2020-2021学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册
期末复习单元知识检测
Unit
3
一、阅读理解
1.???
The
city
of
San
Francisco
is
a
wonderful
tourist
attraction
that
offers
many
different
things
to
see
and
do.
The
best
way
for
a
traveler
to
get
a
good
look
at
the
city
is
to
take
one
of
the
many
different
tours
there.
???
Walk
to
Tour
the
City
???
When
touring
the
city
by
walking,
you
aren't
going
to
walk
much.
What's
more,
there
are
far
more
benefits.
This
kind
of
tour
allows
you
to
see
as
many
buildings
of
the
city
as
possible.
A
tour
of
the
city
on
foot
usually
focuses
on
a
more
localized
neighborhood
level,
which
can
be
very
interesting
in
a
number
of
different
ways.
???
Hit
the
Waters
of
San
Francisco
Bay
???
The
Waters
of
San
Francisco
Bay
have
played
an
important
role
in
the
city's
development
over
the
last
century.
Touring
San
Francisco
from
the
water
is
a
completely
unique
way
for
you
to
see
this
wonderful
city.
???
Take
a
Bus
Tour
???
If
you
want
to
see
a
wide
variety
of
attractions
from
all
over
the
city,
one
of
the
best
things
you
could
do
is
to
book
a
tour
through
our
company
that
offers
services
here.
A
bus
tour
of
San
Francisco
is
one
of
the
most
complete
ways
to
experience
the
city.
???
Tour
San
Francisco
From
the
Air
???
While
it
is
one
of
the
most
expensive
ways
to
see
San
Francisco,
touring
the
city
from
the
air
is
one
of
the
most
unique
and
exciting
ways
to
see
the
city.
Seeing
the
city
from
high
above
allows
you
to
get
a
full
view
of
the
city
as
tour
guides
point
out
attractions
from
high
above.
If
you
do
decide
to
tour
San
Francisco
by
air,
you'll
be
creating
memories
that
you
won't
forget
forever.
???
We
are
a
travel
agency
providing
high-quality
services
and
discounts.
For
more
information,
please
click
here.
1.How
should
you
tour
San
Francisco
in
order
to
appreciate
its
buildings?
A.By
air.
B.By
bus.
C.On
foot.
D.By
boat.
2.What
can
we
learn
about
the
Waters
of
San
Francisco
Bay?
A.They
have
high-quality
sea
water.
B.They
are
explored
on
a
localized
level.
C.They
were
not
in
use
until
the
last
century.
D.They
have
helped
the
city
to
develop.
3.Where
can
we
most
probably
read
this
text?
A.In
a
magazine.
B.In
a
newspaper.
C.On
a
website.
D.On
TV.
2.???
On
Wednesday,
January
13th,
I
performed
on
stage
for
the
first
time.
As
someone
who
takes
part
in
so
many
activities,
it's
extremely
difficult
to
find
the
time
to
be
a
part
of
any
production.
So,
it
was
a
once-in-a-lifetime
opportunity
for
me
to
try
acting
through
the
Senior
Play
Project.
???
Auditions
(试镜)
came
first.
They
weren't
particularly
difficult,
more
to
see
who
may
be
a
better
fitter
for
certain
roles.
We
were
told
our
roles
in
various
plays,
and
started
to
work
immediately.
???
I
was
unsure
of
how
I
was
as
an
actor,
and
I
had
to
learn
a
lot
fast:
the
action,
my
place
in
the
story,
my
reactions,
and
countless
other
small
details...
As
I
began
to
improve
as
an
actor,
I
was
able
to
understand
my
characters
better.
???
My
first
character
was
a
man
named
Roger
who
is
a
senior
adviser
to
a
presidential
candidate(候选人)
in
a
play
called
The
Spot.
He's
a
short-tempered
guy
who
says
what
he
wants
and
takes
what
he
wants
to
assist
his
candidate
in
today's
tough
political
races.
He
was
on
the
set
of
The
Spot,
an
advertisement
for
the
candidate,
to
make
sure
everything
ran
smoothly
and
that
any
problems
were
dealt
with
quickly
and
efficiently.
???
While
I
had
really
interesting
characters,
and
the
plays
were
funny
and
it
was
such
a
great
experience
to
act,
I
really
loved
the
Senior
Play
Project
for
the
people.
I
worked
with
12
other
seniors
who
not
only
loved
what
they
were
doing,
but
offered
help
and
advice
throughout
my
entire
learning
process.
Between
the
lights,
sounds,
costume
and
make-up,
and
plenty
more,
theatre
is
a
team
sport
just
like
basketball
or
baseball.
There
are
no
small
parts;
there
is
no
one
who
isn't
needed.
I've
learned
to
appreciate
live
theatre
and
the
effort
that
every
person
in
the
show,
both
onstage
and
offstage,
puts
into
it.
1.How
did
the
author
feel
about
being
in
the
project?
A.Lucky.
B.Tired.
C.Nervous.
D.Confident.
2.What
do
we
know
about
Roger?
A.He
has
a
good
character.
B.He
puts
up
an
advertisement.
C.He
gives
advice
to
a
candidate.
D.He
is
running
for
the
president.
3.What
does
the
author
like
most
about
the
project?
A.The
people.
B.The
plays.
C.The
characters.
D.The
costume.
4.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.The
Senior
Play
Project
B.Acting
for
the
First
Time
C.What
Makes
a
Good
Actor
D.A
Lesson
Learnt
from
Acting
3.???
Skyscrapers
are
the
symbol
of
urban
life.
City
people
are
used
to
seeing
tall
buildings
and
apartments.
Farms,
on
the
other
hand,
are
associated
with
rural(农村的)
life.
However,
there
are
experts
who
think
skyscrapers
should
become
farms
to
meet
the
increasing
food
needs.
???
By
the
middle
of
this
century,
some
scientists
suggest,
almost
80%
of
the
Earth's
population
could
live
in
cities.
In
addition,
the
population
could
increase
to
9.
1
billion
during
that
time
yet
the
amount
of
land
available
for
farming
will
be
the
same.
If
current
farming
practices
don't
change,
we
will
need
an
area
of
new
land
to
produce
enough
food
for
the
planet.
???
Vertical
farms,
where
urban
farmers
could
grow
crops
in
environment
friendly
skyscrapers,
could
be
the
solution.
In
spite
of
concerns
over
high
costs,
experts
want
to
make
it
a
reality
and
use
these
skyscrapers
to
grow
crops.
???
Vertical
farms
would
have
many
advantages,
supporters
say.
Unlike
traditional
farming,
vertical
farming
could
be
free
of
chemicals
and
diseases.
Besides,
crops
would
not
suffer
from
problems
like
flooding.
Finally,
vertical
farms
would
reduce
the
cost
and
negative
effects
of
transporting
food
over
long
distances.
???
Some
argue
that
although
crops
growing
in
a
tall
glass
building
would
get
natural
sunlight
during
the
day,
it
wouldn't
be
enough.
For
this
reason,
vertical
farms
would
need
additional
light
sources,
such
as
artificial
light.
Another
way
of
growing
fresh
food
is
to
build
urban
farms
on
rooftops.
This
more
practical
approach
may
be
more
achievable
than
the
idea
of
farms
in
skyscrapers,
researchers
suggest.
Experts
agree
that
innovative
(革新的)
farming
practices
are
needed
to
support
the
need
for
more
food
at
affordable
costs,
both
to
the
farmer
and
to
the
consumer,
but
the
best
ideas
have
yet
to
come.
1.What
primary
problem
could
vertical
farming
settle?
A.Poor
state
of
rural
life.
B.Shortage
of
food
supply.
C.High
cost
of
transporting
crops.
D.Environmental
pollution
by
traditional
farming.
2.What
is
the
advantage
of
vertical
farming?
A.It
can
produce
organic
food.
B.It
requires
little
care.
C.It
can
benefit
transport
industry.
D.It
needs
very
low
cost.
3.What
is
a
big
challenge
of
making
vertical
farming
a
reality?
A.Farmable
land.
B.Crop
diseases.
C.Light
sources.
D.Climate
conditions.
4.What
can
be
the
best
title
of
the
text?
A.Future
Food
Needs
B.Symbol
of
Urban
Life
C.Fanning
on
Rooftops
D.Farms
of
the
Future
4.???
Scientists
have
found
that
eating
dark
chocolate
appears
to
lower
the
risk
of
depression
by
four
fold.
While
7.6
percent
of
the
13,000
people
surveyed
reported
depressive
symptoms,
just
1.5
percent
of
the
chocolate
eaters
did.
The
study
also
found
that
the
people
who
consumed
the
most
of
any
chocolate
were
also
57
percent
less
likely
to
report
depressive
symptoms.
???
The
study
is
the
first
to
examine
the
association
with
depression
according
to
the
type
of
chocolate
consumed.
The
team
assessed
data
from
13,626
adults
from
the
US
National
Health
and
Nutrition
Examination
Survey.
???
A
range
of
other
factors
including
height,
weight,
marital
status,
education,
household
income,
physical
activity,
smoking
and
chronic
(慢性的)
health
problems
were
also
taken
into
account
to
ensure
the
study
only
measured
chocolate's
effect
on
depressive
symptoms.
???
After
adjusting
for
these
factors,
it
was
found
that
individuals
who
reported
eating
any
dark
chocolate
in
two
24-hour
periods
had
70
percent
lower
odds
of
reporting
clinically
relevant
depressive
symptoms
in
the
previous
two
weeks
than
those
who
reported
not
eating
chocolate
at
all.
???
Chocolate
contains
a
number
of
psychoactive
ingredients
(精神活性成分)
which
produce
a
feeling
of
euphoria
(兴奋感)
similar
to
that
of
cannabinoid
(大麻素),
found
in
cannabis.
It
also
contains
phenylethylamine
(苯基乙胺),
which
is
believed
to
be
important
for
regulating
people's
moods.
???
However
British
scientists
urged
caution
about
the
findings,
suggesting
that
the
decision
to
eat
dark
chocolate
could
be
linked
to
other
health
factors.
For
example,
people
who
choose
dark
chocolate
may
be
more
health
conscious
in
general,
which
is
known
to
protect
against
depression.
Depressed
people
are
also
more
likely
to
crave
more
sugary
fatty
foods
and
so
could
be
less
likely
to
pick
a
dark
alternative
when
choosing
chocolate.
1.What
is
the
aim
of
the
study?
A.To
find
a
cure
for
depression.
B.To
find
out
the
cause
of
depression.
C.To
research
on
the
ingredients
of
chocolate.
D.To
study
association
between
depression
and
chocolate.
2.What
is
phenylethylamine?
A.Something
that
can
make
people
excited.
B.Something
that
can
adjust
people's
moods.
C.Something
that
can
make
people
depressed.
D.Something
that
can
make
people
overweight.
3.What
is
British
scientists'
attitude
toward
the
findings?
A.
Supportive.
B.
Negative.
C.
Doubtful.
D.
Cautious.
4.What
are
depressed
people
more
likely
to
do?
A.
Eat
sugary
fatty
foods.
B.
Have
dark
chocolates.
C.
Exercise
outdoors.
D.
Concern
about
health.
二、七选五
???
?What's
holding
you
back
from
having
the
life
or
career
you
want?
The
answer
for
over
50%
of
people
is
fear.
This
can
turn
up
in
a
variety
of
ways
from
doubt,
worry,
and
anxiety.
Maybe
you've
been
told
negatives
(否定)
and
put-downs
over
and
over
again
by
other
people.?①
_____
It's
completely
normal
to
be
afraid
in
these
situations,
but
you
have
a
choice
in
how
you
let
those
thoughts
shape
your
actions.
????②_____
What's
at
the
root
of
it?
Where
do
these
thoughts
come
from?
Really
dig
through
the
layers
of
the
story
you
are
telling
yourself
and
find
the
reason.
It's
possible
that
this
belief
was
given
to
you
by
someone
else
and
you've
just
been
accepting
it
as
true.
???
Create
a
support
system.
While
you
are
working,
at
meetings,
or
building
a
business,
who
is
supporting
you?
Many
people
believe
they
are
fine
with
"go
it
alone",
and
don't
need
help.
The
reality
is
that
most
people
who
try
to
do
everything
on
their
own,
waste
a
lot
of
time,
and
end
up
feeling
burnt
out.
③_____
???
Dare
to
dream.
What
are
your
dreams??④_____
In
fact,
all
of
our
modern
conveniences:
electricity,
cars,
airplanes,
and
computers
were
once
dreams.
Imagine
if
those
inventors
held
back
because
of
what
other
people
thought
about
them.
????⑤_____
Understanding
where
a
negative
belief
comes
from
helps
you
move
through
the
fear.
Then
you
can
start
taking
measures
that
help
you
achieve
your
goals.
This
sounds
simple,
but
in
fact
it
can
be
the
hardest
part.
Knowing
something
on
an
intellectual
level
isn't
the
same
as
putting
it
into
practice.
If
you
want
any
help
around
this,
consider
working
with
a
coach.
A.Take
action.
B.Explore
the
fear.
C.Create
a
simple
plan.
D.They
might
be
something
deep
in
your
mind.
E.Or
perhaps
you've
tried
reaching
a
goal
but
finally
failed.
F.Having
a
team
to
support
you
will
help
you
reach
your
goals.
G.It
doesn't
have
to
stop
you
from
living
the
lifestyle
you
want.
三、完形填空
???
Viktor
Usov
has
just
been
reunited
with
his
cat
Sasha
after
the
cat
was
discovered
wandering
on
the
streets
about
1,400
miles
away
from
home.
Usov
said
he
had????
1???
?let
Sasha
play
outside
one
night
five
years
ago,
only
to
have
him
disappear.
He
once
assumed
the?????2
???
result
that
he
might
have
lost
Sasha.
???
Last
week,
however,
Sasha
was
taken
in
as
a
healthy
pet
in
Santa
Fe,
New
Mexico.
Upon?????3
???
his
microchip,
the
staff
at
the
Santa
Fe
Animal
Shelter
were?????4
???
to
find
that
his
owner
lived
so
far
away.
After
they?????5
???
to
get
in
contact
with
Usov,
he
confirmed
that
the
cat
was
his?????6
???
cat.
Usov
told
reporters,
"When
I
got
the?????7
???,
I
was
crazy,
but
not
that
surprised.
I
know
this
cat
loves
the?????8
???."
Still,
Usov
was
delighted
to
see
his
cat
in
Portland
just?????9
???
after
he
was
found
in
Santa
Fe.
"When
he
???
10
???,
I'll
look
after
him
better,"
he
said.
???
Sasha
was
???
11
???
back
earlier
this
week.
"Our
???
12
???
is
about
caring
for
people
on
life's
journey
and
connecting
them
with
their
loved
ones.
We
were
honored
to
be
in
a
???
13
???
to
get
Sasha
back
to
his
family,"
a
spokesperson
for
American
Airlines
told
the
shelter.
???
Murad
Kirdar
at
the
shelter
hoped
Sasha's
story
would
be
a
great
???
14?
??
for
other
pet
owners
to
get
their
pets
microchipped
—
an
effective
way
to
???
15
???
identification.
By
doing
so
their
hairy
friends
could
always
make
their
way
home,
no
matter
how
far
they
are
from
home.
1.A.recently????
B.simply????
C.especially????
D.apparently
2.A.best????
B.worst????
C.luckiest????
D.easiest
3.A.scanning????
B.fixing????
C.gaining????
D.removing
4.A.disappointed????
B.delighted????
C.shocked????
D.anxious
5.A.failed????
B.arranged????
C.managed????
D.expected
6.A.lost????
B.energetic????
C.poor????
D.injured
7.A.certificate????
B.chance????
C.call????
D.request
8.A.life????
B.exercise????
C.nature????
D.adventure
9.A.weeks????
B.days????
C.months????
D.years
10.A.disappears????
B.recovers????
C.returns????
D.ages
11.A.shipped????
B.flown????
C.driven????
D.mailed
12.A.duty????
B.system????
C.attitude????
D.reaction
13.A.hurry????
B.scene????
C.dilemma????
D.position
14.A.practice????
B.strength????
C.challenge????
D.encouragement
15.A.support????
B.recognize????
C.forget????
D.destroy
四、语法填空
??
A
rainforest
is?①
_____
area
covered
by
tall
trees
with
the
total
high
rainfall
spreading
quite
equally
through
the
year.
Rainforests
have
a
great
effect
on
the
world
environment
because
they
can
take
in
heat
from
the
sun
and
adjust
the
climate.?②_____
the
forest
cover,
these
areas
would
reflect
more
heat
into
the
atmosphere,?③_____
(warm)
the
rest
of
the
world.
Losing
the
rainforests
may
also
influence
wind
and
rainfall
patterns,
potentially
causing
certain
natural
disasters
all
over
the
world.
???
In
the
past
hundred
years,
humans?④_____
(begin)
destroying
rainforests
in
search
of
three
major
resources:
land
for
crops,
wood
for
paper
and
other
products,
and
land
for
raising
farm?⑤_____
(animal).
This
action
affects
the
environment
as
a
whole.
For
example,
a
lot
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
comes
from
burning
the
rainforests.
People?⑥_____?(obvious)
have
a
need
for
the
resources
we
gain
from
cutting
trees,
but
we
will
suffer
much
more
than
we
will
benefit.
???
Rainforests
are
often
called
the
world's
drugstore.
More
than
25%
of
the
medicines?⑦_____
are
in
use
today
come
from
plants
in
rainforests.
However,?⑧_____
(few)
than
1%
of
rainforest
plants
have
been
examined
for
their?⑨_____?(medicine)
value.
It
is
extremely
likely
that
our
best
chance
to
cure
diseases?⑩_____?(lie)
somewhere
in
the
world's
shrinking
rainforests.
五、写作
1.假如你是高中生李华。最近,你的笔友Amy给你发来邮件,说她因发胖而感到非常苦恼。请你根据下列要点给她写一封建议信,内容要点包括:
???
1.?注意饮食健康,营养均衡;
???
2.?经常锻炼,保证睡眠充足;
???
3.?调整心态。
注意:
???
1.词数80左右;
???
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
???
Jenny
was
a
bright-eyed,
pretty
five-year-old
girl.
One
day
when
she
and
her
mother
were
checking
out
at
the
grocery
store,
Jenny
saw
a
plastic
pearl
necklace
which
was
priced
at
$2.50.
How
she
wanted
that
necklace,
and
when
she
asked
her
mother
if
she
would
buy
it
for
her,
her
mother
said,
"Well,
it
is
a
pretty
necklace,
but
it
costs
an
awful
lot
of
money.
I'll
tell
you
what.
I'll
buy
you
the
necklace,
and
when
we
get
home
we
can
make
up
a
list
of
chores
that
you
can
do
to
pay
for
the
necklace.
And
don't
forget
that
for
your
birthday
grandma
just
might
give
you
a
whole
dollar
bill,
too.
Okay?"
Jenny
agreed
happily,
and
her
mother
bought
the
pearl
necklace
for
her.
???
Jenny
worked
on
her
chores
very
hard
every
day,
and
sure
enough,
her
grandma
gave
her
a
brand-new
dollar
bill
for
her
birthday.
Soon
Jenny
had
paid
off
the
pearls.
How
Jenny
loved
those
pearls!
She
wore
them
everywhere
to
kindergarten,
bed
and
even
when
she
went
out
with
her
mother
to
run
errands.
???
The
only
time
she
didn't
wear
them
was
in
the
shower,
because
her
mother
had
told
her
that
they
would
turn
her
neck
green!
???
Jenny
had
a
very
loving
Daddy.
When
Jenny
went
to
bed,
he
would
get
up
from
his
favorite
chair
every
night
and
read
Jenny
her
favorite
story.
???
One
night
when
he
finished
the
story,
he
asked
Jenny,
"Hey,
sweetie,
do
you
love
me?"
???
"Oh
yes,
Daddy,
you
know
I
love
you,"
the
little
girl
said
with
a
warm
smile.
???
"Well,
then,
give
me
your
pearls."
???
"Oh!
Daddy,
not
my
pearls!"
Jenny
refused.
"But
you
can
have
Rosy,
my
favorite
doll.
Remember
her?
You
gave
her
to
me
last
year
for
my
birthday.
And
you
can
have
her
tea
party
outfit
(全套服装),
too.
Okay?"
???
"Oh
no,
darling,
that's
okay."
Her
father
brushed
her
cheek
with
a
kiss.
"Good
night,
little
one."
Paragraph
1:
???
A
week
later,
Jenny's
father
once
again
asked
Jenny
the
same
question
after
her
story,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2:
???
Another
week
later,
when
her
father
came
in
to
read
her
a
story
as
usual,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-3.CDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据Walk
to
Tour
the
City中的"This
kind
of
tour
allows
you
to
see
as
many
buildings
of
the
city
as
possible."可知这种旅游方式可以让你看到尽可能多的城市建筑,所以答案选C。
2.推理判断题。根据Hit
the
Waters
of
San
Francisco
Bay中的"The
Waters
of
San
Francisco
Bay
have
played
an
important
role
in
the
city's
development
over
the
last
century."可知在过去的一个世纪里,旧金山湾的水域在城市的发展中扮演了重要的角色,所以答案选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"For
more
information,
please
click
here.(想了解更多信息,请点击这里)"可推知文章来自一个网站,所以答案选C。
2.答案：1-4.ACAB
解析：1.考查推理判断。根据文章第一段中的"As
someone
who
takes
part
in
so
many
activities,
it's
extremely
difficult
to
find
the
time
to
be
a
part
of
any
production.
So,
it
was
a
once-in-a-lifetime
opportunity
for
me
to
try
acting
through
the
Senior
Play
Project"可知,对作者来说,在Senior
Play
Project中表演是一个千载难逢的机会,从而可以推断出,作者对于参加这个项目感到幸运。故选A。
2.考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的"My
first
character
was
a
man
named
Roger
who
is
a
senior
adviser
to
a
presidential
candidate(候选人)
in
a
play
called
The
Spot"
可知,Roger在剧中是一位总统候选人的高级顾问,由此可知,Roger给候选人提供建议。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。根据文章第五段中的"While
I
had
really
interesting
characters,
and
the
plays
were
funny
and
it
was
such
a
great
experience
to
act,
I
really
loved
the
Senior
Play
Project
for
the
people"可知,作者最喜欢该项目中的人。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文,尤其是由第一段中的"On
Wednesday,
January
13th,
I
performed
on
stage
for
the
first
time"可知,文章主要讲述了作者第一次登台表演的经历。故选B。
3.答案：1-4.BACD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句"If
current
farming
practices
don't
change,
we
will
need
an
area
of
new
land
to
produce
enough
food
for
the
planet."及第三段中的"Vertical
farms...
could
be
the
solution."可知,如果现代的农耕方式不改变,我们将需要新的土地来为地球(上的人们)生产足够的食物,而垂直农业或许可以解决食物短缺问题。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句"Unlike
traditional
farming,
vertical
farming
could
be
free
of
chemicals
and
diseases."可知,垂直农业可以远离化学物质和疾病。由此可知,垂直农业的优点之一是可以生产有机食物。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段的内容,尤其是该段最后一句"For
this
reason,
vertical
farms
would
need
additional
light
sources,
such
as
artificial
light."可知,垂直农业需要额外的光源。由此可知,光源问题是实现垂直农业的一大挑战。
4.标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句和最后一段可知,作者通过说明传统农业所提供的食物满足不了日益增长的人口的需求,提出需要创造现代垂直农业来解决这个问题。全文都是围绕未来的垂直农业展开的,故D项“未来的农业”最适合作文章标题。
4.答案：1-4
DBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"The
study
is
the
first
to
examine
the
association
with
depression
according
to
the
type
of
chocolate
consumed."可知，其目的是研究抑郁和食用巧克力的种类之间的关系。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中"which
is
believed
to
be
important
for
regulating
people's
moods"可知，苯基乙胺是调节人们情绪的东西。
3.推理判断题。根据第六段第一句"However
British
scientists
urged
caution
about
the
findings,
suggesting
that
the
decision
to
eat
dark
chocolate
could
be
linked
to
other
health
factors."可知，英国科学家对研究的发现持谨慎的态度。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Depressed
people
are
also
more
likely
to
crave
more
sugary
fatty
foods
and
so
could
be
less
likely
to
pick
a
dark
alternative
when
choosing
chocolate."可知，抑郁的人也更有可能想吃更多的高糖高脂食物，因此在选择巧克力时，他们不太可能选择黑巧克力。
二、
答案：①-⑤
EBFDA
解析：①根据上一句及下一句中的"be
afraid
in
these
situations"可知，本空应是讲消极的情况，且E项中的Or
perhaps与上句中的Maybe相呼应，故选E项。
②此句是本段的主题句，根据空后的问题可知答案选B"探索害怕（的原因）"。
③根据本段内容尤其是主题句"Create
a
support
system"可知，空处是总结句，所以选F，与主题句相呼应。
④根据本段主题句以及空前的问句可知，空处是对其的回答，故应选D项，They指代上文的dreams，与上下文衔接自然。
⑤根据本段中的"start
taking
measures"和"putting
it
into
practice"可知，本段主要讲了要采取行动，故选A。
三、
答案：1-5.BBACC;
6-10.ACDBC;
11-15.BADDB
解析：1.Usov说,五年前的一个晚上他只是(simply)让Sasha在外面玩,结果却发现Sasha消失了。
2.根据空后内容可推知,此处应表示Usov曾预想过最糟糕的结果,即他可能已经失去Sasha了。
3.在扫描(scanning)了Sasha的微芯片后,圣菲动物收容所的工作人员发现Sasha的主人住在如此遥远的地方,他们对此感到震惊。
4.参见上题解析。
5.根据下文故事的发展可知,圣菲动物收容所的工作人员成功地与Usov取得了联系。manage
to
do
sth.表示"设法做成某事"。
6.根据第一段中的"Viktor
Usov
has
just
been
reunited
with
his
cat
Sasha"并结合语境可知,Usov确认那就是他丢失的猫。
7.根据上文中的"get
in
contact
with
Usov"可知,此处表示Usov接到来自动物收容所的电话。
8.根据语境并结合选项可知,Usov得知Sasha的消息时并没有感到非常惊讶,因为他知道这只猫喜欢冒险(adventure)。
9.根据第二段中的"Last
week,
however,
Sasha
was
taken
in
as
a
healthy
pet
in
Santa
Fe,
New
Mexico"以及第三段中的"back
earlier
this
week"可知,上周他的猫被发现在圣菲市,这周他的猫就回来和他团聚了,这中间只有几天的时间,故选B。
10.结合语境可知,此处表示Usov说他会在Sasha回来后更好地照顾它。
11.根据下文中的"We
were
honored...
a
spokesperson
for
American
Airlines
told
the
shelter"可知,Sasha是被空运回波特兰的。
12.美国航空公司的发言人说,他们的职责(duty)是在生命的旅程中照顾人们,并将他们与所爱的人联系起来。
13.美国航空公司的发言人说他们为能够帮Sasha回家而感到荣幸。be
in
a
position
to
do
sth.表示"能够做某事"。
14.收容所的Murad
Kirdar希望Sasha的故事能够极大地鼓励其他宠物主人为他们的宠物植入微芯片。encouragement意为"起激励作用的事物"。
15.根据下文中的"By
doing
so
their
hairy
friends
could
always
make
their
way
home"可知,微芯片是一种有效的辨别身份的方式。
四、
答案：①an
②Without
③warming
④have
begun
⑤animals
⑥obviously
⑦that/which
⑧fewer
⑨medical
⑩lies
解析：①考查冠词。此处解释雨林的概念。area是可数名词单数且其发音以元音音素开头，此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词an。
②考查介词。由下文中的would可知本句使用了虚拟语气，故此处需要填Without表示含蓄条件。没有森林的覆盖，这些区域就会反射更多的热量进入大气层，使世界的其他地方变暖。
③考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，"
3
the
rest
of
the
world"与主句存在因果关系，故填动词-ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
④考查主谓一致、时态和语态。根据"In
the
past
hundred
years"可知句子应用现在完成时，且主语是humans为复数形式，与begin之间为主动关系，故填have
begun。
⑤考查名词复数。animal为可数名词，其前没有冠词，故应用复数形式表示泛指。
⑥考查词形转换。空处修饰动词应用副词形式，故填obviously。
⑦考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代medicines并在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
⑧考查形容词的比较级。由空后的than可知，空处要填形容词的比较级形式。
⑨考查词形转换。空处修饰名词value，应填形容词形式。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。我们治愈疾病的最好机会就在世界上日益缩小的雨林的某处，这是极有可能的。根据语境可知，句子应用一般现在时；主语是chance，为第三人称单数形式，故填lies。
五、
1.答案：
Dear
Amy,
???
I'm
sorry
to
hear
that
you
are
upset
because
you
have
put
on
weight.
The
following
are
some
tips
on
how
to
keep
fit.
???
First
of
all,
you
need
to
have
a
healthy
and
balanced
diet.
Don't
eat
the
food
containing
too
much
sugar
and
fat,
which
will
make
you
put
on
weight
easily.
Besides,
it
is
important
to
take
regular
exercise
and
have
enough
sleep.
It
is
widely
believed
that
sports
like
riding
and
walking
can
help
you
keep
in
shape.
Enough
sleep
makes
your
body
relaxed.
Last
but
not
least,
there
is
no
need
to
worry
about
weight.
Nothing
is
as
important
as
health.
???
I
do
hope
my
tips
will
be
helpful
to
you.
Best
wishes!
Yours,
Li
Hua
2.答案：
Paragraph
1:
A
week
later,
Jenny
s
father
once
again
asked
Jenny
the
same
question
after
her
story,
"Do
you
love
me?"
Jenny
gave
a
definite
answer
to
this
question
without
hesitation.
But
when
the
conversation
came
to
whether
she
could
give
her
pearls
to
her
father,
she
refused
a
second
time.
Paragraph
2:
Another
week
later;
when
her
father
came
in
to
read
her
a
story
as
usual,
Jenny
was
sitting
on
her
bed
and
her
lip
was
trembling.
"Here,
Daddy,"
she
said,
and
held
out
her
hand.
Inside
of
her
hand
was
her
beloved
plastic
pearl
necklace.
She
let
it
slip
into
her
father's
hand.
At
this
time,
her
father
pulled
out
of
his
pocket
a
blue
velvet
box,
and
some
real,
genuine,
beautiful
pearls
were
just
inside.
He
had
had
them
all
along.
He
was
waiting
for
Jenny
to
give
up
the
cheap
stuff
so
he
could
give
her
the
real
thing.
Sometimes,
life
is
just
like
this:
Give
up
one
thing
and
get
another
chance
to
receive
a
better
thing.Unit
3
Food
and
Culture
Part
one
Vocabulary
1.
consist
vi.
consist
of
=be
made
of
=be
composed
of
consist
of
不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态，但可用consisting作非谓语动词；表示被动意义时常用made
up和composed。
consist
in
=
lie
in
在于
consist
with
与……一致
2.
stuff
vt.
填满；把……塞进n.
东西；物品
stuff
up
塞住
stuff
into
把……装（塞）入
stuff
with
用……装（塞，填）
3.
slice
n.
（切下的食物）薄片vt.
把……切成薄片
a
slice
of
bread
一片面包
slice…off
切下
slice
away
割去
slice
through
割穿，切断
4.
minimum
n.
最小值；最少量
be
at
a
minimum
处于最小限度
at
the
minimum
of
cost
以最低的成本
keep…
to
a
minimum
把……保持在最低限度
reduce/bring
…
to
a
minimum
把……减少到最小/低
maximum
adj.最大的，最多的
n.
最大限度，最大量（缩写max.）
5.
consume
vt.
吃；喝；饮；消耗
consume
large
amounts
of
fossil
fuels
消耗大量的矿物燃料
be
consumed
with
sth.
充满……
6.
temper
n.
脾气；火气
in
a
bad
temper
发怒，发脾气
keep/
lose
one's
temper
忍住/发脾气
out
of
temper
发火的，发怒的
fly
into
a
temper
勃然大怒
7.
together
with
A
+
together
with
+B
（前后成分对等）
together
with
连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与前面的名词或代词保持一致，类似的还有：as
well
as，along
with，with，besides，except等。
8.
association
n.
协会；关联
in
association
with
与……联合/相联系
associate
v.
联系
associate…
with…
把……和……联系起来
be
associated
with
与……有联系
9.
quantity
n.
数量；数额
a
large/small
quantity
of
大量/少量的
a
quantity
of…/quantities
of
…
大量的……
a
(quantity)
of
+
不可数名词+单数谓语
a
(quantity)
of
+
可数名词复数+复数谓语
(large)
quantities
of
+不可数名词/可数名词复数+复数谓语
10.
fundamental
n.
基本规律；根本法则
adj.
根本的；基础的；基本的
fundamental
skills/questions/ways/purposes
基本技巧/问题/方法/宗旨
be
fundamental
to
…
对……来说是基本的
11.
consistent
adj.
一致的；连续的
be
consistent
with
与……一致的/相符的
consistent
friend
始终如一的朋友
consistent
policy
一贯的政策
12.
trick
n.
诀窍；计谋；把戏
play
a
trick/tricks
on
sb.
开某人的玩笑，捉弄某人
trick
sb.
into
doing
sth.
诱使/骗得某人做某事
trick
sb.
out
of
sth.
骗取某人某物
tricky
adj.狡猾的，诡计多端的；棘手的，难对付的
Part
two
Grammar
过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态
一、过去完成时的主动语态
（1）构成：had+过去分词
（2）用法
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，
这一过去时间可用by,
before
等构成的短语及
when,
before,
after,
by
the
time
等引导的状语从句表示。
I
had
finished
my
homework
before
I
had
supper.
我在晚饭前把家庭作业做完了。
②表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for,
since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since
引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。
He
said
that
great
changes
had
taken
place
in
his
hometown
since
1990.
他说自从1990年以来他的家乡发生了很大的变化。
③表示原计划或打算做某事而没有做成。常用动词有want,
mean,
plan,
hope,
suppose,
expect,
intend等。
They
had
wanted
to
help
but
couldn't
get
there
in
time.
他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。
He
had
hoped
to
catch
the
8:
00
bus,
but
found
it
gone.
他原希望赶上8点的公共汽车，却发现那趟车已经走了。
（3）特殊句式
①It/This/That
was
the
first/second.
.
.time
that
sb.
had
done
sth.
这是／那是某人第一次／第二次······做某事。
This
was
the
second
time
that
the
musician
had
toured
Europe.
这是这位音乐家第二次在欧洲巡回演出。
②用于hardly/scarcely.
.
.when,
no
sooner.
.
.than
句式中。
The
audience
had
hardly
been
seated
when
the
saxophone
solo
started.
观众刚落座，萨克斯独奏就开始了。
I
had
no
sooner
finished
the
work
than
the
light
went
out.
我刚完成工作，灯就熄灭了。
这两个句子可以把hardly,
no
sooner
提到句首变成倒装句，时态不变。
Hardly
had
the
audience
been
seated
when
the
saxophone
solo
started.
No
sooner
had
I
finished
the
work
than
the
light
went
out.
注意：
在含有after
或before
引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After
he
left
the
room,
the
boss
came
in.
他离开房间后，老板进来了。
The
train
left
before
he
got
there.
他还没到那儿，火车就开走了。
（4）过去完成时、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别，试比较：
He
had
worked
as
a
lecturer
before
he
became
a
manager.
在成为一名经理之前，他做过讲师。
He
has
been
a
manager
for
years.
他当经理已经有几个年头了。
He
once
worked
as
a
lecturer,
but
now
he
is
a
manager.
他曾做过讲师，但现在他是一名经理。
二、过去完成时的被动语态
（1）构成：had
been+及物动词的过去分词
（2）用法
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by,
before
等引导的时间状语连用。
A
new
agreement
had
been
signed
by
the
time
we
got
there.
等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署了。
When
he
reached
the
nearby
shop.it
had
already
been
closed.
当他赶到附近的那家商店时，它已经关门了。
②表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for,
since
引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
It
was
reported
that
the
sale
had
been
advertised
for
several
weeks.
据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。
③用在宾语从句中，常放在said,
told,
thought,
wondered等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。
The
architect
told
us
that
the
project
had
been
completed.
那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。
④根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。
He
had
to
leave
his
house
because
it
had
been
flooded.
他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹没了。
Part
three
Sentence
1.
On
the
other
hand,
it
does
tell
us
a
lot
about
Americans.
另一方面，它确实向我们展示了很多美国人的特点。
对谓语动词的强调：do/does/did+动词原形
本句中
does
tell
属于“do/does/did+动词原形”结构，该结构用来强调谓语动词，其中的do/does/did在句中要重读。
注意：
“do/does/did+动词原形”结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。
拓展：
在祈使句中使用“do+动词原形”形式，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。
Do
come
on
time
next
time.
下次请务必准时来。
2.
The
food
was
wonderful
and
different,
but
what
was
even
more
important
was
the
friendship
offered
us.
食物美味可口，与众不同，但更重要的是他们给了我们友谊。
As
a
result,
their
traditional
foods
are
what
you
can
cook
over
an
open
fire-usually
boiled
or
roasted
meat,
such
as
lamb
kebab.
因此，他们的传统食物是你可以在明火上烹饪的——通常是煮熟的或烤熟的肉类，如羊肉串。
what
引导名词性从句
两个句子都是主从复合句。在第一句中what
引导主语从句且在从句中作主语；在第二句中
what引导的是表语从句，且在从句中作动词cook的宾语。
拓展：what还可引导宾语从句以及同位语从句，what在从句中还可作表语或宾语补足语。
I
trust
my
teacher,
so
I
believe
what
he
said.
我信任我的老师，所以我相信他说的话。
(what
引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语）
I
have
no
idea
what
happened
to
Jack.我不知道杰克发生了什么事。
(同位语从句，what在从句中作主语）
（1）what引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分；what在具体语境中表示一定的具体意义。
（2）that
引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义，只起连接作用，不能省略。
3.
For
example,
scientists
have
insisted
for
years
that
a
big
enemy
of
health
is
fatty
food.
例如，科学家多年来一直坚持认为，健康的一大敌人是高脂肪食物。
insist
+
that从句
insist作“坚持要求”讲，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should
可省略）。作“坚持认为”讲，从句用陈述语气，用所需的各种时态。
She
insisted
that
the
man
had
stolen
her
wallet
and
that
he
(should)
be
sent
to
the
police
station.
她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。
拓展：
suggest
表“建议”，
从句用虚拟语气；表“暗示，表明”，
从句用陈述语气。
4.
Besides
this,
it
is
also
important
to
have
some
meat,
beans,
or
dairy
products
in
your
diet,
as
they
provide
the
necessary
protein
for
strong
bones
and
muscle
growth.
此外，在你的饮食中添加一些肉类、豆类或乳制品也是很重要的，因为它们提供了强壮骨骼和肌肉生长所必需的蛋白质。
as
引导原因状语从句
as引导状语从句有如下用法：
·as引导原因状语从句。
It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time,
as
late
payments
may
affect
your
credit.
按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚缴可能会影响你的信用。
·as
引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词表示的动作的同时性。
As
our
car
approached
Mount
Huang,
it
slowed
down.
我们的车接近黄山时，速度慢了下来。
·as
引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”
(从句须倒装）。
Cold
as
it
is,
my
elder
brother
wears
only
a
shirt.
尽管天气冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。
·as
引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式”。
They
did
as
I
had
asked.
他们是按照我的要求做的。
·as引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样”。
John
came
as
early
as
Mary
did.
约翰和玛丽来得一样早。
