Unit
1
Science
and
Scientists
Part
one
Vocabulary
1.
severe
adj.
极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
severe
injuries
严重的伤势
suffer
from
severe
depression
患有严重的抑郁症
cause
severe
damage
造成严重的破坏
severely
adv.
很严重地；极为恶劣地
2.
frustrated
adj.
懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
be
frustrated
at/with
因/对……而灰心丧气
frustrate
vt.
挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心
frustrate
one's
plan
破坏某人的计划
3.
contradictory
adj.
相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
contradictory
information
矛盾信息
contradict
v.
反驳；与……相矛盾
contradiction
n.
抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法
in
direct
contradiction
to
与……恰恰相反
4.
subscribe
vi.
认购（股份）；
定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
subscribe
to
同意；赞同
subscriber
n.
感染；传染
subscription
n.
订阅（费）
a
subscriber
to…
……的订阅者
5.
proof
n.
证据；证明；检验
proof
of
…
……的证据/证明
There
is
proof
that…
有证据证明……
6.
suspect
vt.
&
vi.
怀疑；疑有；不信任
n.
犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
suspect
sb.
of
(doing)
sth.
怀疑某人（做）某事
7.
blame
vt.
把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n.
责备；指责
blame
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
因（做）某事而责备某人
blame
sth.
on
sb.
把某事归咎于某人
be
to
blame
应承担责任
be
to
blame
for
应承担……的责任；因……该受责备
8.
link
n.
联系；纽带
vt.
把……连接起来；相关联
link
A
to/
with
B
=link
A
and
B
(together)
把A和B连接/联系起来
be
linked
with/to
与……有联系/有关
link
up
(with)
（与……）结合，连接
9.
transform
vt.
使改观；使改变形态
vi.
改变；转变
transform…
(from
sth.)
into
sth.
把……（从……）变为……
transform…
with…
用……来改变……
transformation
n.
（彻底地）改变，改观
10.
cast
vt.
(cast,
cast)投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；
投掷
cast
down
使失望；使沮丧
cast/throw
a
shadow
over/on
投下一片阴影，给……蒙上阴影
cast
aside
扔，抛，废弃，废除
cast
away
扔掉，丢弃，抛弃
11.
pour
vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
pour…
out
毫无保留地表达感情
pour…
into…
把……倒入……中
pour…
away…
倒掉……
12.
defend
vt.
保卫；防守；辩解
defend…
against/from…
保卫……免受……
defend
oneself
为自己辩护/辩解
defend
one's
argument
为某人的论点辩护
defence
n.
防御，保护，保卫；防御物
in
defence
of
为保卫……；为……辩护
13.
assistant
n.
助理；助手
assistant
head
of
sales
营销部副主任
assist
vt.
帮助；援助；协助
assist
sb.
with
sth.
帮助某人某事
assist
sb.
to
do
sth.
帮助某人做某事
assist
sb.
in
doing
sth.
帮助某人做某事
14.
in
charge
of
主管；掌管
take
charge
of
负责，主管
charge
vt.
&
vi.
收费；控诉
n.
费用；主管
charge
sb.
for
sth.
为某物向某人收费
charge
sb.
with
sth.
指控某人某事
15.
gifted
adj.
有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
be
gifted
in/at
在……方面有天赋/才华
be
gifted
with…
具有……
gift
n.
天赋，天才，才能
have
a
gift/talent
for
有……天赋
16.
shift
n.
改变；转换；轮班
vi.
&
vt.
转移；挪动；转向
bring
about/produce
a
shift
产生变化
eight-hour
shift
八小时工作制
shift…
from…
to…
把……从……移动/搬到……
Part
two
Grammar
名词性从句——表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在连系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有
be,
look,
remain,
seem等。
1.连接词
类别
连接词
例句
从属连词
that不作句子成分，也没有意义，通常不可省略
My
suggestion
is
that
you
should
have
patience.
我的建议是你应该有耐心。
whether
不作句子成分，但有“是否”的意义，一般不用if代替
The
question
is
whether
we
can
cut
down
the
costs
of
the
product.
问题是我们能否降低产品成本。
because,
as
if/through等
He
has
to
watch
his
weight.That
is
because
he
has
heart
disease.他不得不注意自己的体重，那是因为他有心脏病。It
sounds
as
if
someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
连接代词
who,
whom,
whose,
what,
which,
whoever,
whatever,
whichever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
The
problem
is
who
can
complete
the
difficult
task.
问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。This
is
just
what
we
are
always
looking
forward
to.
这正是我们一直盼望着的。
连接副词
when,
where,
why,
how等。在从句中作状语
That
is
where
he
was
born
and
brought
up.
那就是他出生和被养大的地方。Their
difficulty
is
how
they
can
clear
their
debts.
他们的困难是怎样才能还清债务。
2.
需要注意的问题
①as
if/though
引导的表语从句的语气
as
if/though
引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,
seem,
appear,
sound,
feel
等后。
若表述真实的情况，就用陈述语气；若表述与客观事实相反的假设，则用虚拟语气。
It
seems
as
if
he
benefits
a
lot
from
the
project.
看起来好像他从这个项目中获益不少。
(陈述语气）
It
looks
as
if/though
he
were
drunk.
他看上去好像喝醉了。
(虚拟语气）
②表语从句的特殊句式
（The
reason
why.
.
.is
that.
.
.
……的原因是·····
(why引导定语从句，修饰
the
reason,
that引导表语从句）
This/That/It
is
because
.
.
.
这／那是因为······
(because引导表语从句，从句表原因）
This/That/It
is
why
.
.
.
这／那就是······的原因。
(why引导表语从句，从句表结果）
The
reason
why
he
didn't
come
is
that
he
didn't
receive
the
invitation.
他没来的原因是他没有收到请柬。
The
woman
was
weeping
bitterly.
That's
because
her
son
was
drowned
in
a
river.
那位女士痛哭流涕，那是因为她的儿子在河中溺亡了。
(先果后因）
The
woman's
son
was
drowned
in
a
river.
That's
why
she
was
weeping
bitterly.
那位女士的儿子在河中溺亡了，那是她痛哭流涕的原因。
(先因后果）
③
表语从句中的虚拟语气
主语是表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词，如
suggestion,
advice,
proposal,
order,
command,
request,
requirement,
demand
等时，表语从句应使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
My
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
set
off
early
tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。
His
order
was
that
all
boys
gather
quickly
around
the
car.
他的命令是所有男孩子要速在汽车周围集合。
Part
three
Sentence
1.
They
had
been
given
free
beer,
and
so
had
not
drunk
the
water
from
the
pump.
他们享有免费的啤酒，所以没有喝水泵里的水。
语法：过去完成时的主动和被动语态
过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，也可能是早已完成或结束，即“过去的过去”；
也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。
构成：（主动）had+动词的过去分词（被动）had
been+及物动词的过去分词
2.
Snow
suspected
that
the
water
pump
was
to
blame.
斯诺怀疑是水泵出了问题。
语法：不定式的主动形式表示被动的含义：
（1）n.
+be
+
adj.
+to
do
这个结构中常用表特征或性质的形容词，如difficult,
hard,
easy,
comfortable,
pleasant,
interesting,
exciting等。句子的主语与不定式是被动关系，形容词表示主语的特征或性质，用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
The
question
was
very
difficult
to
answer.
这个问题很难回答。
（2）n.
+
be
+
too
+
adj.
+
to
do
The
thing
is
too
small
to
see.
这个东西太小，看不见。
（3）n.
+
be
+
adj.
+
enough
to
do
The
box
is
light
enough
to
carry.
这个盒子轻得可带走。
3.
Accordingly,
she
had
the
handle
of
the
pump
removed
so
that
it
could
not
be
used.
因此，他让人把水泵的手柄拆掉，这样水泵就不能用了。
语法：have
sth.
done
结构中，过去分词作宾补。用过去分词作宾补表示被动或动作已经完成。have
sth.
done
可表四种不同的意义：
（1）(主语）请／派别人完成某事；
（2）
(主语）完成某事（可能参与）；
（3）
(主语）遭受某种不幸的情况；
（4）用于否定句中，表示“不允许……”“不让”。
拓展：have
sb.
do
sth.
=
get
sb.
to
do
sth.
使某人去做某事
have
sb.
doing
sth.
使某人做某事（动作延续）
4.
Since
he
came
down
with
a
disease
which
caused
him
to
lose
the
use
of
most
of
his
muscles,
his
world
became
one
of
abstract
thought.
因为得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病，他的世界变成了一个抽象的思想世界。
since引导原因状语从句
since
表示的原因是对方已知的，或是句中不是很重要的部分，是附带的原因，不能回答why的提问。
（1）
表示原因的连词或短语：
because
因为。语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问。
as因为。语气较弱。
for因为。并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明。
now
that
相当于since,
是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略
that.
（2）表原因的短语介词：due
to,
because
of,
on
account
of,
owing
to,
thanks
to,
as
a
result
of等。
5.
Once
the
maths
was
corrected,
it
showed
that
the
big
bang
theory—and
not
the
steady
state
theory—was
true.
一旦计算被修正，它表明大爆炸宇宙论——而不是稳恒态学说——才是正确的。
once引导时间状语从句
once用作连词时，意为“一旦……就……”，用于引导时间状语从句，相当于as
soon
as.
拓一词多义：
once
adv.
曾经；一次，一趟；一倍
once短语有：
once
or
twice一次或两次
all
at
once
同时
once
upon
a
time从前
once
more
再一次2020-2021学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册
期末复习单元知识检测
Unit
1
一、阅读理解
1.???
When
school
started
on
that
warm
August
day,
I
threw
myself
into
everything
I
did,
including
playing
volleyball.
I
decided
to
become
beautiful,
or
at
the
very
least,
thin.
I
stopped
eating
completely.
Soon
I
began
losing
weight,
which
thrilled
me,
and
I
even
grew
to
love
the
tiredness
and
lightheadedness
(头晕)
that
came
with
my
poor
diet,
for
those
feelings
meant
that
I
was
winning.
???
As
the
season
went
on,
things
became
tense
between
my
head
volleyball
coach,
Coach
Smith,
and
me.
She
felt
that
something
was
wrong
with
my
health.
She
talked
with
me
about
my
eating
and
was
angry
that
I
wouldn't
listen
to
her
when
she
tried
to
make
me
eat.
She
tried
to
persuade
me
in
a
determined
way
and
so
we
fought
constantly.
Then
my
hunger
started
to
affect
my
performance.
I
was
so
tired
that
practice
was
becoming
a
struggle.
One
afternoon,
with
hurt
in
her
eyes,
Coach
Smith
asked
me
what
I
had
eaten
and
I
told
her
nothing
yet.
She
looked
at
me,
disappointment
in
her
eyes,
knowing
she
couldn't
make
me
stop,
and
walked
away.
???
A
couple
of
weeks
later
I
attended
a
formal
dinner
for
our
volleyball
team.
I
stood
there
as
my
coach
said
something
nice
about
me.
I
realized
then
that
I
had
ruined
my
senior
year
by
being
disrespectful,
and
that
I
had
probably
ruined
hers
as
well.
So
that
evening
I
wrote
her
a
letter
apologizing
to
and
thanking
her.
???
Then
one
Saturday,
as
I
was
reading
in
the
library,
I
felt
someone
gently
take
my
arm
and
say
softly,
"Lynn
Jones,
how
are
you
doing?"
I
looked
up
and
saw
the
familiar
face.
"Thanks
for
the
letter,"
she
said.
"It
meant
a
lot."
When
I
think
of
a
coach,
I
think
of
someone
above
me,
someone
who
gives
instruction
--
not
a
friend.
But
Coach
Smith
is
different,
and,
like
any
other
good
friends,
she
dealt
with
my
problem
in
a
determined
way
even
when
I
hated
her
for
it
at
that
time.
I
didn't
deserve
her
kindness,
but
she
gave
it
anyway.
I
will
forever
be
grateful
for
her
help,
and
now
for
her
friendship.
1.How
did
the
author
feel
when
she
had
a
poor
diet
with
a
sense
of
tiredness?
A.Guilty.
B.
Proud.
C.
Funny.
D.
Nervous.
2.The
author
fought
with
Coach
Smith
because
____.
A.she
refused
to
go
on
a
diet
B.she
caused
failure
of
her
team
C.she
changed
the
training
course
D.she
stuck
to
losing
weight
3.Why
did
the
author
write
a
letter
to
Coach
Smith?
A.She
felt
sorry
for
eating
too
little
food.
B.She
decided
to
improve
her
performance.
C.She
was
grateful
for
Coach
Smith's
care
for
her
health.
D.She
wanted
to
build
a
close
relationship
with
Coach
Smith.
4.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.An
Unexpected
Friendship
B.A
Fight
with
My
Coach
C.A
Strict
Volleyball
Coach
D.My
Way
of
Losing
Weight
2.???
Barbara
McClintock
was
one
of
the
most
important
scientists
of
the
twentieth
century.
She
made
important
discoveries
about
genes
(基因)
and
chromosomes
(染色体).
???
Barbara
McClintock
was
born
in
1902
in
Hartford,
Connecticut.
Her
family
moved
to
the
Brooklyn
area
of
New
York
City
in
1908.
Barbara
was
an
active
child
with
interests
in
sports
and
music.
She
also
developed
an
interest
in
science.
???
She
studied
science
at
Cornell
University
in
Ithaca,
New
York.
Barbara
was
among
a
small
number
of
undergraduate
students
to
receive
training
in
genetics
in
1921.
Years
later,
she
noted
that
few
college
students
wanted
to
study
genetics.
???
Barbara
McClintock
decided
to
study
botany,
the
scientific
study
of
plants,
at
Cornell
University.
She
completed
her
undergraduate
studies
in
1923.
McClintock
decided
to
continue
her
education
at
Cornell.
She
completed
a
master's
degree
in
1925.
Two
years
later,
she
finished
all
her
requirements
for
a
doctorate.
???
McClintock
stayed
at
Cornell
after
she
completed
her
education.
She
taught
students
botany.
The
1930s
was
not
a
good
time
to
be
a
young
scientist
in
the
United
States.
The
country
was
in
the
middle
of
the
Great
Depression.
Millions
of
Americans
were
unemployed.
Male
scientists
were
offered
jobs.
But
female
geneticists
were
not
much
in
demand.
???
An
old
friend
from
Cornell,
Marcus
Rhoades,
invited
McClintock
to
spend
the
summer
of
1941
working
at
the
Cold
Spring
Harbor
Laboratory.
It
is
a
research
center
on
Long
Island,
near
New
York
City.
McClintock
started
a
temporary
(临时的)
job
in
the
genetics
department.
A
short
time
later,
she
accepted
a
permanent
position
in
the
laboratory.
This
gave
her
the
freedom
to
continue
her
research
without
having
to
teach
or
repeatedly
ask
for
economic
aid.
By
the
1970s,
her
discoveries
had
had
an
effect
on
everything
from
genetic
engineering
to
cancer
research.
McClintock
won
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Physiology
or
Medicine
in
1983
for
her
discovery
of
the
ability
of
genes
to
change
positions
on
chromosomes.
She
was
the
first
American
woman
to
win
an
unshared
Nobel
Prize.
1.When
did
McClintock
receive
her
doctorate?
A.
In
1921.
B.
In
1923.
C.
In
1925.
D.
In
1927.
2.What
happened
during
the
Great
Depression
in
the
US?
A.Young
female
scientists
might
have
trouble
finding
a
job.
B.Female
geneticists
were
not
wanted
at
all.
C.Male
geneticists
were
in
great
demand.
D.Male
scientists
were
out
of
work.
3.Why
was
McClintock
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize?
A.Because
of
her
research
on
botany.
B.Because
of
her
discoveries
about
genes
and
chromosomes.
C.Because
of
her
contribution
to
genetic
engineering.
D.Because
of
her
unshared
work
in
the
laboratory.
4.
Where
is
the
passage
likely
to
appear?
A.In
a
philosophy
textbook.
B.In
a
history
paper.
C.In
a
travel
brochure.
D.In
a
biography.
3.???
Loud
cheers
and
applause
broke
out
at
NASA's
Jet
Propulsion
Lab
on
Monday,
November
26,
2018,
as
the
unmanned
lander,
called
InSight,
touched
down
on
Mars,
after
nearly
seven
years
from
design
to
launch
to
landing.
???
The
great
arrival
of
the
spacecraft—designed
to
listen
for
quakes
and
shakes
as
a
way
to
discover
the
Red
Planet's
inner
secrets,
how
it
formed
billions
of
years
ago
and,
how
other
planets
like
Earth
took
shape—marked
the
eighth
successful
landing
on
Mars
in
NASA's
history.
???
Minutes
after
InSight
landed
on
the
surface
of
Mars,
the
first
image
was
sent
back,
showing
a
wide
flat
area
as
seen
through
a
dirty
camera.
???
The
touchdown
came
after
a
nearly
seven-month,
300
million-mile
travel
from
Earth
to
Mars,
during
which
the
InSight
spacecraft
had
to
slow
down
from
a
speed
of
more
than
12,000
mph.
The
spacecraft's
heat
shelter
helped
the
lander
survive
temperatures
as
high
as
2,700
℉.
???
Each
step
along
the
way
was
watched
nervously
at
JPL,
with
updates
delayed
by
the
eight-minute
light
travel
time
between
Earth
and
Mars.
Mission
controllers
hugged
each
other
with
joy
when
the
signals
were
received.
"We
are
proud
of
everything
that
has
gone
on
today,"
they
told
us
reporters.
???
The
first
picture
of
the
surface
of
Mars
was
sent
back
to
Earth
by
one
of
the
MarCO
nanosatellites
(马可纳米卫星)
that
accompanied
InSight
during
its
travel
to
Mars.
The
dust
from
the
landing
made
the
view
unclear.
Pictures
from
it
were
expected
to
be
clearer
once
the
dust
settled
and
the
lens
cover
(镜头盖)
was
removed.
Hours
later,
InSight's
batteries
were
charging
as
expected.
The
InSight
team
also
passed
on
another
picture,
taken
by
a
different
camera
that's
fixed
on
the
lander's
robotic
arm.
The
view
is
clearer,
showing
the
robotic
arm
and
the
seismometer,
which
is
used
to
discover
the
actual
movement
of
the
ground.
1.What
do
we
know
about
InSight
lander
from
the
passage?
A.It
has
landed
successfully
on
Mars
eight
times.
B.It
travelled
all
the
way
at
the
speed
of
12,000
mph.
C.Mission
controllers
helped
it
survive
high
temperatures.
D.The
task
of
it
is
to
find
out
the
inner
mysteries
of
Mars.
2.We
know
what
Mars
looks
like
by
_____.
A.collecting
images
sent
back
by
MarCO
nanosatellites
B.reading
reports
sent
back
by
the
person
on
Mars
C.studying
pictures
InSight
lander
sends
back
D.analyzing
information
the
robot
on
InSight
lander
sends
back
3.How
did
the
mission
controllers
feel
when
they
received
signals
from
InSight?
A.
Unconcerned.
B.
Worried.
C.
Amazed.
D.
Excited.
4.What
is
the
possible
source
of
the
passage?
A.
A
fiction
novel.
B.
A
news
report.
C.
A
travel
magazine.
D.
An
official
statement.
4.???
Walmart
will
soon
use
360
robot
cleaners
across
a
few
hundred
of
its
stores.
Using
maps
input
by
human
employees,
the
AI-powered
cleaners
will
travel
in
the
store
with
no
difficulty,
sweeping
the
floor—just
as
human
employees
used
to
do.
???
Perhaps
the
most
striking
thing
about
these
robot
workers
is
how
not-striking
they
are.
Sci-fi
movies
suggest
a
fixture
full
of
human-like
robots
who
appear
with
their
horrible
qualities.
Now
the
fixture
is
coming
into
view,
and
it
looks
like
a
giant
lie.
It's
easy
to
imagine
walking
past
an
Auto-C
on
a
shopping
trip
without
even
noticing
its
presence.
???
AI
has
already
started
to
become
a
part
of
our
everyday
life.
In
New
Jersey
this
week,
dozens
of
workers
were
hospitalised
after
a
robot
at
an
Amazon
fulfillment
centre
accidentally
broke
a
can
and
enveloped
workers
in
eye-and-lung-damaging
gas.
Days
earlier
in
California,
an
auto-piloted
Tesla
drove
a
drunk,
sleeping
driver
down
a
highway,
which
no
doubt
did
some
potential
risk
to
the
other
drivers
on
the
road.
Highway
patrol
officers
figured
out
on
the
spot
how
to
stop
the
AI
car.
???
Of
course,
industrial
accidents
and
drunk
drivers
existed
well
before
AI.
Tools
with
the
power
to
release
the
burden
of
physical
labor—horses,
steam
machines,
self-driving
cars—also
come
with
the
power
to
injure.
And
the
presence
of
AI-powered
machines
just
steps
away
from
us
is,
for
now,
still
a
rare
thing
for
most
people.
???
But
the
nature
of
robots'
coming
into
our
daily
lives
will
make
it
harder
to
recognise—or
object
to—the
bigger
changes
they
bring
later.
Walmart
insists
that
the
robot
cleaners
give
employees
more
time
for
customer
service
and
other
tasks.
Critics
point
out
that
they
could
just
as
easily
become
an
excuse
to
reduce
staff
and
wages.
1.What
is
the
difference
between
sci-fi
movies
and
the
reality?
A.Now
the
human-like
robots
are
hard
to
recognise.
B.Now
people
don't
go
to
see
the
sci-fi
movies.
C.Now
the
human-like
robots
can
tell
lies.
D.Now
it
is
easy
to
ignore
the
robots.
2.Why
were
some
workers
in
hospital
in
New
Jersey?
A.They
damaged
the
robot
first.
B.The
robot
caused
an
accident
on
purpose.
C.The
robot
made
a
mistake
by
chance.
D.The
robot
driving
them
on
the
highway
had
an
accident.
3.What
is
the
attitude
of
the
author
to
AI?
A.Supportive.
B.Objective.
C.Doubtful.
D.Indifferent.
4.What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A.Artificial
intelligence
is
bringing
great
effect
to
our
daily
lives.
B.Walmart
will
soon
use
360
robot
cleaners
across
its
stores.
C.We
should
say
no
to
artificial
intelligence.
D.Artificial
intelligence
is
dangerous
to
our
life.
二、七选五
??
Hope
is
the
most
powerful
motivating
force
that
helps
people
to
overcome
the
difficulties.
①
_____,
you
need
a
guiding
force
to
keep
you
moving
toward
your
goals.
Hope
keeps
you
on
your
feet
and
makes
you
much
stronger.
???
Hope
is
your
strength
and
inner
faith
in
the
battle
of
your
life.
②_____,
you
lose
everything.
You
do
hard
work
and
make
a
great
effort
to
succeed
in
life
but
fail.
That
makes
you
upset
and
depressed.
You
do
not
know
what
to
do.
At
that
time
hope
comes
to
your
rescue
and
gives
you
encouragement.?③_____
.
???
Hope
increases
the
productivity,
efficiency
and
creativity
in
people.
A
hopeful
person
is
a
positive
person
who
can
succeed
in
any
field
of
his
choice.
④_____
.
The
best
service
we
can
do
to
the
mankind
is
give
hope
to
the
hopeless.
????⑤_____
?
Yes,
hope
gives
meaning
to
life
as
without
hope
there
is
no
reason
to
live.
Give
hope
to
the
people
and
they
will
become
more
creative
and
more
productive.
Hope
is
vital
to
the
life
of
every
person.
Besides,
hope
is
necessary
not
only
for
life
but
also
for
living
a
healthy
life.
Hope
is
the
best
medicine
that
keeps
away
tension,
depression,
high
blood
pressure
and
other
health
problems.
I
had
two
big
heart
attacks
and
while
at
the
edge
of
death,
I
had
hope
that
I
would
survive.
And
the
hope
of
getting
well
kept
me
alive.
A.A
hopeless
person
is
a
failed
person
who
can
never
succeed
in
life
B.Have
you
ever
lost
hope
and
felt
sorry
for
yourself
C.Since
you're
full
of
hope
for
the
future
D.You
try
one
more
time
and
succeed
E.In
the
ups
and
downs
of
life
F.Is
hope
necessary
for
life
G.If
you
lose
hope
三、完形填空
?
When
life
hands
you
lemons
—
well,
don't
even
bother.
Sixth-grader
Jamaria
Crump
has
already
set
an
example.
It
took
her
one
year
to
perfect
her???
1??
?lemonade
recipe
(食谱)
along
with
some
desserts
that
made
her
business,
LemonTopia,
a???
2??
.?And
what
is
even
more
amazing
is
that,
with
some
help
from
her
??
3??
,
Jamaria
built
LemonTopia
herself.
???
"She
had???
4??
?for
a
lemonade
stand
for
a
year
before
I
let
her
do
it,"
said
her
mom,
Jasmine
Hall.
When
Jamaria's
previous
school
announced
a
bake
sale
(烤饼义卖),
it
was
the
perfect
??
5??
.
But
the
school
told
her
she
had
to
offer
baked
food???
6??
?lemonade.
So
Jamaria
added
cookies
and
cheesecake.
After
the
bake
sale,
she
kept???
7??
?at
school
and
community
events.
???
"It
continued
in
different
places???
8??
?she
served
a
party
at
the
city
hall,"
Jasmine
said.
"We
made
a
fortune
at
the
party."
And
with
that
money,
Jamaria???
9??
?her
mother
for
working
at
the
stand.
"She's
a
kid,
so
sometimes
she
wants
to???
10??
?such
as
going
to
the
concert."
Jasmine
said.?
"If
I
have
to???
11??
?for
her,
she
will
offer
me
money
hourly."
The
market
manager
said
Jamaria's"?
drinks
and
snacks
are
the
special,
cheerful
presence
in
the
market".???
12??
,
the
market
is
competitive
so
Jamaria
has
to???
13??
?ways
to
drum
up
business.
Fortunately,
she
has
shown
her???
14??
?as
she
developed
lemonade
with
new
flavors
(味道).
???
"I'm
very????
15??
?of
my
daughter
for
sticking
with
it,"
said
Jasmine.
1.A.
complex
B.
expensive
C.
unique
D.
familiar
2.A.
hit
B.
reality
C.
record
D.
test
3.A.
dad
B.
mom
C.
friends
D.
classmates
4.A.
applied
B.
looked
C.
acted
D.
begged
5.A.
challenge
B.
phenomenon
C.
opportunity
D.
achievement
6.A.
in
spite
of
B.
rather
than
C.
in
addition
to
D.
in
place
of
7.A.
selling
B.
wandering
C.
exhibiting
D.
advertising
8.A.
when
B.
until
C.
unless
D.
after
9.A.
praised
B.
pleased
C.
paid
D.
persuaded
10.A.
study
B.
succeed
C.
play
D.
work
11.A.
fill
in
B.
show
up
C.
turn
out
D.
come
along
12.A.
Therefore
B.
However
C.
Otherwise
D.
Besides
13.A.
appeal
for
B.
deal
with
C.
come
up
with
D.
take
over
14.A.
responsibility
B.
choice
C.
determination
D.
expectation
15.A.
fond
B.
ashamed
C.
tired
D.
proud
四、语法填空
??
C.
V.
Raman,
a
great
Indian
physicist,
was
born
in
1888.
His
father
was
a
lecturer
in
math
and
physics,
so
C.
V.
Raman
was
exposed?①
_____
scientific
things
from
an
early
age.
He?②_____?(attend)
Presidency
College
in
1902,
getting
his
BA
in
1904
and
MA
in
1907.
Though
he
was
a
brilliant
student,
there
weren't
many?③_____?(chance)
for
scientists
in
India
at
that
time.
④_____,
after
finishing
his
studies,
he
went
to
work
for
the
Indian
Finance
Department.
But
he
still
carried
out
his
experimental
research
on
acoustics
(声学).
???
He?⑤_____?(offer)
a
professorship
in
physics
at
the
University
of
Calcutta
in
1917
and
stayed
for
the
next
15
years,?⑥_____?(achieve)
fame
for
his
research
there.
In
1930,
he
won
the
Nobel
Prize
for
his
work
on
the
scattering
of
light.
Raman
found?⑦_____
light
passes
through
a
transparent
(透明的)
sample
of
a
substance?
,most
of
the
light
remains
unchanged
but
a
small
part
of
it
has?⑧_____?(differ)
wavelengths.
This
later
is?⑨_____?(know)
as
the
Raman
effect
and
is
useful
for
physical
and
chemical?
?⑩_____??(analyse)
of
gases,
liquids
and
solids,
including
biological
tissue.
五、写作
1.假如你是李华,请根据下列表格中的内容提示为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文,介绍你最崇拜的中国科学家。
姓名
?梁建英
出生年份
?1972年
主要经历
(1)
1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作;(2)参与研制时速300千米—350千米的高铁;(3)2019年被评为“最美科技工作者”。
?对你的影响及启发
……
注意:
???
1.词数80左右;
???
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:高铁high-speed
railway
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
???
On
a
cold
Friday
night,
a
poor
artist
stood
at
the
gate
of
the
subway
station,
playing
his
violin.
The
young
violinist
was
a
student
named
Joseph
at
an
art
college,
who
did
so
every
day
in
order
to
earn
his
tuition
fees.
He
planned
to
attend
advanced
studies
in
Vienna
and
had
booked
the
flight
for
the
next
morning.
Though
the
music
was
great,
people
were
quickly
going
home
for
the
weekend.
Joseph
was
playing
his
last
chapter
when
a
middle-aged
man
looking
pretty
excited
slowed
down
his
pace
and
put
50
dollars
into
the
hat,
for
which
Joseph
was
grateful.
???
The
next
night,
the
young
artist
came
to
the
gate
of
the
subway
station
as
usual,
and
put
his
hat
on
the
ground
gracefully.
Different
from
the
day
before,
he
took
out
a
large
piece
of
paper,
laid
it
on
the
ground
and
put
some
stones
on
it.
Then
he
began
playing
the
violin.
???
Before
long,
the
young
artist
was
surrounded
with
many
passers-by,
who
were
all
attracted
by
the
words
on
that
paper.
It
said,
"Last
night,
a
gentleman
put
an
unexpected
thing
into
my
hat
by
mistake.
Please
come
to
claim
it
as
soon
as
possible."
It
caused
great
excitement
and
curiosity.
They
were
dying
to
know
what
the
unexpected
thing
could
be.
Paragraph
1
:
Just
at
the
moment
the
middle-aged
man
rushed
through
the
crowd
to
the
violinist.?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2
:
The
man
thanked
Joseph
again
and
again
because
it
was
very
essential
to
him.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-4
BDCA
解析：1.根据第一段中的"Soon
I
began
losing
weight,
which
thrilled
me,
and
I
even
grew
to
love
the
tiredness
and
lightheadedness
(头晕)
that
came
with
my
poor
diet,
for
those
feelings
meant
that
I
was
winning"可知，当作者开始减肥，因为不吃饭而感到疲倦、头晕时，作者感到兴奋，为自己取得的减肥成就感到自豪。故选B。
2.根据第二段中的"She
talked
with
me
about
my
eating
and
was
angry
that
I
wouldn't
listen
to
her
when
she
tried
to
make
me
eat.
She
tried
to
persuade
me
in
a
determined
way
and
so
we
fought
constantly"可知，教练反对作者减肥，努力想要说服作者，但作者坚持节食减肥，两个人因此经常发生争执。故选D。
3.根据第二段的内容以及第三段中的"I
stood
there
as
my...
I
realized
then
that
I
had
ruined
my
senior
year
by
being
disrespeciful,
and
that
I
had
probably
ruined
hers
as
well.
So
that
evening
I
wrote
her
a
letter
apologizing
to
and
thanking
her"可知，尽管作者曾经不听劝，但教练在别人面前还是说她的好，作者听到这些后意识到了自己对教练的无礼，所以给教练写信道歉并感谢教练曾经对她的健康状况的关心。故选C。
4.由最后一段中的"But
Coach
Smith
is
different,
and,
like
any
other
good
friends,
she
dealt
with
my
problem
in
a
determined
way
even
when
I
hated
her
for
it
at
that
time"和文章最后一句话可知，教练就像其他的好朋友一样，一直以坚定的方式处理作者的问题，作者感恩教练曾提供的帮助及两个人之间的友谊。故选A。
2.答案：1-4
DABD
解析：1.由第四段中的"She
completed
a
master's
degree
in
1925.
Two
years
later,
she
finished
all
her
requirements
for
a
doctorate"可计算出，McClintock获得博士学位的时间是：1925+2=
1927，故选D。
2.由倒数第三段中的"The
country
was
in
the
middle
of
the
Great
Depression.
Millions
of
Americans
were
unemployed.
Male
scientists
were
offered
jobs.
But
female
geneticists
were
not
much
in
demand"可推断出，在美国经济大萧条时期，年轻的女科学家可能很难找到工作，故选A。
3.由最后一段中的"McClintock
won
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Physiology
or
Medicine
in
1983
for
her
discovery
of
the
ability
of
genes
to
change
positions
on
chromosomes"可知，McClintock因为在基因和染色体上的发现而获得诺贝尔奖，故选B。
4.通过阅读全文可知，这篇文章主要介绍了20世纪最重要的科学家之一Barbara
McClintock
的生平以及成就，所以这篇文章可能出现在传记中，故选D。
3.答案：1-4
DADB
解析：1.细节理解题。由第二段第一句话中的as
a
way
to
discover
the
Red
Planet's
inner
secrets可知"洞察号"的目的是要探索这个红色星球（火星）的内部秘密，故选D。
2.细节理解题。由第六段第一句话"The
first
picture
of
the
surface
of
Mars
was
sent
back
to
Earth
by
one
of
the
MarCO
nanosatellites
that
accompanied
InSight
during
its
travel
to
Mars."可知发回地球的图片是由MarCO
nanosatellites采集发回的。
3.细节理解题。由第五段第二句话"Mission
controllers
hugged
each
other
with
joy
when
the
signals
were
received."可知他们收到信号时高兴地彼此拥抱，故选D。
4.推理判断题。A项意为"科幻小说"；B项意为"新闻报道"；C项意为"旅游杂志"；D项意为"官方声明"。由文章第五段中的they
told
us
reporters可知这样一篇文章应该是一篇新闻报道。
4.答案：1-4.DCBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Sci-fi
movies
suggest
a
future
full
of...
without
even
noticing
its
presence."可知,科幻电影暗示了未来充满了类人机器人,它们有着可怕的特点。而在现实生活中,这就像一个巨大的谎言。人们在购物的过程中走过一台Auto-C地板清洁器时,往往注意不到它的存在。由此可知,在现实中,人们经常忽视机器人的存在。而在科幻电影中,机器人是一种可怕的存在。结合选项可知,D(现在很容易忽视机器人)切合题意。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"In
New
Jersey
this
week,
dozens
of
workers
were
hospitalised
after
a
robot
atan
Amazon
fulfillment
centre
accidentally
broke
a
can
and
enveloped
workers
in
eye-and-lung-damaging
gas."可知,亚马逊配送中心的一个机器人不小心打破了一个罐子,把工人们困在了对眼睛和肺有害的气体中,导致数十名工人住院治疗。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"Tools
with
the
power
to
release
the
burden
of
physical
labor—horses,
steam
machines,
self-driving
cars—also
come
with
the
power
to
injure."
可知,人工智能既可以减轻人们的体力劳动负担,同时有可能产生危害。因此作者对AI的态度是“客观的”。同时针对沃尔玛使用机器人清洁工这件事,最后一段提到,沃尔玛坚持认为,机器人清洁工给员工更多的时间来进行客户服务和其他任务。持批评态度的人指出,这很容易成为裁员降薪的借口。而作者对此没有发表看法,其态度也是“客观的”。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。第一段提出沃尔玛很快将在其数百家门店中使用360个机器人清洁工,再结合剩余每段首句可知,文章主要论述了“人工智能正在悄无声息地进入我们的生活,对我们的生活产生巨大影响”这个话题。故选A(人工智能给我们的日常生活正带来巨大的影响)。
二、
答案：①-⑤
EGDAF
解析：①本空后面是逗号，应该选择非完整句选项。E项In
the
ups
and
downs
of
life是介词短语，意为"在人生的起伏波折中"，与空后的you
need
a
guiding
force
to
keep
you
moving
toward
your
goals逻辑关系匹配，故E项正确。
②本空后面是逗号，应该选择非完整句选项。G项If
you
lose
hope（如果你失去希望），与空后的you
lose
everything逻辑关系匹配，故G项正确。
③空前句At
that
time
hope
comes
to
your
rescue
and
gives
you
encouragement.意为"在那时希望会向你伸出援手，给你鼓励。"，与D项You
try
one
more
time
and
succeed语意顺承，故D项正确。
④空后句指出我们能做的最好的服务就是给没有希望的人希望，由此可以判断之前分别讲了有希望和没希望的人。空前句指出有希望的人保持积极性和热情，他们能在他们所选择的任何领域成功。所以，与之对比，空处句子指出没有希望的人是失败者，他们从不会在生活中获得成功。故A项正确。
⑤本空后是问号，所以应该选择疑问句选项，F项Is
hope
necessary
for
life与空后句Yes,
hope
gives
meaning
to
life
as
without
hope
there
is
no
reason
to
live.逻辑吻合，故F项正确。
三、
答案：1-5
CABDC
6-10
CABCC
11-15
ABCAD
解析：1.根据下文中的"drinks
and
snacks
are
the
special,
cheerful
presence
in
the
market"可知，Jamaria的产品比较独特，故此处表示她花了一年的时间来完善自己独特的配方。
2.根据下文可知，Jamaria的生意取得了成功，其产品很受欢迎。hit在此处作名词，意为"很受欢迎的事物"。
3.根据下文中的"Jamaria
9
her
mother
for
working
at
the
stand"可知，Jamaria在母亲的帮助下创办了LemonTopia。
4.根据上下文可知，此处表示Jamaria的母亲过了一年才同意她摆摊卖柠檬汽水的请求。beg
for
的意思是"请求"。
5.根据语境可知，这次义卖活动对于Jamaria来说是一次绝佳的机会（opportunity）。
6.根据下文中的"So
Jamaria
added
cookies
and
cheesecake"可知，校方要求她除了卖柠檬汽水之外还必须卖烘焙食物。in
addition
to的意思是"除……之外还"。
7.根据语境可知，在烤饼义卖活动后，她继续在学校和社区活动中售卖自己的柠檬汽水和甜点。
8.根据语境可知，此处表示她一直在不同的地方售卖产品，直到她给在市政厅举办的一个聚会供应食品。
9.根据下文中的"she
will
offer
me
money
hourly"可知，Jamaria会支付母亲经营摊位的工资。
10.
Jamaria毕竟是个孩子，有时她想去玩，所以她的母亲就不得不临时替她经营摊位。
11.参见上题解析。fill
in"暂时代替，临时补缺"；show
up"出现"；turn
out"出席（某项活动），在场"；come
along"到达，跟随"。
12.根据语境可知，此处表示转折关系，故选B。
13.市场竞争激烈，所以Jamaria必须得想出（come
up
with）办法去兜揽生意。drum
up表示"竭力争取（支持）；兜揽（生意）"。appeal
for"恳求，呼吁"；deal
with"处理"；take
over"接管，接收"。
14.根据下文中的"she
developed
lemonade
with
new
flavors（味道）"和"sticking
with
it"可知，Jamaria研发柠檬汽水的新口味去应对激烈的市场竞争，坚持经营这份事业，这体现出了她对这份事业的责任心。故选A。
15.结合语境以
及空后的"for
sticking
with
it"可知，Jamaria的母亲为她的坚持感到非常骄傲（proud）。
四、
答案：①to
②attended
③chances
④Therefore
⑤was
offered
⑥achieving
⑦when
⑧different
⑨known
⑩analysis/analyses
解析：①考查固定搭配。expose
sb.
to
sth.意为"使某人接触某物，使某人体验某物"，此处是其被动形式，故填to。
②考查时态。由句中的时间状语可知应用一般过去时。
③考查名词复数。根据空前的many可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。
④考查副词。根据语境可知，上下文之间是因果关系，故填Therefore。
⑤考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示"他被提供"，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。
⑥考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，He与achieve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处要用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
⑦考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，故填when。
⑧考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处要用形容词修饰名词wavelengths。
⑨考查非谓语动词。be
known
as"作为……而出名"，为固定用法，故填known。
⑩考查词形转换。根据空前的形容词和空后的of可知，此处要用名词形式。
五、
1.答案：???
Liang
Jianying,
a
technical
expert
of
the
Chinese
high-speed
railway,?was
born
in
1972.
???
Since
she
graduated
from
university
in
1995,
she
has
been
devoting
all
her
time
to
researching
the
development
of
the
Chinese
high-speed
railway.
She
took
part
in
developing
the
train
at
a
speed
of
300—350
kph,
making
it
more
convenient
for
us
to
get
around
quickly.
It
is
because
of
her
outstanding
contribution
that
China
is
playing
a
leading
role
in
high-speed
railways
all
over
the
world.
As
a
consequence,
she
was
awarded
the
title
of
"the
Most
Beautiful
Sci-Tech
Personnel"
of
2019
for
her
hard
work
and
innovation.
???
Liang
Jianying
has
set
a
good
example
to
us.
From
her,
I
realize
that
we
should
keep
on
trying
until
we
realize
our
dreams.
2.Paragraph
1:
???
Just
at
the
moment
the
middle-aged
man
rushed
through
the
crowd
to
the
violinist.
After
glancing
quickly
at
the
paper
on
the
floor,
his
face
was
aglow
with
excitement
and
disbelief.
He
took
a
deep
breath
and
then
stammered,
"Is...
is
it
a...
a
lottery
ticket?
My
five-million-dollar
lottery
ticket?"
Joseph
stared
at
him
with
a
smile,
nodding.
Yes,
Joseph
recognized
him.
It
was
this
middle-aged
man
who
appeared
extremely
excited
and
generously
put
50
dollars
into
his
hat,
just
to
which
a
lottery
ticket
was
attached.
Paragraph
2:
???
The
man
thanked
Joseph
again
and
again
because
it
was
very
essential
to
him.
His
company
was
facing
bankruptcy,
as
a
consequence
of
which
he
even
couldn't
pay
his
employees.
Yesterday
good
luck
seemed
to
have
dropped
from
the
heaven
that
he
unexpectedly
won
the
lottery!
Having
heard
this,
Joseph
felt
it
was
more
worthwhile
to
change
the
flight
and
return
the
lottery
ticket
to
the
man
who
showed
mercy
to
him—love
comes
from
love.
版权所有?正确教育
侵权必纠！
