Unit 6 Let's Go! 语法祈使句精讲 (含答案）

1205230012319000祈 使 句
1.祈使句的定义及句式特征：
定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。
Go and wash your hands. (表命令)
Be quite, please. （Please be quiet.）（表请求）
Be kind to your sister.（表劝告）
Watch your steps.（表警告）
No parking. (表禁止)
2.肯定形式（动词原形开头）
1）以系动词be开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构：
be+形容词 / 名词
Be quiet / quick!
Be a good student!
Be careful when crossing the street.
2）以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为：
动词原形+宾语（+其他）。
Come in, please！
Please open your books！
Put them away!
let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）
Let him do it by himself.
Let me help you.
Let’s go to the park.
3.否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词（never）来表示）
1）be型（Don’t be +其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语））
Don’t be careless!
Never be late again next time!
注意：①在这种句型中，be不能省略
②否定副词not不可置于be之后
2）do型（Don’t +动词原形+其他）
Don’t believe him!
Don’t worry!
Never do it again!
3）Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式
a. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他
Let her not do that.
Let’s not think about it. It’s only a waste of time.
b. Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Don’t let Jim do that.
Don’t let us go, please.
4) 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词 / V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：
No photos! 禁止拍照！
No parking!
注意：
1). 在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末please，但是如果please加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。
Sit down, please.
Please look after the twins.
2). 在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。
This way, please.
3). 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用do.
Do be careful！一定要小心！
4). 有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语you，人名或everybody, anybody等不定代词。
You sweep the floor and I clean the window.
Stand up, everybody.
5).有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。
Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.
4.祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分,通常有以下三种形式：
1).祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。例如：
Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?
今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2).祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?
不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3). Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如：
Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?
晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
一．翻译下列句子。
1.开门！
2.现在起床并整理你的床铺。

3.对他严格点！
4.把电视声音关小点。
5.慢点儿！
二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. (say) it again.
2. (close) the window, please.
3. (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and (be) polite.
4. (not, let) the baby cry.
5.Let’s (not, say) anything about it.
6.No ! (fish)
7.Never (cheat) others.
参考答案：
翻译下列句子。
Open the door.
Get up now and make your bed.
Be strict with him.
Turn down the TV.
Be slow.
二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Say 2.Close 3.Don’t speak ;be 4.Don’t let 5.not say 6.fishing 7.cheat
祈使句练习题
一、单项选择
1．__________ your books and look at the blackboard.
A. Close s B. Close
C. Closing D. To close
2．－Tom, _______late for school again. －Sorry, I won’t.
A. isn’t B. doesn’t be
C. don’t be D. not be
3．—Don’t come to school late next time. —_________.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I can’t C. Sorry, I won’t
4．Jim, _____ look outside. Look at the map.
A. doesn’t
B. don’t
C. isn’t
5．______ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep.
A.Don’t B.Doesn’t
C.Aren’t D.Can’t
6.Just_______ here and don't go anywhere, or your parents won't find you.
A. to stay B. stays
C. stay D. staying
7．—Tom , Don’t talk. _______ what you are doing.
—Sorry, Mr. Li.
A.Pay attention to B.Be careful
C.Be patient with D.depend on
8． sleep too late, It’s bad for your health.
A. Do B. Not
C. Don’t D. please not
9．______________! We will have an exam next week.
A. Listen up B. Listen to
C. Hear D. Hear to
10．“Tom, ____ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy.”said Mum.
A.not be B.not to be
C.be not D.don’t be
11．—______ drive after drinking. It’s too dangerous(危险的).
—OK. I won’t.
A. No B. Not
C. Don’t D. Doesn't
12．It’s 11 o’clock. Please ________ our lunch.
A. ordering B. order
C. to order D. orders
13．— _______ late for school again, Tom!
— Sorry, I promise I _________.
A. Don’t, will
B. Don’t be, won’t
C. Don’t, won’t
14． sleep in class!
A、No B、Not C、Don’t
15．_____ hard and you’ll succeed sooner or later.
A. Study B. To study
C. Studying D. Studied
二、完成句子。
1.Will you please read it again more slowly?(改为祈使句)
again more slowly, please.
2.The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. (改为祈使句)
careless, please.
3.If you don’t listen to me, I'll go. (改为同义句)
me, or I’ll go.
4.If you move, you’ll die. (改为同义句)
, or you'll die.
5.做作业时不要听音乐。
music while you are doing your homework.
快点，否则你将会迟到。 ( hurry, or)

参考答案：
一：1-5 BCCBA 6-10 CACAD 11-15 CBBCA
二：1.Read it
Don’t be
Listen to
Don’t move
Don’t listen to
Hurry up, or you will be late.