2011-2012译林牛津版英语高二上模块六 unit4：（04）Grammar and Usage（北京101中学）

2011-2012译林牛津版英语高二上模块六 unit4：（04）Grammar and Usage（北京101中学）
Grammar and Usage
课堂链接
一、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气
a. It is important/ necessary/ strange……that sb. (should) do sth.
It is important that theory should be closely combined with practice.
It is strange that she should have left with the light still on.
b. It is (high) time that sb. did sth.
It’s time that we were off.
It’s high time we went to the laboratory.
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
a.除课本中提到的wish外，prefer,和would rather等所接宾语从句，表示不能实现的主观愿望时，从句的谓语动词也用虚拟结构，通常有三种形式
① 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式。
②表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成式 （ had done ）。
③表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句谓语动词用情态动词( would/ could)+do
How I wish I you didn’t play so much computer games and worked hard.
I’d rather you had come to the chat room ten minutes ago and joined us in the discussion.
b.用在表示坚持、建议、命令或请求（advise, suggest, order, request, demand…）等动词后，从句谓语动词用should +do, should 可以省略。注意： 当suggest表示“说明/ 暗示”、insist表示“坚持说”除外。
We suggested that he (should) go to the hospital to have his blood examined.
The captain ordered his soldiers (should ) be stationed at the foot of the mountain.
The request that the problem (should ) be discussed at the meeting.
He insisted he had never stolen anything.
What he said suggested that he was angry.
3. 表语从句中的虚拟语气
表示坚持、建议、命令或请求（advice, suggestion, order……）等名词作句子主语，表语从句的谓语动词用should +do, should 可以省略
My suggestion is that we (should ) start early next morning.
His request is that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
4. 同位语从句中的虚拟语气
表示坚持‘建议、命令或请求（advice, suggestion, order……）等名词的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should +do, should 可以省略
He made a suggestion that we ( should) turn to our teacher for help.
The order that all the villagers ( should) leave the hall at once was turned down.
二、虚拟语气在倒装句中的应用
一般情况下虚拟条件可以省略if，将从句的谓语或谓语的一部分置于句首构成倒装
Had you come here 5 minutes earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have our PE lesson inside the newly-built stadium.
Had I had some time, I would go to the concert with you.
Were Peter in town now, he would come to help us right now
限时训练
II　虚拟语气专项训练（10分钟）
1. If he _______ not come tomorrow, we _______ the meeting till next Monday.
A. were, would put off B. should, would put off
C. doesn’t would have put off D. did, would have put off
2 It is requested that the manager _______ the plan at once.
A. working out B. to work out C. work out D. would work out
3 It’s astonishing that she ______ that sort of things.
A. had done B. should have done C. has done D. did
4. It’s strange that he ______ to see the film.
A. didn’t go B. hadn’t gone C. not to go D. not have gone
5. _______ be sent to work there
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
6. I insisted that a doctor _______ immediately.
A. had been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
7. The commander ordered the soldiers _________ here for the night.
A. stayed B. stay C. would stay D. had stayed
8. His pale face suggested that he _______frightened.
A. be B. was C. would be D. were
9 I wish I ________ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
10. How I wish every family _________ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
11. I wish I ________ to the moon some day.
A. fly B. could fly C. flied D. will
12. Don’t always make noise. I’d rather you _________ silent.
A. Keep B. can keep C. kept D. to keep
13. She rejected my suggestion that I _______ her.
A. shall marry B. should marry C. could marry D. ought to marry
14. His proposal is that all the students ________ to see the film.
A. not to go B. not go C. didn’t go D. never to go
15. They made a request that the problem ______ at the meeting.
A. will discuss B. will be discussed C. should discuss D. be discussed
Answers: 1-5 BCBDA 6-10 DBBCB 11-15 BCBBD
[解析]
1. B 由tomorrow可知是对将来情况的假设，其主从句中动词形式为：If + 主语＋ were to do/ should do/did, 主语+would + do…，故选Ｂ。
2. C “It is requested + that 从句”中that 从句中的动词应该用虚拟形式：(should)动词原形，故选Ｃ。
3. B “It is astonishing + that 从句”句型中，that从句应用虚拟语气。Should have done“竟然做……”,故选Ｂ。
4. D 虚拟语气用于“It’s strange + that 从句”中，应该用should + 动词原形。
5. A suggest表示“建议”，其后的从句中谓语动词应该用虚拟语气：should + 动词原形，　should 可省略，故选A。C、D句型不对，do you suggest 为插入语，应该放于疑问保有之后。
6. D insist意为“坚决认为”，其后从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词为(should) do。
7. B order后面宾语从句中动词用(should) do。
8. B suggest后面从句中动词有两种形式：表“建议”讲时，动词用(should) do；表“暗示”讲时，动词用过去的某种形式。本句中suggest意为“暗示，表明”，故选Ｂ。
9. C I wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，由yesterday可知是对过去事情的假设，动词形式应用had done，故选Ｃ。
10. B I wish后边从句中应用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句中动词应该用过去时。
11. B 与将来事实相反，从句中动词应该用could + do，故选Ｂ。
12. C would rather后的从句中动词要用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反时，动词应该用过去时。
13. B 考查虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用。Suggestion后的同位语从句应该使用should + do形式，故选Ｂ。
14. B proposal后边的表语从句用虚拟语气，即should not + do。
15. D request后边的同位语从句中用虚拟语气即should + do。
II. Translation（10分钟）
1. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。
2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。
3. ---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？
---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。
4．如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这么困了。
5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。
Answers:
1. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.
2. He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
3．— Would you have called her up had it been possible
—Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.
4．If you hadn’t seen that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.
5．Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.
虚拟语气（补充训练）
1. Convinced that computers are the key to success, parents are insisting that children ______ to use them in school—as early as possible.（2006湖北）
A. must be taught B. ought to be taught C. be taught D. would be taught
2. —Your sister nearly ______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.(2006全国)
—That’s right, or she _______ first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.
A. devoted; wouldn’t have taken B. spent; wouldn’t have taken
C. hadn’ t devoted; hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn’t take
3. If she _______ medicine earlier, she _______ ill now.(2005江苏)
A. takes; won’t be B. took; wouldn’t be
C. had taken; wouldn’t be D. had taken; wouldn’t have been
4. —Where have you been
—I ________ in the heavy traffic. Otherwise I _______ here earlier. (2005湖北)
A. have got stuck; would have come B. got stuck; was
C. got stuck; would come D. had to stuck; would come
5. _______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to ______ the picnic.(2003上海春季)
A. Would; put forward B. Should; call off C. Were; put off D. Should; put up
6. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(2002上海)
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
7. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.(2002上海)
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
8. —Don’t you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York
—I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.(2002上海春)
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
9. If I _______ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.(2001上海春季)
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
10. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _______ your advice.(2001上海春)
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
11. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of even, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
12. ________ be sent to work there
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
13. How I wish every family ________ large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
14. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
15. What would have happened, _______ as far as the river bank
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
Answers: 1-5 CACCB 6-10 BDBBC 11-15 BABDC
[ 解析]
1. Ｃ。考查虚拟语气。Insist表示“坚决主张，坚决要求”时，通常用insist that +主语＋(should)＋v. 句型，且children与teach为被动关系，故选Ｃ。
2. A。考查时态和虚拟语气。第一空根据时间状语用一般过去时，devote…to…“致力于，奉献于……”，第二空表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用would/wouldn’t have done，故选Ａ。
3. C。考查虚拟语气。这是错综时间条件句。从句与过去事实相反，故用had+ taken；主句和现在事实相反，故用wouldn’t be。故选Ｃ。
4. C。考查时态和虚拟语气。第一空为过去式，get stuck in “困于……，陷于……”，第二空由otherwise知是一种假设、虚拟，有earlier, 故用would have done。
5. Ｂ。考查虚拟语气。should 用于虚拟语气中表示“万一”，条件句省略了if，用倒装句式，主句用would＋动词原形，call off“取消”，put off推迟，故选Ｂ。
6. Ｂ。这道题是虚拟条件句的倒装。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should 或had 时，可省略if，再把were, should 或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。意思是“即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他福利也不会受到影响”。
7. Ｄ。as if 意为“好像，仿佛……似的”，所引导的从句如果表示真实情况，谓语动词用陈述语气。如果表示非真实情况，谓语动词用虚拟语气。因为Ｅliza所能想起的事都发生在过去，而不是发生在昨天，是非真实情况，所以要用虚拟语气。
8. B。it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语，necessary作宾语补足语时，从句的谓语要用“should+动词原形”或动词原形。what引导表语从句，作 has refused to 的宾语。
9. B。根据句意可判断出是虚拟语气，要用could。
10. C。if only意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，主要用于虚拟语气中，用以表达愿望或非真实条件。表示现在用一般过去时，表示过去用过去完成时，表示将来用过去将来时。
11. B。根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven是表示过去的时间状语，if 从句中谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。
12. A。suggest后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should do sth / be done 或者do/ be done。
13. B。wish后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，表示动作发生在现在时，宾语从句的谓语要用一般过去时。
14. D。otherwise常与虚拟语气连用，表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。句意为：在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。
15. C。根据主句的谓语动词would have happened，可以断定要用虚拟语气中。当条件状语从句中的if省略时，要倒装。句意为：如果鲍勃走得远一点，走到岸边，会发生什么事呢？
五、完形填空(18分钟)
Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column. She had been a school teacher before she retired( 退休), but she needed to keep 1 . She was even willing to work without pay. She then offered her 2 with a business that helped other businesses find jobs for old people. Every day she 3 other old folks like her. By talking with them, she 4 two things. Old people had abilities that were not 5 . But old people also had some 6 . She found a new purpose for herself then.
Though the years, she 7 to write stories about people for national magazines. There was now a new 8 : old people like herself. She began to write a newspaper column called “Sixty plus”, which was about 9 old. She writes about the problems of old people, especially their problems with being 10 .
Anna Douglas uses her 11 ability to see the truth behind a problem. She understands 12 problems begin. For example, one of her 13 said that his grandchildren 14 the houses as soon as he came to visit. Mrs. Douglas 15 some ways for him to understand his grandchildren.
“It’s important to know 16 about your grandchildren’s world, ” says Mrs. Douglas. “That means questioning and listening, and 17 is not what old people do best. Say good things to them and about them,” she continues. “Never try to 18 your grandchildren or other young people. Never 19 your opinion. Don’t tell them what they should do. 　___20 , they have been taught they should have respect for old people. The old should respect them as well.”
( )1. A free B. curious C. powerful D. busy
( )2. A. students B. money C. service D. books
( )3. A. observed B. met C. comforted D. answered
( )4. A. recognized B. followed C. enjoyed D. demanded
( )5. A. studied B. agreed C. realized D. used
( )6. A. mistakes B. characters C. questions D. problems
( )7. A. had B. ought C. used D. wanted
( )8. A. life B. subject C. way D. plan
( )9. A. getting B. respecting C. employing D. supporting
( )10. A. unknown B. refused C. discouraged D. misunderstood
( )11. A. thinking B. working C. painting D. reading
( )12. A. that B. What C. why D. whether
( )13. A. visitors B. listeners C. readers D. friends
( )14. A. rented B. entered C. passed D. left
( )15. A. invented B. designed C. updated D. suggested
( )16. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
( )17. A. speaking B. listening C. pleasing D. advising
( )18. A. praise B. trouble C. scold D. encourage
( )19. A. speak out B. give up C. take back D. stick up
( )20. A. Seldom B. Surprisingly C. Happily D. Commonly
Answers: 1-5 DCBAD 6-10 DCBAD 11-15 ACCDD 16-20 ABCDD
[解析]
1. 根据上下文可知：她退休了，但是她不想闲着，甚至没有报酬也想工作。
2. 根据上文的情形应是主动提供服务。
3.　根据文章内容提要得知：她的工作是为老人找工作，故得和老年人会面，交谈。met包含了observed, comforted, answered的活动。
4. recognized意为“认识到”。
5. 词语搭配use the ability。
6. 根据下文可知。
7. 根据下文可知：她以前给杂志写文章，现在给报刊专栏撰文。Used to do“过去常常，现在不这样了”。
8. subject 研究对象。
9. get old 变老。
10. 根据下文可知是遭到误解，故选misunderstood。
11. 根据文章内容可知：她是从与老年人的接触中通过分析发现了问题，这是思维能力。
12. 根据下文是分析原因，而不是事情的发展过程。故选why。
13. one of her readers她其中的一位读者。
14. 句意为：他一来，他的孙子就马上离开房子。
15. 根据下文可知是对解决问题的建议。
16. 根据常识是了解一些事情。
17. 根据上一句是listening.
18. scold 训斥。
19. stick to your opinion 坚持已见。
monly普遍地。
阅读填空:
When you are doing business in Argentina, either with the government or the private enterprises, the bargains play a very important part. Interview may be the best way to do business, because telephone service is not so good in Argentina, and people prefer to have a face-to-face talk with his associate. If you insist on using phone, you may fail. And another thing is that, book your time before your business visit.
Most of the Argentines are descendants of a European, especially from Britain and Italy.
People in political circles and business circles spend much time on clothing. They have good manners. So, be careful of your appearance. Gentlemen had better put on conservative business suits and have ties. Attending a formal bender and banquet, wearing deep color clothes should be good. Meanwhile, ladies should be decent; a suit or a long skirt is good. These rules are the same with the visitors from other places. Foreigners are used to judging one from his clothes. If you wear untidy, they must have an inappreciative conclusion.
Clothes are the base of their judgments. So, when you visit a company of a department, even you have a visit to your merchant, you need to wear business suit. The color of the suit is important. The grey color is unpopular, as it feels gloomy. Wearing this to have a visit, you will leave very bad impression. Another noticeable thing is, the popular packing colors are yellow, green and red, as black, purple and purple-brown must be careful.
The Argentines are like the Europeans. Beef, hotpot and pork are their favorite, and they treat baking complete animals as their traditional food. The Argentine businessmen like to invite the associates to their home. The authentic Argentine beef must be on the table. As a guest, when you have an invitation, it must be wonderful if you take some flowers or candies with you, a bottle of imported whiskey is also the best present. Never take a T-shirt or a tie. Argentines don’t like to accept these underclothes.
From May to November, it is the best time to do business. And avoid having interviews two weeks before and after Christmas Day and Easter Day. Holiday time begins in January and finishes in March. These are the right time to do business with Argentines.
1. Business Doings and Taboos(禁忌) in Argentina.
Aspects Dos 2.Don’ts (Taboos)
Bargains To interview your business partnerTo make 3. an appointment before your business visit Just depend on telephonePay a(n) 4. sudden / unbooked / unexpected visit
5. Appearance GentlemenTo wear conservative6. suits with tiesLadies Have on suits or long skirts Wear 7. untidy
Colour for clothes Yellow, 8. green and red clothes makes you well-received To be in grey color To be in black, purple and purple-brown
Food Beef, hotpot and pork9. Baked complete animals Not mentioned
Time To arrange business:From May to NovemberFrom 10. January to March To arrange business:Two weeks before and after Christmas Day and Easter Day
【解析】
1. 概括归纳题。从文章中我们发现主要谈论商务礼仪。故填Business。
2. 概括归纳题。对应前面的Dos结合下面表格内容，应填Don’ ts或Taboos。
3. 技能考查题。将book time换成另一种说法，即make an appointment。
4. 能力考查题。既然要预约，就不能突然造访。
5. 概括归纳题。文章中有“So, be careful of your appearance.”的提示。
6. 信息整合题。将第三段Gentlemen had better put on conservative business suits and have with ties.
整合成三字之内的词组，最简形式为suits with ties。
7. 信息查找题。第三段末有信息“…if you wear untidy.”
8. 信息考查题。第四段末句the popular colors are yellow, green and red, 即受欢迎的包括为黄、绿、红三色，注意题中well-received也是受欢迎之意。
9. 技能考查题。文中有treat baking complete animals as…，显然阿根廷人喜欢吃baked complete animals。
10. 信息考查题。由文章最后两句可知。