Unit
4
Astronomy
the
science
of
the
stars
课时作业15 Grammar
Ⅰ.句型转换(将每小题中的两个简单句合并成一个复合句)
1．When
did
you
enter
the
room?
The
police
wanted
to
know
it.
→The_police_wanted_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room.
2．He
said
a
lot
at
the
meeting.
His
words
were
very
attractive.
→What_he_said_at_the_meeting_was_very_attractive.
3．It
is
a
pity.
You
missed
such
a
good
lecture.
→It_is_a_pity_that_you_missed_such_a_good_lecture.
4．We
should
practise
oral
English
for
an
hour
every
day.
That
was
our
rule.
→We_made_it_a_rule_that_we_should_practise_oral_English_for_an_hour_every_day./It_was_our_rule_that_we_should_practise_oral_English_for_an_hour_every_day.
5．Shall
we
go
picnicking
tomorrow?
It
depends
on
the
weather.
→Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather.
Ⅱ.用适当的连接词完成下列句子
1．That
they
got
divorced
so
soon
surprised
every
one
of
us.
2．Whether
we
will
go
to
visit
Hong
Kong
in
this
winter
vacation
remains
unknown.
3．Who
will
act
as
our
guide
has
not
been
decided.
4．What
made
them
excited
was
that
they
could
have
a
short
holiday.
5．Whoever
keeps
a
wolf
company
learns
to
howl.(近朱者赤，近墨者黑。)
6．It
is
said
that
Peter
will
have
a
chance
to
travel
abroad
next
month.
7．How
Liu
Yang
ate
her
food
in
space
is
what
we
want
to
know.
8．How
he
found
the
way
home
after
he
got
lost
in
the
deep
forest
is
not
clear
to
us.
9．Why
he
didn't
come
yesterday
is
unknown.
10．It
doesn't
matter
where
you'll
meet
after
school.
Ⅲ.句型训练
1．What_he_referred_to
in
his
article
was
unknown
to
the
general
readers.
他在文章中所提及的内容一般的读者并不知道。
2．The
villagers
have
already
known
what_we'll_do
is
to
rebuild
the
bridge.
村民们已经知道我们要做的事是重修这座桥。
3．It
matters
little
how
a
person
dies,
but
what
matters
much
more
is
how
he
lives.
一个人怎么死不重要，重要的是他如何活着。
4．It
remains_to_be_seen
whether
the
newly
formed
committee's
policy
can
be
put
into
practice.
新组建的委员会的政策是否会付诸实施还有待观察。
5．Whichever
one
of
you
breaks_the_window
will
have
to
pay
for
it.
你们当中无论哪一个打破窗户都必须赔偿。
Ⅰ.语法填空
The
giant
panda
__1__
(love)
by
people
throughout
the
world.
Chinese
scientists
__2__
(recent)
had
a
chance
to
study
a
wild
female
panda
with
a
newborn
baby.
She
was
a
very
__3__
(care)
mother.
For
25
days,
she
never
left
her
baby,
not
even
to
find
something
__4__
(eat)!
She
would
not
let
any
other
pandas
come
near.
She
licked
the
baby
constantly
to
keep
it
clean.
Any
smell
might
attract
natural
__5__
(enemy)
that
would
try
to
eat
the
little
panda.
The
mother
held
the
baby
in
her
front
paws
much
the
way
a
human
does.
__6__
it
cried,
she
rocked
it
back
and
forth
and
gave
it
little
comforting
pats.
The
mother
continued
to
care
for
the
young
panda
__7__
more
than
two
years.
By
that
time,
the
panda
no
longer
needed
__8__
(it)
mother
for
food.
However,
it
stayed
with
her
and
learned
about
the
ways
of
the
forest.
Then,
after
two
and
a
half
years,
the
mother
__9__
(drive)
the
young
panda
away.
It
was
time
for
her
to
have
a
new
baby,
__10__
it
was
also
time
for
the
young
panda
to
be
independent.
1．is_loved
解析：the＋单数可数名词表示一类事物，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；panda
与
love
之间为被动关系，且熊猫受人喜爱为一般事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2．recently
解析：中国科学家最近有机会研究一只野外的刚生育的熊猫妈妈。“最近”为整个句子的时间状语，故用
recent
的副词形式
recently。
3．caring/careful
解析：由下文内容可知，熊猫妈妈非常“谨慎(careful)”或者“体贴的(caring)”。此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。
4．to_eat
解析：此处考查不定代词后跟动词不定式作后置定语。something
to
eat
的意思是“吃的东西”。
5．enemies
解析：熊猫的敌人不止一个，故用复数形式。以辅音字母＋y
结尾的名词变复数时需要将
y
变为
i
再加
es。
6．When
解析：小熊猫哭的时候，熊猫妈妈会前后轻轻晃动它并且轻轻地拍它。
7．for
解析：“持续多长时间”的表达方式是“for＋一段时间”，为固定搭配。
8．its
解析：its
在此处修饰其后的名词
mother，故此处用
it
的形容
词性物主代词形式。
9．drove
解析：由前文的
stayed
和后文的
was
可以推知，熊猫妈妈让小熊猫离开她这一动作也发生在过去。
10．and
解析：“熊猫妈妈生新的宝宝”与“小熊猫也该学会独立了”之间为并列关系，and
连接两个并列简单句。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Jerry
is
the
kind
of
man
you
love
to
hate.
He
is
always
in
a(n)
__1__
mood
(心态)
and
always
has
something
__2__
to
say.
In
his
opinion,
the
bottom
line
is
your
choice
__3__
you
live
a
life.
One
morning,
he
did
something
you
are
never
__4__
to
do
in
the
restaurant
business:
he
left
the
back
door
open
and
was
__5__
up
at
gunpoint
by
three
armed
robbers.
While
trying
to
open
the
__6__，
with
his
hand
shaking
from
__7__，
he
input
the
wrong
code.
The
robbers
beat
him
and
even
__8__
him.
Luckily,
Jerry
was
found
__9__
quickly
after
the
robbers
had
fled
and
he
was
rushed
to
the
local
first
aid
centre.
After
18
hours
of
operation
and
weeks
of
good
care,
he
was
out
of
hospital
with
fragments
(碎片)
of
the
bullets
still
in
his
body.
Jerry
told
me
what
happened
after
he
was
sent
to
hospital.
He
said
the
doctors
were
__10__.
They
kept
telling
him
he
was
going
to
be
fine
and
__11__
him
into
the
emergency
room.
But
when
he
saw
the
__12__
on
the
faces
of
the
doctors
and
nurses,
he
got
really
__13__.
In
their
eyes,
he
__14__，
“He's
a
dead
man.”
He
knew
he
needed
to
take
__15__.
There
was
a
big
nurse
shouting
questions
at
him.
She
asked
if
he
was
allergic
(过敏)
to
anything,
and
the
doctors
and
nurses
stopped
working
as
they
waited
for
his
reply.
Jerry
__16__
for
a
while
and
then
he
decided
to
live.
He
took
a
deep
breath
and
said,
“Yes.
__17__！”
Over
their
laughter,
Jerry
told
them
to
operate
on
him
__18__
he
was
alive,
not
dead.
Jerry
lived,
thanks
to
the
skill
of
his
doctors,
but
also
because
of
his
amazing
__19__.
I
learnt
from
him
that
every
day
we
have
the
choice
to
live
fully.
Attitude,
__20__，
is
everything.
假如一个人心态良好，始终保持乐观的态度，死神也会对他望而却步，为他打开生命的绿灯。
1．A.exciting
B．good
C．usual
D．balanced
答案：B
解析：从下文的实例可以看出杰瑞是个心态很好的人，故B项最佳。
2．A.positive
B．funny
C．new
D．different
答案：A
解析：杰瑞总是说一些积极的话。positive
“积极的”，符合语境，照应上文中的
in
a
good
mood(心态)。
3．A.how
B．where
C．whether
D．why
答案：A
解析：在他看来，最根本的是你选择怎样生活。
4．A.advised
B．imagined
C．asked
D．supposed
答案：D
解析：一天上午，他做了一件对开餐馆的人来说永远都不应该做的事情。be
never
supposed
to
do
sth.
“不该做……”。
5．A.pulled
B．put
C．held
D．done
答案：C
解析：be
held
up
“被劫持”；pull
up
“拔起；停车”；put
up
“建立；张贴”；do
up
“打扮；修理”。
6．A.box
B．safe
C．counter
D．door
答案：B
解析：当他要打开保险箱的时候，由于紧张输错了密码，结果遭贼打，还差点儿被枪打死。safe
此处是名词“保险箱”。
7．A.nervousness
B．worry
C．unwillingness
D．pressure
答案：A
解析：根据“with
his
hand
shaking”可分析出他“紧张”。
8．A.knocked
B．cut
C．knifed
D．shot
答案：D
解析：由于贼用枪，所以选
shot。shot
是
shoot
的过去式，意为“射击”。
9．A.probably
B．relatively
C．merely
D．reasonably
答案：B
解析：幸运的是在盗贼逃走之后他很快被发现，并被送到急救中心。此处
relatively
表示“相当地”。
10．A.excited
B．organized
C．hard?working
D．great
答案：D
解析：从下文可知医生相当棒。
11．A.rolled
B．carried
C．wheeled
D．forced
答案：C
解析：他们把他推到了急诊室。wheel
在此意为“(用有轮之物)推”。
12．A.surprise
B．expressions
C．feeling
D．puzzles
答案：B
解析：expression
“表情”。C项与
on
the
faces
搭配不当。
13．A.scared
B．embarrassed
C．disappointed
D．annoyed
答案：A
解析：医生和护士脸上的表情说明他们把他看成了没有救治希望的死人，所以杰瑞感到“害怕”。
14．A.knew
B．found
C．meant
D．read
答案：D
解析：read
“看懂，读出”。
15．A.notice
B．order
C．breath
D．action
答案：D
解析：take
action
“采取行动”，符合语境。
16．A.thought
B．wondered
C．judged
D．stopped
答案：A
解析：think
for
a
while
“想了一会儿”。
17．A.Medicine
B．Operation
C．Bullets
D．Fragments
答案：C
解析：杰瑞说他对子弹过敏，既说明了他有求生的欲望，又不乏幽默。
18．A.unless
B．even
if
C．as
if
D．before
答案：C
解析：杰瑞让他们把他当活人来做手术，而不是死人。as
if
“好像，似乎”。
19．A.reply
B．attitude
C．opinion
D．determination
答案：B
解析：杰瑞得以活下去不仅仅是因为医生医术高超，还因为他非比寻常的“态度”。
20．A.to
be
honest
B．in
that
case
C．after
all
D．strictly
speaking
答案：C
解析：毕竟态度决定一切。本段最后也是线索提示。Unit
4 Astronomy：the
science
of
the
stars
课时作业13 Warming
Up
&
Reading
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Scientists
do
not
know
how
much
and
what
kinds
of
noises
are
harmful
(有害的)
to
ocean
animals.
2．Mammals
exist
(存在)
when
the
animals
that
were
harmful
to
them
disappeared.
3．Hand
washing
can
prevent
(阻止)
the
spread
of
many
infections
(感染)．
4．In
his
book,
he
explained
the
operating
theories
(理论)
of
computers
in
detail.
5．Man
can't
live
without
oxygen
(氧气)．
6．The
younger
generation
tell
me
that
religion
(宗教)
is
“old
hat”
and
science
has
proved
this.
7．These
computers
are
a
puzzle
(难题)
to
me.
8．With
so
many
problems
arising,
the
system
(制度)
should
be
improved.
9．Thirty?one
people
have
been
injured
in
violent
(暴力的)
incidents
throughout
the
day.
10．As
is
well
known,
fresh
air
is
fundamental
(基本的)
to
good
health.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It
is
uncertain
whether
he'll
succeed
in
passing
the
driving
test
or
not.
2．His
decision
made
it
possible
for
us
to
finish
the
work
by
four
o'clock
this
afternoon.
3．Each
of
us
in
turn
had
to
describe
how
alcohol
had
affected
our
lives.
4．The
situation
in
that
country
should
be_prevented
(prevent)
from
becoming
worse.
5．You
needn't
worry
because
this
snake
is
harmless
(harm)．
6．My
relationship
with
the
actors
is
fundamental
to
my
work
as
a
director.
7．If
you
give
up
this
chance,
you'll
regret
it
in
time.
8．Look
at
the
pictures
and
take
turns
to_tell
(tell)
the
story.
Ⅲ.选词填空(可变换形式)
do
great
harm
to,
give
birth
to,
in
time,
puzzle
about,
protect...from...,
lay
eggs,
prevent...from...,
in
one's
turn
1．They
are
used
to
laying_eggs
in
trees
in
the
cold
weather.
2．To
their
delight,
Lucy
gave_birth_to
five
babies
at
a
time.
3．Eating
too
much
sugar
will
do_great_harm_to
kids'
teeth.
4．You
must
hand
in
your
paper
in
time,
or
he
will
be
angry.
5．At
first,
curtains
are
used
to
protect
us
from
shame.
6．So
many
people
are
prevented_from
attending
the
lecture
because
of
the
terrible
weather.
7．I
have
been
puzzling_about
this
question
for
weeks.
8．The
students,
in
their
turn,
performed
their
favorite
songs.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The
earth
was
just
a
cloud
of
dust
after
the
“Big
Bang”.
The
earth
__1__
(explode)
loudly
with
fire
and
rock.
They
were
in
time
__2__
(produce)
many
things,
which
were
to
make
the
earth's
atmosphere.
__3__
the
earth
cooled
down,
water
began
to
appear
on
its
surface.
It
allowed
the
earth
to
dissolve
__4__
(harm)
gases.
Then
life
began
to
develop.
The
first
small
plants
multiplied
and
filled
the
oceans
and
seas
__5__
oxygen.
This
encouraged
the
__6__
(develop)
of
early
shellfish
and
fish.
Land
animals
such
as
insects,
reptiles
__7__
dinosaurs
and
so
on
appeared
after
green
plants
appeared.
Small
clever
animals
spread
all
over
the
earth.
They
__8__
(put)
too
much
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere,
which
prevents
heat
from
__9__
(escape)
from
the
earth
into
space.
Whether
life
will
continue
on
the
earth
for
millions
of
years
__10__
(come)
will
depend
on
whether
this
problem
can
be
solved.
1．exploded 2.to_produce 3.As 4.harmful 5.with
6．development 7.and 8.are_putting 9.escaping
10．to_come
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
这条河流的两岸有(exist)许多工厂，有些已经对环境造成损害(harm)。去年，有家工厂发生了剧烈(violently)爆炸。因此，当地人们都陷入巨大的恐慌中。听到已经及时(in
time)采取措施阻止(prevent...from)污染的进一步恶化，他们都感到非常高兴。
There_exist_many_factories_along_the_river,_some_of_which_have_done_great_harm_to_the_environment._Last_year,_one_of_them_exploded_violently;_as_a_result,_the_local_people_got_into_a_great_panic._Hearing_that_some_measures_had_been_taken_in_time_to_prevent_the_pollution_from_getting_bad_to_worse,_they_were_all_more_than_glad.
阅读理解
A
If
there
is
life
on
another
planet,
what
is
it
like?
This
is
the
question
that
a
new
science
fiction
(科幻)
programme,
Alien
Planet
(《异形星球》),
tries
to
answer.
In
the
94?minute
programme,
two
robots
explore
(探索)
a
fictional
planet.
The
planet,
Darwin
IV,
has
two
suns,
and
is
smaller
and
hotter
than
Earth.
It
seems
likely
that
Darwin
IV
was
covered
with
large
oceans
a
few
million
years
ago,
just
like
Earth.
But
because
of
climate
(气候)
changes,
the
oceans
disappeared.
Darwin
IV
is
also
home
to
many
alien
plants
and
animals.
The
robots
look
at
the
land
and
air
on
the
planet,
and
then
send
information
to
a
team
of
scientists
on
Earth.
The
programme
is
based
on
the
book
Expedition
by
Wayne
Barlowe.
However,
Alien
Planet
is
not
just
normal
science
fiction,
because
it
is
based
on
real
scientific
information.
A
team
of
designers
and
scientists
carefully
designed
the
animals
and
plants
that
could
live
on
Darwin
IV.
The
team
included
famous
scientists
such
as
Professor
Stephen
Hawking
and
Dr
James
Garvin.
In
the
programme,
scientists
explain
the
science
behind
Darwin
IV.
They
explain
why
the
animals
have
certain
features
(特点)．
Here
are
four
alien
life
animals
from
Alien
Planet：
Unth
An
Unth
is
about
2.5
metres
tall
and
has
two
legs.
It
runs
fast
and
lives
on
the
ground.
It
eats
plants,
and
lives
and
travels
in
a
group.
Trunk
Sucker
A
Trunk
Sucker
has
a
long
nose
and
is
about
1
metre
long.
It
lives
in
the
forest
and
drinks
the
juice
from
trees.
It
has
wings
and
flies
like
a
bird.
Daggerwrist
A
Daggerwrist
is
about
2
metres
long.
It
jumps
from
tree
to
tree
like
a
monkey
and
eats
other
animals.
Arctic
Sedge
Slider
An
Arctic
Sedge
Slider
is
10
metres
tall
and
feeds
on
grass?like
plants
growing
near
water.
Alien
Planet
is
an
exciting
programme
and
it
really
makes
the
science
come
alive.
I
really
think
it
is
worth
watching.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《异形星球》这个科幻节目。
1．What's
the
purpose
of
Alien
Planet?
A．To
discover
other
unknown
planets.
B．To
find
out
if
there
is
life
on
another
planet.
C．To
learn
about
possible
life
forms
on
another
planet.
D．To
explain
scientists'
plans
for
exploring
other
planets.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“If
there
is
life
on
another
planet,
what
is
it
like?
This
is...Alien
Planet
《异形星球》
tries
to
answer.”可知，《异形星球》这个节目主要是要探索其他星球上可能存在的生命形式。
2．What
can
we
infer
about
Alien
Planet?
A．Plants
and
animals
in
it
are
real.
B．It
is
a
science?based
programme.
C．The
science
behind
it
is
unexplainable.
D．It
is
designed
by
the
author
of
Expedition.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Alien
Planet...is
based
on
real
scientific
information.”可知，《异形星球》不是一般的科幻片，而是一档基于真实科学发现的节目。
3．Which
of
the
following
is
a
meat?eating
animal?
A．Unth.
B．Daggerwrist.
C．Trunk
Sucker.
D．Arctic
Sedge
Slider.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文中的信息“Unth：It
eats
plants;
Trunk
Sucker：...
drinks
the
juice
from
trees;
Daggerwrist:
eats
other
animals;
Arctic
Sedge
Slider:
feeds
on
grass?like
plants
growing
near
water.”可知，只有B项是肉食动物。
B
Satellites
are
an
important
part
of
our
ordinary
lives.
For
example,
the
information
for
weather
forecasts
is
sent
by
satellites.
Some
satellites
have
cameras
which
take
photographs
of
the
Earth
to
show
how
clouds
are
moving.
Satellites
are
also
used
to
connect
our
international
phone
calls.
Computer
connections
of
the
World
Wide
Web
and
Internet
also
use
satellites.
Many
of
our
TV
programmes
come
to
US
through
satellites.
Airplane
pilots
also
sometimes
use
a
satellite
to
help
them
find
their
exact
location.
We
use
satellites
to
send
television
pictures
from
one
part
of
the
world
to
another.
They
are
usually
35,880
kilometres
above
the
equator
(赤道).
Sometimes
we
can
see
a
satellite
in
the
sky
and
it
seems
to
stay
in
the
same
place.
This
is
because
it
is
moving
around
the
world
at
11,000
kilometres
an
hour—exactly
the
same
speed
that
the
earth
rotates
(转动).
A
satellite
must
orbit
the
Earth
with
its
antennae
(天线)
facing
the
earth.
Sometimes,
it
moves
away
from
its
orbit,
so
there
are
little
rockets
on
it
which
are
used
to
put
the
satellite
back
in
the
right
position.
This
usually
happens
about
every
five
or
six
days.
Space
is
not
empty!
Every
week,
more
and
more
satellites
are
sent
into
space
to
orbit
the
Earth.
A
satellite
usually
works
for
about
10－12
years.
Satellites
which
are
broken
are
sometimes
repaired
by
astronauts
or
sometimes
brought
back
to
the
Earth
to
be
repaired.
Often,
very
old
or
broken
satellites
are
left
in
space
to
orbit
the
Earth
for
a
very
long
time.
This
is
very
serious
because
some
satellites
use
nuclear
power
and
they
can
crash
into
each
other.
本文是一篇科普说明文。文章对各种卫星的用途、卫星工作的状态以及人们对已损坏卫星的处理办法进行了解释说明。
4．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
done
by
satellites
according
to
the
passage?
A．Sending
information
for
weather
forecasts.
B．Taking
photographs
of
the
Earth.
C．Sending
TV
pictures.
D．Providing
food
for
airplane
pilots.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段首句不难看出，卫星可以传递天气预报信息、拍摄地球照片、传递电视图片等，但是没说为飞行员提供食物，所以选择D项。
5．Why
does
the
satellite
move
around
the
world
at
the
same
speed
as
the
Earth
rotates?
A．In
order
to
take
photographs.
B．In
order
to
stay
in
a
certain
position
in
the
orbit.
C．In
order
to
move
away
from
its
orbit.
D．In
order
to
send
television
pictures.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可以看出，卫星之所以用和地球自转相同的速度绕地球旋转，是为了与地球保持在相对同一位置上。显然B项正确。
6．What
does
the
underlined
word
“This”
in
the
3rd
paragraph
refer
to?
A．A
satellite.
B．A
little
rocket.
C．A
satellite
seems
to
stay
in
the
same
place
in
the
sky.
D．The
satellite
puts
the
rockets
in
the
right
position.
答案：C
解析：代词指代题。This
在此替代前文的“Sometimes
we
can
see
a
satellite
in
the
sky
and
it
seems
to
stay
in
the
same
place.”。故选C项。
7．Which
is
true
of
satellites?
A．A
satellite
usually
works
for
about
10－12
years.
B．Every
time
a
satellite
gets
broken,
it
is
brought
back
to
the
Earth
to
be
repaired.
C．A
broken
satellite
is
never
left
in
space.
D．Broken
satellites
often
crash
into
each
other.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段不难看出A项正确。
Unit
4
Astronomy
the
science
of
the
stars
课时作业16 单元要点复习
Ⅰ.知识清单
1．与
time
有关的短语
(1)in
time
及时；终于；迟早
(2)in
time
for
sth./to
do
sth.
来得及(做)……；及时(做)……
(3)in
no
time
立即，立刻
(4)at
a
time
依次；逐一；每次
(5)at
no
time
在任何时候都不；决不(置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装)
(6)at
one
time
曾经，一度
(7)at
times
有时，偶尔
(8)on
time
按时，准时
2．harmful
adj.
有害的
harmless
adj.
无害的；不致伤害的
harm
n.
&
v.
损害；危害
(1)be
harmful
to
对……有害
(2)do
sb.
harm/
do
harm
to
sb.
对某人有害
(3)There
is
no
harm
(in)_doing
sth.
做某事无害处
3．exist
vi.
存在；生存
existence
n.
存在；生存
(1)exist
on
靠……生活/生存
(2)exist
in
存在于……中
(3)There
exist(s)/existed...某地有……；存在……
(4)come
into
existence(＝begin
to
exist)
产生；成立
(5)in
existence
现存的，存在的
4．与
birth
有关的短语
(1)give
birth
to
产生；分娩；引发；造成
(2)by
birth
血统上；生来，天生地
(3)at
birth
出生时
5．与
turn
有关的短语
(1)in
one's
turn
接着；轮到某人
(2)in
turn
依次，轮流；反过来
(3)by
turns
轮流；交替地
(4)take
turns
to
do
sth.
轮流做某事
(5)It's
one's
turn
to
do
sth.
轮到某人做某事
6．prevent...from...
prevent...
(from)_doing
sth.
阻止……做某事
与这种结构相似的有stop
sb./sth.
(from)
doing
sth.；keep
sb./sth.
from
doing
sth.
(from
不可以省略)。
注意：在被动语态中，这三个短语中的
from
都不能省略。
7．depend
on/upon
依靠；依赖；取决于
(1)依靠某人做某事
(2)depend
on/upon
it
that...
相信/指望……
(3)That/It
(all)
depends.
依情况而定。
8．puzzle
n.
谜；难题；vt.
&
vi.
(使)迷惑；(使)为难
puzzled
adj.
迷惑不解的；困惑的
puzzling
adj.
令人费解的
puzzle
about/over
苦苦思索；仔细琢磨
9．it
作形式宾语的句型
(1)made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop
属于“make＋it＋形容词/名词(宾补)＋to
do/that
从句”结构。该结构中
it
是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或_that_从句。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带_to_的不定式、过去分词或形容词。
注意：当“make＋宾语＋do
sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号
to
要加上。
10．与
pull
有关的短语
(1)pull
down
拆毁
(2)pull
in
(火车等)到站，进站；驶向路边(或某处)停靠
(3)pull
through
康复，痊愈；渡过难关
(4)pull
up
停车，停止
11．cheer
(sb./sth.)
up
(使)感到高兴；(使)感到振奋
cheer
v.
&
n.
欢呼，喝彩，加油
cheerful
adj.
高兴的；兴高采烈的
(1)cheer
sb.
on
为某人加油
(2)Cheers!
干杯！
12．与
break
有关的短语
(1)break
out
(战争、火灾等)突发；爆发
(2)break
away
from
脱离；逃脱
(3)break
down
出故障，坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉
(4)break
in
插话；破门而入
(5)break
into
破门而入
(6)break
up
粉碎；解散；分手
13．与
watch
有关的短语
(1)watch
out
(for)
密切注意；当心；提防
(2)watch
over
照看；看守
(3)keep
a
watch
on
守望；注视
14．as...as...结构
(1)as＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋as...
像……一样的……
(2)as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...
像……一样……
和……一样多
15．倍数的表达方法
(1)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.
(原级)＋as...
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than...
(3)倍数＋the
size
(height/length/width...)＋of...
(4)倍数＋what
从句
16．now
that...
(1)now
that
既然，由于，引导原因状语从句，在口语中可以省略
that。与
now
that
意思相近的有
seeing
that,
since
等。
(2)就像
although/though
不能与
but
连用，because
不能与
so
连用一样，当
now
that
引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加
so。
注意：引导原因状语的介词短语有
due
to,
thanks
to,
because
of,
as
a
result
of,
owing
to,
on
account
of
等。
Ⅱ.语境运用
Explore
MK
Ⅱ
MK
Ⅱ，
a
planet
billions
of
kilometers
away,
is
__1__
origin
of
life
in
many
religions.
Physicists
__2__
(prove)
the
theory
that
its
gentle
climate
and
the
pull
of
its
gravity
are
similar
to
the
earth's.
And
astronomers
have
found
that
oxygen
atoms
and
carbon
dioxide,
__3__
are
fundamental
to
life,
exist
in
its
atmosphere
through
satellites.
__4__
(cheer)
up
by
this
news,
biologists,
in
their
turn,
began
to
do
some
research
to
remove
people's
puzzles.
Now
that
there
are
some
__5__
(suit)
conditions,
does
life
really
exist
on
this
globe？Do
they
multiply
by
laying
eggs
__6__
giving
birth
to
babies?
Last
month,
a
spaceship
was
sent
there.
It's
a
pity
__7__
this
mission
failed.
Unlike
the
earth,
MK
Ⅱ
is
a
much
__8__
(young)
planet.
Thus,
masses
of
harmful
acid
clouds
float
everywhere
causing
violent
chain
__9__
(react)
to
break
out.
These
clouds
not
only
blocked
out
the
pilots'
sight
__10__
also
damaged
the
engine
system.
Luckily,
the
pilots
watched
out
carefully
and
prevented
the
spaceship
from
crashing
in
time.
1．the 2.have_proved 3.which 4.Cheered 5.suitable
6．or 7.that 8.younger 9.reactions 10.but
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A
long
time
ago,
people
lived
happily
under
the
rule
of
a
king.
The
people
of
the
kingdom
were
very
happy
as
they
led
a
very
prosperous
life
with
an
abundance
of
wealth
and
no
misfortunes.
Once,
the
king
decided
to
go
visiting
places
of
historical
importance
and
pilgrim
centres
at
distant
places.
He
decided
to
travel
on
foot
to
interact
with
his
people.
People
of
distant
places
were
very
happy
to
have
a_conversation
with
their
king.
They
were
proud
that
their
king
had
a
kind
heart.
After
several
weeks
of
travel,
the
king
returned
to
the
palace.
He
was
quite
happy
that
he
had
visited
many
pilgrim
centres
and
witnessed
his
people
leading
a
prosperous
life.
However,
he
had
one
regret.
He
had
intolerable
(无法忍受的)
pain
in
his
feet
as
it
was
his
first
trip
on
foot
covering
a
long
distance.
He
complained
to
his
ministers
that
the
roads
weren't
comfortable
and
that
they
were
very
stony.
He
could
not
tolerate
the
pain.
He
said
that
he
was
very
much
worried
about
the
people
who
had
to
walk
along
those
roads
as
it
would
be
painful
for
them
too!
Considering
all
this,
he
ordered
his
servants
to
cover
the
roads
in
the
whole
country
with
leather
so
that
the
people
of
his
kingdom
could
walk
comfortably.
The
king's
ministers
were
surprised
to
hear
his
order
as
it
would
mean
that
thousands
of
cows
would
have
to
be
killed
in
order
to
get
a
sufficient
quantity
of
leather.
And
it
would
also
cost
a
huge
amount
of
money.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
答案
Paragraph
1：
Finally,
a
wise
man
from
the
ministry
came
to
the
king
and
said
that
he
had
another
idea.
The
king
asked
what
the
idea
was.
The
minister
said,
“Instead
of
covering
the
roads
with
leather,
why
don't
you
just
have
a
piece
of
leather
cut
in
an
appropriate
shape
to
cover
your
feet?
It
is
easier
to
make
shoes
than
to
cover
the
road.”
The
king
was
very
surprised
by
his
suggestion
and
applauded
the
wisdom
of
the
minister.
Then
he
ordered
his
servants
to
make
a
pair
of
leather
shoes
for
him
and
requested
all
his
countrymen
also
to
wear
shoes.
Paragraph
2：
Many
of
us
criticize
the
world
for
many
things.
And
we
curse
and
blame
the
things
in
our
surroundings
and
never
understand
that
we
need
to
make
changes
in
ourselves.
Changes
are
necessary
in
the
world,
and
the
changes
should
be
from
us.
We
cannot
or
should
not
force
others
to
make
a
change.Unit
4
Astronomy
the
science
of
the
stars
课时作业14 Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.根据汉语或首字母提示填空
1．Spaceships
make
it
possible
for
us
to
travel
into
space.
2．The
small
boat
is
floating
on
the
calm
lake.
3．I
hope
you
will
recover
soon
in
this
mild
climate
(气候)．
4．Television
stations
around
the
world
are
linked
with
satellites
(人造卫星)．
5．There
was
a
car
crash
on
the
road
this
morning.
6．Newton
is
a
famous
physicist,_who
discovered
three
important
laws.
7．At
the
rate
of
decline,
many
of
the
rainforest
animals
may
become
extinct
(灭绝的)
in
less
than
10
years.
8．The
young
man
is
so
gentle
that
everyone
in
the
neighbourhood
likes
him.
9．Could
you
help
me
move
this
bookcase
over
there?
You
pull
(拉)
and
I'll
push.
10．The
force
of
gravity
(重力)
pulls
things
towards
the
earth's
centre.
Ⅱ.选词填空(可变换形式)
step
forward，
break
out，
cheer
up，
die
out，
pull
down，
block
out，
watch
out，
crash
into
1．The
little
boy
cheered_up
immediately
when
he
saw
his
mother
entering
the
room.
2．When
World
War
Ⅱ
broke_out
he
joined
the
navy
and
went
to
war.
3．Watch_out!
There's
a
cat
on
the
road
in
front
of
your
car.
4．Plans
have
been
put
forward
to
pull_down
the
old
buildings
here
and
rebuild
the
area.
5．Unfortunately,
he
drove
his
car
so
fast
that
it
crashed_into
a
front
car.
6．I
saw
him
step_forward
first
but
then
hang
back,
nervously
waving
his
hands.
7．We
hung
a
curtain
across
the
window
to
block_out
the
sunlight.
8．It
is
reported
that
this
style
of
music
died_out
a
hundred
years
ago.
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Mary
is
interested
in
biology
and
wants
to
be
a
biologist
(biology)
when
she
grows
up.
2．We
will
try
our
best
to
make
our
country
more
powerful
(power)．
3．Unlike
us,
astronauts
work
in
weightless
(weigh)
conditions.
4．If
something
gets
into
your
eye,
you
can
lift
the
upper
lid
gently
(gentle)
and
get
it
out.
5．This
is
exhausting
(exhaust)
work,
but
I
manage
to
keep
going
somehow.
6．Her
presence
(present)
greatly
brightened
up
the
evening
party.
7．He
liked
stars
and
wished
to
be
an
astronomer
(astronomy)
when
he
was
a
child.
8．There
are
some
religious
(religion)
schools
in
the
United
States
at
present.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The
system
suddenly
crashed
(crash)
and
I
forgot
to
store
documents.
解析：考查时态。句意：系统突然崩溃了，我忘记保存文档了。根据后面的
forgot
可知，此处要用一般过去时。
2．Watch
out
for
cars
when
you
cross
the
road.
解析：考查固定用法。句意：你过马路时注意车。watch
out
for
“密切注意，当心”，符合句意。
3．Scientists
are
wondering
whether
there
is
life
existing
(exist)
on
Mars.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们想知道火星上是否存在生命。分析句子结构可知，此句包含
there
be
句型，life
和
exist
是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词?ing
形式。
4．Immediately
(immediate),
I
raised
my
hand
to
answer
the
question.
解析：考查词形转换。句意：我立即举起了手来回答这个问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰后面的动词
raised。
5．According
to
the
World
Bank,
China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
of
total
global
(globe)
fertilizer
consumption.
解析：考查词形转换。句意：根据世界银行(的数据)，中国大约占了全世界化肥总消耗量的30%。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词和
total
一起修饰名词短语
fertilizer
consumption。
6．You
won't
get
confused
once
you
get
the
hang
of
it.
解析：考查冠词。句意：一旦你掌握了它的要领，你就不会感到困惑了。get
the
hang
of
“掌握……的要领，了解……的用法”，符合句意。
7．How
we
could
cross
the
river
without
a
boat
remains
a
question.
解析：考查主语从句。句意：没有船我们如何过河仍然是个问题。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处应该填
How
表示方式。
8．While
the
teacher
was
teaching,
he
noticed
some
students
looking
(look)
puzzled
at
what
he
said.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：老师教课时注意到一些学生看起来对他说的话很困惑。此处是“notice＋宾语＋宾补”结构，根据句意可知，此处表示动作正在发生，故应填
looking。
9．Learning
(learn)
that
you
are
about
to
pay
a
visit
to
a
Chinese
friend
and
confused
about
the
Chinese
customs,
I
am
writing
to
put
forward
some
advice.
解析：考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语
I，即两者之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词?ing
形式。
10．It
is
clear
that
he
will
go
to
the
concert
tomorrow.
解析：考查
it
作形式主语。句意：很明显他明天要去听音乐会。分析句子结构可知，that
引导的从句为真正的主语，故用
It
作形式主语。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Humans
have
launched
themselves
into
the
outer
space.
They've
landed
on
the
moon.
They've
built
habitable
space
stations
that
orbit
the
earth.
The
next
giant
leap
for
mankind
is
to
reach
another
planet—Mars.
The
problem
is
that
it's
no
easy
task.
The
planet
is
586
times
further
away
from
the
earth
than
the
moon
and
it'll
take
about
180
to
220
days
to
reach
Mars,
depending
on
where
each
planet
is
in
its
orbit.
Such
long
periods
in
space
have
suggested
many
potential
health
problems,
including
hormonal
changes,
skin
conditions,
muscle
and
bone
deterioration.
Here's
where
some
furry
friends
are.
A
wide
range
of
animals
have
been
in
space,
from
fruit
flies
and
spiders
to
cats
and
dogs.
Such
experiments
began
as
far
back
as
the
late
1940s
in
first
tests
to
see
if
living
things
could
withstand
the
extreme
gravity
(重力)
of
a
rocket
launch.
Mice
continue
to
play
a
very
important
part
in
space
experiments,
mainly
because
the
animals
make
excellent
test
subjects.
They're
small,
which
makes
them
inexpensive
and
easy
to
care
for.
In
addition,
their
size
and
short
lifespan
make
it
possible
to
do
the
equivalent
of
several
human
years
of
tests
in
a
much
shorter
time.
Finally,
because
mice
are
mammals,
they
share
many
common
characteristics
with
humans
in
terms
of
genetics,
biology
and
behavior.
Astromice,
as
a
team
of
scientists
led
by
Betty
Nusgens,
professor
of
biology
at
the
University
of
Liege
in
Belgium,
found
that
the
mice
suffered
a
15
percent
thinness
of
their
skin
after
91
days
aboard
the
International
Space
Station
(ISS)．
This
experiment
was
part
of
a
wider
NASA
mission
(任务)
called
the
Mice
Drawer
System
(MDS).
The
Italian
Space
Agency
developed
the
facility,
which
allows
six
mice
to
be
housed,
monitored,
and
automatically
fed
and
watered
aboard
the
ISS,
among
which
three
survived
during
the
mission.
The
mice
have
participated
in
20
separate
experiments,
to
study
such
effects
as
osteoporosis
(骨质疏松症),
anemia
(贫血)
and
heart
health.
Results
for
the
20
experiments
are
coming
in
gradually.
But
it's
clear
that
mice
continue
to
play
an
important
role
in
the
ongoing
quest
to
conquer
the
final
frontier.
本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了小白鼠是如何为人类探索火星铺平道路的。
1．We
can
infer
from
Paragraphs
2—3
that
________.
A．Mars
is
the
farthest
planet
away
from
the
earth
discovered
so
far
B．the
journey
to
Mars
could
put
humans'
health
at
risk
C．it
was
in
the
late
1940s
that
animals
were
first
sent
to
the
ISS
D．animals
that
have
been
sent
into
space
have
mostly
survived
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Such
long
periods
in
space
have
suggested
many
potential
health
problems...”可知，在太空如此长的时间对人来说是有潜在的健康问题的。
2．The
underlined
word
“withstand”
in
Para.
3
means
“________”．
A．set
up
B．hold
up
C．work
out
D．come
across
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。这句话所表达的意思是首次这样的实验可以追溯到二十世纪四十年代后期，是为了证实活着的生物是否能承受住火箭发射的巨大重力。set
up
意为“建立”；hold
up
意为“承受住，支撑得住”；work
out
意为“计算出”；come
across
意为“偶然遇到”。故选B项。
3．The
main
purpose
of
the
article
is
to
________.
A．describe
the
role
mice
play
in
scientific
research
B．report
on
the
results
of
the
Mice
Drawer
System
C．analyze
how
mice
could
pave
the
way
to
Mars
D．change
people's
traditional
attitudes
toward
mice
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章主要说明了为检测人类在去往火星探索的旅程中可能受到的身体损害，需要用小动物来做实验，而在众多小动物中，老鼠被认为是最合适的，因此老鼠为人类通向火星奠定了基础，故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
Becoming
Refreshed
Without
Sleeping
Sometimes
there
are
just
not
enough
hours
in
the
day
to
get
everything
done
and
get
a
good
night's
rest.
__1__
Once
in
a
while
you
can
get
away
with
a
sleepless
night
and
still
feel
reasonably
good
by
adjusting
your
meals
and
activities.
__2__
The
last
thing
you
want
to
do
when
you
are
tired
is
to
get
warm
and
cozy,
because
this
will
cause
you
to
fall
asleep.
Keeping
the
air
conditioner
on
will
make
you
feel
much
more
alert
and
refreshed.
Eat
small
amounts.
Eating
small
amounts
of
healthy
food
will
help
refresh
you.
Fruit
and
nuts
are
good
choices
because
they
are
nutritious
and
will
energize
you.
__3__
Try
to
stick
to
low
carbon
meals
to
keep
fit.
Chewing
gum
after
your
snack
or
small
meal
will
also
help
keep
you
awake.
Keep
it
bright.
__4__
Turn
on
lots
of
lights,
which
will
trick
your
body
into
waking
up
and
feeling
better.
Go
outside
whether
it
is
day
or
night
for
some
fresh
air.
You
will
get
double
benefits
if
it
is
daytime.
Take
a
break.
Taking
a
little
break
will
help
you
in
the
long
run.
Turn
on
some
energizing
music
to
get
yourself
positive.
Relax
and
talk
to
a
friend
in
person
or
on
the
phone
for
a
few
minutes.
__5__
A．Keep
it
cool.
B．Calm
down
and
sleep.
C．When
it
is
dark,
your
body
will
think
it
is
time
to
go
to
sleep.
D．Avoid
big,
heavy
meals
as
they
will
make
you
tired.
E．Missing
sleep
regularly
can
make
you
sick
and
should
be
avoided.
F．When
you
are
tired,
you
may
just
want
to
sit
around
and
do
nothing.
G．Having
a
good
time
for
a
few
minutes
will
refresh
you
quicker
than
anything
else.
本文介绍了不睡觉而让人精神焕发的几种方法。
1．E 解析：上句讲到“有时候，一天中没有足够的时间来完成每件事，并得到一晚好的睡眠”，再根据空后一句“偶尔你也能通过调整你的饮食和活动，在度过一个不眠之夜后仍然感觉还不错”可知，此空要表达的意思是“经常失眠会使你生病，应该避免”。故选E项。
2．A 解析：空处是本段的主旨句。根据下文中的“让空调开着会让你感到更加机敏和精神振奋”可知，A项“保持凉爽”符合语境。
3．D 解析：根据空后一句“试着坚持低碳饮食来保持健康”可知，此处应表示：避免吃大量的饭菜，因为它们会使你疲劳。故选D项。
4．C 解析：本段主旨句是“保持明亮”。故C项“当天黑的时候，你的身体会认为该睡觉了”符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据本段的主旨句“Take
a
break.”可知，G项“尽情地玩几分钟会比任何事情都能让你更快地振作起来”符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
目前，治理雾霾，任务艰巨；保护环境，人人有责。作为一名中学生，也应该从自身做起。请你以“How
to
protect
our
environment”为题，用英语写一篇报道。
注意：
1．内容具体，语言连贯，内容适当发挥；
2．80词左右；
3．参考词汇：雾霾
n.
haze。
How
to
protect
our
environment
It_is_well_known_that_people_are_becoming_more_and_more_concerned_about_their_living_environment.
First,_as_students,_we_should_ride_bikes_or_take_buses_to_school_and_we_should_try_our_best_to_advise_our_parents_to_drive_less._Second,_we'd_better_use_both_sides_of_the_paper._Don't_waste_paper._Third,_we_should_save_power._Remember_to_turn_off_the_lights_when_we_leave_the_classroom._And_last,_we_should_plant_more_trees_and_flowers.
If_everyone_makes_a_little_effort,_the_world_will_be_more_and_more_beautiful.
