2011-2012译林牛津英语高二下模块七Unit 2：词汇讲与练01及答案（Welcome to the unit +Reading）
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2011-2012译林牛津英语高二下模块七Unit 2：词汇讲与练01及答案（Welcome to the unit +Reading）
模块七Unit Two Fit for Life Language Points
Welcome to the unit
1. fit: vt / vi. (使)适合于；装配；安装
The key doesn’t ～ the lock. 这钥匙不合这把锁。
adj. 适合的；恰当的；健康的；能胜任的
拓展： fitness: n. 适当；恰当；健康
fitting : n. 装置；设备；（多用复数）
～ (sb. / oneself) for 使…… 适应或胜任
～ in / with 使适合，相合，配合
She ～ted her son with a rain coat. 她为儿子添了一件雨衣。
The car is ～ted with a new engine. 这辆车配有一台新发动机。
～ on 安装，装置
be ～ for (to) 合适，符合
辨析：
fit: 1).指大小，形状合身，引申为吻合，协调。
～ sb.
～ (well; badly; perfectly; beautifully)
This coat ～s me. 这件上衣我穿合身。
The shoes ～ me well. 这双鞋很适合我。
This dress ～s badly. 这件衣服很不适合我。
2).表“使……适合”的结构：
～ sb. for sth.
～ sb. to do sth.
His abilities ～ him for the position. 他的能力使他很适合担任这个职务。
Her experience ～s her to lead the research group.
她的经验使她适合领导这个研究小组。
3).作形容词时，表适合的；恰当的；健康的；能胜任的，可作定语或表语。结构为：
be ～ for sth.
be ～ to do sth.
She is just ～ for a job as a teacher.她正适合干教师这一行。
The food is not ～ to eat. 那食物不适合吃。
He is not ～ to join the society. 他加入这个协会不合适。
注：fit 常指适合某种目的或用途，或某人适合某种工作、职务，而suitable 则指适合某种情况、环境、或需要。例如：
The man is not fit for the job.
These clothes are not suitable here.
This red jacket is fit but not suitable for me.
suit: 指合乎需要；口味；性格；条件；地位；样式；颜色等。
Blue suits her.
That new dress suits you very well.
练习：
1. I must _____ my holidays _____yours.
A. fitting; for B. fit; in with C. ～; on D. ～; out
2. The climate here ______ me well.
A. fittings B. suits C. fitness D. fits
Key: B; B
2. interview: vt.采访；访问；对……进行面试
He is ～ing an actor about the film. 他正在就那部电影采访一位演员。
～ sb. for sth.: 为……对某人进行面试或面谈
interviewee: n. 被采访者；被面试者
interviewer: n. 采访者；面试者
注意：interview 的宾语只能是人。
辨析: report / cover
report: vt. 报告；报道（所闻，所见，所做，研究所得等。）
cover: vt. 报道（审判、选举、动乱之类的大事。）
Reading
1. recipe: n. [C] [医] 处方；烹饪法；（糕点等的）制作方法，诀窍（与for）连用
I’d like to have your ~ for cookies. 你能不能告诉我制作小甜饼的方法。
练习：
他认为成功的唯一诀窍在于勤奋。
He thinks the one ～for success lies in hard-work.
2. physician: n. 医师，内科医师
physics: n. 物理学
physical: 物理学的， 自然科学的，身体的，物质的，自然界的
physicality: 肉体性
physicist: n. 物理学家
3. bark: n.[C] 树皮，吠声
vt. / vi. 吠，咆哮，剥树皮
～ at 对……叫，斥责
～ out 咆哮地说，吼出
Don’t take the ～ off the tree. 不要剥树皮。
The dog ～ed at the strange man. 这条狗对着陌生人叫。
～ing dogs seldom bite. 爱叫的狗不咬人。（真人不露相。）
The officer ～ed out his orders. 军官们严厉而威胁地发出命令。
练习：
His ______ is worse than his bite.
A. heart B. bark C. skin D. mouth Key: B
4. acid: adj. 酸的；讽刺的；刻薄的
more ～ most ～
have an ～ taste 有酸味 an ～ fruit such as a lemon 柠檬一类的酸味水果
an ～ comment 刻薄的批评
5. trial: n.试验；考验；审讯；审判
We must put the machine to ～. == We must give the machine a ～.
我们必须试行运转那部机器。
He couldn’t stand the ～. 他无法忍受那种考验。
a public ～ 公审 a ～ flight 试飞 a ～ match 预赛
bring a person to / up for ～ 将……付诸审判
on ～ 试验性的（地）；试验结果；在审判中
～ and error 尝试错误的做事方法
练习：
1. I decided to take the man for a month_____.
A. up for ～ B. to ～ C. on ～ D. ～
2. she succeeded in the examination _____ her second ～.
A. at B. in C. to D. on Key: C; D
6. standardize: vt. 使符合标准；使标准化
standard: n. 标准；规格
The ～ of living 生活标准。
His work was below / not up to (the) required ～. 他的作品未达到要求的水准。
adj. 标准的；权威的，第一流的
～ English 标准英语 a ～ composer 一流的作曲家
练习：
He sets high _____ of behavior for his pupils.
A. rule B. rules C. ～ D. ～s Key: D.
7. thin: vt. 使变薄（细；稀少；淡） ～ned, ～ning
You can ～ down this paint with water. 这油漆可以掺水稀释。
adv.薄地； 稀疏地 cut the bread ～ner
adj.薄的；细的；瘦的；稀少的（液体、气体）稀薄的， ～ner , ～nest
She looks ～ner than before. 她看上去比过去瘦。
He has ～ hair. 他头发稀疏。
The air became even ～ner when I climbed to the top of the mountain.
我爬到山顶时，空气变得更加稀疏了。
thin: 瘦的，多因疾病疲劳
lean: 天生瘦（指）瘦而肌肉结实
slender: 苗条
练习：用thin, lean, slender 的适当形式填空：
1. He looks ____ since his illness.
2. Give me the ________ thread, please.
3. The woman was ______ and graceful.
4. He has got a ______horse.
Key: 1. thinner / thin 2. thinnest / thin 3. slender / lean
8. block: vt. 妨碍，阻塞
The crowed ～ed the street.
Her father ～ed her plan to study abroad.
n. 木块；石块；；块；街区
a road ～ 路障 a ～ of wood / stone 木块；（石块）
an office ～ 办公大楼
The post office is two ～s away. 邮局在前面两条街的地方。
be stuck / stick in / on 陷入；卡住
练习：
1. Road ______, we had to go another way. A. ～ed B. was ～ed C. ～ing D. to be ～ed
2. Our car ______ in the mud. It took us half an hour to get it out.
A. was ～ed B. was stuck C.～ed D. being stucked Key: A; B
9. length: n. 长度；长；
～ of 一根；一段
at ～ 最后；终于；充分地；详细地
at full ～ 伸展全身
in ～ 在长度上
a ～ of rope 一根绳子 a ～ of cloth 一段布
a ～ (depth) of + 数词： 长度 / 深度……
a ～ of 15 meters 上15米 a depth of 1,000 meters 河流深1000米
It’s 2,010 kilometers long. == It’s 2,010 kilometers in length. 它长2010千米。
拓展：long: adj. 长的；长期的； vi: 渴望；热望；adv. 长期的，始终
练习：
1. He lay _____ on the grass.
A. at ～ B. spreading C. in ～ D. at full ～
2. When he came back, he told me the story ______. A. at fill ～ B. in ～ C. detail D. at length
Key: D; D
10. contemporary: n. 同时代的人
He and I were ～ies at school. 我和他是同期同学。
adj. 当代的；同时代的
be ～ with 与……同时期的
～ literature 当代文学
The telephone and the gramophone were ～ inventions. 电话和留声机是同一时代的发明。
练习：
鲁迅和胡适是同一时代的人。Luxun was ～ with Hushi.
11. note: vt. 注意；提到；；记下；对……加注释
Please ～ that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意本帐单必须在10天内付款。
He ～ed the importance of the problem in his lecture.
他在讲座中着重提到这一问题的重要性。
The policeman ～ed down every word I said. 警察记下了我所说的每一个字。
n. 笔记；短信；（外交）照会；注解；注释；票据；纸币；音符
make reference to ～s 参照注释 take ～ of 注意；注目
make ～s (a ～) of == take ～s (a ～) of 记下；记录
练习：
1. 请注意这本书必须在一周内归还。
Please ～ that the book must be returned within a week.
2. 注意看他如何游泳。～ how he swims.
12. transparent: adj. 透明的，显然的，明晰的
～ color 透明色料 ～ windows 透明的玻璃窗 a ～ lie 明显的谎言
13. name: vt. 命名；提名；叫出；指定
They ～d the boy Jim. 他们为婴儿取名为吉姆。
Can you ～ all the plants and trees in this garden
你能叫出花园里所有花草树木的名称吗？
We ～d him chairman. == We ～d him as (for) chairman. 我们任命他为主席。
n. 名字；姓名；名誉
～d : adj. 指定的 ～ date 指定的日期
～ly: adv. 即；也就是
～less: adj. 无名的；匿名的；难以形容的
～ after 按……命名 name it 讲出来
by the ～ of …… == ～d …… 以……名字 by ～ 名叫；凭名；用名
make a ～ 出名；成名 to one’s ～ 属于自己
under the ～ of …… 用……名字 first ～ 名 last ～ 姓 in the ～ of 以……名义
练习：用name 构成的词组填空.
1. Only one girl can drive namely Betty.
2. He named his daughter after his grandmother.
3. A man by the name of Smith came to see you just now.
4. I only know him by name.
14. purify: vt. 使……纯净 v. 净化
～ … of … 清除…… ～ … from …… 洗请…… 的罪过
～ the organization of traitors 清除组织的叛徒。
pure: adj. 纯的；无垢的；纯洁的；完美的
15. mass: adj. 群众的；大规模的；集中的；
vt. 使……集合
vi. 聚集
～ meeting 群众大会（尤指政治性质的） the mass media 大众媒体
n. 块；大多数；质量；群众；大量
There were ～es of dark clouds in the sky. 天空黑云密布。
She has a ～of things to do. 她有一大堆的事情要做。
a ～ of information 大部分的情报 the ～es 大众；民众
a ～ of (～es of ) 许多；大量；大部分（后接可数名词或不可数名词）
in the ～ == as a whole 总体上；大致上
练习：
1. ________ are often the makers of history.
A. The men B. The people C. The ～es D. The humans
2. With ________ work to do, she couldn’t go for the party.
A. many of B. a large number of C. lot of D. a ～ of Key: C; D
16. rapidly: adv. 迅速地
rapid: adj. 快的；迅速的；动作快的；陡的；险峻的
He had a rapid recovery from his illness. 他迅速恢复了健康。
辨析：quick / swift / fast / rapid
quick: 迅速的；一般用语；意思为立即行动，毫不拖延。
swift: 指动得非常迅速的东西。
fast: 常作副词，指动作迅速，侧重于动的东西。
rapid: 常指急流，旋涡，语气比quick, swift强。
练习：
1. The winning car reaches a speed of forty miles——much _______than any of its rivals.
A. faster B. quicker C. more rapidly D. swifter
2. They ______ dragged the drunk to safety. A. fast B. quickly C. rapidly D. swiftly
Key: A; B
17. powerful: adj. 强大的；有力的 more ～; most ～
powerless: adj. 无能力的
拓展：power: n. [C，U] 权力；势力（+ over）;权限（+ to — v）；能力（+ of）力；动力；电力
The president has the ～ to vote bills. 总统有权否决议案。
He has the ～ of helping you. 他有能力帮助你。
The shortage of ～ dimmed the streets. 由于电力不足，街道昏暗。
in ～ 当权 take ～当权执政 have ～ over sth. 对……有控制权
come into ～ 开始执政，上台当权
beyond / out of one’s ～(s) == not within one’s ～ （某人的）力所不及的
vt. 使……有力量，供以动力，激励
辨析：strength / force / energy / power
strength: 常指固有的潜力。说人时指力气，是身体组织内存的力，说物时着重指强度。
force: 主要指暴力、法律、道德或感情的力量，军事的力量等。或指完成某事而实际运用的能力，常作势力用。
energy: 主要指人的力量、自然界的能量。
power: 主要指一件事所依靠的能力、功能、人或机器等事物潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量、职权。其用途最广，用于各种身的、心的，隐藏的外显的力，和strength 的词义相近，但暗示能动的意思。
注：power:表“力；权力”为不可数名词，表“体力、智力、精力”为可数名词。
练习
1. It is _______my ～ to understand how the computer works.
A. beyond B. in C. into D. out
2. This parrot has the _____ to imitate human words.
A. force B. strength C. power D. energy Key: A; C
18. wonder: adj. 非凡的，奇妙的
～ drug 奇妙的药
n.奇迹，奇观，惊奇
to look at sth. in wonder 惊奇地看着某物
They were filled with ～ when they saw the spaceship.
当他们看到宇宙飞船时，他们非常惊奇。
the seven ～s of the world 世界七大奇观
It’s a ～. 难得；奇怪的是。
It’s a ～ you recognized. 难得你还认得我。
(It’s ) no ～ 难怪，并不奇怪，当然
No ～ he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。
vt. 对……感到惊讶，惊奇，想知道
vi. 惊讶，怀疑（常与at, that 等连用）
I ～. In England each man speaks a different language.
我感到十分惊奇，在英国每个人都说着一种语言。
I ～ at his rudeness. 我对他的粗鲁感到奇怪。
I ～ whether you could do me a favor. 我想知道你是否愿意帮我一个忙。
I ～ at his allowing you to do that thing. 我对他允许你做这样的事感到奇怪。
～ful: adj. ～fully: adv.
练习：
1. He had made a thorough investigation. _______ he knew so much about it.
A. In spite B. On condition that C. So long as D. No ～
2. The medicine _______ ～s for cancers. A. made B. did C. worked D. carried
Key: D; C
19. relief: n. [U] （痛苦等的）减轻，（债务等的）免除，救济，安慰
The pills gave her some ～. 药片减轻她一些痛苦。
A doctor should work for the ～ of suffering. 医生为解除病痛而工作。
give a sigh of ～ 宽慰地松了一口气
send ～ to refugees 送救济品给难民
拓展：relieve: vt. 减轻，解除，援救，救济，换班
～ one’s feeling 发泄感情
～ sb. of sth. 从……手中接取……,解除某人……
～ oneself 大小便
～d: adj. 放心的
练习：
1. 吃了那药能马上止痛吗？Will the medicine give immediate relief from pain
2. 使我宽慰的是，他认识了学习的重要性。
To my relief, he realized the importance of study.
20. potential: adj. 潜在的,可能的
The dispute has scared away ～ investors. 这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
～ energy 势能
potentially: adv.
potentiality: n. 可能，可能性，潜在性（通常用复数形式 potentialities）
21. risk: v. / n. 冒险
at ～ 处于危险中 at the ～ of 冒着……的危险
take / run ～s / a ～ 冒险
run / take the ～ of 冒……的困难
～ doing 冒险做……
练习：
1. He saved the child ______ ～ ________.
A. at; of killing himself B. at the; of being killed
C. on the; to kill himself D. on; to be killed
2. I don’t want to _______ losing my friend.
A. run the ～ of B. take ～ of C. run the ～ D. take ～ Key: B; A
22. focus on 集中于…上
As a student, you are supposed to focus on your studies.
The program focuses on environmental protection.
23. recommend: 推荐; 建议
recommend sth to sb 介绍 / 建议/ 推荐某人做……
I am going to spend my holiday. Could you recommend a hotel in that city to me
She is seriously ill. Please recommend some medicine to her.
24. reduce: 减少; 削减
Reducing the cost is one way for companies to make money.
The prices of the mobile phones are reduced.
25. carry out 执行, 进行
They are busy carrying out the experiment.
They all hold the view that the new policy should be carried out as soon as possible.
26. open up: 揭露,打开
The debate could open up sharp differences between the countries.
这次辩论能够揭露这些国家之间的明显差异.
27. fundamental: adj. 基础的，基本的 more ～ most ～
Honesty is the ～ cause of his success. 诚实是他成功的主要原因。
n. 基本原则，基本原理 （通常用pl.形式 ～s）+ of + n.
adv. ～ly. 根本地，本质地
模块七Unit Two Fit for Life Language Points
Welcome to the unit
1. fit: vt / vi. (使)适合于；装配；安装
The key doesn’t ～ the lock. 这钥匙不合这把锁。
adj. 适合的；恰当的；健康的；能胜任的
拓展： fitness: n. 适当；恰当；健康
fitting : n. 装置；设备；（多用复数）
～ (sb. / oneself) for 使…… 适应或胜任
～ in / with 使适合，相合，配合
She ～ted her son with a rain coat. 她为儿子添了一件雨衣。
The car is ～ted with a new engine. 这辆车配有一台新发动机。
～ on 安装，装置
be ～ for (to) 合适，符合
辨析：
fit: 1).指大小，形状合身，引申为吻合，协调。
～ sb.
～ (well; badly; perfectly; beautifully)
This coat ～s me. 这件上衣我穿合身。
The shoes ～ me well. 这双鞋很适合我。
This dress ～s badly. 这件衣服很不适合我。
2).表“使……适合”的结构：
～ sb. for sth.
～ sb. to do sth.
His abilities ～ him for the position. 他的能力使他很适合担任这个职务。
Her experience ～s her to lead the research group.
她的经验使她适合领导这个研究小组。
3).作形容词时，表适合的；恰当的；健康的；能胜任的，可作定语或表语。结构为：
be ～ for sth.
be ～ to do sth.
She is just ～ for a job as a teacher.她正适合干教师这一行。
The food is not ～ to eat. 那食物不适合吃。
He is not ～ to join the society. 他加入这个协会不合适。
注：fit 常指适合某种目的或用途，或某人适合某种工作、职务，而suitable 则指适合某种情况、环境、或需要。例如：
The man is not fit for the job.
These clothes are not suitable here.
This red jacket is fit but not suitable for me.
suit: 指合乎需要；口味；性格；条件；地位；样式；颜色等。
Blue suits her.
That new dress suits you very well.
练习：
1. I must _____ my holidays _____yours.
A. fitting; for B. fit; in with C. ～; on D. ～; out
2. The climate here ______ me well.
A. fittings B. suits C. fitness D. fits
Key: B; B
2. interview: vt.采访；访问；对……进行面试
He is ～ing an actor about the film. 他正在就那部电影采访一位演员。
～ sb. for sth.: 为……对某人进行面试或面谈
interviewee: n. 被采访者；被面试者
interviewer: n. 采访者；面试者
注意：interview 的宾语只能是人。
辨析: report / cover
report: vt. 报告；报道（所闻，所见，所做，研究所得等。）
cover: vt. 报道（审判、选举、动乱之类的大事。）
Reading
1. recipe: n. [C] [医] 处方；烹饪法；（糕点等的）制作方法，诀窍（与for）连用
I’d like to have your ~ for cookies. 你能不能告诉我制作小甜饼的方法。
练习：
他认为成功的唯一诀窍在于勤奋。
He thinks the one ～for success lies in hard-work.
2. physician: n. 医师，内科医师
physics: n. 物理学
physical: 物理学的， 自然科学的，身体的，物质的，自然界的
physicality: 肉体性
physicist: n. 物理学家
3. bark: n.[C] 树皮，吠声
vt. / vi. 吠，咆哮，剥树皮
～ at 对……叫，斥责
～ out 咆哮地说，吼出
Don’t take the ～ off the tree. 不要剥树皮。
The dog ～ed at the strange man. 这条狗对着陌生人叫。
～ing dogs seldom bite. 爱叫的狗不咬人。（真人不露相。）
The officer ～ed out his orders. 军官们严厉而威胁地发出命令。
练习：
His ______ is worse than his bite.
A. heart B. bark C. skin D. mouth Key: B
4. acid: adj. 酸的；讽刺的；刻薄的
more ～ most ～
have an ～ taste 有酸味 an ～ fruit such as a lemon 柠檬一类的酸味水果
an ～ comment 刻薄的批评
5. trial: n.试验；考验；审讯；审判
We must put the machine to ～. == We must give the machine a ～.
我们必须试行运转那部机器。
He couldn’t stand the ～. 他无法忍受那种考验。
a public ～ 公审 a ～ flight 试飞 a ～ match 预赛
bring a person to / up for ～ 将……付诸审判
on ～ 试验性的（地）；试验结果；在审判中
～ and error 尝试错误的做事方法
练习：
1. I decided to take the man for a month_____.
A. up for ～ B. to ～ C. on ～ D. ～
2. she succeeded in the examination _____ her second ～.
A. at B. in C. to D. on Key: C; D
6. standardize: vt. 使符合标准；使标准化
standard: n. 标准；规格
The ～ of living 生活标准。
His work was below / not up to (the) required ～. 他的作品未达到要求的水准。
adj. 标准的；权威的，第一流的
～ English 标准英语 a ～ composer 一流的作曲家
练习：
He sets high _____ of behavior for his pupils.
A. rule B. rules C. ～ D. ～s Key: D.
7. thin: vt. 使变薄（细；稀少；淡） ～ned, ～ning
You can ～ down this paint with water. 这油漆可以掺水稀释。
adv.薄地； 稀疏地 cut the bread ～ner
adj.薄的；细的；瘦的；稀少的（液体、气体）稀薄的， ～ner , ～nest
She looks ～ner than before. 她看上去比过去瘦。
He has ～ hair. 他头发稀疏。
The air became even ～ner when I climbed to the top of the mountain.
我爬到山顶时，空气变得更加稀疏了。
thin: 瘦的，多因疾病疲劳
lean: 天生瘦（指）瘦而肌肉结实
slender: 苗条
练习：用thin, lean, slender 的适当形式填空：
1. He looks ____ since his illness.
2. Give me the ________ thread, please.
3. The woman was ______ and graceful.
4. He has got a ______horse.
Key: 1. thinner / thin 2. thinnest / thin 3. slender / lean
8. block: vt. 妨碍，阻塞
The crowed ～ed the street.
Her father ～ed her plan to study abroad.
n. 木块；石块；；块；街区
a road ～ 路障 a ～ of wood / stone 木块；（石块）
an office ～ 办公大楼
The post office is two ～s away. 邮局在前面两条街的地方。
be stuck / stick in / on 陷入；卡住
练习：
1. Road ______, we had to go another way. A. ～ed B. was ～ed C. ～ing D. to be ～ed
2. Our car ______ in the mud. It took us half an hour to get it out.
A. was ～ed B. was stuck C.～ed D. being stucked Key: A; B
9. length: n. 长度；长；
～ of 一根；一段
at ～ 最后；终于；充分地；详细地
at full ～ 伸展全身
in ～ 在长度上
a ～ of rope 一根绳子 a ～ of cloth 一段布
a ～ (depth) of + 数词： 长度 / 深度……
a ～ of 15 meters 上15米 a depth of 1,000 meters 河流深1000米
It’s 2,010 kilometers long. == It’s 2,010 kilometers in length. 它长2010千米。
拓展：long: adj. 长的；长期的； vi: 渴望；热望；adv. 长期的，始终
练习：
1. He lay _____ on the grass.
A. at ～ B. spreading C. in ～ D. at full ～
2. When he came back, he told me the story ______. A. at fill ～ B. in ～ C. detail D. at length
Key: D; D
10. contemporary: n. 同时代的人
He and I were ～ies at school. 我和他是同期同学。
adj. 当代的；同时代的
be ～ with 与……同时期的
～ literature 当代文学
The telephone and the gramophone were ～ inventions. 电话和留声机是同一时代的发明。
练习：
鲁迅和胡适是同一时代的人。Luxun was ～ with Hushi.
11. note: vt. 注意；提到；；记下；对……加注释
Please ～ that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意本帐单必须在10天内付款。
He ～ed the importance of the problem in his lecture.
他在讲座中着重提到这一问题的重要性。
The policeman ～ed down every word I said. 警察记下了我所说的每一个字。
n. 笔记；短信；（外交）照会；注解；注释；票据；纸币；音符
make reference to ～s 参照注释 take ～ of 注意；注目
make ～s (a ～) of == take ～s (a ～) of 记下；记录
练习：
1. 请注意这本书必须在一周内归还。
Please ～ that the book must be returned within a week.
2. 注意看他如何游泳。～ how he swims.
12. transparent: adj. 透明的，显然的，明晰的
～ color 透明色料 ～ windows 透明的玻璃窗 a ～ lie 明显的谎言
13. name: vt. 命名；提名；叫出；指定
They ～d the boy Jim. 他们为婴儿取名为吉姆。
Can you ～ all the plants and trees in this garden
你能叫出花园里所有花草树木的名称吗？
We ～d him chairman. == We ～d him as (for) chairman. 我们任命他为主席。
n. 名字；姓名；名誉
～d : adj. 指定的 ～ date 指定的日期
～ly: adv. 即；也就是
～less: adj. 无名的；匿名的；难以形容的
～ after 按……命名 name it 讲出来
by the ～ of …… == ～d …… 以……名字 by ～ 名叫；凭名；用名
make a ～ 出名；成名 to one’s ～ 属于自己
under the ～ of …… 用……名字 first ～ 名 last ～ 姓 in the ～ of 以……名义
练习：用name 构成的词组填空.
1. Only one girl can drive namely Betty.
2. He named his daughter after his grandmother.
3. A man by the name of Smith came to see you just now.
4. I only know him by name.
14. purify: vt. 使……纯净 v. 净化
～ … of … 清除…… ～ … from …… 洗请…… 的罪过
～ the organization of traitors 清除组织的叛徒。
pure: adj. 纯的；无垢的；纯洁的；完美的
15. mass: adj. 群众的；大规模的；集中的；
vt. 使……集合
vi. 聚集
～ meeting 群众大会（尤指政治性质的） the mass media 大众媒体
n. 块；大多数；质量；群众；大量
There were ～es of dark clouds in the sky. 天空黑云密布。
She has a ～of things to do. 她有一大堆的事情要做。
a ～ of information 大部分的情报 the ～es 大众；民众
a ～ of (～es of ) 许多；大量；大部分（后接可数名词或不可数名词）
in the ～ == as a whole 总体上；大致上
练习：
1. ________ are often the makers of history.
A. The men B. The people C. The ～es D. The humans
2. With ________ work to do, she couldn’t go for the party.
A. many of B. a large number of C. lot of D. a ～ of Key: C; D
16. rapidly: adv. 迅速地
rapid: adj. 快的；迅速的；动作快的；陡的；险峻的
He had a rapid recovery from his illness. 他迅速恢复了健康。
辨析：quick / swift / fast / rapid
quick: 迅速的；一般用语；意思为立即行动，毫不拖延。
swift: 指动得非常迅速的东西。
fast: 常作副词，指动作迅速，侧重于动的东西。
rapid: 常指急流，旋涡，语气比quick, swift强。
练习：
1. The winning car reaches a speed of forty miles——much _______than any of its rivals.
A. faster B. quicker C. more rapidly D. swifter
2. They ______ dragged the drunk to safety. A. fast B. quickly C. rapidly D. swiftly
Key: A; B
17. powerful: adj. 强大的；有力的 more ～; most ～
powerless: adj. 无能力的
拓展：power: n. [C，U] 权力；势力（+ over）;权限（+ to — v）；能力（+ of）力；动力；电力
The president has the ～ to vote bills. 总统有权否决议案。
He has the ～ of helping you. 他有能力帮助你。
The shortage of ～ dimmed the streets. 由于电力不足，街道昏暗。
in ～ 当权 take ～当权执政 have ～ over sth. 对……有控制权
come into ～ 开始执政，上台当权
beyond / out of one’s ～(s) == not within one’s ～ （某人的）力所不及的
vt. 使……有力量，供以动力，激励
辨析：strength / force / energy / power
strength: 常指固有的潜力。说人时指力气，是身体组织内存的力，说物时着重指强度。
force: 主要指暴力、法律、道德或感情的力量，军事的力量等。或指完成某事而实际运用的能力，常作势力用。
energy: 主要指人的力量、自然界的能量。
power: 主要指一件事所依靠的能力、功能、人或机器等事物潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量、职权。其用途最广，用于各种身的、心的，隐藏的外显的力，和strength 的词义相近，但暗示能动的意思。
注：power:表“力；权力”为不可数名词，表“体力、智力、精力”为可数名词。
练习
1. It is _______my ～ to understand how the computer works.
A. beyond B. in C. into D. out
2. This parrot has the _____ to imitate human words.
A. force B. strength C. power D. energy Key: A; C
18. wonder: adj. 非凡的，奇妙的
～ drug 奇妙的药
n.奇迹，奇观，惊奇
to look at sth. in wonder 惊奇地看着某物
They were filled with ～ when they saw the spaceship.
当他们看到宇宙飞船时，他们非常惊奇。
the seven ～s of the world 世界七大奇观
It’s a ～. 难得；奇怪的是。
It’s a ～ you recognized. 难得你还认得我。
(It’s ) no ～ 难怪，并不奇怪，当然
No ～ he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。
vt. 对……感到惊讶，惊奇，想知道
vi. 惊讶，怀疑（常与at, that 等连用）
I ～. In England each man speaks a different language.
我感到十分惊奇，在英国每个人都说着一种语言。
I ～ at his rudeness. 我对他的粗鲁感到奇怪。
I ～ whether you could do me a favor. 我想知道你是否愿意帮我一个忙。
I ～ at his allowing you to do that thing. 我对他允许你做这样的事感到奇怪。
～ful: adj. ～fully: adv.
练习：
1. He had made a thorough investigation. _______ he knew so much about it.
A. In spite B. On condition that C. So long as D. No ～
2. The medicine _______ ～s for cancers. A. made B. did C. worked D. carried
Key: D; C
19. relief: n. [U] （痛苦等的）减轻，（债务等的）免除，救济，安慰
The pills gave her some ～. 药片减轻她一些痛苦。
A doctor should work for the ～ of suffering. 医生为解除病痛而工作。
give a sigh of ～ 宽慰地松了一口气
send ～ to refugees 送救济品给难民
拓展：relieve: vt. 减轻，解除，援救，救济，换班
～ one’s feeling 发泄感情
～ sb. of sth. 从……手中接取……,解除某人……
～ oneself 大小便
～d: adj. 放心的
练习：
1. 吃了那药能马上止痛吗？Will the medicine give immediate relief from pain
2. 使我宽慰的是，他认识了学习的重要性。
To my relief, he realized the importance of study.
20. potential: adj. 潜在的,可能的
The dispute has scared away ～ investors. 这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
～ energy 势能
potentially: adv.
potentiality: n. 可能，可能性，潜在性（通常用复数形式 potentialities）
21. risk: v. / n. 冒险
at ～ 处于危险中 at the ～ of 冒着……的危险
take / run ～s / a ～ 冒险
run / take the ～ of 冒……的困难
～ doing 冒险做……
练习：
1. He saved the child ______ ～ ________.
A. at; of killing himself B. at the; of being killed
C. on the; to kill himself D. on; to be killed
2. I don’t want to _______ losing my friend.
A. run the ～ of B. take ～ of C. run the ～ D. take ～ Key: B; A
22. focus on 集中于…上
As a student, you are supposed to focus on your studies.
The program focuses on environmental protection.
23. recommend: 推荐; 建议
recommend sth to sb 介绍 / 建议/ 推荐某人做……
I am going to spend my holiday. Could you recommend a hotel in that city to me
She is seriously ill. Please recommend some medicine to her.
24. reduce: 减少; 削减
Reducing the cost is one way for companies to make money.
The prices of the mobile phones are reduced.
25. carry out 执行, 进行
They are busy carrying out the experiment.
They all hold the view that the new policy should be carried out as soon as possible.
26. open up: 揭露,打开
The debate could open up sharp differences between the countries.
这次辩论能够揭露这些国家之间的明显差异.
27. fundamental: adj. 基础的，基本的 more ～ most ～
Honesty is the ～ cause of his success. 诚实是他成功的主要原因。
n. 基本原则，基本原理 （通常用pl.形式 ～s）+ of + n.
adv. ～ly. 根本地，本质地