2011-2012译林牛津版英语高二上模块六 unit4：（05）Task and project（北京101中学）

2011-2012译林牛津版英语高二上模块六 unit4：（05）Task and project（北京101中学）
Task and project
课堂链接
【疑难解释】
Unfortunately, if the pump breaks down, the repairing of the pump takes several days,…(P59)
不幸的是，如果水泵坏了，它的修理需要几天时间。
break down
1) 损坏
The car broke down.车抛锚了。
　His health broke down.他的身体垮了。
2) 失败，破裂
　The plan broke down.计划失败了。
　The peace talk has broken down.和平谈判已经破裂。
重点提示：break down作上述意义为不及物词组，无被动语态。
break 常用短语：
break away vt./vi. 断掉；拆除；剪掉； 与……断绝关系(from)
break in vi. 强行闯入；打岔
break into vt. 闯入，进入
break off vt. 折断，拆掉；vi. 停止说话，稍事休息
break out vi. 突然发生， 爆发
break through vt./vi. 突破（障碍）
break up vt./vi. 击碎，拆散； 结束；终止； （与）人分
① The pickpocket broke away from the policeman who was holding his arm.扒手挣脱抓住他手臂的警察逃脱了。
② Fire broke out in the neighborhood last night. 昨晚附近发生了火灾。
③ Thieves broke into last night and stole the jewelry.昨晚小偷闯进来，偷走了珠宝。
News reports say peace talks between the two countries 　Ａ　　with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down B. have broken out
C. have broken in D. have broken up
The computer system A suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.(2006辽宁)
A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in
【变式演练】
1) News reports say peace talks between the two countries A with no agreement reached. （2003全国）
A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up
2) I was still sleeping when the fire A , and then it spread quickly. (2006 广东)
A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out
3) We’re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we B your number incorrectly. (2006 浙江)
A. looked up B. took down C. worked out D. brought about
2. Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages and again no one has the means to pay for them. (P59)
村里由于没有医生和护士医疗服务受到限制，并且也没有办法支付报酬。
means / method / way
means是名词，表示“方法，工具，手段”，单复数相同，主要指为达到某个目的或目标而采取的手段、方法，也指具体的工具、器械，尤指通讯、交通工具。结构为：
the means to do sth.
the means of doing sth.
by means of sth.
What is the best means to realize our purpose 实现我们的目的最好方法是什么？
Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想是靠语言表达的。
2) method 常指系统的、逻辑的方法或办法。
They adopted the same method.他们采用了同样的方法。
The new scientific method has been widely used.这种新的科学方法已被广泛运用。
3) way是一般用语，指解决问题的具体办法或途径，也指“道路，路”。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
We’ve got to think out a way to explain it.我们得想出一种解决它的方法。
means常用短语:
by all means无论如何，务必；(表示答应)好的，当然可以
by any means无论如何
by means of 用(以)依靠(借着)by no means 一点也不
by some means or other想尽办法
live within/beyond one’s means 过着量入为出(过着入不敷出)的生活
1) I’m by no means certain to win.(by no means/not by any means = not at all) 我一点没把握能赢。
2) I have a copy of the report on my desk. By all means have a look at it. 我桌子上有篇报告，你当然可以看看。
3) He got up to the roof by means of a ladder.他梯子爬到房顶上。
【变式演练】
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means D with my progress.（2006重庆）
　A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied　　
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
3. Looking out for bullets and running from one place to another became a way of life. (P62) 躲避枪林弹雨， 辗转奔波已经成了家常便饭。
Here “looking out for bullets and running from one place to another” act as the subject of the sentence. That is, v-ing form acts as the subject.
动名词作主语
因为主语是由具有名词性质的词来充当，动名词具有这一性质，可以当句子的主语。动名词作主语时谓语动词须为单数。及物动词作主语时可以有自己的宾语。如：
Seeing her daughter making great progress made the mother feel happy. 看见女儿取得很大进步使母亲感到很高兴。
Having lost her only daughter in the street drove the mother mad.
在街上丢了独生女使妈妈发了疯。
Being loved by all his students is the best feeling a teacher can ever have.
被自己所有的学生所喜爱是一个老师所能曾经拥有的最好的感受。
Her having been lost in the forest several years ago often make her have terrible dreams.
她几年前在森林中迷路的事情经常使她做噩梦。
【变式演练】
1） D the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (2003 春季上海)
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
2) C to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (2002 上海)
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
2. One of the health problems is that people who have regular medication cannot get hold of it in a disaster such as this,… (P62) 影响到健康的问题之一是，那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的洪灾后很难得到药品，……
hold vt. 拿(抱)；保持；举行；容纳；担任
1) Hold tight, everybody! There’s a ditch in front. 大家站稳了！前面有条沟。
2) Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold, too cold for us to live.没有空气阻挡太阳的热量，那地球的夜晚将会很冷——冷得我们无法生存。
3) Rebel troops held the village.判军占领了那个村庄。
【思维拓展】
hold 常用短语：
catch/get/lay/seize/take/keep hold of vt. 捕捉，获得
hold back vt. 缩回；制止，阻止；抑制（感情等）
hold on vi. 继续，持续； 坚持下去；（打电话）不挂断
hold on to vt. 抓住，固守
hold out vt. 伸出； 继续 vi. 食品等持续
hold up vt. 举起；阻止，使延误
lose hold of vt. 松手放走；失去……的线索
hold together (使)连在一起，(使)团结一致
1) I don’t hold with his ideas.我不同意他的观点。
2) She held out her hand to Ned.她把手抻给了内德。（hold out 把……伸给）
3) This city had held out for thirteen years.这座城市坚持不投降达十三年之久。(hold out坚持不投降，对抗)
4) The Three Gorges Dam holds back a 29 billion cubic metres reservoir.三峡大坝能蓄水290亿立方米。
5) Hold on, I’m not ready yet. 等会儿，我还没有准备好呢。
6)Your book is so old that it will not hold together.你的书旧得不能订在一起了。
7) Our flight was held up by fog.我们的班机因有雾而停航。
【变式演练】
1）We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to A it. It might be valuable. ( 2002全国)
A. hold on to B. keep up with 　 C. turn to 　　　 D. look after
2）We want to rent a bus which can B 40 people for our trip to Beijing. (2006 天津)
A. load B. hold 　　 C. fill D. support
4．It’s quite horrible to imagine losing everything, including some of your family. (P63) 想象失去一切， 甚至包括你的家人， 是非常可怕的事情。
imagine是及物动词，意为“想象，设想，料想”，结构为：
imagine (sb.) doing sth.
imagine sb. (/ oneself ) + 补足语（名词，分词，不定式）
imagine sb. (/ oneself ) as
imagine + that 从句
imagine + what 从句
We can hardly imagine life without electricity.我们很难想象没有电生活会怎么样？
I can’t imagine living such a life.我无法设想过去这样的生活。
He likes to imagine himself a writer.他喜欢想象自己是个作家。
Imagine yourself to be on a lonely island.想象一下你自己在一个荒岛上。
He imagined himself as manager of the company.他把自己想象为公司的经理。
I imagine that he won’ t be able to come.我料想他不能来了。
I can’t imagine who the man is. 我想象不出这人是谁？
imaginable /imaginary 和 imaginative
1) imaginable 可以想象得到的
　This is the best means imaginable. 这是能想象到的最好的办法。
　You can create anything imaginable by using computers.使用计算机能够创造出任何能想象子网掩码东西。
2) imaginary虚构的，假想的。
　All the characters in this book are imaginary.本书中的所有人物都是虚构的。
3) imaginary富有想象力的，运用想象力的。
He is an imaginative child. 他是一个富有想象力的孩子。
The examiner was looking for imaginative answers.主考人希望找到具有想象力的答卷。
5. When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining MSF,…(P63) 回想起我参加“无国界医生组织”以来在全世界范围的所有经历…
think back回忆to remember sth. that happened in the past
1) It might help you to understand Elaine if you think back to when you were her age.
【思维拓展】
think of 考虑；思考; (= think about)
think out 想出；想通；想透；仔细考虑 (= think over)
think through 想透
think over仔细考虑一下(指想过了, 再想
think highly[much, no end, well]of...评价极高; 重视, 赞美; 器重, 看得起
think little [nothing] of 轻视, 满不在乎; 对...毫不考虑, 毫不踌躇
think aloud 自言自语
think twice 再三考虑，三思
①He always thinks of other people first.他总是先想到别人。
②I have been thinking over what you said.我一直在仔细思考你说的话。
③This plan is well thought out.这个计划考虑得很周到。
【变式演练】
—Thank you ever so much for your help.
— C .
A. Glad to hear that B. Not worth thanking C. Think nothing of it D. You’re too polite
限时训练
课文理解(10分钟)
I. Answer the following questions according to the text:
1. Why did the MFS nurse go to Africa
2. Where has the MSF nurse been to in Africa
3. Besides speaking English and French, how can Africans be communicated with
Answers: 1.Because of the flood.　　　2. Kenya and Sudan.　　3. Body language.
II. Read the passage again and try to judge whether the following statements are true or false.
1) Although there is too much work to do, she can still afford to write her diary every day.
2) The town is in ruins, but fortunately the hospital remains in good condition and usable.
3) Before working in this island, she has never worked in poor areas.
4) There are altogether five people on the medical team ,two doctors , one nurse and two assistants.
5) She worried that malnutrition will be a problem in the future because the fields and harvest have been destroyed.
6) Several MSF staff were attacked as people tried to get the food in Sudan.
Answers
1) F 2) F 3)F 4)T 5) T 6)T
I. Translate the following sentences into English. (10分钟)
1. 整个岛屿都遭遇了洪水的侵袭。
____________________________________________________________
2. 这儿的一切都是乱糟糟的。
____________________________________________________________
3. 医院严重受损，已是一片狼籍。
____________________________________________________________
4. 躲避枪林弹雨，展转奔波已成为家常便饭。
____________________________________________________________
5. 到处是泥浆和水，让此地到彼地的行走非常困难。
____________________________________________________________
6. 住所以及食物和干净水的供给都成了大问题。
____________________________________________________________
Answers:
1. The whole of the island is flooded.
2. Everything here is in chaos.
3. The hospital is badly damaged and in a mess.
4. Looking out for bullets and running from one place to another became a way of life.
5. There’s mud everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
6. Shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.
II．根据文章内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空(10分钟)
convenience lucky pride difference give work destroy far cause act preserve
Before I came here, I once worked as an nurse in the areas, such as Sudan and Kenya, where there was no enough water. 1 there, we usually helped people ,babies or children by setting up feeding centers, checking the health of babies or 2 injection of vaccination to children. 3 , the life there was full of fighting and we had to look out for bullets and from time to time moved from one place to another.
However, things are entirely 4 here. The problem people meet here is not the lack of water but the mud and water everywhere.. It is not 5 for people to travel from place to place. The water makes it hard for the cuts and wounds to heal and 6 the fields and harvests, 7 the 8 problem of people’s malnutrition. Sometimes, when food came, people fight with each other to get it. Luckily, I can communicate with the people with the help of my good 9 skills
Thinking of what I did and am doing, I feel so 10 of myself because I do all I can to make a difference to people’s life on an individual level.
Answers: 1.Working 2. giving 3. Unluckily 4. different 5. convenient
6.destroys 7. causing 8. further 9. acting 10. proud
III 选择最佳答案(8分钟)
1. Recently the old man who is concerned _________the state events has been feeling felt concerned ________ what will happen to him.
A. with; about B. with; with C. about; for D. for; with
2. My coach reminds me _________ the proper exercise can _________ to my state of health.
A. of; make no difference B. about; make a big difference
C. that; make no difference D. that; make a big difference
3. It is natural that birds _________.
A. can fly B. would fly C. fly D. could fly
4. The war which left everything _________ _________at last.
A. in chaos; broke out B. in chaos; was broken out
C. under chaos; was broken out D. under chaos; broken out
5. He came up with a new _______ of solving the problem at the meeting. Which is Not true
A. way B. means C. method D. approach
6. The aim of the Project Hope is _________ some poor children to receive education.
A. assisting B. to assist C. that assist D. that assisting
7. In general, the information of newspapers _________every _________ of people’s life.
A. touches; aspect B. touched; respect C. touches; respect D. touched; aspect
8. ______ with a difficult situation, Tom decided to ask his father for advice.
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
9. These old pictures ______ me _____ my school years.
A. inform, of B. cure, of C. remind, of D. warn, of
10. The old car _________ on the half way home yesterday.
A. broke away B. broke down C. broke up D. broke out
11. Every possible means __________, but none __________ successful.
A. has tried; has proved B. have tried; was proved
C. has been tried; proved D. have been tried; proved
12. The soldier ___________ a chest wound.
A. died of B. died from C. died out D. died away
13. Is ________ 24 hours ________China’s Shengzhou V spacecraft ________ is made in our country to orbit the earth around
A. it; that; where B. it; when; what
C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which
14. The well famous surgeon will _________ an operation __________ the little boy _______ his leg in 2 hours.
A. have; with; for B. have; on; for C. make; with; about D. make; on; to
15. How I wish I ___________ a visit __________ Africa at present!
A. will pay; of B. could pay; for C. would pay; to D. paid; to
Answers: 1-5 ADCAD 6-10 BACCB 11-15 CBDBC
［解析］
1. A be concerned with 对……关心的，be concerned about/ for对……担心的，担忧的
2. D remind引导宾语从句；remind sb of/ about sth提醒某人某事；make a difference产生变化、发生改变；make no difference不起作用，在语义上句子不通，所以不选
3. C It is natural that…，从句中用虚拟语气：(should)do
4. A in chaos作leave的宾语补足语；break out(战争，疾病等)爆发，不用于被动语态
5. D 四个词都可表示“方法”的意思，做某事的方法应表达为：the way to do或the way of doing或the means of doing成the method of doing 或the approach to doing。
6. B to assist some poor children不定式短语作表语；
that可以引导表语从句，但后面必须是句子
7. A touch作为及物动词时，有“触及，涉及”的意思，aspect(问题等的)方面，respect“尊敬”的意思
8. C be faced with是固定短语，“面临着”的意思，当主从句中的主语是用一个人的时候，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
9. C remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事；in form sb. of sth. 通知某人某事，cure sb. of sth.治疗某人某病；warn sb. of sth. 警告某人等事
10. B break down出故障，抛锚；break away打破（陈规陋习），脱离
break up分解，分裂，击碎； break out(战争，火灾等)爆发
11. C means 单复数同行，every means 说明这里的 means是单数，和try是被动的关系；prove可作为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。
12. B die from 死于外因（死于创伤等）；die of死于内因（死于疾病、饥饿、情感、年老等）die out灭绝、（风俗习惯等）消失；（火）渐渐熄灭
die away（声音，光线，风等）逐渐减弱、平息
13. D 强调句型的一般疑问句，被强调部分是24 hours，同时24 hours 又作take的宾语，Shengzhou V spacecraft带了一个which引导的定语从句。
14. B have an operation on sb. for sth. 给某人做某方面的手术
15. C wish后的宾语从句如果是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，要用would/could + V.
IV. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中选出最佳答案。 (5分钟)
London ---“Everyone has one!” Lucy declared to her parents, trying to get a cell-phone as a gift for her 14th birthday .Her parents gave in.
Curious to know how her daughter would use the phone, Jane Bidder, the mother, followed Lucy to the school bus in the morning .The bus eats 20,of whom half have a cell-phone .One rings and several adolescent owners feel in their bags .
Many parents have just realize that the cell-phone is no longer only for traveling businessmen—it is as likely to be found in school bags .
The cell-phone seems to have become something essential for today’s teens in Britain, according to a survey published last week, by NOP, a leading market research company in Britain .Research found that 66 percent of 16-year-olds now have access to a cell-phone.
The cell-phone has been turned into a secret messaging service by teen-users .When they are talking on the cell-phone, their parents are not able to eavesdrop on the second line.
The interviews with 2,019 young people aged 7 to 16 found that they favor the text massaging services because they offer a secret way of keeping in touch .The days of secret notes in the classroom are dying out .
For example, “cya” means “see you”; “l0l” means “laugh out loud”; and “2nite”is an abbreviation of “tonight”. All these are based on shorthand phrases used on the Internet.
Many schools have banned students using cell-phones .But they are not very successful .Still phones ring in the class and disturb study.
Besides, people are worried about the health risk to kids using cell-phone radiation .
1. The story of Lucy to show us ____.
A. British parents meet their children `s needs whatever they are .
B. British kids have good relationships with their parents.
C. how British parents accept the truth of teenagers owning a cell-phone.
D. why every child gets a cell-phone as a birthday present in UK.
2. What would be the best title for this news story
A. School bans cell-phones
B. Parents` curiosity about children using cellphones.
C. Cell-phone popularity among UK teens
D. Secret messages popular among kids in UK.
3. Interview discover children like sending messages instead of _____.
A. calling each other B. writing notes to each other
C. playing games online D. greeting each other
Answers: 1-3: CCB
［解析］
1.推理题。第三自然段，许多父母都意识到孩子们也可以拥有手机。故此答案选:C
2.主旨大意。通过父母的见闻，说明手机在英国学生中很普遍。故此答案选：C
3．细节题。倒数第五段，The interviews with 2,019 young people aged 7 to 16 found that they favor the text massaging services because they offer a secret way of keeping in touch .The days of secret notes in the classroom are dying out .可以知道，学生喜欢发短信，故此答案为:B
VI:阅读文章后，根据各小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。
How Long can People Live
She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121st birthday.
When it comes to long life, Jeanne Calment is the world’s record-holder. She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span(寿命) If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150—or beyond
Researchers don’t entirely agree on the answers. “Calment lived to 122, so it wouldn’t surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135,” says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas.
Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. “People can live much longer than we think,” he says. “Experts used to say that humans couldn’t live past 110. When Calment blew past that age, they raised the number to 120. So why can’ t we go higher ”
The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it’s all just guessing. “Anyone can make up a number, ” says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan. “Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine. ”
Won’t new anti-aging technique keep us alive for centuries “Any cure, ” says Miller, “for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until 120.” Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50% at most. “So, if the average human life span is 80 year,” says Miller, “Adding another 50 percent would get you to 120.”
1. Find in the passage a word closes in meaning to the underlined word “beyond”.
Past.
2. What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us (回答词数不超过6个)
People can live past 120.
3. According to Rich Miller, why do some scientists make the wildest guess at human life span (回答词数不超过8个)
Because they hope to become famous.
课后欣赏
教你一招
《如何用英语提出建议》
在日常对话中，向对方提出建议和忠告有这些较常用的说法：
should 应该，要
"You should try to practice English."
"You shouldn't eat too much.
" Why don't you 不如... "Why don't you join an English club "
ought to应该
"You ought to read more." If I were you,
I'd 如果我是你，我就...
"If I were you, I'd watch more television."
suggest and recommend提议与推荐用动词分词
"I suggest visiting the Eiffel Tower." (连自己在内全部人都去)
或用从句 "I suggest that you visit the Eiffel Tower." (你们大家去我不去，只是提议)
或用名词 "I recommend the lobster." (这家餐厅龙虾做得好)
advise 建议(动词)
"I advise you to buy a good dictionary."
advice 建议(不可数名词) 所以要用 some advice 或 a piece of advice.
"Let me give you some advice." "She gave me a very useful piece of advice: to buy a good dictionary."
很多人不喜欢不请自来的建议和意见，所以为了避免表错情给人以多事的印象，你可以用以下说法：
"You could always..." 你其实可以...
"Have you considered..." 你考虑过...
"Perhaps we could..." 也许我们可以...
"Do you think it's a good idea to..." 你觉得...好不好呢？
写作范例
用英语写一篇医生对患者的建议!
Dear Dr Eatright,
I want to lose weight before summer ,so that I will look good when I go to the beach please tell me what to do .
Yours,
Emily
用以上短文写一篇医生的回复，120词左右．
Dear Emily,
HI
I know every girl wants sexy body besides you. But please do know that every coin has two sides.
If you want to lose weight, you should prefer a correct way not just for the result.
After a long winter, you may gain weight, spring is a good season to lose weight, Firstly, you can make a plan for yourself.
Do you like any pop star, if so, you can put up one pop on your bedroom, so that you have your aim.
Then pay much attention to your diet, not just eat vegetables all the days, you should have your dinner according to the clock, one day three meals.
Meat can make you strong, vegetables and fruits can give you vitamin.
Secondly, you should spare time to exercise everyday no matter the weather like.
It's reported there's a new way to exercise, It's 20 minutes. The first eight minutes, you try your best to exercise, the left 12 minutes you slow down, and this is proved by many foreigners and scientists.
As the old saying goes, there's a will, there's a way.
If you continue to exercise and care your diet, I believe that you will look good in summer.
Yours,
Dr. Eaatright