安徽省2021年中考英语语法专题突破十一　非谓语动词(共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
专题十一　非谓语动词
动词不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语的用法。
近几年安徽中考都没有涉及对非谓语动词的考查,但非谓语动词在单项填空、完形填空、单词拼写的题干设置及书面表达中都有涉及,因此在中考复习时仍然有必要了解这一语法要点。
考点1　动词不定式
动词不定式的基本构成是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
1.动词不定式的常见用法:
用法
例句
作主语(通常用it作形式主语)
It’s
hard
to
improve
English
in
a
short
time.在短时间内提高英语是很难的。
作宾语(常见动词有decide,begin,hope,want,wish,plan,agree,learn,ask等)
I
decided
to
spend
my
holiday
in
the
countryside
this
summer.今年夏天我决定去乡下度假。
作宾语补足语(常见动词有ask,get,need,tell,allow,advise等)
Mom
asks
me
to
go
back
home
on
time
every
night.妈妈叫我每天晚上准时回家。
作目的状语
To
catch
the
early
bus,he
gets
up
very
early.为了赶上早班车,他起得很早。
否定形式not
to
do
The
teacher
told
me
not
to
forget
to
bring
my
homework.老师告诉我不要忘记带作业。
2.动词不定式作宾语的常见搭配:
want/would
like
to
do
sth.想要做某事
wish/hope
to
do
sth.希望做某事
help
(to)
do
sth.帮助做某事
learn
to
do
sth.学习做某事
ask
to
do
sth.要求做某事
expect
to
do
sth.期待做某事
prepare
to
do
sth.准备做某事
agree
to
do
sth.同意做某事
offer
to
do
sth.主动提出做某事
plan
to
do
sth.计划做某事
afford
to
do
sth.有能力做某事
start/begin
to
do
sth.开始做某事
decide
to
do
sth.决定做某事
refuse
to
do
sth.拒绝做某事
prefer
to
do
sth.更喜欢做某事
continue
to
do
sth.继续做某事
promise
to
do
sth.承诺做某事
fail
to
do
sth.未能做某事
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见搭配:
advise
sb.to
do
sth.建议某人做某事
allow
sb.to
do
sth.允许某人做某事
ask
sb.to
do
sth.要求/请求某人做某事
encourage
sb.to
do
sth.鼓励某人做某事
expect
sb.to
do
sth.期望某人做某事
force
sb.to
do
sth.强迫某人做某事
get
sb.to
do
sth.使/让某人做某事
hate
sb.to
do
sth.讨厌某人做某事
help
sb.(to)
do
sth.帮助某人做某事
invite
sb.to
do
sth.邀请某人做某事
leave
sb.to
do
sth.留下某人做某事
need
sb.to
do
sth.需要某人做某事
order
sb.to
do
sth.命令某人做某事
persuade
sb.to
do
sth.说服某人做某事
prefer
sb.to
do
sth.宁愿某人做某事
remind
sb.to
do
sth.提醒某人做某事
teach
sb.to
do
sth.教某人做某事
tell
sb.to
do
sth.告诉某人做某事
want
sb.to
do
sth.想要某人做某事
warn
sb.to
do
sth.提醒某人做某事
wish
sb.to
do
sth.希望某人做某事
4.动词不定式的常见句型:
(1)主语+be+certain/happy/glad/pleased/ready/sorry/sure/lucky...+to
do
sth.
(2)主语+think/make/find/feel...+it+形容词/名词+to
do
sth.
(3)主语+be+too+形容词+to
do
sth.
(4)主语+be+not+形容词+enough+to
do
sth.
(5)It’s+形容词+of/for
sb.+to
do
sth.
(6)It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
(7)Why
not
do
sth./Would/Will
you
please
(not)
do
sth./Would
you
like
to
do
sth.?和had
better
(not)
do
sth.表示向对方提出建议。
(8)主语+feel/listen
to/hear/let/make/have/see/watch/look
at/help...+宾语+do
sth.
动词不定式在使役动词(make,
let,
have等)和感官动词(feel,
listen
to,
hear,
look
at,
see,
watch,
notice等)之后作宾语补足语时,不定式需省去to。但当这些词用于被动语态时,to不能省略(let除外)。为了便于掌握,我们可以这样记:
“一感”:feel
“二听”:listen
to,
hear
“三让”:let,
make,
have
“四看”:look
at,
see,
watch,
notice
考点2　动名词
动名词的基本形式是V?ing,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
1.常见接动名词作宾语的动词或短语:
practice
doing
sth.练习做某事
consider
doing
sth.考虑做某事
enjoy
doing
sth.喜欢做某事
mind
doing
sth.介意做某事
finish
doing
sth.完成做某事
risk
doing
sth.冒险做某事
suggest
doing
sth.建议做某事
advise
doing
sth.建议做某事
avoid
doing
sth.避免做某事
discuss
doing
sth.讨论做某事
imagine
doing
sth.想象做某事
keep
doing
sth.一直做某事
keep
on
doing
sth.继续做某事
give
up
doing
sth.放弃做某事
put
off
doing
sth.推迟做某事
feel
like
doing
sth.想要做某事
2.常见的既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词或短语:
(1)remember
to
do
sth.记得要做某事(未做)
remember
doing
sth.记得做过某事(已做)
(2)forget
to
do
sth.忘记要做某事(未做)
forget
doing
sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
(3)regret
to
do
sth.遗憾要做某事(未做)
regret
doing
sth.后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
(4)try
to
do
sth.努力做某事
try
doing
sth.尝试做某事
(5)mean
to
do
sth.计划做某事
mean
doing
sth.意味着做某事
(6)can’t
help
to
do
sth.不能帮助做某事
can’t
help
doing
sth.情不自禁做某事
(7)go
on
to
do
sth.继续做某事(另一件事)
go
on
doing
sth.继续做某事(同一件事)
(8)stop
to
do
sth.停下来去做另一件事
stop
doing
sth.停下正在做的事情
单项填空
1.Paul
doesn’t
have
to
be
made　　　　.He
always
works
hard.(　
B
　)?
A.learn
B.to
learn
C.learned
D.learning
2.—Why
not
　　　　the
music
club,
Tina??
—I’d
love
to,but
I
can’t
sing
or
dance.(　
A
　)
A.join
B.to
join
C.joining
D.to
joining
3.The
traffic
is
terribly
busy
in
the
morning.
You’d
better
avoid　　　　in
the
center
of
the
city.(　
B
　)?
A.drive
B.driving
C.to
drive
D.driven
4.When
you
leave,
please
turn
off
the
light　　　　energy.
(　
D
　)?
A.save
B.saving
C.saved
D.to
save
5.—I
haven’t
seen
my
grandparents
for
long.
I’m
too
busy　　　　them
these
days.?
—Why
not
call
them
instead?(　
A
　)
A.to
visit
B.visit
C.visiting
D.visited
6.It’s
very
nice
of
you
　　　　me
the
ticket
to
Jay
Chou’s
concert.(　
B
　)?
A.get
B.to
get
C.getting
D.to
getting
7.—Tom,
did
you
talk
back
to
your
parents
when
you
were
a
child?
—Yes,
but
I
really
regret
　　　　that
silly
thing
to
them.
(　
D
　)?
A.do
B.to
doing
C.to
do
D.doing
8.—Some
children
can’t
afford　　　　necessary
things.?
—Let’s
donate(捐赠)
our
pocket
money
to
them.(　
C
　)
A.buy
B.buying
C.to
buy
D.be
bought
9.The
little
girl
was
crying
because
her
mother
didn’t
allow
her　　　　the
ice?cream.(　
C
　)?
A.eat
B.eats
C.to
eat
D.ate
10.—I
didn’t
hear
you
come
in
just
now.
—That’s
good.
We
tried
　　　　any
noise,for
you
were
sleeping.(　
B
　)?
A.not
make
B.not
to
make
C.to
make
D.making