Unit 6 Go With Transportation 语法讲解+练习(含答案）

语法精讲
动词不定式
I like to walk.我喜欢步行。(教材P82)
I like to take a train to other cities.我喜欢乘火车去别的城市。（教材P82)
Everything seems to have wheels, engines or wing.
所有的东西似乎都有轮子、发动机或者翅膀。（教材P86）
语法慨述：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，它没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语。其构成形式：to+动词原形，其中to为不定式符号，本身无实义。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语，宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
考向①作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语（it无词义），而将真正的主语（动词不定式）置于句末。常用句型：lt+be + adj.(+for/of sb.)+ to do sth.意为"做某事(对某人而言）是……的”；It takes sb.some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
It was generous of you to give away so much money.你很大方，捐出这么多钱。
It's very difficult for us to climb up the tree. 对我们来说，爬上那棵树是很困难的。
It takes me two hours to finish my homework.我花了两个小时完成我的家庭作业。
典例：(昆明中考）Nowadays，it's convenient and cheap for us____________a shared-bicycle.
A.ride B.to ride
C. flying D . to fly
考向②作宾语
1.后接不定式作宾语的动词:want/need/agree/hope/wish/like/begin/try/forget/learn
decide等。
Larry hopes to improve his English, so he keeps practicing it every day.拉里希望提高他的英语水平，因此他每天坚持练习。（选自2018青岛中考第12题）
2.当find，think，make后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面，即”find/think/make it + adj.+ to do sth."。
I found it difficult to solve the problem.我发现解决这个问题很难。
考向③作宾语补足语
后接不定式作宾补的动词有：advise/allow/ask/encourage/expect/invite/order/
Teach/tell/want等。构成"advise/allow/.….sb.to do sth."结构，其否定形式是在动词不定式前加not,即advice/allow/...sb.not to do sth.。
He always encourages me to work hard.他总是鼓励我努力工作。
My mom told me not to spend too much time on games.
妈妈告诉我不要在游戏上花费太多时间。
2.使役动词(let,make,have等)和感官动词(see,hear,listen to,watch,notice,feel等)后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。另外，help后的不定式可带to也可不带to。
The teacher made him clean the classroom.老师让他打扫教室。
I saw her give her seat to an old lady on the bus yesterday.昨天我在公共汽车上看到她把座位让给了一位老奶奶。（选自2018烟台中考听力材料）
Sometimes I help my mother(to)do the cooking.有时我帮妈妈做饭。
巧学妙记:不定式省略to
一感(feel)
二听(hear,listen to)
三让(make,have,let)
四看(see,watch,notice,observe)
半帮助(help，其后的不定式可带可不带to)
典例： It's blowing hard outside. Tell him____________ the window.
A. not to open B.not open
C.to not open D.don't open
考向④作表语
动词不定式作表语时，通常表示愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。
Their duty is to look after the animals.→ To look after the animals is their duty.
他们的职责是照看动物。
考向⑤作定语
动词不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。
Bicycling was a great way to get the kids out of the house and into the fresh air without spending any money.骑行是把孩子们带出家呼吸新鲜空气的好方法，并且不用花钱。(选自2018舟山中考阅读理解C篇）
考向⑥作状语
动词不定式作状语时，主要作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。
W e have eaten up all the fruit already,so we'd better go to the supermarket to buy some.我们已经吃完了所有的水果，因此我们最好去超市买一些。(作目的状语）（选自2018连云港中考第57题）
I'm sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打扰你了。(作原因状语）
He woke up to find himself alone in the house.他醒来发现房子里只剩他一个人了。(作结果状语)
典例：(2019·天津中考）The government is setting up nature parks,____________
protect pandas.
A. to help B.help
C.helped D.helps
考向⑦“特殊疑问词+动词不定式“结构
动词不定式可以与疑问副词(when，where，how等)和疑问代词(who，what，which等)连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
He doesn't know what to wear.他不知道要穿什么。（作宾语）
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(作主语)
The question was where to go.问题在于到哪儿去。（作表语）
典例：用所给词的适当形式填空。
(2018·宿迁中考）Squirrels always like saving some food before winter comes. But they forget where____________(find)it from time to time.
★专题训练★
(2018·德 阳中考）—What are you going to do tonight?
—I plan____________Days of Our Past.
A.watch B.watching
C.to watch D.watched
2.(2018·眉山中考）We find____________impossible for us____________a foreign language well in a short time.
A.one;learn B.it;to learn
C.that;to learn D.this;learning
3.(重庆中考A卷)-Do you have any places for the coming vacation?
-Sure.We decide____________Sansha in July.
A.visit B.visiting
C.visited D.to visit
4.Sometimes,body language in communication is a wonderful way______ourselves.
A.expressing B.to express
C. expressed D.express
5. (包头中考)-Why did you buy so many flowers!
-______I did something wrong yesterday.She is still angry with me.
A.Please B. To please
C.Pleasing D. Be pleased
参考答案：1-5 CBDBB