2020-2021学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册
期末复习单元知识检测
Unit
4
一、阅读理解
1.???
Body
language
is
the
quiet,
secret
and
most
powerful
language
of
all!
It
is
said
that
our
body
movements
communicate
about
50
percent
of
what
we
really
mean
while
words
only
express
7
percent.
So,
while
your
mouth
is
closed,
your
body
is
just
saying.
???
Arms.
How
you
hold
your
arms
shows
how
open
and
receptive
you
are
to
people
you
meet.
If
you
keep
your
arms
to
the
sides
of
your
body
or
behind
your
back,
this
suggests
you
are
not
afraid
of
anything.
Outgoing
people
generally
use
their
arms
with
big
movements,
while
quieter
people
keep
them
close
to
their
bodies.
If
someone
upsets
you,
just
cross
your
arms
to
show
you're
unhappy.
???
Head.
When
you
want
to
appear
confident,
keep
your
head
level.
If
you
are
a
monitor,
you
can
also
take
on
this
position
when
you
want
your
words
to
be
taken
seriously.
However,
to
be
friendly
in
listening
or
speaking,
you
must
move
your
head
a
little.
???
Legs.
Your
legs
tend
to
move
around
a
lot
more
than
normal
when
you
are
nervous
or
telling
lies.
If
you
are
at
interviews,
try
to
keep
them
still.
???
Posture
(姿势).
A
good
posture
makes
you
feel
better
about
yourself.
If
you
are
feeling
down
you
normally
don't
sit
straight,
with
your
shoulders
inwards.
This
makes
breathing
more
difficult,
which
can
make
you
feel
nervous
or
uncomfortable.
???
Mouth.
When
you
are
thinking,
you
often
purse
your
lips.
You
might
also
use
this
position
to
hold
back
an
angry
comment
you
don't
wish
to
make.
However,
it
will
probably
still
be
noticed,
and
people
will
know
you're
not
pleased.
???
Face.
When
you
lie,
you
might
put
on
a
false
face.
But
that
expression
would
crack
quickly,
allowing
displays
of
true
emotions
such
as
happiness,
sadness,
disgust
(厌恶)
and
fear.
1.When
someone
is
keeping
his
arms
behind
his
back,
he
tries
to
tell
you
that
___.
A.he
is
not
afraid
B.he
is
outgoing
C.he
is
angry
D.he
is
cool
2.If
you
want
to
appear
confident,
you
should
___.
A.move
your
arms
a
lot
B.cross
your
arms
C.move
your
head
a
little
D.keep
your
head
level
3.Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.Body
language,
the
most
commonly
used
language
B.Body
movements
give
away
secrets
of
mind
C.Arms
tell
more
than
legs
D.Facial
expressions
tell
the
truth
2.???
Traditionally,
robots
have
been
hard,
made
of
metal
and
other
rigid
material.
But
a
team
of
scientists
at
Harvard
University
in
the
US
has
managed
to
build
an
entirely
soft
robot—
one
that
draws
inspiration
from
an
octopus
(章鱼).
???
Described
in
science
journal
Nature,
the
"Octobot"
could
pave
the
way
for
more
effective
autonomous
robots
that
could
be
used
in
search,
rescue
and
exploration.
"The
Octobot
is
minimal
system
which
may
serve
as
a
foundation
for
a
new
generation
of
completely
soft,
autonomous
robots,"
the
study's
authors
wrote.
???
Robots
built
for
precise,
repetitive
movements
in
a
controlled
environment
don't
do
so
well
on
rough
terrains
(地形)
or
in
unpredictable
conditions.
And
they
aren't
especially
safe
around
humans,
because
they're
made
out
of
hard
and
heavy
parts
that
could
be
potentially
dangerous
to
their
users.
???
So
researchers
have
been
working
on
building
soft
robots
for
decades.
They've
taken
inspiration
from
nature,
looking
to
animals
from
jellyfish
to
cockroaches,
which
are
often
made
up
of
more
flexible
matter.
???
But
creating
a
completely
soft
robot
remains
a
challenge.
Even
if
engineers
build
a
silicone
(硅酮)
body,
it's
still
a
grand
challenge
to
construct
flexible
versions
of
essential
parts,
such
as
a
source
of
power.
???
"Although
soft
robotics
is
still
in
its
early
stage,
it
holds
great
promise
for
several
applications,
such
as
search-rescue
operations
and
exploration,"
Barbara
Mazzolai
and
Virgilio
Mattoli
of
the
Italian
Institute
of
Technology's
Center
for
Micro-Bio
Robotics,
wrote
in
a
comment.
"Soft
robots
might
also
open
up
new
approaches
to
improving
wellness
and
the
quality
of
life."
(1).What's
the
special
feature
of
"Octobot"?
A.It's
soft.
B.It's
made
of
metal.
C.It's
very
small.
D.It
looks
like
an
octopus.
(2).What's
the
disadvantage
of
traditional
robots?
A.They're
hard
to
control.
B.They're
too
heavy
to
move.
C.They
can't
predict
conditions.
D.They
can't
behave
well
all
the
time.
(3).One
of
the
biggest
challenges
is
to
build
Octobot's
________.
A.silicone
body
B.complex
components
C.precise
movements
D.flexible
power
source
(4).What's
the
possible
application
of
"Octobot"
?
A.Medical
research.
B.Life
rescue.、
C.Machine
operation.
D.House
cleaning.
3.???
We've
all
had
the
experience
of
wanting
to
get
a
project
done
but
putting
it
off
to
a
later
date.
So
why
do
we
delay
things?
Are
we
built
to
operate
this
way
at
some
times?
???
These
questions
are
central
to
my
research
on
goal
pursuit
(追求).
It
all
starts
with
a
simple
choice
between
working
now
on
a
given
project
and
doing
anything
else.
The
decision
to
work
on
something
is
driven
by
how
much
we
value
accomplishing
the
project
in
that
moment
—
what
psychologists
call
its
subjective
value.
And
delay,
in
psychological
terms,
is
what
happens
when
the
value
of
doing
something
else
outweighs
the
value
of
working
now.
???
This
way
of
thinking
suggests
a
simple
trick
to
defeat
delay.
For
example,
instead
of
cleaning
my
house,
I
might
try
to
focus
on
why
grading
papers
is
personally
important
to
me.
It's
simple
advice,
but
sticking
to
this
strategy
(策略)
can
be
quite
difficult.
???
People
are
not
entirely
wise
in
the
way
they
value
things.
For
example,
a
dollar
bill
is
worth
exactly
the
same
today
as
it
is
a
week
from
now,
but
its
subjective
value
—
roughly
how
good
it
would
feel
to
own
a
dollar
—
depends
on
other
factors
besides
its
face
value,
such
as
when
we
receive
it.
The
tendency
for
people
to
devalue
money
and
other
goods
based
on
time
is
called
delay
discounting.
For
example,
receiving
$100
three
months
from
now
is
worth
the
same
to
people
as
receiving
$83
right
now.
People
would
rather
lose
$17
than
wait
a
few
months
to
get
a
larger
reward.
???
Getting
something
done
is
a
delayed
reward,
so
its
value
in
the
present
is
reduced:
the
further
away
the
deadline
is,
the
less
attractive
it
seems
to
work
on
the
project
right
now.
The
tendency
to
delay
things
closely
follows
economic
models
of
delay
discounting.
One
way
to
manage
it
is
to
make
the
finish
line
seem
closer.
For
example,
vividly
imagining
a
future
reward
reduces
delay
discounting.
(1).Which
of
the
following
best
explains
"outweighs"
in
Paragraph
2?
A.Is
equal
to.
B.Is
greater
than.
C.Is
involved
in.
D.Is
central
to.
(2).What
should
we
do
to
overcome
delay
in
the
author's
opinion?
A.Avoid
setting
a
deadline
too
strictly.
B.Consider
doing
nothing
temporarily.
C.Increase
the
subjective
value
of
working
now.
D.Realize
great
fun
of
working
immediately.
(3).Which
proverb
can
best
summarize
the
theory
of
delay
discounting?
A.Time
and
tide
wait
for
no
man.
B.A
bird
in
the
hand
is
worth
two
in
the
bush.
C.One
of
these
days
is
none
of
these
days.
D.Don't
count
your
chickens
before
they
are
hatched.
(4).What
is
suggested
to
deal
with
delay
discounting?
A.Asking
for
nothing
in
return.
B.Lowering
our
high
expectations.
C.Searching
for
instant
satisfaction.
D.Making
future
rewards
more
inviting.
4.???
The
British
are
known
for
their
sense
of
humour.
However,
it
is
often
difficult
for
foreigners
to
understand
their
jokes.
The
main
point
to
remember
is
that
the
British
often
use
understatement.
???
Understatement
means
saying
less
than
you
think
or
feel.
For
example,
if
someone
gets
very
wet
in
a
shower
of
rain,
he
might
say.
"It's
a
little
damp
(潮湿的)
outside."
Or,
if
someone
is
very
impolite
and
shouts
at
another
person,
someone
else
might
say,
"She
isn't
exactly
friendly."
Understatement
is
often
used
in
unpleasant
situation
or
to
make
another
person
look
silly.
Understatement
plays
an
important
part
in
British
humour.
???
Another
key
to
understanding
British
humour
is
that
the
British
like
to
make
fun
of
themselves
as
well
as
others.
They
often
laugh
about
the
silly
and
unpleasant
things
that
happen
to
our
everyday
life
when
someone
accidentally
falls
over
in
the
street.
They
also
like
to
make
jokes
about
people
from
different
classes
of
society.
They
like
to
make
jokes
about
their
accents,
the
way
they
dress
and
the
way
they
behave.
What's
more,
the
British
love
to
watch
comedies
about
people
who
do
not
know
how
to
behave
in
society.
The
comedy
series
Mr
Bean
is
a
good
example
of
this
kind
of
humour.
Mr
Bean
is
the
character
created
by
British
actor
Rowan
Atkinson
in
1990.
???
Mr
Bean
doesn't
talk
often,
and
instead
he
uses
his
body
movements
and
facial
expressions
to
make
people
laugh.
Perhaps
what
makes
Mr
Bean
so
funny
is
that
he
does
things
that
adults
in
the
real
world
cannot
do.
Mr
Bean
is
popular
in
many
countries
around
the
world
because
you
do
not
have
to
speak
English
to
understand
the
humour.
Because
of
this,
many
people
have
become
familiar
with
the
British
sense
of
humour.
1.Why
is
it
difficult
for
foreigners
to
understand
British
jokes?
A.The
British
often
enlarge
the
fad.
B.British
jokes
are
connected
with
many
different
cultures.
C.The
British
try
to
make
out
that
something
is
less
important
than
it
is.
D.British
jokes
are
not
as
funny
as
jokes
in
other
countries.
2.How
does
the
author
explain
understatement?
A.By
using
examples.
B.By
making
comparisons.
C.By
following
time
order.
D.By
describing
a
process.
3.How
does
Mr
Bean
make
people
laugh?
A.By
telling
funny
stories.
B.By
making
jokes
about
others'
accents.
C.By
copying
how
others
behave.
D.By
using
his
body
movements
and
facial
expressions.
4.What
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.British
Humour
in
Comedy
B.Humour
in
Different
Cultures
C.Developing
Your
Sense
of
Humour
D.Understanding
British
Humour
二、七选五
???
Body
language
provides
a
lot
of
information
on
what
other
people
are
thinking.
Research
has
shown
that
55%
of
communication
comes
from
body
language.?①_______________
Next
time
you're
in
a
meeting,
watch
for
these
cues
(暗示):
???
Real
smiles
crinkle
(使起皱纹)
the
eyes.
When
it
comes
to
smiling,
the
mouth
can
lie
but
the
eyes
can't.
Real
smiles
reach
the
eyes,
crinkling
the
skin
to
create
crow's
feet
around
them.
People
often
smile
to
hide
what
they're
really
thinking
and
feeling,
so
next
time
you
want
to
know
if
someone's
smile
is
real,
look
for
crinkles
at
the
comers
of
their
eyes.
②_______________
????③_______________
Have
you
ever
been
in
a
meeting
with
someone
and
noticed
that
every
time
you
cross
or
uncross
your
legs,
they
do
the
same?
Or
perhaps
they
lean
their
heads
the
same
way
as
yours
when
you're
talking?
That's
actually
a
good
sign.
It
means
that
the
conversation
is
going
well
and
that
the
other
party
accepts
your
message.
???
Eyes
that
lie.
Most
of
us
believe
that
it's
difficult
to
hold
someone's
gaze(凝视)
when
they're
lying.
But
that's
such
common
knowledge
that
people
will
often
try
to
hold
eye
contact,
hoping
to
cover
up
the
fact
that
they're
lying.?④_______________
If
you're
talking
with
someone
whose
gaze
is
making
you
uncomfortable,
something
is
up
and
they
might
be
lying
to
you.
???
Even
if
you
can't
read
a
person's
exact
thoughts,
you
can
learn
a
lot
from
their
body
language.
⑤_______________
A.?Copying
your
body
language
is
a
good
thing.
B.?If
they
aren't
there,
that
smile
is
hiding
something.
C.?Good
signs
lead
to
good
conversations
in
a
meeting.
D.?You'll
have
to
find
out
how
long
they
have
looked
at
you.
E.?Learning
how
to
understand
that
55%
can
give
you
a
lot
of
help.
F.?That's
especially
true
when
words
and
body
language
don't
match.
G.?The
problem
is
that
most
of
them
will
hold
eye
contact
until
it
feels
uncomfortable.
三、完形填空
I
lost
my
sight
when
I
was
four
years
old
by
falling
off
a
box
car
in
a
freight
(货物)
yard
in
Atlantic
City
and
landing
on
my
head.
Now
I
am
thirty-two.
I
can
still
remember
the
brightness
of
sunshine.
It
would
be???
1??
?to
see
again,
but
a???
2??
?can
do
strange
things
to
people.
I
don't
mean
that
I
would
prefer
to
go
without
my
eyes.
I
simply
mean
that
the???
3??
?of
them
made
me
appreciate
more
what
I
had.
Life,
I
believe,
asks
a
continuous
series
of
adjustments
to
reality.
The
more
quickly
a
person
is
able
to
make
these
adjustments,
the
more???
4??
?his
own
private
world
becomes.
The
adjustment
is
never
easy.
I
was
totally
confused
and
afraid.
But
I
was
lucky.
My
parents
and
my
teachers
saw
something
in
me—the???
5??
?to
live—which
I
didn't
see,
and
they
made
me
want
to???
6??
?against
blindness.
The
hardest
lesson
I
had
to
learn
was
to
believe
in
myself.
I
am
not
talking
about
simply
the
kind
of???
7??
?that
helps
me
down
an
unfamiliar
staircase
alone.
That
is
part
of
it.
But
I
mean
something
bigger
than
that
:
an
assurance
(确信)
that
I
am,
despite
being
imperfect,
a
real,???
8??
?person;
that
there
is
a
special
place
where
I
can
make
myself
fit.
It
took
me
years
to
discover
and???
9??
?this
confidence.
It
had
to
start
with
the
simplest
things.
Once
a
man
gave
me
an
indoor
baseball.
I
thought
he
was
making
fun
of
me
and
I
was
hurt.
"I
can't
use
this."
I
said.
"Take
it
with
you,"
he
urged
me,
"and
roll
it
around."
?The
words???
10??
?in
my
head.
"Roll
it
around!"
By
rolling
the
ball
I
could
hear
where
it
went.
This
gave
me
an
idea
how
to
achieve
a
goal
I
had
thought???
11??
?:
playing
baseball.
At
Philadelphia's
Overbrook
School
for
the
Blind?I???
12??
?a
successful
variation
of
baseball
and
I
called
it
ground
ball.
All
my
life
I
have
set
ahead
of
me
a
series
of
goals
and
then
tried
to
reach
them,
one
at
a
time.
I
had
to
be
clear
about
my???
13????.
It
was
no
good
trying
for
something
that
I
knew
at
the
start
was
wildly
out
of
reach???
14??
?that
only
invited
the
bitterness
of
failure.
I
would????
15??
?sometimes
anyway
but
on
the
average
I
made
progress.
1.A.
possible
B.
wonderful
C.
hopeful
D.
reasonable
2.A.
question
B.
mistake
C.
disaster
D.
situation
3.A.
importance
B.
value
C.
loss
D.
attention
4.A.
natural
B.
modern
C.
meaningful
D.
challenging
5.A.
right
B.plan
C.
place
D.
potential
6.A.
guard
B.hit
C.
argue
D.fight
7.A.
self-control
B.
self-confidence
C.
self-defense
D.
self-improvement
8.A.
modest
B.
energetic
C.
generous
D.
positive
9.A.
strengthen
B.
express
C.
share
D.
destroy
10.A.
held
B.
stuck
C.
bothered
D.
knocked
11.A.
important
B.
specific
C.
common
D.
impossible
12.A.
invented
B.
confirmed
C.
checked
D.
noticed
13.A.
interest
B.
limitation
C.
experience
D.
responsibility
14.A.once
B.
unless
C.
because
D.
though
15.A.fail
B.
try
C.
act
D.
continue
四、语法填空
??
Your
body
language
will
give
out
a
lot
more
information.?①
___
(base)
on
your
body
language
it
can
be
seen
whether
you
are
self-confident.
It
can
also
show
if
you
are
a
busy
or
a
quiet
type
and
it
helps
give?②___
impression
of
whether
you
are
speaking?③___
(truthful)
or
not.
Body
language
can
show
how
enthusiastic
you
are
and
if
you
are
a
nice
person,
someone
who?④___?(take)
his
work
seriously
or
who
has
a
sense
of
humour
and
can
enjoy
a
joke
from
time?⑤___?time.
The
members
of
the
application
committee
will
ask
you
questions,?⑥___
your
answers
won't
only
be
oral.
The
committee
will
not
only
pay
attention
to?⑦___
you
say,
but
also
to
how
you
say
it!
Body
language
will
determine
first
if
it
"clicks",
and
sometimes
all
it
takes
is
just
a
few?⑧___?(second).
Everybody?⑨___?(use)
body
language,
but
it
takes
place
mostly
at
a
subconscious
(下意识的)
level.
Using
body
language
appropriately,
you
can
definitely
increase
your
chances
of?⑩?___
(get)
a
job.
五、写作
1.假定你是李华,你校将举办外国学生中文演讲比赛,请给你的英国朋友George写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括:
???
1.?比赛时间;
???
2.?演讲话题;
???
3.?报名方式。
注意:
???
1.?词数80左右;
???
2.?可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
???
One
day
when
I
was
12,
my
mother
gave
me
an
order:
I
was
to
walk
to
the
public
library,
and
borrow
at
least
one
book
for
the
summer.
This
was
one
more
weapon
for
her
to
defeat
my
strange
problem,
my
inability
to
read.
???
In
the
library,
I
found
my
way
into
the
"Children's
Room".
I
sat
down
on
the
floor
and
pulled
a
few
books
off
the
shelf
at
random.
The
cover
of
a
book
caught
my
eye.
It
presented
a
picture
of
a
beagle.
I
had
recently
had
a
beagle,
the
first
and
only
animal
companion
I
ever
had
as
a
child.
He
was
my
secret
sharer,
but
one
morning,
he
was
gone,
given
away
to
someone
who
had
the
space
and
the
money
to
care
for
him.
I
never
forgot
my
beagle.
???
There
on
the
book's
cover
was
a
beagle
which
looked
identical
to
my
dog.
I
ran
my
fingers
over
the
picture
of
the
dog
on
the
cover.
My
eyes
ran
across
the
title,
Amos,
the
Beagle
with
a
Plan.
Unknowingly,
I
had
read
the
title.
Without
opening
the
book,
I
borrowed
it
from
the
library
for
the
summer.
???
Under
the
shade
of
a
bush,
I
started
to
read
about
Amos.
I
read
very,
very
slowly
with
difficulty.
Though
pages
were
turned
slowly,
I
got
the
main
idea
of
the
story
about
a
dog
who,
like
mine,
had
been
separated
from
his
family
and
who
finally
found
his
way
back
home.
That
dog
was
my
dog,
and
I
was
the
little
boy
in
the
book.
At
the
end
of
the
story,
my
mind
continued
to
the
final
scene
of
reunion,
on
and
on,
until
my
own
lost
dog
and
I
were,
in
my
mind,
running
together.
Paragraph
1:
??
?My
mother's
call
returned
me
to
the
real
world.
I
suddenly
realized
something.?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2:
And
years
later,
she
was
proud
that
her
son
had
read
thousands
of
books,
and
was
awarded
a
PhD
in
literature.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-3ADB
解析：1.细节理解题.根据
If
you
keep
your
arms
to
the
sides
of
your
body
or
behind
your
back,
this
suggests
you
are
not
afraid
of
anything.
可知,如果把手放在身体两边或背后表明这个人什么都不怕.故选A.
2.细节理解题.根据
When
you
want
to
appear
confident,
keep
your
head
level.
可知,如果想表现得自信,要让头保持在水平位置.故选D.
3.主旨大意题.根据全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句可知,身体的不同部分的运动表达着不同的含义,肢体语言在泄露我们的思想.故选B.
2.答案：(1)-(4)ADDB
解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第一段中的"robots
have
been
hard,
made
of
metal"以及"...has
managed
to
build
an
entirely
soft
robot—one
that
draws
inspiration
from
an
octopus."的对比可知,Octobot机器人的特点是它很柔软。
(2).推理判断题。根据第三段第一句"Robots
built
for
precise,
repetitive
movements
in
a
controlled
environment
don't
do
so
well
on
rough
terrains
or
in
unpredictable
conditions."以及本段内容可知,传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行,此外,由于沉重的金属部件,传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害,据此可推断出,传统机器人的缺点是他们不能一直表现得很好。
(3).细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"Even
if
engineers
build
a
silicone
body,
it's
still
a
grand
challenge
to
construct
flexible
versions
of
essential
parts,
such
as
a
source
of
power."可知,即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体,但是制作柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战,比如动力来源。据此可知,最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源。
(4).细节理解题。从文章最后一段中的"Although
soft
robotics
is
still
in
its
early
stage,
it
holds
great
promise
for
several
applications,
such
as
search-rescue
operations
and
exploration..."
可知,尽管对软体机器人的开发和研究还处于早期阶段,但它适用于诸如搜索救援和探索等任务,故选B项。
3.答案：(1)-(4)BCBD
解析：(1).词义猜测题。根据本段内容可知,要去做某件事的决定是被我们在那一刻完成计划的评估驱动的—心理学家称其为某件事的"主观价值"。而拖延从心理学的角度讲,就是当做别的事情的价值大于即刻就工作的价值时发生的情况,故选B。
(2).推理判断题。根据第二段第三、四句"The
decision
to
work
on
something
is
driven
by
how
much
we
value
accomplishing
the
project
in
that
moment—what
psychologists
call
its
subjective
value.
And
delay,
in
psychological
terms,
is
what
happens
when
the
value
of
doing
something
else
outweighs
the
value
of
working
now."可知,作者认为人们之所以会拖延是因为他们对完成当前工作任务的主观价值评估较低;再结合第三段的内容可推知,人们可以通过提高对自己完成当前工作任务的主观价值评估来克服拖延,故选C。
(3).推理判断题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是"The
tendency...receiving
$
100
three
months
from
now
is
worth
the
same
to
people
as
receiving
$
83
right
now.
People
would
rather
lose
$
17
than
wait
a
few
months
to
get
a
larger
reward."可知,人们更看重眼前利益,故B项"A
bird
in
the
hand
is
worth
two
in
the
bush.(一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林"符合题干要求。
(4).细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容,尤其是最后两句"One
way
to
manage
it
is
to
make
the
finish
line
seem
closer.
For
example,
vividly
imagining
a
future
reward
reduces
delay
discounting."可知,作者认为应对拖延的一种方式就是让终点线看上去更近。比如说,生动地想象未来的奖赏会减少延迟折扣。故选D。
4.答案：1-4.CADD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的The
main
point
to
remember
is
that
the
British
often
use
understatement.及第二段中的Understatement
means
saying
less
than
you
think
or
feel.可知,英国人经常使用低调陈述,低调陈述意味着说的比你想的或感觉的要少,所以外国人很难理解英国笑话是因为英国人总是试图让别人觉得事情没有那么重要,故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的For
example,
if
someone
gets
very
wet
in
a
shower
of
rain,
he
might
say,
"It's
a
little
damp
outside."
Or,
if
someone
is
very
impolite
and
shouts
at
another
person,
someone
else
might
say,
"She
isn't
exactly
friendly."可知,作者是通过举例来解释低调陈述的,故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Mr
Bean
doesn't
talk
often,
and
instead
he
uses
his
body
movements
and
facial
expressions
to
make
people
laugh.可知,憨豆先生是通过肢体动作和面部表情使人发笑的,故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的However,
it
is
often
difficult
for
foreigners
to
understand
their
jokes.
The
main
point
to
remember
is
that
the
British
often
use
understatement.及倒数第二段中的Another
key
to
understanding
British
humour
is
that
the
British
like
to
make
fun
of
themselves
as
well
as
others.可知,本文主要介绍的是如何理解英式幽默,故选D项。
二、
答案：EBAGF
解析：①根据前一句Research
has
shown
that
55%
of
communication
comes
from
body
language.以及后一句Next
time
you're
in
a
meeting,
watch
for
these
cues可知,一项研究表明,55%的交流来自肢体语言,且作者建议读者在下次开会时注意这些暗示。设空处承接上文,E项(学习如何理解这55%的肢体语言可以给你很多帮助)符合语境。故选E项。
②根据空前的so
next
time
you
want
to
know
if
someone's
smile
is
real,
look
for
crinkles
at
the
corners
of
their
eyes可知,人们经常用微笑来隐藏他们的真实想法和感受,所以下次你想知道某人的微笑是否真实时,看看他们眼角有没有皱纹。所以空格处要说明如果没有皱纹,说明了什么。故选B项。
③根据本段的内容可知,本段主要在说明别人模仿你的肢体语言是件好事,故选A项。
④空前的try
to
hold
eye
contact
和空后的making
you
uncomfortable与G项中的hold
eye
contact和it
feels
uncomfortable呼应。故选G项。
⑤根据Even
if
you
can't
read
a
person's
exact
thoughts,
you
can
learn
a
lot
from
their
body
language.可知,即使你不能读懂一个人的确切想法,你也可以从他们的肢体语言中学到很多。所以此处要总结性地说明在哪种情况下,能通过肢体语言获得更多的信息。故选F项。
三、
答案：1-5BCCCD
6-10DBDAB
11-15DABCA
解析：1.possible
可能的;
wonderful
精彩的,极好的;
hopeful
有希望的;
reasonable
合理的.能够再看见东西自然是非常好的,故选B.
2.question
问题;
mistake
错误;
disaster
灾难;
situation
情形.双目失明对人来说是一场灾难,故选C.
3.importance
重要性;
value
价值;
loss
失去,损失;
attention
注意力.作者的意思是失去双目使他更加感激自己所拥有的东西,故选C.
4.natural
自然的;
modern
现代的;
meaningful
有意义的;
challenging
挑战性的.一个人能越快地做出调整,他自己的私人世界就会变得更有意义,故选C.
5.right
权利;
plan
计划;
place
地点;
potential
潜力.父母和老师们看到了作者身上生存的潜力,故选D.
6.fight
against
与....作斗争.父母和老师们都想让作者同失明作斗争.
7.self-control
自我控制;
self-confidence
自信;
self-defense
自我保护;
self-improvement
自我提高.作者并不是说仅靠自信就可以独自从不熟悉的楼梯上下来.
8.modest
谦虚的;
energetic
精力充沛的;
generous
慷慨的;
positive
积极乐观的.作者虽然不完美,但还是一个实实在在的、乐观积极的人,故选D.
9.strengthen
加强;
express
表达;
share
分享;
destroy
破坏.我花了好几年才发现和加强了这种自信,故选A.
10.那个人的话语
令作者难以忘怀.
stick
in
one's
mind
经久不忘;铭记在心,故选B.
11.important
重要的;
specific
具体的;
common
普遍的;
impossible
不可能的.玩室内棒球是作者以前认为不可能的事情,故选D.
12.invent
发明;
confirm
证实;
check
检查;
notice
注意到.这里指作者发明了一种棒球的变体,叫做地滚球,故答案为A.
13.interest
兴趣,利益;
limitation
局限;
experience
经验,经历;
responsibility
责任.
"我"
必须得清楚自己本身的局限性,故选B.
14.去试图获得一开始就知道极其超出自己能力的事情没有任何好处,因为这只能招致失败的痛苦.此处表示原因,所以用
because.
15.fail
失败;
try努力,尝试;
act
行动;
continue
继续.作者有时会失败,但平均来说他还是取得了进步,根据
but
可知此空与
progress
相对,故选
fail
四、
答案：①Based
②an
③truthfully
④takes
⑤to
⑥but
⑦what
⑧seconds
⑨uses
⑩getting
解析：①句意为:根据你的肢体语言可以看出你是否自信.
it
can
be
seen
whether
you
are
self-confident
为句子的主干,此处应用
base
的非谓语动词形式,和后面的on
your
body
language一起作状语,
be
based
on
意为
"......为基础".
故填Based.
②设空处修饰可数名词单数
impression,泛指
"一种印象",
且
impression
是以元音音素开头的,故填
an.
③修饰
speaking
应用副词,故填
truthfully.
④who
___
his
work
seriously
为定语从句,修饰
someone,
设空处在定语从句中作谓语.此处讲述一般情况,根据后面
or
连接的并列定语从句用一般现在时也可知,此处用一般现在时,故填
takes.
⑤from
time
to
time
为固定搭配,意为
"有时;不时",
故填
to.
⑥句意为:申请委员会的成员们会问你一些问题,但是你的回答不是只限于你说了什么.根据句意可知,设空处前后的内容在意思上存在转折关系,故填
but.
⑦___
you
say
为宾语从句,设空处在从句中作宾语,
"表示......的东西",
故填
what.
⑧a
few
修饰可数名词的复数形式,故填
seconds.
⑨Everybody
作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式,故填
uses.
⑩介词
of
后要跟动名词形式,故填
getting.
五、
1.Dear
George,
???
There
will
be
a
Chinese
speech
contest
for
foreign
students
in
our
school.
I'd
like
to
invite
you
to
compete
in
it,
because
this
is
a
good
chance
for
you
to
show
how
well
you've
learned
Chinese.
It
will
take
place
in
the
school
hall
from
9:00
to
12:
00on
the
morning
of
January
18.
The
topic
is
"Traditional
Chinese
Culture".
If
you
are
interested,
sign
up
on
our
school
website
www.
ycshool.
com
before
January
10.
???
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours,
Li
Hua
2.答案：
Paragraph
1:
???
My
mother's
call
returned
me
to
the
real
world.
I
suddenly
realized
something.
The
trick
of
reading
is
to
put
yourself
into
the
story
experiencing
what
the
author
goes
through
and
appreciating
its
meaning
in
your
heart.
As
long
as
I
clung
to
this
process,
not
only
was
my
inability
to
read
defeated,
but
also
an
inner
aspiration
to
read
was
stimulated,
which
changed
my
life
for
the
better.
During
the
summer,
I
incredibly
developed
special
companionship
with
books,
ranging
from
vivid
storybooks
to
academic
articles.
My
mother
was
more
than
delighted
to
see
my
change.
Paragraph
2:
???
And
years
later,
she
was
proud
that
her
son
had
read
thousands
of
books,
and
was
awarded
a
PhD
in
literature.
She
proposed
that
my
experience
should
be
of
use
to
others.
So
I
set
up
a
team
to
provide
those
who
had
difficulty
reading
with
space
to
turn
to,
through
which
I
myself
also
gained
a
better
understanding
of
reading
as
well
as
my
life.
My
first
adventure
of
reading
turned
out
to
be
a
permanent
treasure.Unit
4
Body
Language
Part
one
Vocabulary
1.
vary
vi.
(根据情况）变化；改变
vary
in
sth.
在……方面不同
vary
with…
随着……的变化而变化
vary
from…
to
…由……到……不等
variety
n.
变化；多样化；种类
a
variety
of/
varieties
of
各种各样的
2.
appropriate
adj.
合适的；恰当的
be
appropriate
to/for
适合……
It
is
appropriate
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
（对于某人来说）做某事更合适
3.
contrast
by/in
contrast
相比之下
in
contrast
with/
to
与……形成对比
contrast
…with…
把……与……作对比
4.
approve
vi.
赞成；同意
vt.
批准；通过
approve
of
sth.
赞成；同意
approve
of
sb./sb's
doing
sth.
同意某人做某事
5.
employ
vt.
使用；应用；雇用
employ
sb.
to
do
sth.
雇用某人做某事
employ
sb.
as
sth.
雇用某人当……
be
employed
in
(doing)
sth.
=
employ
oneself
in
(doing)
sth.
忙于做某事；从事某活动
6.
differ
vi.
相异；不同于
differ
from
…
与……不同
differ
in
…
在……方面不同
differ
with
sb
(about/
on
/
over
sth)
（在某事/某物上）与某人意见相左
7.
comparison
by
comparison
(with…)
（与……）相比较
in
comparison
with/to…
和……相比
compare
v.
比较；对比；把……比作
compare
…with…
和……相比
8.
favour
vt.
较喜欢；选择；有利于
do
sb.
a
favour
帮某人一个忙
ask
sb.
a
favour
=
ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请某人帮忙
in
favour
of
支持；赞同
9.
slight
adj.
轻微的；略微的；细小的
not
in
the
slightest
=
not
at
all
毫不；一点也不
slightly
adv.
略微；稍微
（可用于修饰比较级）
10.
assessment
n.
评价；评定
assess
vt.
评估；评价
assessment
of
…
对……的看法/评估
assess
sb./sth.
as
sth.
评定……为……
assess
sth.
at
sth.
对……估价为……
11.
bend
vt.
&vi.
(bent,
bent)
（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向
bend
down/over
弯腰
bend
one's
mind/efforts
to
sth.
专心致志于某事
12.
tendency
n.
趋势；倾向
tend
v.
往往会；趋向；倾向；照料；照管；护理
tend
to
do
sth
往往会发生某事；易于做某事
tend
to/
towards…
有……的趋势；趋于……
tend
(to)
sb/sth
照料/照管某人/某事
13.
occupy
vt.
占据；占用
occupy
sb
with
(doing)
sth/
in
doing
sth.
使某人忙于（做）某事
occupied
adj.
忙于……的；被占领的
be
occupied
with
(=be
busy
with)
忙于……
be
occupied
(in)
doing
sth
(=be
busy
in
doing
sth)
忙于做某事
14.
stare
vi.
盯着看；凝视
n.
凝视
stare
at…
盯着……看
各种“看”：
stare
at
盯着看
gaze
at
凝视
glare
at
怒视
glance
at
瞥一眼
look
at
看
fix
one's
eyes
on
盯着看
15.
distinguish
vi.
&
vt.
区分；辨别
distinguish
(between)
A
and
B
区别/辨别A和B
distinguish
A
from
B
使A有别于B
distinguish
oneself
by…
靠……使自己有名气
16.
embarrassed
adj.
难堪的；尴尬的
be/feel
embarrassed
about/at…
因……而窘迫/尴尬
be
embarrassed
to
do
sth.
不好意思做某事
embarrass
vt.
使尴尬；使窘迫
It
embarrasses/embarrassed
sb.
to
do
sth.
做某事使某人尴尬
17.
ashamed
adj.
羞愧；惭愧
be
ashamed
of…
为……感到羞耻/惭愧
be
ashamed
to
do
sth.
耻于做某事；因难为情不愿做某事
18.
bother
vi.
&
vt.
费心；麻烦；因……操心
n.
麻烦；不便
bother
sb.
with
sth.
为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother
about/with
sth.
为某事烦恼
bother
to
do
sth.
费心做某事
It
bother
sb.
to
do
sth./
that…
使某人苦恼的是……
19.
adjust
vt.调整；调节
vi.
&
vt.
适应；
(使）习惯
adjust…to…
根据……调节……
adjust
to
(doing)
sth.
适应于；习惯于
adjust
oneself
to
sth.
使自己适应于某物
make
adjustments
to
对……作出调整
Part
two
Grammar
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
1.动词－ing形式作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?
你介意打开窗户吗？
I
suggest
going
swimming
now.
我建议现在就去游泳。
注意：
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期（avoid,
miss,
postpone)
建议完成多练习（advise,
finish,
practise)
喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy,
imagine,
can't
help)
承认否定与嫉妒（admit,
deny,
envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅（escape,
risk,
excuse)
忍受保持不介意（stand,
keep,
mind)
（2）作介词的宾语
在下面的短语中，常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语：insist
on,
object
to,
be
good
at,
be
fond
of,
lead
to,
put
off,
give
up,
look
forward
to,
feel
like,
devote
to,
get
used
to,
pay
attention
to
等。He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
（3）在有些动词的后面，如
start,
begin,
continue
等既可接动词-ing形式也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They
continued
working/to
work
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
（4）有些动词或动词短语后跟动词-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。接不定式一般表示动作尚未发生，而接动名词则表示动作已经发生。
remember/
forget
to
do.
.
.
记着／忘记要做……
remember/forget
doing.
.
.
记着／忘记做过……
regret
to
do.
.
.
遗憾要做……
regret
doing.
.
.
后悔做了……
try
to
do.
.
.
努力／试图做……
try
doing.
.
.
试着做……
mean
to
do.
.
.
打算做……
mean
doing.
.
.
意味着做……
stop
to
do.
.
.
停下来去做（另一件事）
stop
doing.
.
.
停止做……
can't
help
to
do...不能帮着做……
can't
help
doing...禁不住做……
（5）用
it
作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing
形式
（6）介词
in
常可省略的几类句型
①主语
+have
a
problem/
trouble/difficulty/
a
good/hard
time
(+in)+doing...
②主语+spend
time（+in）+doing...
③主语+be
busy（+in）+doing...
（7）主动形式表被动意义need,
require,
want
作“需要”讲时，接动词-ing
形式作宾语,相当于不定式的被动形式。
主语+want/need/require
+doing/
to
be
done
主语需要被……
2.
动词-ing
形式作表语
（1）动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。
My
favourite
sport
is
swimming.
(=Swimming
is
my
favourite
sport.)我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
（2）现在分词(短语)作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
The
news
is
quite
shocking,这消息很令人震惊。
注意：
作表语的动词-ing
形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving,
interesting,
encouraging,
exciting,
inspiring,
boring,
surprising,
puzzling,
amusing,
astonishing等。这类词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
（3）区别
动名词(短语)作表语
表抽象的一般性的动作
动词不定式(短语)作表语
表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事
Part
three
Sentence
1.
In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
talking
to
an
older
person.
在日本，和年长的人说话时目光向下以表示尊敬。
Placing
your
hands
together
and
resting
them
on
the
side
of
your
head
while
closing
your
eyes
means“sleep”。
双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。
状语从句中的省略
状语从句的省略是指在时间、条件、比较、让步状语从句中，将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。通常需要具备以下条件：
（1）从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语为it;
（2）从句中含有be动词。
Video
games
can
be
a
bad
influence
if
(they
are)
left
in
the
wrong
hands.
电子游戏如果落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生不良影响。
It
is
so
cold
that
you
can't
go
outside
unless
(you
are)
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。
While
(you
were)
walking
the
dog,
you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car.
遛狗的时候，你太大意了，它挣脱了，被车撞了。
The
disease
was
spreading
faster
than
(it
was)
expected,
but
they
took
action
in
time.
疾病比预计的传播得快，但是他们及时采取了措施。
注意：
惯用省略结构：
if
so如果是这样的话
if
necessary
如果有必要
if
any
如果有的话
if
not
如果不是这样；否则
if
possible
如果可能的话
if
ever
如果曾经有的话
2.
And
if
we
are
feeling
down
or
lonely,
there
is
nothing
better
than
seeing
the
smiling
face
of
a
good
friend.
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
（1）基本结构：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级（＋than)
（2）常用的否定词：no,
not,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
hardly等
（3）意义：再没有比······更······的了，再······不过了
I
have
never
seen
a
more
energetic
man.
我从未见过比他精力更充沛的人。
I
couldn't
agree
more.
我完全同意。/
我再同意不过了。
Nothing
is
more
precious
than
health.
健康是最宝贵的。
3.
People
have
a
tendency
to
lean
towards
whatever
they
are
interested
in.
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
Whatever
it
is,
I
know
I
need
to
inquire
and
assess
what
is
going
on.
不管是什么，我知道我需要调查和评估所发生的事情。
whatever
引导名词性从句和让步状语从句
Tell
me
whatever/anything
that
you
know
about
him.
把你知道的关于他的事情都告诉我。
I
agree
with
whatever/anything
that
he
says.
他说什么我都同意。
Whatever
matter
what
you
do,
I
will
be
for
you.
不管你做什么，我都会支持你。
Whatever
matter
what
happens,
you
should
stay
calm.
无论发生什么，你应该保持镇静。
注意：（1）与
whatever具有类似用法的还有：
whoever=anyone
who/those
who
(名词性从句）
whoever=no
matter
who
(让步状语从句）
whichever=the
one
that
(名词性从句）
whichever=no
matter
which
(让步状语从句）
The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
to
whoever/anyone
who
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
谁在自行车比赛中夺得第一名金牌就归谁。
Choose
whichever/the
one
that
you
like
best.
选你最喜欢的那个。
Whichever
matter
which
they
choose,
we
must
accept
their
decision.
无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。
（2）no
matter
when/where/how=whenever/wherever/however,
引导让步状语从句。
4.
Of
course,
not
everyone
who
looks
up
is
paying
attention
in
class.
当然，不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。
部分否定
表示全体意义的词（如
all,
both,
every,
everything,
everybody,
everyone,
always
等）与否定副词
not连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都……，并不总是……”。
All
the
people
didn't
arrive
on
schedule.
＝Not
all
the
people
arrived
on
schedule.
并非所有的人都按时到达。
Both
of
them
are
not
reliable.
＝Not
both
of
them
are
reliable.
他们两个人并非都可靠。
Actually,
everyone
isn't
fond
of
living
in
big
cities.
＝Actually,
not
everyone
is
fond
of
living
in
big
cities.
事实上，并非每个人都喜欢住在大城市。
注意：
全部否定表达法：表示全部否定意义的词（none,
neither,
nothing,
nobody,
never等）与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
None
of
us
could
persuade
him
into
giving
up
smoking.
我们当中没有人能说服他戒烟。
Nobody
can
recognize
you
in
the
crowd.
没有人能在人群中认出你。
5.
Students
who
are
angry,
afraid,
or
experiencing
anxiety
may
have
their
arms
crossed
in
front
of
their
chests
and
their
legs
closed
or
crossed,
like
they
are
guarding
their
bodies.
生气、害怕或者焦虑的学生会双臂交叉抱在胸前，他们的腿并拢或交叉，就像他们在保护自己的身体。
have
sth.
done
“have
sth.
done”结构主要表示以下含义：
①使某事被做（强调被动意义，以上句子就是此种含义）；
②请别人做某事；
③
主语遭遇到某种不幸的事。
He
managed
to
have
the
work
finished
yesterday.
他昨天努力把这项工作做完了。
With
the
new
year
approaching,
you
should
have
your
hair
cut.
新年快到了，你应该理发了。
My
uncle
was
depressed
because
he
had
his
car
stolen.
我叔叔很难过，因为他的车被偷了。
【归纳拓展】
have
sb.
do
sth.
让某人做某事
have
sth.to
do
有某事需要做
can't/
won't
have
sb.
doing
sth.
不能容忍某人做某事
