The number of; Number of
6. We all know that learning a foreign language _________ time and effort. A
A. requires B. reduces C. removes D. repeats
7. They suggested _________ the sports meeting, because it _______. C
A. put off; rains heavily B. be put off; rains heavy
C. putting off; rained heavily D. putting off; rained heavy
8. My mother ________ to work by car, but now she ______ to her workplace. D
A. used to go; is used to walk B. used to go; used to walking
C. used to going; is used to walk D. used to go; is used to walking
9. Lucy doesn't really know _________ her naughty dog. D
A. what to make with B. how to do with C. what to deal with D. what to do with
10. My brother _______ like French. But now he shows ______ in it. A
A. didn't use to; an interest B. used to; interested
C. didn't used to; an interest D. was used to; interested
11. I don’t believe that this ________boy can paint such a nice picture. C
A. five years old B. five—years—old C. five—year—old D. five year old
12. Don’t ______your hope and try again. A
A. give up B. look up C. wake up D. make up
13.There is not ________room for these books，so you’d better put them on the shelf. A
A. so much B. much too C. so many D. too many
14. — _________________? —He is tall. B
A. How is he B. What does he look like C. What does he like D. How does he like?
15. What I experienced in the poor mountain villages ________ my life and decision about future. B
A. caused B. influenced C. appeared D. fought
16. Mr. Green used to live in Beijing with his daughter, ________________? B
A. did he B. didn’t he C. did she D. didn’t she
17. —________ my surprise, Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team. C
—Congratulations. He did well _______ playing football when he was very young. I hope he’ll be the best player in our school.
A. To；of B. At；at C. To；in D. In；about
18. We advise parents _______ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. B
A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave
二、完成句子
1. 莉莉告诉我，她以前害羞，开始唱歌是为了克服自己的害羞。 used to be shy; overcome
Lily told me that she ___________________ and took up singing to ______________ her shyness.
2. 她解释说有很多的好事，比如总是能旅行和结识新朋友。being able to; all the time
She explained that there were many good things, like ________ travel and meet new people ____________.
3. 当他是个小孩时，他几乎不给父母惹麻烦，父母以他为荣。 were proud of/took pride in
As a small child, he seldom gave his parents any problems, and they ________________ him.
4. 我父母作了送我去寄宿学校的决定。 made a decision to
My parents ____________ send me to a boarding school.
5. 很难相信他过去在学校有很多困难。 used to have a lot of trouble/difficulties
It's hard to believe that he ______________________ his school.
6. 随着她的情况逐渐好转，她敢于在全班同学面前唱歌，然后是为全校(师生)唱歌。 dared to sing
As she got better, she ______________ in front of her class, and then for the whole school.
7. 这个明星过去在学校不受欢迎，但是现在他去哪里都受到大家的关注。 didn’t use to be
The star ____________ popular in school, but now he gets tons of attention everywhere he goes.
8. 我总是不得不为怎么样出现在别人面前而担优，并且我必须注意自己的言行。 worry about
I always have to _______________ how I appear to others, and I have to be very careful about what I say or I do.
9. 老师建议父母亲自和儿子谈谈。advise the parents to; in person
The teacher _______________ talk with their son ____________.
10. 这个男孩有时旷课，因此考试时常就会不及格。is absent from; fails exams
Sometimes the young boy __________________ classes, so he _____________ from time to time.
三、阅读理解
A
Two years ago，my family moved to a new city and I had to study in a new school. As I had few friends there. I felt lonely. Then I met Tony. The first time I saw him. he was standing in the center of a group of students，telling jokes. The children around laughed from time to time. Tony knew about my problem. He asked me to play basketball with his friends and helped me with my studies. We soon became good friends.
About a year ago，however，Tony’s father was killed in an accident. As a result，his family had to move to a small house. Tony changed into a different person. He became silent and he even lost his interest in studies. Several times. I invited him to go out and play basketball with me，but he refused. I wanted to help him，but didn’t know what to do.
Then something strange happened in my class. Two classmates lost the money in their schoolbags.
Last Friday，just before the P.E. lesson，I went back to the classroom to get my running shoes I would use. The door was half open. I went in. To my astonishment，I saw Tony was searching one of my classmates’ schoolbags. I was shocked…
1.What kind of boy was Tony at the beginning of the story？ C
A. He was a clever boy. B. He was a poor boy.
C. He was a popular boy. D. He was a shy boy.
2.Why did the writer become friends with Tony？ B
A. Because Tony helped him do his homework. B. Because Tony was kind to him.
C. Because Tony liked playing basketball. D. Because Tony told jokes.
3.What caused the change of Tony？ A
A. His father’s accident. B. His strange character.
C. The move of his family. D. The loss of his interest in playing with his friends.
4. How did the writer feel when he saw Tony’s change？ D
A. He felt angry. B. He felt surprised. C. He felt unhappy. D. He felt worried.
5.The underlined word＂astonishment＂means________. B
A. sadness B. surprise C. disappointment D. joy
B
A famous study was done in a school by a professor from a university. At the start of the school year, the teachers were given the names of five children. They were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class. But the fact was that these students were only average and they were not the best students at all. Well, guess what? At the end of the year, all the five average students scored among the highest in the class.
What made these average students change so much to become top students? The only difference was the change in their teachers’ attitude. Because the teachers believed that these five kids were top students, they expected more from them. And so these five average students became to believe and expect more from themselves. So they worked harder to do as well as they could.
Do you know? If you expect the best from people, they’ll usually want to give you their best. A great leader said, ＂Treat a person just how he appears to be on the outside, and you’ll make him even worse. But treat a person like he’s already a success, and you’ll help make him the best he can be.＂
Like the true story of 7-year-old Johnny, his teacher got so angry with him that one day she said,＂Johnny, you’re the naughtiest(最调皮的) boy in this class. I’m sure you’ll never change.＂The next year Johnny had a new teacher. And on the first day of class, she met with Johnny after school and said,＂Johnny, I’ve heard a lot about you！But do you know that I don’t believe a word of it?＂And every day after that, this new teacher treated Johnny as if he was one of the smartest students even when Johnny did naughty things. Later on, Johnny became a school leader, because that’s the power of our belief and attitude towards children.
6. The professor started his research by _____________. C
A. telling the five students to work harder than ever before
B. teaching the five children himself
C. telling the teachers that the five students were the best in the class
D. asking the five children to find a new teacher
7. The five average students became top students mainly because of _____________. D
A. the professor’s study B. the change in the professor’s attitude
C. the teachers’ hard work D. the change in the teachers’ attitude
8. Why did the writer tell us the story of 7-year-old Johnny? A
A. To show the importance of encouragement. B. To show that the boy was clever enough.
C. To let us know the famous boy. D. To let us know how good his new teacher was.
9. According to the story, we can learn that _____________. D
A. the research began at the end of the school year
B. the students scored highest only because they worked hard
C. if you expect the most from people, you’ll get the least
D. little Johnny liked his new teacher very much
10. What does the passage mainly tell us? B
A. If you want to get more, you should have new teachers.
B. Attitude and belief can change a person.
C. A professor’s study can help you score highest.
D. Only teachers can make you a top student.
C
It's important to learn how we can protect the environment. Here are 5R rules for us.
Reduce If you want to reduce waste, you should use things more wisely. 11. If everyone uses paper carelessly, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don't know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the amount of waste we produce.
Reuse You should always think of reusing things before throwing them out. For example, 12. In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.
Recycle Bottles, cans and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so we save lots of time and money. For example, 13. The metal can be used to make new coke cans.
Recover 14. You have two choices: one is to throw the apples away, the second is to throw the rotten ones and keep the good ones. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food.
Repair If one of the legs of your table is broken, you should repair it. If you want to buy something newer and better, it is better for you to sell the old item, or 15.
Learn the rules to protect our environment. Let's try our best to make the earth cleaner and more beautiful.
A. give the clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor.
B. coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed flat and melted.
C. A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper.
D. There are planted every year.
E. give it to people who can use it after repairing it.
F. Don’t throw it away if you can use it.
G. When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten ones. CABGE
四、短文填空
luck，proud，good，decide，he，change，child，interest，use, try
Martin Murray is a school boy and he is fifteen years old. He 1. ________ to be a problem child. However, after his father’s death, Martin’s life became much more difficult. His mother couldn’t afford to pay for her 2. __________ education. She had to work, and so she was often not at home.
His mother tried her best to look after him. Unfortunately, Martin still caused trouble. He was not 3. __________ in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. 4. , his mother was very patient and didn’t give up 5. ________ to help him. In the end, she made a difficult 6. : to send him to a boy’s boarding school. Martin hated it and caused a lot of trouble. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school.
The head teacher said it was necessary for Martin to talk with his mother. Martin called his mother, but to his surprise, this conversation changed his life. ＂It was exactly what I needed, ＂he said. ＂I know how much my mother had given me. She also told me that even though my father was not with us, he was watching me and would always take 7. in everything good I do. That’s why I decided to change. ＂
Now Martin has really 8._________. He works hard and gets＂As＂in all subjects. He is now one of the 9. students in his class. His mother helps him to feel good about 10. . And as he says, ＂It’s very important for parents to be there for their children. ＂
used; child’s; ubterested; Luckily; trying; decision; pride; changed; best; himself
五、任务型阅读
Is it difficult for you to remember things? I'd like to tell you some ways to improve your memory, so you shouldn't feel upset.
My first advice is that if you want to remember something well, you have to review it regularly. You might review the material two days after you learn it, then a week later, then two weeks later, and then a month later. After a month you will find that you can easily remember the material.
My second advice is to use a colored pen to highlight the important parts on your book. This will help you in two days. First, it will help you pay attention to the most important parts when you learn the language. It is always easier to remember only the key points. Second, this will make reviewing easier. When you open your book, the colored parts will show you the most important things quickly. In this way, you don’t have to review all the material again.
Another piece of advice is to use the proper time well. First, review all the information in your mind right before you go to sleep. Your brain is working while you are sleeping. If you think about the formation before you go to sleep, you might be able to remember it better. Another good time for memorizing information is in the morning because you have just rested and your brain is fresh and clear. So you might also try to review the important information in the morning
1. How long may it take you to remember the material easily if you review it regularly?
It will take you ___________ if you review it regularly. a month
2. How to remember the key points easier?
You may _____________ to highlight the important parts on your book. use a colored pen
3. What is the good time to review information?
Another good time for memorizing information is ______________. in the morning
4. How many pieces of advice does the writer give?
The writer gives us ______________________. three pieces of advice
5. What is the passage mainly about?
This passage is mainly about _______________________. some ways to improve your memory
六、补全对话
A: Hi, Li Ming. 1. ______________________? May I ask you some questions?
B: Of course. Feel free to ask anything.
A: 2. ____________________? What do you think of the life in China now?
B: I think life in China is more colorful now. Since the Chinese are getting richer, they have more choices to enjoy
their free life.
A: 3. ___________________________? What do they do in their free time? What do they do to enjoy their free life?
B: They take outdoor activities such as camping, mountain climbing, playing card and so on.
A: Look! 4. ________________________? What are they doing?
B: They are having a square dancing, a kind of popular dance in China.
A: 5.____________________________. It seems interesting.
B: Yeah, it's not only interesting but also good for health.