Unit
1
People
of
Achievement
Part
one
Vocabulary
1.
vital
adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
be
vital
to/
for
对……至关重要
It
is
vital
to
do
sth.
做某事是至关重要的
It
is
vital
that…
……是至关重要的
（that从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”）
2.
commit
vt.承诺；保证（某个人、机构等）
vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）
commit
sb./
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
承诺/保证做某事
committed
adj.
尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
be
committed
to
致力于；委身于
commitment
n.
承诺；投入；委托
make
a
commitment
做出承诺
3.
evaluate
vt.评价；评估
evaluate
one's
ability
评估某人的能力
evaluation
n.
评估，估算
4.
distinct
adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
It
is
distinct
that…
很明显……
be
distinct
from…in…
在……方面与……不同
（=
be
different
from
…in…）
5.
obtain
vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行
obtain
…from/out
of/
through…
从……中得到……
6.
acknowledge
vt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢
acknowledge
doing/having
done
sth.
承认做了某事
acknowledge
…as/
to
be…
认为……是……
It
is
widely/
generally
acknowledged
that
普遍认为……
7.
defeat
n.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜
a
narrow
defeat
惜败
suffer
a
defeat
遭遇失败
be
defeated
by
被……打败
8.
apparently
adv.显而易见；看来；显然
apparent
adj.
显而易见的，显然的；表面上的
It
is
apparent/
obvious
that…
……是显而易见的
9.
insist
vi.&
vt.坚持；坚决要求
insist
on
doing
sth.
坚持做某事
insist
that…
坚持要求……；坚持说……
（insist后接
that从句时，有两种情况：①表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。②表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用虚拟语气。）
10.
circumstance
n.[usually
pl.]条件；环境；状况
in/under
the
circumstance
在这种情况下；既然如此
under
any
circumstance
在任何情况下；无论如何
in/under
no
circumstance
决不；无论如何都不
11.
found
vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
be
founded
on
建立在……基础上；（建筑物）建立在……上
12.
extraordinary
adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
an
extraordinary
memory
非凡的记忆力
extraordinary
ideas
离奇的想法
13.
consequence
n.结果；后果
accept/
take
the
consequence
承担后果
in
consequence/
as
a
consequence
因此，所以
in
consequence
of/
as
a
consequence
of
因为，作为……的结果
14.
encounter
vt.偶然碰到；遇到
n.邂逅；遭遇
have
an
encounter
with
与……相遇
come
across
偶然遇到；偶然发现
15.
sum
vi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和
sum
up
总结；概括
sum
into/to
共计
to
sum
up
=in
sum
总之
Part
two
Grammar
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。
The
summer
holiday,
which
we're
looking
forward
to,
is
drawing
near.
我们所期盼的暑假即将到来。
一、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：
关系代词
which,
who,
whom,
whose,
as
关系副词when,
where等
Water,
which
is
a
clear
liquid,
has
many
uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
He
will
put
off
the
picnic
until
May
1st,
when
he
will
be
free.
他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。
关系词在句中所作成分：
关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语
关系副词：状语
The
boy,
whose
father
is
an
engineer,
studies
very
hard.
这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。
Once
more
I
am
in
Boston,
where
I
have
not
been
for
years.
我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来了。
二、as的用法
as
也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
（1）as
引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在固定搭配
such.
.
.as,
the
same
.
.
.
as中。
He
is
not
the
same
man
as
he
was.
他和以前不一样了。
（2）
as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，常译为“正如”。
Smoking
is
harmful
to
one's
health,
as
is
known
to
us
all.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
（3）as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。
As
I
have
pointed
out,
it
is
important
to
include
vegetables
in
our
diet.
正如我所指出的，蔬菜在日常饮食中很重要。
（4）as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构，如：
as
is
known
to
us
众所周知
as
is
reported
正如所提及的那样
as
we
all
know
众所周知
as
has
been
said
before
正如之前所说
三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项
（1）that
不能引导非限制性定语从句。
在非限制性定语从句中，用who,
whom指代人，用which
指代物。
She
was
very
fond
of
speaking
French,
which
indeed
she
spoke
well.
她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。
（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
They
went
to
London,
where
they
lived
for
six
months.
他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。
（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。
In
the
presence
of
so
many
people
he
was
a
little
tense,
which
was
understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
（4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用
for
which
代替
why。
I
had
told
them
the
reason,
for
which
I
didn't
attend
the
meeting.
我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）形式不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。
This
is
the
best
passage
that
I
have
ever
read.
这是我读过的最好的文章。
I
read
a
passage
last
night,
which
is
very
interesting.
我昨天晚上读了一篇文章，它非常有趣。
（2）作用不同
限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意则不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，对先行词仅起补充说明作用，若缺少，句意仍相对完整。
Do
you
remember
the
man
who
taught
us
English?
你记得教我们英语的那个人吗？
She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
which
helps
them
keep
fit.
她和家人都骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
可通过以下两个例句对比理解两者的区别：
His
brother
who
is
19
years
old
is
serving
in
the
army
now.
他的一个19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。
（他有不止一个哥哥）
His
brother,
who
is
19
years
old,
is
serving
in
the
army
now.
他的哥哥今年19岁，正在部队服役。（他只有一个哥哥）
（3）翻译不同
限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句，后译先行词，即把从句放在先行词前，译为“……的＋先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。
He
is
the
man
who
lives
next
to
me.
他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。
He
is
a
warm-hearted
man,
who
lives
next
to
me.
他是个热心肠的人，住在我的隔壁。
（4）关系词不同
关系代词
that
不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词都不可省略。
Mr.
White,
whom
you
met
yesterday,
is
one
of
my
old
friends.
你昨天遇到的怀特先生是我的一个老朋友。
(非限制性定语从句，whom在从句中作宾语，不能省略）
五、特殊结构“名词／代词＋of
+
which/whom”
There
are
30
chairs
in
the
hall,
most
of
which
are
new.
大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
六、关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择
关键是判断句子结构：
非限制性定语从句一选关系代词
并列句一选人称代词或指示代词
He
came
late
again
and
this
made
his
boss
angry.
他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。
This
is
my
smart
phone
and
it
was
bought
yesterday.
这是我昨天买的智能手机。
I
met
Professor
Xu,
who
told
me
the
result
of
the
election.
我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。
Part
three
Sentence
1.
They
then
tried
boiling
fresh
wormwood,
and
using
the
liquid
obtained
from
this
to
treat
malaria,
but
this
did
not
work
either.
然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不管用。
过去分词（短语）作定语
单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
I
was
requested
to
carry
out
a
plan
supported
by
most
people.
＝I
was
requested
to
carry
out
a
plan
which
was
supported
by
most
people.
我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。
注意：
①有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词之后。
There
is
little
time
left.
Let's
hurry
up.
剩余的时间不多了，咱们抓紧吧。
②过去分词修饰代词时，应放在被修饰词之后。
Nothing
reported
in
the
newspaper
interested
him.
报纸上没什么报道使他感兴趣。
③有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。试比较：
This
is
a
used
car.
这是一辆二手汽车。
The
method
used
is
very
efficient.
所用的方法很有效。
误区警示
①不及物动词：只表示完成，不表示被动。
fallen
leaves
落叶
the
risen
sun升起的太阳
②
及物动词：表示被动或完成。
deeply
moved
people
深受感动的人们
the
broken
glass
碎了的杯子
2.
Upon
hearing
that
she
had
been
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize,
she
said,
"The
honour
is
not
just
mine.
.
.
"
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
“介词upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。
upon
一……就……
Upon
receiving
a
phone
call
from
his
wife
saying
she
had
a
fall,
Mr.
Green
immediately
rushed
home
from
his
office.
一接到妻子的电话说她摔了一跤，格林先生就立即从办公室赶回家了。
upon还可换作介词on,
表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”
On
arriving
at
the
stadium,
the
athletes
began
to
work
out.
一到体育场，运动员们就开始训练。
注意：
用作连词表示“一……就……”的名词词组：
the
moment
/the
instant
/the
minute
/the
second
后接从句
3.
He
made
numerous
contributions
to
the
world,
the
most
well-known
being
the
general
theory
of
relativity
and
the
famous
formula
E=mc2.
他对世界做出了许多贡献，最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2
。
独立主格结构
有时现在分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况或解释整个句子。独立主格结构的构成：
（1）
名词＋现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）
Weather
permitting,
they
will
go
on
an
outing
to
the
beach
tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
（2）
名词＋过去分词（表示被动或已经完成）
Enough
time
given,
she
will
surely
do
the
job
better.
如果给她足够的时间，她一定会把工作做得更好。
（3）名词＋不定式（表示即将发生）
Here
are
the
first
three
volumes,
the
fourth
one
to
come
out
next
month.
这是前三卷，第四卷下个月出版。
（4）
名词＋形容词／副词／介词短语／名词短语
Her
face
pale
with
anger,
she
rose
to
go
away.
她气得脸色苍白，站起来要走。
The
summer
vacation
over,
the
students
returned
to
school.
暑假结束了，学生们回到了学校。
4.
He
had
a
thick
moustache
and
long
white
hair,
which
sometimes
stood
on
end
as
though
he
had
just
received
an
electric
shock.
他胡须浓密，有时白发挺立，就像刚遭了电击一样。
as
though仿佛，好像（＝as
if)
（1）as
though/if可置于look,
seem,
feel
等连系动词后引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。
It
seemed
as
though
he
didn't
care
about
everything
around
him.
看起来他好像不在乎周围的一切。
(表语从句）
He
talks
to
them
as
if
they
were
children.
他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。
(方式状语从句）
（2）as
though/if引导的从句常用虚拟语气表示所述的情况与事实不符。
与现在事实不符
过去式（be
动词用were）
He
talks
as
though
he
knew
all
about
it.
与过去事实不符
had+过去分词
He
kept
working
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
与将来事实不符
would/could/might
+动词原形
It
looks
as
though
it
might
rain.
（3）as
though/if
引导的从句有时也可以用陈述语气，表示说话者认为从句所述的情况是事实。
He
looked
as
though
he
was
about
to
burst
into
tears.
他看上去好像要哭起来了。
as
though/if引导的从句有时可用省略形式。结构：as
though/if+分词／不定式／形容词／介词短语等。
She
stood
at
the
door
as
though/if
waiting
for
someone.
她站在门口，好像在等人。2020-2021学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册
期末复习单元知识检测
Unit
1
一、阅读理解
1.?
Every
time
you
go
shopping,
the
vegetables
and
fruit
look
so
tempting
that
you
wish
you
could
buy
all
of
them.
Some
people
are
lucky
and
can
grow
the
fruit
and
vegetables
in
the
gardens
that
they
have.
While
getting
fresh
vegetables,
they
can
also
achieve
great
cost
cutting.
???
Mushrooms
are
expensive
and
can
also
go
bad
very
quickly.
Mushrooms
can
also
be
grown
easily
in
a
dark
environment.
In
fact
it's
better
than
growing
other
vegetables
since
you
really
don't
need
an
outdoor
space.
A
special
type
of
soil
that
is
good
for
growing
mushrooms
is
easily
available.
???
Actually
mushrooms
aren't
even
vegetables;
they
are
fungi
(菌类)
and
for
this
reason,
you
don't
even
require
sunlight
to
grow
them.
Well,
how
does
one
go
about
growing
mushrooms?
You
could
always
search
"growing
mushrooms"
and
you
will
find
a
number
of
mushroom
growing
kits
(工具)
available
online
that
are
effective
and
not
very
expensive
either.
???
Mushrooms
can
be
added
to
any
dish
that
you
cook.
Simply
use
them
in
pizza,
salads
and
anything
that
you
pretty
much
fancy.
Grow
mushrooms
in
your
own
house
and
use
them
whenever
you
want.
Fresh
mushrooms
are
tastier
than
the
ones
that
are
stored
in
your
refrigerator.
???
If
you
have
had
a
really
good
crop
of
mushrooms,
then
you
can
even
store
them.
Ideally
you
should
use
the
white
variety
of
the
mushrooms.
Simply
pick
them,
slice
them
and
put
them
on
a
cookie
sheet
in
a
freezer.
When
they
are
frozen,
you
can
use
them
when
you
want
to.
Remember
to
thaw
(解冻)
them
before
you
use
them,
and
they
will
give
a
really
great
taste
to
the
dish
that
you
are
making.
1.What
can
we
know
about
growing
mushrooms?
A.It
takes
a
lot
of
effort.
B.It
needs
lots
of
sunshine.
C.The
soil
is
easily
available.
D.The
environment
is
demanding.
2.What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
growing
vegetables
in
gardens?
A.Doubtful.
B.Supportive.
C.Objective.
D.Disapproving.
3.What
could
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Simple
to
Cook
Mushroom
Pizza
B.Fun
and
Easy
to
Grow
Mushrooms
C.Expensive
to
Buy
Mushrooms
Online
D.Important
to
Eat
Fruit
and
Vegetables
2.???
Today,
the
world's
diversity
(多样性)
of
food
crops
is
quickly
decreasing.
But
scientists
around
the
world
are
taking
action.
They
are
building
seed
banks.
At
seed
banks,
scientists
store
the
seeds
of
many
different
crops.
???
There
are
now
about
1,400
seed
banks
around
the
world.
However,
some
banks
are
in
warm
countries.
If
the
electricity
fails,
the
seeds
will
get
too
hot
and
die.
Other
seed
banks
are
in
countries
troubled
by
war.
Sometimes
people
damage
the
seed
banks.
If
this
happens,
valuable
seeds
can
be
lost
forever!
???
The
organisation
Global
Crop
Diversity
Trust
decided
they
wanted
to
deal
with
this
problem.
So,
they
decided
to
build
a
global
seed
bank.
This
seed
bank
would
contain
a
back-up,
or
extra
copy,
of
all
the
world's
seeds.
Smaller
seed
banks
would
still
collect
and
keep
local
seeds.
But
they
would
also
send
copies
of
their
seeds
to
the
global
bank.
???
Scientists
from
the
Global
Crop
Diversity
Trust
chose
the
cold,
snowy
mountains
of
Svalbard,
Norway
to
build
the
global
seed
bank—the
Svalbard
Global
Seed
Vault
(斯瓦尔巴全球种子库).
Organisations,
farmers,
or
local
seed
banks
store
their
extra
seeds
there.
And
the
people
who
place
their
seeds
in
the
vault
are
the
only
people
who
can
take
them
out.
They
pay
to
ship
their
seeds
to
Norway,
but
it
does
not
cost
them
any
money
to
store
their
seeds.
The
Global
Crop
Diversity
Trust
pays
for
this.
???
Cary
Fowler
is
a
scientist
who
heads
the
Global
Crop
Diversity
Trust.
He
said,
"If
the
Seed
Vault
simply
supplies
seed
banks
with
copies
of
seeds
that
those
banks
lost
by
accident,
the
Seed
Vault
will
be
worth
more
than
it
cost."
1.What
is
the
purpose
of
building
the
seed
banks?
A.To
research
on
seeds.
B.To
produce
new
seeds.
C.To
protect
crop
diversity.
D.To
increase
the
number
of
seeds.
2.Compared
with
other
seed
banks,
the
global
seed
bank
__________.
A.was
built
by
the
government
B.is
more
welcomed
by
farmers
C.is
mainly
used
by
great
scientists
D.can
provide
a
good
environment
for
seeds
3.What
can
we
learn
about
the
Svalbard
Global
Seed
Vault?
A.It
helps
to
pay
the
shipping
cost.
B.No
one
can
take
seeds
out
of
there.
C.There
are
no
fees
to
store
seeds
there.
D.It
mainly
receives
seeds
from
farmers.
4.What
is
Cary
Fowler's
attitude
towards
the
Seed
Vault?
A.He
feels
it
is
very
important.
B.He
is
surprised
at
it.
C.He
thinks
it
costs
too
much.
D.He
is
uncertain
about
it.
3.???
During
most
time
of
the
1930s,
the
Great
Plains?region
was
destroyed
by
drought
and
high
winds.
Howling
across
the
Great
Plains,
these
winds
swept
up
the
soil
of
the
over-farmed
land
and
created
serious
sandstorms
of
dust.
These
black
sandstorms
were
so
thick
that
daylight
seemed
more
like
dusk.
Year
after
year
having
passed
without
rain,
the
winds
continued
to
blow,
and
the
dust
swirled
endlessly.
During
this
terrible
period,
the
region
came
to
be
called
the
Dust
Bowl.
???
But
the
causes
of
the
sandstorms
weren't
just
drought
and
winds.
In
a
strange
way,
patriotism
(爱国主义)
was
partly
to
blame.
During
World
War
I,
the
US
government
encouraged
farmers
to
support
the
war
by
planting
more
wheat.
As
farmers
increased
their
production,
their
own
profits
increased.
Following
the
invention
of
the
farm
tractor,
farmers
plowed
up
thousands
of
acres
of
grassland
and
planted
wheat.
Wheat
production
rose
fast,
but
nature
soon
turned
success
into
disaster.
???
When
the
drought
began,
farmers
didn't
realise
that,
by
plowing
up
the
grassland,
they
had
destroyed
the
land's
natural
protection
against
soil
erosion
(侵蚀).
As
the
drought
continued,
one
powerful
windstorm
after
another
blew
across
the
Great
Plains.
Crops
dried
up
and
were
blown
away.
???
Nothing
grew
for
years.
Eventually
most
of
the
rich
topsoil
(表土层)
was
blown
away.
As
years
passed,
all
the
moisture
(水分)
in
the
ground
disappeared,
leaving
even
the
deep
roots
of
trees
in
dust.
???
The
Great
Plains
became
a
deserted
place,
as
thousands
of
people
fled
to
California
to
escape
the
dust
and
look
for
work.
Most
found
only
low-paying
agricultural
jobs.
But
there
were
those
who
refused
to
leave.
For
these
farmers,
a
programme
encouraged
them
to
make
use
of
new
ways
that
would
protect
the
precious
topsoil
from
eroding.
But
bringing
the
soil
back
to
life
took
time,
and
the
farmers
still
needed
rain.
Rain
meant
more
to
the
farmers
than
it
ever
had
before.
It
meant
a
future.
1.Which
of
the
following
is
the
main
cause
of
turning
the
Great
Plains
into
the
Dust
Bowl?
A.The
land
was
over-farmed.
B.The
high
winds
blew
away
good
soil.
C.There
was
lasting
drought
for
year.
D.There
were
many
thick
black
sandstorms.
2.What
does
the
underlined
phrase
in
the
second
paragraph
mean?
A.Show
up
the
grassland
for
farming.
B.Open
up
the
grassland
for
farming.
C.Give
up
the
grassland
for
farming.
D.Give
out
the
grassland
to
the
farmers.
3.How
is
the
third
paragraph
mainly
developed?
A.
By
the
time
order.
B.
By
giving
examples.
C.
By
exploring
causes
and
effects.
D.
By
explaining
the
process.
4.What
is
mainly
discussed
in
the
last
two
paragraphs?
A.
Measures
to
be
taken.
B.
Future
of
the
destroyed
region.
C.
Results
of
the
disaster.
D.
People's
reaction
to
the
disaster.
4.???
Body
language
is
the
quietest,
most
secret
and
most
powerful
language
of
all.
It
is
said
that
our
body
movements
communicate
about
50%
of
what
we
really
mean
while
words
themselves
only
do
7%.
So
while
your
mouth
is
closed,
just
it
is
your
body
language
that
is
saying.
???
When
it
comes
to
body
language
at
the
office,
you
may
be
making
some
big
mistakes
that
could
cause
you
trouble.
The
following
are
some
tips
on
what
you
should
not
do
when
using
body
language
at
your
office.
???
Don't
touch
your
co-workers,
even
if
it's
on
the
back
of
the
arm
or
shoulder.
Many
of
your
co-workers
are
not
comfortable
with
any
body
contact
(接触)
with
others.
Be
careful
not
to
touch
anyone
at
your
office.
???
Don't
avoid
eye
contact.
Eyes
can
speak.
Lack
of
eye
contact
means
cheat,
and
it
can
also
point
to
no
safety
or
lack
of
confidence.
Trust
and
confidence
are
things
you
will
communicate
to
the
other
person
if
you
hold
eye
contact
50%
of
the
time.
???
Don't
have
a
bad
handshake.
You're
going
to
show
your
kindness
at
once
with
a
firm
palm
(手掌)
to
palm
handshake.
Showing
the
palms
of
your
hands
is
an
amiable
gesture
as
it
shows
that
you
have
a
peaceful
purpose.
It
means
acceptance,
and
that
you've
open
to
new
ideas.
Be
careful
of
the
dead
fish
handshake.
???
Don't
lean
(倾斜)
your
head
while
listening
to
others.
When
listening
to
others,
you
should
listen
to
him
or
her
carefully
with
your
head
straight.
For
women
especially,
you
think
you
are
expressing
interest
by
leaning
your
head
when
you
are
listening
to
others,
but
you
actually
come
across
as
if
you
don't
understand
what's
going
on.
1.What
can
we
learn
from
the
first
paragraph?
A.The
importance
of
body
language.
B.The
development
of
body
language.
C.The
best
way
to
communicate
with
others.
D.How
to
avoid
making
mistakes
at
the
office.
2.What
can
the
underlined
word
"amiable"
in
Paragraph
5
be
replaced
with?
A.Common.
B.Polite.
C.Friendly.
D.Strange.
3.What
can
it
be
known
from
the
passage?
A.The
stronger
you
shake
hands
with
others
the
better.
B.Leaning
your
head
when
listening
expresses
interest.
C.Leaning
back
and
forward
shows
you
are
thoughtful.
D.Eye
contact
is
very
important
in
communication.
4.Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Pay
Attention
to
Your
Body
Language
at
the
Office
B.How
to
Get
Along
With
Your
Co-workers
C.The
Meaning
of
Body
Language
You
Should
Know
D.Different
Countries
Have
Different
Body
Language
二、七选五
?
Many
countries
have
traditional
dishes,
made
with
special
ingredients
and
prepared
in
a
certain
way.
①_____________,
and
when
tourists
visit,
these
are
the
foods
they
want
to
try.
But
why
are
some
foods
more
popular
than
others
in
certain
areas?
???
Traditional
ingredients
???
Typical
recipes
(食谱)
are
usually
made
with
native
plant
and
animal
products.
For
example,
Chinese
dishes
often
include
rice
and
soybeans
because
both
plants
are
native
to
East
Asia
and
grow
well
in
hot,
wet
areas.
In
contrast,
wheat
grows
well
in
drier
areas,
like
the
Middle
East,
where
bread
is
a
common
staple
food.
②_____________,
whereas
inland
cuisines
tend
to
use
more
meat
from
farm
animals.
???
Food
preservation
???
Local
cuisines
often
depend
on
how
people
traditionally
prepared
food
for
storage.
In
warm
weather,
meat
and
fish
can
go
off
quickly,
so
they
must
be
cooked
right
away
or
preserved
for
later.?③_____________
For
that
reason,
modern
Norwegian
cuisine
includes
many
smoked
foods.
???
Cooking
techniques
????④_____________.
In
China,
people
often
fry
food
in
a
deep
metal
pan
or
steam
it
in
a
basket
over
hot
water.
In?Morocco,
people
cook
traditional
dishes
in
a
special
pot
called
a
tajine.
And
some
local
dishes
aren't
cooked
at
all.
???
Imported
(进口的)
ingredients
???
Sometimes
local
cuisines
include
ingredients
that
originally
came
from
another
place.
⑤_____________,
while
many
Russian
dishes
are
made
with
potatoes.
However,
all
of
these
ingredients
were
brought
to
Europe
from
South
America
in
the
fifteenth
and
sixteenth
centuries.
But
now
they
are
common
around
the
world.
A.?Seafood
is
often
a
key
ingredient
in
coastal
areas
B.?There
is
a
danger
that
local
food
traditions
will
be
lost
C.?Many
different
cooking
techniques
are
used
around
the
world
D.?For
example,
Italian
dishes
often
include
tomatoes
and
peppers
E.?These
local
dishes
can
become
symbols
of
a
place
and
its
culture
F.?Nowadays,
we
can
buy
food
products
from
all
around
the
world
G.?In
Norway,
the
Vikings
used
to
"cure"
meat
and
fish
by
smoking
them
over
a
fire
三、完形填空
???
As
a
banker,
Chip
Paillex
had
never
planted
so
much
until
he
moved
to
rural
Pittstown.
??
1??
?by
farms,
he
quickly
became
interested
in
growing
and
rented
a
30-by-30-foot
piece
of
land.
One
weekend,
he????2
??
a
large
number
of
tomatoes,
potatoes
and
eggplants.
???
He
ended
up
with
so
much????3
??
that
he
couldn't
give
it
away.
Thus
he
founded
a
local
food????4
??,
and
by
the
time
he
delivered
his
last
harvest,
he
had????5
??
120
pounds
of
fresh
vegetables.
???
The
following
year,
with
a
handful
of????6
??
from
"America's
Grow-a-Row",
Paillex
planted,????7
??,
and
harvested
2,500
pounds
of
vegetables,
all
of
which
were
donated
to
the
food
bank.
Later
he
had
more
volunteers,
rented
more
land
and
donated
more
vegetables.
???
Paillex
also
welcomes
local
school
kids.
On
a
Friday
morning,
40
third
and
fifth
graders
trooped
onto
a
freshly
ploughed
field,
each????8
??
with
a
spade(铁揪).
Squatting
or
kneeling
in
teams
of
two,
they
loosened
the
dirt,
then
carefully
positioned
the
plants.
Several
rows
later,
they
eagerly
lined
up
to
seed
corn
under
a
hot
mid-morning
sun.
Nobody????9
??.
???
"The
??
10
??
makes
kids
know
there
are
people
??
11
??,"
says
Paillex,
"and
it
plants
the
seed
for
giving
back.
When
they
become
tomorrow's
??
12
??,
it
will
be
much
more
possible
for
them
to
??
13
??
their
co-workers
and
employees
to
get
involved
in
something
like
this."
???
"Paillex
makes
people
want
to
??
14
??,"
says
Colleen
Duerr,
a
mother
of
two
who
has
signed
on
as
an
??
15
???"Grow-a-Row"
member.
"And
families
love
this.
Paillex
has
given
us
a
way
to
raise
our
kids
with
a
giving
heart."
1.A.Trapped????
B.Occupied????
C.Prevented????
D.Surrounded
2.A.put
aside????
B.planted
out????
C.wrapped
up????
D.got
in
3.A.advice????
B.produce????
C.cost????
D.equipment
4.A.bank????
B.market????
C.shop????
D.room
5.A.donated????
B.sold????
C.found????
D.kept
6.A.neighbours????
B.employees????
C.volunteers????
D.tourists
7.A.delivered????
B.stored????
C.bought????
D.tended
8.A.compared????
B.combined????
C.filled????
D.armed
9.A.laughed????
B.complained????
C.worked????
D.competed
10.A.programme????
B.example????
C.lesson????
D.thought
11.A.at
war????
B.in
anger????
C.on
business????
D.in
need
12.A.farmers????
B.workers????
C.leaders????
D.owners
13.A.force????
B.encourage????
C.beg????
D.wait
14.A.grow????
B.relax????
C.settle????
D.help
15.A.unpaid????
B.unexpected????
C.unseen????
D.unknown
四、语法填空
??
Kung
Pao
Chicken
is
a
traditional
Chinese
dish?and
famous
for
its
richness
and
variety
and
regarded
by
many
people
as
the
most
popular
Chinese
dish?①
___?(international).
You
can
find
it
in
almost
any
Chinese
restaurant
overseas.
Its??②___?(
popular)
has
made
it
a
name
card
for
Chinese
cuisine
(菜肴).
Its
flavour
combines?
sourness,?sweetness
and
spiciness
(辛辣),
with
the
first
two
as
the
major
ones.?
It's
a
good
choice
for
the
feast
on
Spring
Festival
Eve,?③
___
most
Chinese
families
enjoy
time
together.
???
Kung
Pao
Chicken
is
a
dish
from
Sichuan
cuisine,?④___
it
originated
from
Lu
cuisine
in
Shandong
Province.
The
dish
is
believed?⑤___
(be)
the
creation
of
Ding
Baozhen,
an
official
during
the
Qing
Dynasty.
Ding?⑥___
(serve)
as
an
official
in
Shandong
Province
and
later
in
Sichuan
Province.
He
favoured
peanuts
and
spicy
food,?so
he
improved
the
Shandong
dish
Jiang
Bao
Chicken
by?⑦___?(add)
chilli
peppers
to
it.
After
he
came
to
Sichuan,
the
dish
was
popularised.
????⑧___
dish
spreads
so
widely
that
it's
been
localised
in
various
places.
Some
people
even
use
meat
instead?⑨___
chicken
to
cook
this
dish.
When
it
went
to
the
West,
the
people
there
also
improved
it
according
to?⑩___
(they)
own
preferences.
五、写作
1.假设你是高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信说他在英国学校参加了中国书法俱乐部。擅长书法的你决定写一幅书法作品寄给他,并附上一封信,信的内容包括:
???
1.?该作品的内容;
???
2.?送该作品的原因;
???
3.?表示愿意提供帮助。
注意:
???
1.?词数80左右;
???
2.?可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
提示词:书法calligraphy
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
???
Last
Sunday
afternoon,
Sandra
and
I
were
eager
to
meet
up
with
a
man
on
Detroit's
east
side
to
help
him
get
ready
for
a
job
interview
this
week.
But
on
the
way,
we
spotted
a
dog
lying
near
the
road
next
to
his
owner.
We
thought
he’d
been
hit
by
a
car.
My
friend,
Sandra
Abrahamian,
and
I
had
assisted
animal
rescue
groups
before
and
we
thought
there
might
be
something
we
could
do,
so
we
quickly
pulled
over
to
help.
???
His
owner,
a
woman
told
us
the
dog's
name
is
Bosco,
and
she
was
walking
him
over
a
mile
in
the
heat
to
her
new
home.
She
said
Bosco
was
an
outside
dog
and
no
one
would
give
him
a
ride
to
her
new
place.
That's
why
she
and
a
friend
decided
to
walk
the
entire
way.
He
was
going
from
a
life
on
a
chain
in
one
backyard
to
another.
She
said
Bosco
was
having
trouble
breathing
along
the
way,
but
they
thought
he
could
make
it.
But
just
a
block
away
from
their
destination,
Bosco
fell
down.
We
could
tell
he
was
suffering
from
heatstroke
(中暑).
She
told
us
he
had
thrown
up
and
could
no
longer
stand.
Bosco
was
out
of
breath
quickly;
his
drool
(口水)
was
also
thick.
Bosco's
owner
said
she
wanted
to
give
him
away
because
she
didn't
have
time
for
him.
She
said
he
would
never
be
allowed
into
her
new
"home"
because
her
children
have
allergies
(过敏症)
and
she
worried
he
would
dirty
the
carpet.
???
I
made
a
call
to
Kristina
Rinaldi
of
Detroit
Dog
Rescue
to
ask
if
they
could
help
Bosco
because
it
was
clear
that
he
was
going
to
die
without
emergency
care.
To
our
happiness,
Rinaldi
said
they
could
help.
At
once
she
told
the
people
at
Oakland
Veterinary
Referral
Services
that
a
dog
which
needed
critical
care
was
being
rushed
in
and
they
must
be
ready
to
try
their
best
to
save
him.
Paragraph
1
:
Sandra
drove
while
I
stayed
in
the
back
seat
trying
to
comfort
Bosco.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2
:
So
Bosco
is
now
being
called
Roscoe,
whose
critical
care
and
recovery
were
estimated
to
be
several
thousand
dollars.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-3.CBB
解析：1.细节理解题。由第二段的A
special
type
of
soil
that
is
good
for
growing
mushrooms
is
easily
available.可知,适合用来种植蘑菇的特殊土壤很容易获得。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。由第一段的Some
people
are
lucky
and
can
grow
the
fruit
and
vegetables
in
the
gardens
that
they
have.
While
getting
fresh
vegetables,
they
can
also
achieve
great
cost
cutting.可知,有些人很幸运,可以在花园种植蔬菜和水果,他们在获得新鲜蔬菜的同时,也可以削减成本。由此可知作者支持在花园种蔬菜,故选B项。
3.主旨大意题。文章讲述了种植蘑菇的方法及好处,自己种蘑菇很容易也很有趣,不需要太多的工具,也不需要很高的水平。故选B项。
2.答案：1-4.CDCA
解析：1.细节理解题。由文章首段可知,建立种子库是为了解决粮食作物多样性减少的问题,故选C项。
2.推理判断题。由文章第二、三段可知,世界上现有的种子库由于各种原因难以保存好种子。为解决这一问题,全球农作物多样化信托基金决定建立全球种子库,该种子库可以为种子提供更好的环境。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由文章第四段中的They
pay
to
ship
their
seeds
to
Norway,
but
it
does
not
cost
them
any
money
to
store
their
seeds.
The
Global
Crop
Diversity
Trust
pays
for
this.可知,在全球种子库保存种子是不需要付费的,故选C项。
4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段卡里·福勒所说的话“If
the
Seed
Vault
simply
supplies
seed
banks
with
copies
of
seeds
that
those
banks
lost
by
accident,
the
Seed
Vault
will
be
worth
more
than
it
cost.”可知,他认为种子库很重要,故选A项。
3.答案：1-4
ABCC
解析：1.细节理解题.根据第一段中的
...these
winds
swept
up
the
soil
of
the
over-farmed
land
and
created
serious
sandstorms
of
dust...
called
the
Dust
Bowl.
可知,过度开垦使大风卷走了土壤,形成了严重的沙尘暴,把大平原变成了
"灰碗",
故选A项.
2.词义猜测题.根据画线词后的
thousands
of
acres
of
grassland
and
planted
wheat
可知,随着农用拖拉机的发明,农民开垦了数千英亩的草地,种上了小麦,由此可知画线词是指
"开垦草地来种小麦",故选.B项.
3.推理判断题.根据第三段内容可知
plowing
up
the
grassland
→
destroyed
the
land's
natural
protection
against
soil
erosion
→
Crops
dried
up
and
were
blown
away
为因果关系,因此本段是以探究原因和结果的方法展开的,故选C项.
4.主旨大意题.通读最后两段内容可知,最后两段分别从环境和人类生存两个方面介绍了美国大平原地区被过度开垦后所产生的一系列后果,故选C项.
4.答案：1-4.ACDA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句It
is
said
that
our
body
movements
communicate
about
50%
of
what
we
really
mean
while
words
themselves
only
do
7%.可知,肢体语言在交流中比话语更多地表达了我们的真实意思,所以说本段在讲肢体语言的重要性,故选A项。
2.词义猜测题。根据后面的it
shows
that
you
have
a
peaceful
purpose.
It
means
acceptance,
and
that
you're
open
to
new
ideas可知,画线词意为“亲切的;友好的”,与friendly同义,故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据第五段中Don't
have
a
bad
handshake.和Be
careful
of
the
dead
fish
handshake.可知A项错误;根据最后一段中的you
think
you
are
expressing
interest
by
leaning
your
head
when
you
are
listening
to
others,
but
you
actually
come
across
as
if
you
don't
understand
what's
going
on可知B项错误;C项文中没有提及;根据第四段中的Don't
avoid
eye
contact.
Eyes
can
speak.可知D项正确。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段尾句The
following
are
some
tips
on
what
you
should
not
do
when
using
body
language
at
your
office.可知,文章讲的是在办公室运用肢体语言需要注意的事项。故选A项。
二、
答案：EAGCD
解析：①根据上文Many
countries
have
traditional
dishes,
made
with
special
ingredients
and
prepared
in
a
certain
way.(许多国家都有传统的菜肴,它们用特殊的食材制成,并以某种方式烹制)和下文and
when
tourists
visit,
these
are
the
foods
they
want
to
try(当游客参观时,这些是他们想要尝试的食物)可知,该空承接上文,E选项“这些地方菜可以成为一个地方及其文化的象征”切题,故选E项。
②根据下文whereas
inland
cuisines
tend
to
use
more
meat
from
farm
animals(然而,内陆的菜则倾向于使用更多家畜肉)可知,该空引出下文,A选项“海产品通常是沿海地区(菜肴)的关键食材”切题,故选A项。
③根据下文For
that
reason,
modern
Norwegian
cuisine
includes
many
smoked
foods.(因此,现代挪威菜包括许多烟熏食品)可知,该空引出下文,G选项“在挪威,维京人过去常常在火上用烟来熏肉和鱼以保存它们”切题,故选G项。
④根据下文In
China,
people
often
fry
food
in
a
deep
metal
pan
or
steam
it
in
a
basket
over
hot
water.
In
Morocco,
people
cook
traditional
dishes
in
a
special
pot
called
a
tajine.
And
some
local
dishes
aren't
cooked
at
all.(在中国,人们通常在深金属锅里炸食物或在热水上用篮子蒸食物。在摩洛哥,人们在一种叫塔吉的特殊的锅里做传统的菜。还有一些地方菜根本不用烹饪)可知,该空引出下文,C选项“世界各地使用许多不同的烹饪技术”切题,故选C项。
⑤根据下文while
many
Russian
dishes
are
made
with
potatoes(许多俄罗斯菜是土豆做的)可知,该空承上启下,D选项“例如,意大利菜通常包括番茄和甜椒”切题,故选D项。
三、
答案：1-5.DBBAA;
6-10.CDDBA;
11-15.DCBDA
解析：1.根据下文he
quickly
became
interested
in
growing
and
rented
a
30-by-30-foot
piece
of
land可知,他被农场包围着,故选D项。
2.根据上文的he
quickly
became
interested
in
growing可知,此处是指他种植了很多西红柿、土豆和茄子。put
aside
意为“把……放在一边”;plant
out意为“把(幼苗)移植到户外”;wrap
up意为“包起来”;get
in意为“进入”。故选B项。
3.前面提到的tomatoes,
potatoes
and
eggplants
都属于农产品,故选B项。
4.根据下文all
of
which
were
donated
to
the
food
bank可知,他建立了一家当地粮食银行,故选A项。
5.根据下文all
of
which
were
donated
to
the
food
bank可知,他建立了一家当地粮食银行,故选A项。
6.根据下文Later
he
had
more
volunteers,
rented
more
land
and
donated
more
vegetables.可知,此处是指他让一些志愿者帮他的忙,故选C项。
7.根据空后的and
harvested
2,500
pounds
of
vegetables,
all
of
which
were
donated
to
the
food
bank可知,此处是指帕耶种植、照料并收获了2,500磅的蔬菜,故选D项。
8.根据空后的
with
a
spade可知,此处是指每个孩子都配备了铁锹。arm
sb
with
sth意为“为某人配备某物”。故选D项。
9.根据上文的Several
rows
later,
they
eagerly
lined
up
to
seed
corn
under
a
hot
mid-morning
sun.可知,此处是说没有人抱怨,故选B项。
10.根据上文可知,孩子们参与了种植的项目,故选A项。
11.根据语境可知,此处指这个世界上有很多需要帮助的人。in
need意为“有困难的;有需要的”。故选D项。
12.根据下文的it
will
be
much
more
possible
for
them
to
__________
their
co-workers
and
employees
to
get
involved
in
something
like
this可知,这些都是等到他们成为领导者的时候做的事情,故选C项。
13.根据语境可知,此处是指当他们成为领导者的时候,就更有可能鼓励同事和职员参与这样的事情。故选B项。
14.根据下文的“And
families
love
this.
Paillex
has
given
us
a
way
to
raise
our
kids
with
a
giving
heart.”可知,帕耶让人们学会帮助他人,故选D项。
15.根据第三段中的The
following
year,
with
a
handful
of
_________
from
"America's
Grow-a-Row"以及Later
he
had
more
volunteers
可知,这个组织的成员是没有报酬的,故选A项。
四、
答案：①internationally
②popularity
③when
④but/yet
⑤to
be
⑥served
⑦adding
⑧The
⑨of
⑩their
解析：①句意为:宫保鸡丁是一道传统的中国菜,以其丰富多样而闻名,被许多人认为是国际上最受欢迎的中国菜.设空处作状语,应用副词.故填
internationally.
②Its
在句中是形容词性物主代词,后面应用名词,故填
popularity.
③句意为:这是年夜饭上一个很好的选择,除夕之夜时大多数中国家庭都在一起享受时光.此处,
___
most
Chinese
families
enjoy
time
together
是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词
Spring
Festival
Eve,
关系词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,故填
when.
④句意为:宫保鸡丁是一道川菜,但它起源于山东省的鲁菜.前后分句之间是转折关系,故填
but/yet.
⑤句意为:这道菜被认为是清朝官员丁宝桢发明的.
sth
is
believed
to
do...
意为
"某物被认为做.....
".
故填
to
be.
⑥句意为:丁宝桢先后在山东省和四川省为官.
serve
是谓语动词,叙述的是过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时.
serve
as
意为
"担任,充当",
故答案为
served.
⑦句意为:他喜欢吃花生和辛辣的食物,所以他通过在鲁菜酱爆鸡丁中加入辣椒来对其进行改良.
by
doing
sth
意为
"通过做某事",
此处用动名词作介词宾语,故答案为
adding.
⑧句意为:这道菜流传甚广,以至于各地有各地的做法.此处是特指宫保鸡丁这道菜,故填
The.
⑨instead
of
为固定搭配,意为
"代替;而不是".
故填
of.
⑩修饰名词
preferences
应用形容词性物主代词.故填
their.
五、
1.答案：
Dear
Jim,
???
I
am
glad
to
know
that
you
have
joined
your
school's
calligraphy
club.
The
calligraphy
piece
sent
to
you
was
written
by
myself.
I
really
hope
you
will
like
it.
???
The
Chinese
characters
on
the
piece
are
"天道酬勤"(Tian
Dao
Chou
Qin),
meaning
"Hard
work
pays
off."
It
is
a
well-known
Chinese
idiom,
widely
adopted
as
a
motto
by
Chinese
people.
I
hope
it
can
serve
as
an
encouragement
to
you
at
all
times.
I
wrote
this
piece
in
the
calligraphic
style
of
my
favorite
calligrapher,
Yan
Zhenqing,
a
renowned
master
of
the
Tang
Dynasty.
His
style
is
kaishu,
a
standard
script,
suitable
for
beginners.
I
guess
maybe
it
is
the
style
that
you
are
practising.
???
I
know
it
is
not
easy
to
learn
Chinese
calligraphy.
If
you
have
any
problems
during
your
study,
I
would
be
happy
to
help
you.
I
sincerely
hope
you
enjoy
learning
Chinese
calligraphy.
Yours,
Li
Hua
2.答案：
Paragraph
1:
???
Sandra
drove
while
I
stayed
in
the
back
seat
trying
to
comfort
Bosco.
I
thought
we
lost
him
a
couple
of
times
when
he
was
seemingly
out
of
breath
and
his
eyes
seemed
to
close.
By
the
time
we
arrived,
Bosco
was
wheeled
into
the
animal
care
center
to
receive
emergency
care.
Bosco
was
put
on
oxygen
and
was
taken
good
care
of
by
staff
there
and
we
waited
anxiously
for
the
dog
to
get
out
of
danger.
Rinaldi
said
another
dog
in
Detroit
Dog
Rescue
had
already
been
named
Bosco,
and
sbe
wanted
this
new
member
to
have
a
new
name
for
his
new
life.
Paragraph
2:
???
So
Bosco
is
now
being
called
Roscoe,
whose
critical
care
and
recovery
were
estimated
to
be
several
thousand
dollars.
It
would
be
difficult
for
Roscoe's
new
home
to
cover
the
costs
as
a
non-profit
organisation.
Thankfully,
many
people
who
knew
Roscoe's
story
on
Detroit
Dog
Rescue's
Facebook
page
donated
money
to
his
care.
With
the
help
of
supporters,
Detroit
Dog
Rescue
managed
to
make
it.
Once
Roscoe
was
in
a
stable
state,
Sandra
and
I
returned
to
our
original
mission,
knowing
we
had
already
been
given
the
chance
to
help
one
desperate
soul.
