Unit 5 My Future 词句精讲精练 (含答案）

Unit 5 My Future
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1.hard adj.困难的；不易的
【用法详解】hard作形容词，在此处意为”困难的；不易的"，常用结构有：
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It's hard+(for sb.）to do sth.(对某人来说）做某事是困难的。
find it hard to do sth.发现做某事是困难的
It is hard to believe that he is only nine.很难相信他只有九岁。
I found it hard to master a foreign language.我发现掌握一门外语不容易。
【拓展延伸】(1）hard的其他用法：
The bed was so hard that it took
①形容词：坚硬的；结实的
The bed was so hard that it took me a long time to fall asleep.
床太硬了，我花了好长时间才睡着。
②副词:努力地；费力地
He is working hard on a maths problem.他正在努力地解一道数学题。
③副词:大量地；沉重地
It was raining hard when we set off.我们出发时正下着大雨。
(2）hardly作副词，意为"几乎不；几乎没有"。
There is hardly any tea left.没剩多少茶了。
(3）work hard at…“努力于……”
He is working hard at English. 他正在努力学习英语。
典例：（宜宾中考）It is_____for him to get to school on time,because it is raining
____________.
A.hard;hardly
B.hardly;hard
C.hard;hard
2.give a talk做讲演/报告
【用法详解】talk 在此处作名词，意为”报告；演讲”
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give a talk意为"做讲演/报告"。
give a talk to sb. /give sb. a talk 给某人做讲演/报告
give a talk on/about sth.做一个关于某事/物的讲演/报告
Our headmaster gave a talk to us yesterday.昨天校长给我们做了一场讲演。
She gave a talk on her visit to China.她做了一次访华报告。
【拓展延伸】（1）talk还可作动词，意为"讲话；讨论"。talk about意为"谈论/讨论关于……"，talk with/to意为"与……交谈"。
I don't understand what you are talking about.我不懂你们在谈论什么。
They're talking with the teacher.他们正在与老师交谈。
have a talk with sb.“同某人进行一次谈话”。
I will have a talk with my parents. 我将和我的父母进行一次谈话。o 或
3.too much 太多
【易混辨析】too much,too many 与much too
①too much太多 中心词为much，作形容词性短语时，修饰不可数名词。也可修饰动词，在句中作状语。
②too many太多 中心词为many，作形容词性短语，修饰可数名词复数。
③much too太 作副词短语，中心词为too，修饰形容词或副词。
语境串记：There are still ____________hamburgers and______________cola on the table.But I'm ____________ full.桌上还有太多的汉堡包和可乐。但是我太饱了。
-Junk food is bad for our health.Don't eat______________.垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。不要吃太多。
典例：__________teenagers are becoming the " Heads-down Tribe"（低头族）.It's
__________bad.
A. Too many;much too
B.Too much;much too
C. Much too;too much
D.Too many;too much
4.be sure确信
【用法详解】be sure的常见用法有：
be sure to do sth.一定要做某事；务必去做某事
be sure of/about sth.对……有把握
be sure of doing sth.对做某事有把握
be sure(that)+从句确信……,对……有把握
Be sure to send my regards to your mother.务必代我问
候你母亲。
I am sure of/about my success. = I am sure of
succeeding.=I am sure that I will succeed. 我有把握
取得成功。
5.someday adv.总有一天；有朝一日
【易混辨析】someday 与one day
①someday指将来的“某一天"，用于将来时，也可写作some day。
②one day指过去或将来的"某一天”，可用于过去时和将来时。
语境串记：____________ my best friend called me. She said,"I will go to England to study ____________."一天，我最好的朋友给我打电话。她说："有朝一日我要去英国学习。”
6.opposite n.& adj.相反（的）；相对（的）
【用法详解】（1）opposite 在此处作名词，意为”对立的人(或物）；对立面”。the opposite of意为”……的对立面”。
What is the opposite of heavy?重的反义词是什么?
（2）opposite还可作形容词，意为"相反的；相对的"。
be opposite to意为"与……相反/对立"。
The bank is on the opposite side of the street.银行在街对面。
Light is opposite to shadow.光和影相对。
【拓展延伸】opposite还可作介词，意为"在……对面”，与across from 同义。
There's a school just opposite/across from our house.
我们房子对面就有一所学校。
7.advice n.建议；劝告
【用法详解】advice作不可数名词，”
基数词+piece(s) of+advice"表示"……条建议"。
He followed his doctor's advice to live on some low-fat food. 他听从医生的建议，吃些低脂肪的食物。（选自2019乐山中考第76题）
注意：suggestion作名词也意为"建议”，但它是可数名词哦！
If you can give us two pieces of advice, we can give you a discount.
如果您能给我们两条建议，我们可以给您打折。
【拓展延伸】与advice有关的短语：
give/offer sb. advice=give/offer advice to sb.给某人建议
give sb. advice on sth.在某方面给某人建议
ask sb. for advice征求某人的意见
take/follow one's advice 采纳/听从某人的建议
语境串记：Tina ________________________ yesterday. I_____________________ and she ________________________.昨天蒂娜征求我的意见，我给她提了一些建议，并且她听从了我的建议。
典例：(2018·盐城中考）Please give me some ________on how to spend the coming weekend.
A.space B. advice
C. praise D.courage
8.come true 实现
【易混辨析】come true与 realize两者均可意为“实现”，区别如下：
①come true不及物动词短语，其主语是物，且后面不能接宾语。
You can make your dream come true only through hard work.只有通过努力工作，你才能实现你的梦想。（选自2018重庆中考B卷阅读理解C篇）
②realize及物动词，其主语是人，后面要接宾语。
He realized his dream of becoming a singer.他实现了成为一名歌手的梦想。
【拓展延伸】与come相关的其他短语：
___________________落下；降落
___________________发展；加油
___________________进来
___________________出版；开花
___________________来自
___________________提出；想出
___________________遇见
___________________追随，追赶
典例：根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。
（天津中考）努力学习，你的梦想就会实现。
Work hard, and your dream will___________________
9.manager n.经理；管理人
He is the sales manager of a company.他是一家公司的销售部经理。
【拓展延伸】
___________________n.经理
___________________v.控制住；管理
___________________n.经营；管理
语境串记：Jack is the new ___________________of this company. He has rich experience in___________________ and he___________________the company very well.杰克是这家公司新来的经理。他有着丰富的管理经验，并且他把这家公司管理得很好。
10.business n.企业，公司；买卖，生意
【用法详解】（1）business在此处作可数名词，意为"公司，企业，商业机构”。
Her dream is to have her own business.她的梦想是拥有自己的企业。
(2）business还可作不可数名词，意为"买卖，生意"。
We do business with a number of Italian companies.
我们和一些意大利公司做生意。
【拓展延伸】与 business有关的短语：
___________________经营企业
___________________从事商业活动
___________________出差
It's none of my business.不关我的事。
语境串记：When Lucas left school, he ___________________with his brother. Now they ___________________ together. To ___________________well, they often go abroad ___________________.卢卡斯毕业后和他哥哥去经商了。现在他们一起经营一家企业。为了把生意经营好，他们经常去国外出差。
11.creative adj.创造性的
What a creative boy he is! His mind is full of strange ideas all the time.多么有创造力的男孩啊！他的脑子里总是充满了奇怪的想法。（选自2018连云港中考第58题）
【拓展延伸】
___________________(n.创造；创作）
___________________(v.创造，创作）
___________________(adj.创造性的）
___________________(adv.创造性地）
___________________(n.创造者）
典例：(2019·滨州中考）The artist is so______________that he can make different changing pictures with sand.
A.common B.careless
C. Creative D.helpful
12.goal n.目标
【用法详解】goal作名词，常用短语有：
___________________确立目标
____________________________向某一/某人的目标努力
___________________达到目标
______________________________________一个短期/长期目标
语境串记：I________________________for the new term. To___________________, I need to study hard and exercise much. As long as I______________________and never give up,I believe my dream can come true.我为新学期确立了一个短期目标。为了达到目标，我需要努力学习、多加锻炼。只要我朝着目标努力并且永不
放弃，我相信我的梦想就能实现。
【拓展延伸】goal作名词，还可意为"射门；进球得分”。
get/make a goal意为"进球，得分"。
We beat them by three goals to two.我们以3:2击败了他们。
13.choice n.选择
【用法详解】choice作可数名词，其复数形式为choices，动词形式为choose。
Perhaps it is time to think about your choices and to prepare for them.也许现在是时候考虑一下你的选择并为它们做准备了。（选自2018嘉兴中考阅读理解B篇）
【拓展延伸】与choice有关的短语：
___________________作出选择
____________________________别无选择，只能做某事
Hang on or give up,you should make a choice.坚持还是放弃，你应该作出选择。
I have no choice but to refuse him.我别无选择，只能拒绝他。
典例：（2019·黄冈中考改编）一Oh！We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?
-I'm afraid that we have no_______but to take a taxi.
A.idea B. decision
C.reason D.choice
14.strict adj.严厉的；严格的
【用法详解】strict作形容词，可作表语或定语。相关短语有：
(1）____________________________对某事要求严格
We should be strict in our work.我们对工作应该严格要求。
(2）____________________________（在某方面）对某人要求严格
His father is very strict with him in study.在学习方面他父亲对他要求很严格。
15.punish v.处罚；惩罚
【用法详解】punish作动词，其用法如下：
(1)____________________________因（做）某事惩罚某人
She punished the children for breaking the window.
她因为孩子们打破了窗户而惩罚了他们。
(2)____________________________以……来惩罚某人
The teacher punished the noisy children by making them clean the classroom.
老师罚那些吵闹的孩子们打扫教室。
【拓展延伸】______________________作名词，意为"惩罚；处罚”。
He got an unjust punishment.他受到了不公正的处罚。
16.wise adj.聪明的；智慧的；明智的
【用法详解】wise作形容词，在句中可作表语或定语。其副词形式为____________，意为"明智地"。
It was wise of Peter to choose something that he knew well.
彼得很明智，选择了他很了解的事物。
You have made a wise decision.你做了个明智的决定。
We should use our time wisely.我们应该明智地利用我们的时间。
【拓展延伸】wise的名词形式为____________,意为"智慧"。
Our English teacher is a woman of great wisdom.我们的英语老师是一个才女。
典例：根据句意及所给汉语提示完成句子。
(2018· 宿迁中考）Natural resources are very important for us,and we should use them____________（明智地）.
17.no matter what...无论.….
【用法详解】no matter what 相当于 whatever,可引导让步状语从句。
No matter what/Whatever happens, I'll stand by you.
不管发生什么事，我都支持你。
【拓展延伸】
no matter who=____________无论是谁
________________________ =however 无论怎样
no matter where=____________不管哪里
________________________=whenever无论什么时候
No matter where you go,take a book with you.无论你去哪里，都要随身带一本书。（选自2018宿迁中考任务型阅读）
No matter when you are free,you can come here for a cup of coffee.
无论你什么时候有时间，你都可以来这儿喝杯咖啡。
典例：英汉互译。(2018·滨州中考）
No matter how hard your situation is, you had better not give up.
________________________________________________
词汇精练
I. 英汉词组互译。
1. talk about_________ 2. 在将来_________
3. a fear of heights_________ 4. 实现_________
5. on weekends________ 6. 长大________
7. take steps to do sth._______ 8. 飞机模型________
9. run a business________ 10. 给某人建议________
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1. You must do your homework c________.
2. She m________be a teacher when she’s older. 　
3. What’s your________ (目标) of your study?
4. The boy needs some good________ (建议). 　
5. I work hard to i________my English. 　　
6. The o________of near is far.
7. She is good at ________ (帮助) people.
8. Every student in our class________ (做) his homework every day.
9.He’s ________(创造) a whole new language of painting.
10. My teacher is s_______ with herself in her work.
III.用括号中所给词的适当的形式填空。
1. One day, Tom and Lynn_______ (meet) at the school gate.　
2. I have fear of _______(high).
3. Why do you make_______ (she) sad?
4. They want_______ (be) good students.
5. I hope_______ (have) a holiday next month.
6. It’s nice_______ (talk) with my good friends.
7. I will tell you if I _______( know) the news.
8.You’d better_______ (think) about the suggestion.
IV. 用括号中形容词的比较级或最高级填空。
1. Bob is __________(tall) than any other boy in his class.
2. China is one of ___________(large) countries in the world.
3. Which is _____________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?
4. A dictionary is much _____________ (expensive) than a story-book.
5. Miss Chen is _____________ (popular) than Mr. Wang.
6. Playing computer games is ____________ (interesting) of all the activities.
7. The Nile river is _____________ (long) river in the world.
8. Lucy is as _______(wise) as Lily.
【参考答案】
I. 英汉词组互译。
1.谈论 2.in the future 3.恐高 4. come true 5.在周末
6.grow up 7.采取措施做某事 8.model planes 9.经营生意
10. give sb. advice/give advice to sb.
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1. carefully　2. might　 3. goal　4. advice　5. improve　
6. opposite　7. helping　 8. does 9.creating 10.strict
III.用括号中所给词的适当的形式填空。
1. met 2.heights 3.her 4.to be
5.to have 6. to talk 7. know 8.think
IV. 用括号中形容词的比较级或最高级填空。
1.taller 2.the largest 3.heavier 4.more expensive
5. more popular 6.the most interesting 7.the longest 8. wise
句式精讲
1.You might be a scientist when you grow up.你长大后可能会成为一名科学家。
①might 可能，也许；可以
【用法详解】might是情态动词，表示推测、期望或请求许可等。might 表示推测时，可能性比may小。否定形式为might not”可能不"。
He might be at home because today is Sunday.
他可能在家，因为今天是周日。（可能性较小）
He may be at home because I saw his car in the yard.
他可能在家，因为我在院子里看见了他的车。（可能性较大）
Might I have your e-mail address?你可以给我你的电子邮箱地址吗？（表示请求）
【拓展延伸】might 还可以看作是may 的过去式。
He said he might come here.他说他可能来这儿。
典例：(西宁中考）—What will the weather be like tomorrow?
-It____________be rainy,cloudy or sunny. I'm not sure.
A.must B. should
C.can't D.might
②scientist n. 科学家
The scientist has failed many times,but he never gives up.
这个科学家曾失败过多次，但是他从未放弃。
【拓展延伸】science作名词，意为"科学"；scientific作形容词，意为"科学的"。
语境串记：Jerry's favourite subject is____________ ,and he wants to be a____________ in the future.To make his dream come true,he has decided to learn more____________ knowledge.杰里最喜欢的科目是科学，并且他将来想成为一名科学家。为了实现他的梦想，他决定学习更多的科学知识。
③grow v.生长；增加
【用法详解】grow作动词，其过去式和过去分词分别为____________，____________其用法如下：
（1）表示”（植物）生长；（人或动物）成长”。短语grow up意为”长大；成长”。
Tomatoes grow best in direct sunlight.西红柿在阳光直射下长得最好。
The bear is growing fatter and fatter.这只熊长得越来越肥。
As we are growing up,we really need advice from adults.
随着我们（逐渐）长大，我们真的需要听从成人的建议。（选自2018重庆中考A卷短文填空）
（2）表示“增加；扩大“。
She is growing in confidence all the time.她的信心在不断增强。
【拓展延伸】grow 还可作系动词，意为“变得；变成”，后接形容词作表语，强调逐渐变化的过程。
My younger brother is growing tall.我的弟弟渐渐长高了。
2.I have a fear of heights,but that won't stop me from being a pilot.我恐高，但那
不会阻止我成为一名飞行员。（教材P68）
①have a fear of...害怕……；担忧……
【用法详解】fear 在此处作名词，意为"害怕；惧怕；担忧"。have a fear of...意为"害怕……；担忧……"，其中of为介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
have a fear of heights意为"恐高"。
I have a fear of snakes.我怕蛇。
Mike has a fear of failing the exam because he has little time to study.
因为很少有时间去学习，所以麦克担心考试会不及格。
②height n.高度；身高
【用法详解】height作名词，相关短语有：
________________________的高度
________________________的高度
________________________在高度上
What's your height? 你多高?
The plane flew at a height of 3,000 metres.飞机在三千米的高空飞行。
The building is 20 metres in height. 这座 楼高20 米。
典例:根据句意及汉语提示，填写句中所缺的单词。
(滨州中考）My chemistry teacher isn't tall or short.He's of medium_______（身高）.
③stop sb.(from)doing sth.
【用法详解】该结构意为"阻止某人做某事”，其中from可以省略。 该结构相当于keep sb.from doing sth.(其中from不可省略）。
We must stop the wind(from) blowing in.=We must keep the wind from blowing in.我们必须阻止风刮进来。
典例：用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
We must stop people from____________ (cut)down trees,or the environment will get worse.
3.I can take small steps to overcome my fear.我可以采取一些小措施来克服我的
恐惧。（放材P68）
①take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事
【用法详解】step作名词，在此处意为”步骤；措施”。
take steps to do sth.意为"采取措施做某事"。
We should take steps to prevent war.我们应当采取措施阻止战争。
【拓展延伸】step作名词的其他搭配：
(1）________________________一步一步地；逐渐地
He teaches the boy step by step.他一步一步地教这个男孩。
(2）________________________走路小心；言行小心谨慎
Hi,boys!Watch your step！嗨，男孩们！走路当心！
②overcome v.克服；解决
【用法详解】overcome作动词，其过去式和过去分词分别为______________,______________.overcome 的同义短语为get over。
It is important for them to learn to meet challenges and overcome them.对他们来说，学会迎接挑战并克服它们是很重要的。（选自2019黄石中考完形填空）
典例：根据首字母填空。
(2018·成都中考）At last, Ann o____________ her shyness and gave us a speech in public.
4.It's hard to choose just one.仅仅选择一个是困难的。（教材P74）
It is + adj.+ to do sth.
【用法详解】该句式意为“做某事是………的”，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。
It's so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真好。
【拓展延伸】
①It's + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 意为”对某人来说做某事是……的"，形容词通常是
easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等说明事物特点或表示客观情况的形容词。
It's very easy for him to learn two foreign languages. 对他来说学两门外语很容易。
②It's + adj.+ of sb. to do sth.意为"某人做某事是……的"，形容词通常是good, kind, nice, clever, foolish 等表示人的性格、品德、主观情感或态度的形容词。
It's very nice of you to help me.你能帮我真是太好了。
典例：（2018·乐山中考）—Julia,your mobile phone is ringing.
-Wait a minute. It's dangerous_____________it while crossing the street.
answering B.answer C.to answer
句式精练
I.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 那个男孩有太多的问题要问。
The boy has _____ _____ _____ to ask.
2. 无论我到哪里，我都会想着你。
_____ _____ _____I go, I will be thinking of you.
3. 只要你努力，你的英语就会讲得很好。
If you work hard, you ______ _____ _____well.
4. 我不知道他会不会成功。
I wonder_______ ______ _______ _______.
5.下周李梅将在班会上给我们做演讲。
Li Mei is going to ______ ______ _____ to us at the class meeting next week.
6. 我希望拥有一辆自己的车。
I hope ______ ______ my own car.
7. 张老师经常给我们一些建议。
Mr. Zhang often ______ ______ ______ ______.
8.我姐姐经常鼓励我努力学习。
My sister often______ me ______ study hard.
9.再过20年我们再相见。
　 We’ll meet_______ _________ _______years.
10. 你知道你长大以后将成为什么吗？
　 Do you know ______ ______are going to ______when you’re older?
II. 句型转换。
1. To speak English is very hard. (同义句)
______is very hard ______ ______English.
They have studied twenty more books. (同义句)
They have studied ______ ______books.
3. He is a good basketball player. (同义句)
He______ ______ _______basketball.
4. I think Bill knows that news.　 (否定句)　
　I ______ ______Bill ______ that news.
5. Whatever he is doing, you must stop him.(改为同义句)
______ ______ _______ he is doing, you must stop him.
I am tall, but Jack is taller.(合并为一句)
Jack is ______ _______ I.
I want to know how I can make my watch work. (改为同义句)
I want to know _______ _______ ______ my watch work.
You’d better write to your friend soon. (改为否定句)
You’d better _______ _______ to your friends soon.
【参考答案】
I.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. too many questions 2. No matter where 3. will speak English
4.if he will succeed 5.give a talk 6.to have
7. gives us some advice 8.encourages, to
9.in another twenty
10. what you, be
II. 句型转换。
1. It, to speak 2. another twenty 3. is good at/does well in
4. don’t think, knows 5. No matter what 6.taller than
7.how to make 8. not write