Unit 2 My Favourite School Subject 现在完成时(含答案）

现在完成时　
1.现在完成时的构成：
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
例如：I have watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。
We have lived here since 2008. 自从2008年我就住在这里。
2.现在完成时的用法：
（1）表示发生在过去的动作或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，常用的状语有already, yet, not… yet, now, just, by this time等。
例如：The bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。
Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示包括现在在内的时间状语连用today,now,等，或表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately，this week, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等，也与for+时间段或since+时间点连用
例如：He has written three letters today. 他今天写了三封信。
We have been here for two years. 我们在这里两年了。
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has helped me a lot since last year. 自从去年她帮助了许多。
3.现在完成时的句型变化：
现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…?
You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…?
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…?
否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
注意：
（1）buy，borrow，die等非延续性动词（也称为瞬间动词）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）连用，这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。例如：
I have bought the bike for two years. (×)
I have had the bike for two years. (√)
由于buy是瞬间动词，无法延续两年，所以改为延续性动词had。
瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：
buy—have　 stop—be over　 leave—be away　 come back—be back　
borrow—keep die—be dead begin—be on　 fall asleep—be asleep
arrive—be here　get up—be up join—be in／be a member
例如：
They borrowed the book two weeks ago. → They have kept the book for two weeks．
A month has passed since he left home.→ He has been away from home for a month.
（2）注意以下表示法的含义及用法：
have been (to): 曾经去过或到过（某地）（表示某人过去的经历）
have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （现在可能在途中或已经到达某地）
have been in… +一段时间: 已呆在某地一段时间了
例如：
He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。
He has gong to Hangzhou, so he can’t help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。
She has been in London for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。
（3）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：
—Have you seen the film?
—Yes, I have. (表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)
—When did you see it?
—I saw it last Sunday. (表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)
He has taught this class for two years. （现在仍教着，或者刚刚停止）
He taught this class for two years. （过去教过）
真题再现
1. Paula is pleased that she _________ her lost watch.
A．finds B．found C．has found D．will find
2. I heard a new song on the radio. I _________ high and low in the music store, but I can’t find the song.
A. search B. have searched
C. am searching D. will search
3．— Helen, when did you move here?
— I ________ here since two years ago．
A．moved B．lived C．have moved D．have lived
4. I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.
A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be
5. — Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they?
— No. They ________ to London on business.
A. have gone B. go C. have been D. will go
1. C。句意为：Paula非常高兴。她找到了丢失的手表。动作find发生在过去，且对现在造成了一定的影响，应用现在完成时。故选C。
2. B。句意：我在收音机上听到了一首新歌。我在音乐商店里到处搜寻，但我找不到这首歌。search 搜查，搜寻； have searched是现在完成时的形式；am searching是现在进行时的形式；will search是一般将来时的形式。根据语境该用现在完成时，所以选B。
3. D。move是瞬时动词；live是延续性动词。由“since two years ago”可知，应用现在完成时；由句意“我从两年前起就住在这儿”可知，应用延续性动词。故选D。
4. C。 此题考查现在完成时态，句意为“自从我在5岁时被狗伤害过以后，我就一直怕狗”，表示“某个动作从过去发生一直持续到现在”，故选C。
5. A。句意：——本和苏不在家，是不是？——是的，他们去伦敦出差了。have gone去了，没有回来； go（经常）去；have been去过，回来了；will go要去。从句意可知：他们去伦敦出差未回，故用have gone to，选A。