Unit 5 Family and Home 同步讲义 (含答案）

Unit 5 Family and Home
词汇精讲
1.the + 姓氏+ family
【用法详解】the Smith family意为”史密斯一家"。"the+姓氏+family"表示”……一家人”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The Black family live in Beijing.布莱克一家人住在北京。
The White family are having supper in the restaurant.
怀特一家人正在餐馆吃晚饭。
【拓展延伸】"the+姓氏的复数形式”也可以表示”……一家人”或”……夫妇二人”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Do you know the Carters?你认识卡特一家人/夫妇吗?
The Turners are from the U.K.特纳夫妇/一家人来自英国。
2.drive v.驾驶；用车送……n.驱车旅行
【用法详解】(1)drive在此处作动词，意为"驾驶；用车送……"。"drive sb. to+地点名词"意为"开车把某人送到某地"。
He drives a car to work every day. 他每天开车去上班。
I can drive you to school tomorrow morning.我明天早上可以开车送你去上学。
(2）drive还可作名词，意为"驱车旅行"。___________________意为"开车兜风"。
Let's go for a drive.我们开车兜风吧。
【拓展延伸】____________为名词，意为"司机；驾驶员"。
Don't talk to the driver now. He is driving. 现在不要和驾驶员说话。他正在开车。
语境串记：My father is a taxi _______________. He can ____________very well.He often asks me to go for a _________with him.我爸爸是一名出租车司机。他车开得非常好。他经常要我和他一起开车兜风。
3. have no brothers or sisters
①no 没有；无
【用法详解】no在此处作限定词，意为”没有；无”，具体用法如下：
113855522225
no+可数名词单数=not a/an+可数名词单数
no 没有；无
限定词 no+不可数名词/可数名词复数
=not any +不可数名词/可数名词复数
694055190500I have no plan for the weekend.=I don't have a plan for the weekend.我周末没有计划。
no+可数名词单数
789305173990There is no water in the glass.=There isn't any water in the glass.玻璃杯里没有水。
no+不可救名词
700405189230I have no classes today.=I don't have any classes today.我今天没有课。
no+可数名词复数
例如：I have no brother.=I don’t have a brother. 我没有兄弟。
There is no water in the cup.=____________________________________.
杯子里没有水。
②or conj.也不
【用法详解】or作连词，常用于否定句中，连接两个或多个并列成分，相当于肯定句中的and。
He can't read or write.他不会读，也不会写。
She doesn't like coffee or tea.她不喜欢咖啡，也不喜欢茶。
【拓展延伸】or作连词还可意为“或者，还是”，用来引出另一种可能性。
Is she a doctor or a nurse?她是医生还是护土?
Are you coming or not?你来还是不来?
典例：按要求完成句子。
He likes skating and swimming.(变成否定句）
He___________ ___________ skating ___________ swimming.
4.strong adj.强壮的；强健的
【用法详解】strong作形容词，在句中可作表语或者定语。
I'm not strong enough to carry the heavy box.
我力气不够大，搬不动这个重箱子。（作表语）
He has a strong body.他有一副健壮的体格。(作定语）
【拓展延伸】strong的其他含义：
①（自然力或物理力）强的；强劲的
What a strong wind!多强劲的一阵风呀！
②(观点、信念等)坚决的；坚定的
The boy has a strong will.这个男孩有着坚强的意志。
③（物体）坚固的，结实的
The wall is very strong. 这堵墙很结实。
④强大的
The football team is very strong.这支足球队很强。
5.talk to sb.about sth.与某人谈论某事
【用法详解】talk to sb.about sth.意为"与某人谈论某事”，talk在此处作动词，意为"谈论”；about为介词，意为"关于"。_____________________意为"与某人谈话"，_____________________意为"谈论某人/某事"。
The teacher is talking to Mary about her homework.
老师正在与玛丽谈论她的家庭作业。
Be quiet!Mum is talking with Grandma.安静点儿！妈妈正在和奶奶说话。
They are talking about their trip.他们正在谈论他们的旅行。
【拓展延伸】talk还可作名词，意为"谈话；交谈”，常用
在短语_____________________中，意为"与某人谈话”。
He is having a talk with his teacher.他正在和他的老师谈话。
6.be close to sb.与某人亲近
【用法详解】该短语中，be动词的形式要随着主语的人称和单复数进行变化；close作形容词，在此处意为"亲近的；亲密的"。
Mary is my close friend.玛丽是我亲密的朋友。
Our teacher is close to us.我们的老师和我们很亲近。
【拓展延伸】close的其他用法：
①动词，意为“关闭；关；合上”，反义词为open"打开"。
Close your books and let's have a test. 合上你们的书，我们要进行测试了。
②形容词，意为”近的；接近的"，表示位置关系，be close to意为"离……近"。
My house is close to the park.我家离公园很近。
7.hard 的用法
【用法详解】(1)hard在此处作副词，意为"努力地”修饰动词work。此外，hard作副词，还可意为”艰难地；大量地”。
Everyone studies hard at school.每个人都在学校里努力学习。
It's raining hard.雨下得很大。
(2）hard 还可以作形容词，意为“坚硬的；难懂的，困难的"。
The stone is so hard.石头非常坚硬。
It's hard for me to understand the sentence.理解这个句子对我来说很难。
She lives a hard life with her mother. 她和妈妈过着艰苦的生活。
【易错警示】hardly为表示否定意义的副词，意为”几乎不"，并非hard的副词形式。
I can hardly finish the work in one week. 我几乎无法在一周后完成这项工作。
8.beside prep.在……的旁边
【用法详解】beside作介词，意为”在……的旁边"，常用于表示位置关系。其同义词组为next to。
I am sitting beside Helen.=I am sitting next to Helen.我坐在海伦的旁边。
There is a bookstore beside our school.我们学校旁边有一家书店。
【易混辨析】beside，near与by
near表示相对的“近”，实际距离可能还很远。
例如：Tianjin is near Beijing. 天津离北京很近。
by和beside都表示“靠近”，实际距离不可能很远，侧重于位置关系，既可表动态，也可表静态。beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。
例如：He was sitting beside her. 他坐在她旁边。
There is a town beside the sea. 在海边有一个城镇。
（3）by表示“在……旁边”，侧重于眼前，多用于口语中，有时可与beside互换。例如：He was sitting by the window. 他坐在窗户旁边。
典例：（2018·天津中考）In the picture,he sits___________me,looking very happy.
A. beside B. among
C.up D.through
9. in front of 在……前面
【易混辨析】in front of与in the front of
二者均为介词短语，意为”在……前面”，但表示的位置关系不同：
①in front of在某一物体外部的前面，反义词为 behind
②in the front of在某一物体内部的前面，反义短语为at the back of
Jack is sitting in the front of a red car,and there is a yellow cat in front of the
car.杰克坐在一辆红色汽车的前座，车前面有一只黄色的猫。
典例：（丹东中考）-Why are you unhappy these days,Julie?
—I can't see the blackboard because two tall boys sits_________me.
A.behind B.next to
C.in front of D.between
10.above prep.在……之上
【易混辨析】above, on与over
三者均表示"在……之上”，区别如下：
①above指在某物的上方，但并不一定是在正上方，物体之间没有接触。反义词为below"在……下面"。
②on 指某物在另一物体的上面，通常是在表面，两者之间有接触。
③over 多指某物在另一物的正上方，两者不接触，但强调垂直关系。反义词为under"在……下方"。
My favourite book is on the desk.我最喜欢的书在书桌上。
A plane is flying over the city.一架飞机正从城市的上方飞过。
The light is above the bed.这盏灯在床的上方。
11.look out 小心；注意
【用法详解】1ook out在此处意为"小心；注意”，常用于祈使句，在某种紧急的情况下或者可能出现危险的场合用来提醒对方小心。其同义短语为be careful或
watch out。
Look out!The car is coming.小心！汽车来了。
Look out,Grandma! There is a stone on the road.奶奶，小心！路上有一块石头。
【拓展延伸】（1）look out还可意为"向外看”，常与介词of搭配，look out of 意为”从……往外看”。
He looked out of the window and saw a black horse.
他向窗外看了看，看到了一匹黑色的马。
（2）与look 相关的其他短语：
___________________看
___________________照顾
___________________寻找
___________________环视四周
___________________浏览
___________________查（词典）；查阅
12.have a birthday party(for sb.)(为某人）举办生日聚会
【用法详解】have在此处意为"举办”，类似的短语还有have a concert(举办音乐会），have a meeting(开会）等。
We will have a birthday party for you on Sunday.
我们要在周日为你举办一个生日聚会。
Mr. Zhang is having a meeting in Shanghai.张先生正在上海开会。
【拓展延伸】与 birthday 相关的短语：
___________________生日蛋糕
___________________生日卡片
___________________生日舞会
___________________生日歌
___________________生日愿望
___________________生日礼物
13.soft/soft/ adj.软的；柔软的
【用法详解】soft作形容词，意为"软的；柔软的"，其反义词为hard"坚硬的"。soft的副词形式为softly（柔和地；轻轻地）。
She always speaks in a soft voice.她说话总是很轻柔。
The snow feels soft and cold.雪摸上去既柔软又冰凉。
The mother is singing to her baby softly.妈妈正轻柔地唱歌给她的宝宝听。
【拓展延伸】soft作形容词，还可意为"（声音）轻的；轻柔的；柔和悦耳的"。soft music意为"轻音乐"。
My uncle often listens to soft music to relax himself after a busy day.我的叔叔经常在忙碌的一天后听轻音乐放松自己。（选自2018泰州中考词汇运用）
14.cook v.烹饪；烹调
【用法详解】cook作动词，常用结构：cook sb. sth.=cook sth.for sb.，意为"为某人做……(食物）"。
My mother is good at cooking. 我妈妈擅长烹饪。
Mr. Li always cooks supper for his family on Friday evening.
李先生总是在周五晚上为他的家人做晚饭。
【拓展延伸】cook 还可作名词，意为"厨师"；cooker作名词，意为“厨灶，炉具”。
My uncle is a famous cook.我的叔叔是一个著名的厨师。
Each family has a rice cooker at home now.现在每个家庭都有电饭煲。
语境串记：Bill is a famous ___________. He is good at ___________and he takes good care of his ___________.比尔是一个著名的厨师。他擅长烹饪，并且他把他的炉具保管得很好。
15. set the table
set the table摆放餐具
【用法详解】set在此处作及物动词，意为"摆放（餐具）”，其动词-ing形式为setting,过去式为set。
You can help me set the table.你可以帮我摆放餐具。
【拓展延伸】set作动词，还可意为"放，置；落下"。
She set some food and drinks before us.她把一些食物和饮料放在我们面前。
The sun sets early these days. 这些天，太阳落山很早。
【拓展】set sail 启航；set an example 树立榜样
词汇精练
I. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1. He is a _____________ (成员) of the Labor Party.
2. Mr. Green is a _____________(男警察).
3. My _____________(儿子) is a student. His name is Mike.
4. Mrs. Green is a doctor. Her _____________(女儿) is Alice.
5. What’s wrong with your _____________(收音机) ?
6. Can you c_____________ the box for me?
7. He works h_____________ at school and gets good marks.
8. My English teacher is sitting b_____________ her daughter.
9. How many birthday p_____________ do you get?
10. Jim is a bus driver and he d_____________ well.
11. Let’s go shopping t_____________.
12. Please be q_____________. The baby’s sleeping.
13. Thirteen and seventeen is t_____________.
14. She is sleeping in the b_____________.
15. Li Ming has a happy f_____________. They live in Canada.
16. He has n_____________ brothers or sisters.
II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。
1. The Smith family _____________(be) my friends.
2. He writes two _____________(poem) for his school.
3. The company(公司) now _____________(use) a computer to do all its account(账目).
4. They’re _____________(talk) on the police radio.
5. There are _____________(lot) of apples on the tree.
6. We need two _____________(basket) of oranges for the party!
III. 从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。
use…to…, set the table, in the front of, be close to
talk to sb. about sth., have fun, listen to, a basket of
1. The teacher is standing ____________ the classroom.
2. Jenny is _____________ for supper.
3. I want to ______________ him _____________ his study.
4. My grandma likes _____________ the radio in the morning.
5. He often _____________ the camera _____________ take photos.
6. We _____________ playing basketball today.
7. There is _____________ grapes on the ground.
8. My sister _____________ my grandma.
【参考答案】
I. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. member 2. policeman 3. son 4. daughter 5. radio 6. carry 7. hard 8. beside
9. presents 10. drives 11. together 12. quiet 13. thirty 14. bedroom 15. family 16. no
II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。
1. are 2. poems 3. uses 4. talking 5. lots 6. baskets
III. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. in the front of 2. setting the table 3. talk to; about 4. listening to
5. uses; to 6. have fun 7. a basket of 8. is close to
句式精讲
1.Jenny's family members 詹妮的家庭成员（教材P66）
①family n.家，家庭
【用法详解】family为名词，作主语时，若强调一个整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；若强调家庭中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
His family is large. 他家是个大家庭。
His family are all tall. 他的家人都很高。
【易混辨析】family, house与home
①family家，家庭（包括父母子女），强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。
②house房屋；住宅，一般指家人所居住的建筑物。
③home家，指一个人出生或居住的地方，房屋是其中的一部分，因而也有"家
乡，故乡”的意思，它具有house所没有的感彩。
语境串记：Welcome to my___________ . We live in a big___________ .All my ___________ love each other.We have a big and happy___________.欢迎来我家。我们住在一所大房子里。我所有的家人彼此相爱。我们拥有一个又大又幸福的家庭。
②member n.成员
【用法详解】member为可数名词，其复数形式为members，多用于指团体或组织的成员。常用短语：______________________意为"……的一员"；family
members意为"家庭成员"。
There are five members in our group.我们组有五名成员。
She is a member of the school basketball team.她是校篮球队的一名成员。
What does she do?她是做什么的?（教材P66)
What + do/does+主语+do?
【用法详解】该结构常用来询问某人的职业，其答语常用"主语+be+a/an+职业名称"。
—What do you do?你是做什么的?
—I'm a taxi driver.我是一名出租车司机。
— What does your mother do?你妈妈是做什么的?
—She is a doctor.她是一名医生。
【拓展延伸】询问职业的句型还有：
(1)What's one's job?
—What's your job?你是做什么工作的?
—I'm a worker.我是一名工人。
(2)What +be+主语?
-What is your mother?你妈妈是做什么的?
-She is a maths teacher.她是一名数学老师。
【特别提醒】用"What+be+主语？“来询问职业时，主语一般不用第二人称。如果你当面问对方"What are you?"会显得很不礼貌。可以用”What do you do?"来询问对方的职业。
典例：（2018·河北中考改编）一What does your father do,John?
______________
A.He's a policeman.
B. He's thirty-five.
C. He's tall and cool.
3.She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于帮助别人。（教材P68）
others pron.其他人或物
【用法详解】others作代词，意为"其他人或物”，其后不加名词，相当于"other+可数名词复数"。
Don't tell it to others(=other people). 不要把这件事情告诉其他人。
I don't like these books. Please show me some others(=other books).我不喜欢这些书。请给我看看一些其他的书。
[用法详解] One... and the other... 为固定结构,意为 ,只能用于两者之间。
I have two brothers. One is a doctor and the other is a policeman.
我有两个弟弟。一个是医生,另一个是警察。
【易混辨析】the other, the others, other, others 与another
the other另一个，指特定的两者中的另一个,常与one连用，构成" One... the other..”结构。
the others其余的,指一个范围内除去提到的外，剩下的所有人或物，相当于" the other+可数名词复数"。
other别的,其他的,作形容词,用于泛指其他的人或物时，其后常接可数名词复数。作代词，意为"其他的人或物”,
others另一些,指剩余的部分人或物，常构成" Some. .. others...”结构,意为“一些……，另外一些……”（限于多者之间）
another另一，又一，既可作限定词又可作代词,指三者或三者以上中的另一个;用作限定词时后常接可数名词单数。
There are three buildings here. One is white, and the others are red.
这里有三栋楼。一栋是白色的，其余的(两栋)是红色的。
Some students like English and other students ( others)like math.
一些学生喜欢英语，另一些学生喜欢数学。
Buy two CDs and get another completely free. 购买两张CD即可免费获赠一张。
例2(2019 武汉中考改编) -This room is too small. I'd like to ask for .
-Sure. We have rooms available(可用的) here.
A. another B. the other C. the others D. other
4.Bob is carrying a big basket of food. 鲍勃提着一大篮子食物。（教材P72）
①carry v.携带；搬运
【用法详解】carry作动词，其第三人称单数形式为carries。
Do you always carry a handbag?你总是带着手提包吗？
Tom always carries a dictionary.汤姆总是携带一本词典。
【易混辨析】carry, take, bring与get
①carry携带；搬运,一般指随身携带，有“背；提；抱；扛；拿”等意义，不表明来去的方向。
He always helps me carry the bag.他总是帮我背着包。
The mother is carrying her baby in her arms.这位妈妈怀里抱着她的宝宝。
②take拿走；携带,指把某物或某人从说话处带到其他地方去，也可指随身携带某物。
Take your books home把你的书带回家。
She always takes an umbrella with her. 她总是随身带一把伞。
③bring 带来,指将某物或某人从别处带到说话处。
Bring me your homework.把你的家庭作业给我带来。
④get去取（或带来）,指去取了东西又回来这一往返过程，多用于口语中。
Can you get some food for me?你能帮我拿点儿食物吗？
②a basket of...一篮子……
【用法详解】a basket of...意为"一篮子……"，其复数形式为"基数词(大于1)+baskets of..."。basket作名词，意为"篮；筐"。
He brought us a basket of apples. 他给我们带来了一篮子苹果。
Here are four baskets of oranges. They are for you and your family.
这儿有四篮子橙子，是给你和你的家人的。
【拓展延伸】和a basket of 类似的短语还有很多，
例如：a glass/cup of...一玻璃杯/杯……
a box of...一盒……
a bottle of...一瓶…….
a can of...一罐……
5.And inside the card her family will write something for Grandma.在卡片里面，她的家人将会为奶奶写一些东西。（教材74）
【句式剖析】本句包含由"will+动词原形”构成的一般将来时结构，用来表示将来会发生的动作或会出现的状态。
We will have a test tomorrow.我们明天将有一场考试。
①inside prep.& adv.在……的里面；在里面
【用法详解】（1）inside在此处作介词，意为"在……的里面”，其反义词为outside,意为"在……的外面"。
Put your books inside the box. 把你的书放在箱子里面。
There is no water inside the bottle.瓶子里面没有水。
(2)inside还可作副词，意为"在里面；在内部”。
We should stay inside when it rains.下雨的时候我们应该待在室内。
She told me to go inside.她让我进去。
典例：（2018·滨州中考改编）Don't stay on such a sunny morning. Let's go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.
inside B.outside
C.beside D. behind
②write...for...为……写……
My father wrote a song for me.我爸爸为我写了一首歌。
Can you write an article for our school's English newspaper?
你能为我们学校的英语报纸写一篇文章吗?
句式精练
I. 连词成句。
1. my, years, twelve, brother, is, old
___________________________________________________.
2. Smith, they, family, the, are
__________________________________________________.
3. you, birthday, a, having, party, are
__________________________________________________?
4. do, does, what, sister, your
__________________________________________________?
5. playing, she, on, is, computer, the
___________________________________________________.
II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. I am doing my homework.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ you _______?
2. I have brothers and sisters.（改为否定句）
I have_______ brothers _______ sisters.
3. She is a teacher.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ she _______?
4. The picture is above the bed.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ the picture?
5.They are watching TV. (对划线部分提问)
_______ are _______ _______?
III. 仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空，使对话意思连贯正确。
114300018415A. What a good day, isn’t it?
B. We have one at 11:30 a.m.
C. Is your school close to your home?
D. What’s your favourite sport?
E. When do you usually begin your homework?
F. Which subject do you like best?
G. When does the school day usually end?
A. What a good day, isn’t it?
B. We have one at 11:30 a.m.
C. Is your school close to your home?
D. What’s your favourite sport?
E. When do you usually begin your homework?
F. Which subject do you like best?
G. When does the school day usually end?
A: _____1_____
B: Yes, it is, so I go to school on foot.
A: Do you have a lunch break?
B: Yes. _____2_____
A: _____3_____
B: At 3:30 p.m. Most students go home when the bell rings, but some of us take part in after-school activities. I enjoy playing basketball.
A: _____4_____
B: At about 5:30.
A: _____5_____
B: History.
【参考答案】
I. 连词成句。
1. My brother is twelve years old.
2. They are the Smith family.
3. Are you having a birthday party?
4. What does your sister do?
5. She is playing on the computer.
II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. What are; doing 2. no; or 3. What does; do 4. Where is 5. What; they doing
III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. Happy Birthday! 2. Where is 3. How old 4. Who is
5. using; to make 6. writing a poem for 7. no; or 8. has; and
IV. 仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空，使对话意思连贯正确。
1.C 2. B 3. G 4. E 5. F