人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元测试A卷基础夯实含解析

Unit
1
People
of
Achievement
Unit
1
A卷
基础夯实
一、阅读理解
1.???
Donna
Strickland
was
awarded
the
2018
Nobel
Prize
in
Physics
jointly
with
Arthur
Ashkin
and
Gerard
Mourou.
It's
the
first
time
in
55
years
that
a
woman
has
won
this
famous
prize,
but
why
has
it
taken
so
long?
We
look
at
five
other
pioneering
female
physicists——past
and
present——who
actually
deserve
the
prize.
???
Jocelyn
Bell
Burnell
???
Perhaps
the
most
famous
snub
(冷落):
then-student
Bell
discovered
the
first
radio
pulsars
in
1967,
when
she
was
a
PhD
student
at
Cambridge.
The
Nobel
Prize
that
recognised
this
landmark
discovery
in
1974,
however,
went
to
her
male
supervisor,
Antony
Hewish.
Recently
awarded
a
?2.
3
million
Breakthrough
Prize,
which
she
gave
away
to
help
under-represented
students,
she
joked
to
The
Guardian,
"
I
feel
I've
done
very
well
out
of
not
getting
a
Nobel
Prize."
???
Lene
Hau
???
Hau
is
best-known
for
leading
the
research
team
at
Harvard
University
in
1999
that
managed
to
slow
a
beam
of
light,
before
managing
to
stop
it
completely
in
2001.
Often
topping
Nobel
Prize
prediction
lists,
could
2020
be
Hau's
year?
???
Vera
Rubin
???
Rubin
discovered
dark
matter
in
the
1980s,
opening
up
a
new
field
of
astronomy.
She
died
in
2016,
without
recognition
from
the
committee.
???
Chien-Shiung
Wu
???
Wu's
"Wu
experiment"
helped
disprove
the
"law
of
conservation
of
parity".
Her
experimental
work
was
helpful
but
never
honoured,
and
instead,
her
male
colleagues
won
the
1957
Nobel
Prize
behind
the
study.
???
Lise
Meitner
???
Meitner
led
groundbreaking
work
on
the
discovery
of
nuclear
fission.
However,
the
discovery
was
acknowledged
by
the
1944
Nobel
Prize
in
Chemistry,?which?was
won
by
her
male
co-lead,
Otto
Hahn.
1.When
was
the
discovery
of
radio
pulsars
recognised
by
the
Nobel?
A.In
1944.
B.
In
1967.
C.
In
1974.
D.
In
1980.
2.Which
woman
is
most
likely
to
win
a
Nobel
Prize
later
according
to
the
text?
A.
Donna
Strickland.
B.
Jocelyn
Bell
Burnell.
C.
Lene
Hau.
D.
Vera
Rubin.
3.What
do
we
know
about
the
five
females?
A.The
five
female
scientists
did
well
in
chemistry.
B.Vera
Rubin
had
opened
up
a
new
field
in
geometry.
C.Lise
Meitner's
teacher
won
a
Nobel
Prize
for
her
work.
D.The
five
female
scientists
haven't
been
awarded
Nobel
Prize.
2.???
While
visiting
the
North
Pole
in
winter
may
not
be
at
the
top
of
your
bucket
list,
the
ever-changing
ICEHOTEL
may
change
your
mind.
Lying
200
km
north
of
the
Arctic
Circle
in
the
Swedish
village
of
Jukkasjarvi,
the
hotel,
which
is
carved
entirely
from
ice,
is
rebuilt
annually.
???
The
35
rooms,
built
to
accommodate
visitors
on
all
kinds
of
budgets,
vary
from
expensive
suites
to
basic
rooms
that
are
famished
with
just
an
icy
bed
and
a
reindeer
skin.
Among
the
highlights
this
year
is
the
"Spruce
Woods"
suite.
Sculpted
by
Christopher
Pascoe
and
Jennie
O'Keefe
of
Canada,
it
describes
a
camping
scene
complete
with
a
classic
microbus,
a
forest,
and
even
an
artificial
campfire.
???
There
is
also
the
artfully-carved
"Living
Ocean"
suite
to
remind
visitors
of
the
importance
of
saving
our
oceans.
The
room
is
full
of
carved
sea
life
that
includes
coral
and
a
shark
"swimming"
right
over
the
ice
bed.
"The
suite
is
inspired
by
global
warming
and
the
overfishing
that
affects
our
oceans,"
says
artist
Jonathan
Paul
Green.
"I
also
think
the
idea
of
using
frozen
water
from
a
river
in
northern
Sweden
to
create
an
ocean
with
shells,
fish,
and
coral
is
exciting."
???
The
nearby
"Haven"
suite
is
a
"magical
gate
of
ice"
guarded
by
two
large
animals.
"We
are
inspired
by
the
meeting
between
people
and
want
to
create
an
experience
that
stimulates
curiosity
and
creativity,"
says
artist
Jonas
Johansson.
"It
feels
like
a
dream
to
get
to
work
with
ice
that
allows
our
love
for
light,
shine,
and
reflection
to
wander
freely
from
thought
to
creation."
???
Regardless
of
whether
visitors
select
the
carved
suites
or
the
basic
ice
rooms,
the
temperature
is
always
set
to
a
bone-chilling
-5℃!
That
is
why
guests
are
advised
to
snuggle
(蜷伏)up
inside
sleeping
bags
and
wear
gloves
and
winter
hats
all
night.
Not
surprisingly,
most
end
up
spending
just
a
single
night
at
this
unique
hotel
before
moving
on
to
the
conventional
and
warmer
hotels
nearby.
1.What
does
the
underlined
phrase
"bucket
list"
mean
in
the
text?
A.A
shopping
list
of
buckets.
B.A
list
of
traveling
destinations.
C.A
list
of
expensive
hotels.
D.A
list
of
exciting
ideas.
2.What
can
we
know
about
the
icehotel?
A.It
is
rebuilt
every
year.
B.Its
rooms
are
expensive.
C.It
organises
camping
activities.
D.It
lies
in
a
coastal
city.
3.Where
does
the
inspiration
of
"Living
Ocean"
suite
come
from?
A.Art
and
literature.
B.Ocean
life
and
voyages.
C.Climate
change
and
human
influence.
D.The
meeting
of
people.
4.Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.An
Adventure
to
the
North
Pole
B.An
Experience
Close
to
Nature
C.A
Taste
of
Cold:
A
Night
in
a
Village
D.A
Winter
Destination:
Sweden's
Icehotel
3.???
Mary
Lyon
was
a
leader
in
women's
education
in
the
nineteenth
century.
It
was
a
time
when
women's
education
was
not
considered
important
in
the
United
States.
States
did
require
each
town
to
provide
a
school
for
children,
but
there
were
not.
enough
teachers.
Most
young
women
were
not
able
to
continue
their
education.
If
they
did,
they
often
were
not
taught
much
except
the
French
language,
how
to
sew
clothing,
and
music.
???
Mary
Lyon
felt
that
women's
education
was
extremely
important.
She
believed
women
were
teachers
both
in
the
home
and
in
the
classroom.
Mary
opened
a
school
for
young
women
in
the
village
of
Buckland.
She
suggested
new
ways
of
teaching,
including
holding
discussion
groups
for
students.
???
Then,
Mary
began
to
raise
money
for
her
dream
school
for
the
higher
education
of
women.
This
school
would
own
its
own
property,
guided
by
an
independent
group
of
directors.
Its
finances
would
be
the
responsibility
of
the
directors.
It
would
not
depend
on
any
one
person
to
continue.
And,
the
students
would
share
in
cleaning
and
cooking
to
keep
costs
down.
In
1837,
Mary
Lyon
opened
Mount
Holyoke
Seminary
for
Women.
In
1893,
44
years
after
her
death,
under
a
state
law,
Mount
Holyoke
Female
Seminary
became
the
first
college
to
offer
women
the
same
kind
of
education
as
men.
???
Mary's
efforts
led
to
the
spread
of
higher
education
for
women
in
the
United
States.
Her
influence
lasted
as
the
many
students
from
her
schools
went
out
to
teach
others.
1.What
was
American
women's
problem
with
education
in
the
19th
century?
A.Teachers
were
careless
about
teaching.
B.They
had
few
choices
about
the
subjects.
C.The
government
paid
no
attention
to
education.
D.They
had
no
chance
to
continue
their
education.
2.What
can
we
learn
from
Paragraph
2?
A.Mary
thought
little
of
women's
education.
B.Mary
preferred
women
to
be
educated
at
home.
C.Mary
attached
importance
to
women's
education.
D.Group
discussions
were
not
held
in
Mary's
school.
3.What
was
Mary's
dream
school
like?
A.It
would
have
very
strict
rules.
B.It
would
be
independent
in
finance.
C.It
would
be
owned
by
the
government.
D.It
would
depend
on
some
important
person.
4.Why
is
Mary
still
remembered
by
Americans?
A.She
set
up
the
first
college.
B.She
made
women
equal
to
men.
C.She
helped
to
pass
American
education
law.
D.She
improved
American
women's
education.
4.???
For
years,
Hamzeh
AlMaaytah
supported
a
community
of
book
lovers
in
Jordan,
keeping
his
bookstore
in
Amman's
old
center
open
around
the
clock,
encouraging
customers
to
stay
for
a
long
time
over
rare
treasures
and
often
allowing
them
to
set
the
price
for
a
purchase.
???
His
supporters
recently
had
a
chance
to
repay
him
when
the
local
landmark
was
threatened
with
closure,
following
a
sudden
illness
that
put
him
out
of
action
for
several
months
as
bills
were
piling
up.
By
April,
330
people
from
more
than
20
countries
had
contributed
$18,000
in
a
crowd-finding
(众筹)campaign
launched
by
two
friends.
???
The
money
allows
AlMaaytah
to
repair
his
small
space
and
expand
to
a
storefront
next
to
it,
where
he
hopes
to
set
up
a
literary
salon,
a
display
of
rare
books
and
a
reading
comer.
Up
to
now,
much
of
the
store's
activity
has
taken
place
outdoors,
with
books
laid
out
under
a
sheet
on
the
sidewalk.
???
Despite
the
recent
financial
scare,
the
36-year-old
shopkeeper
is
sticking
to
his
"pay
as
you
please"
business
model,
applied
to
most
books.
Customers
can
also
pay
a
small
amount
of
fee
to
borrow
books
or
read
rare
editions
in
the
store.
???
"It's
risky.
But
it's
also
an
adventure."
said
AlMaaytah.
"You
would
be
surprised
what
putting
your
trust
in
people
can
do.
It
doesn't
just
make
more
room
for
generosity.
They
also
want
to
come
back
for
more.
More
books,
more
conversations."
???
AlMaaytah
recently
renamed
his
branch
"Mahall
al-Maa"
loosely
translated
as
"Source
of
Water."
to
reflect
his
belief
that
books—like
water—are
a
necessity
and
should
be
accessible
to
all.
???
Such
access
has
been
a
problem
in
Jordan,
which
lacks
government-funded
community
libraries,
forcing
readers
to
buy
expensive
books
or
go
to
university
libraries,
said
Sara
Qudah,
the
culture
editor
of
the
Al-Rai
newspaper.
1.What
did
AlMaaytah
advise
people
to
do
according
to
Paragraph
1?
A.To
work
hard
for
good
pay.
B.To
keep
valuable
jewelry.
C.To
enjoy
some
rare
books.
D.To
go
to
look
for
treasures.
2.What
did
people
do
to
repay
AlMaaytah?
A.People
donated
some
money
to
him.
B.People
paid
almost
all
his
bills.
C.People
decorated
his
bookstore
for
him.
D.People
launched
crowd-funding
campaigns.
3.Why
has
much
of
the
store's
activity
been
held
outdoors?
A.There
is
a
reading
comer
outdoors.
B.All
the
books
are
put
outdoors
now.
C.The
store
tries
to
attract
customers.
D.The
store
is
small.
4.Which
of
the
following
statements
does
AlMaaytah
agreewith?
A.People
want
to
be
put
your
trust
in
wherever
they
live.
B.Books
are
a
must
and
all
should
have
access
to
them.
C.More
room
should
be
made
for
people
to
show
generosity.
D.People
want
to
read
more
books
and
make
more
conversations.
二、七选五
???
Wilma
Rudolph
was
born
into
a
very
poor
family
in
the
Backwoods
of
Tennessee.
At
four
a
severe
disease
left
her
with
a
useless
left
leg.
She
had
to
wear
an
iron
leg
brace.
①________
Her
mother
told
her
that
despite
the
leg
brace,
she
could
do
whatever
she
wanted
to
do.
???
So
at
nine,
Wilma
removed
the
leg
brace
and
took
the
step
the
doctors
told
her
she
would
never
take
normally.
Then
this
girl
wished
that
she
would
like
to
be
the
world's
greatest
woman
runner.
At
13,
she
entered
a
race.
She
came
in
last.
②________
Everyone
begged
her
to
quit!
However,
one
day,
she
came
in
next
to
last.
And
then
there
came
a
day
when
she
won
a
race.
③________
???
Wilma
went
to
Tennessee
State
University,
where
she
met
a
coach
named
Ed
Temple.
Coach
Temple
saw
the
indomitable
spirit
of
the
girl,
and
trained
her
so
well
that
she
went
to
the
Olympic
Games.
There
she
competed
against
the
greatest
woman
runner
of
the
day,
a
German
girl
named
Jutta
Heine.
④________
But
in
the
100-meter
dash,
Wilma
Rudolph
won.
She
beat
Jutta
again
in
the
200-meter
race.
???
Finally
came
the
400-meter
relay.
⑤________
The
first
two
runners
on
Wilma's
team
made
perfect
handoffs
with
the
baton
(棒).
But
when
the
third
runner
handed
the
baton
to
Wilma,
she
was
so
excited
that
she
dropped
it,
and
Wilma
saw
Jutta
taking
off
down
the
track.
It
was
impossible
that
anybody
could
catch
this
girl.
But
Wilma
did
just
that!
A.?Nobody
had
ever
beaten
Jutta.
B.?The
little
girl
had
great
natural
talent.
C.?It
would
be
Wilma
against
Jutta
once
again.
D.?Nobody
believed
she
could
succeed
with
a
leg
like
that.
E.?Yet
she
was
fortunate
in
having
a
mother
who
encouraged
her.
F.?From
then
on,
Wilma
Rudolph
won
every
race
that
she
entered.
G.?She
entered
every
race
in
high
school,
and
in
every
race
she
came
in
last.
三、完形填空
Finding
Home
???
"I
hate
New
Orleans!
I
wanna
go
home!"?I
??
1??
?to
my
mother
as
we
moved
boxes.
??
2??
,going
home
was
not
easy
because
my
home
was
1,100
miles
away.
???
I
was
born
and???
3??
?in
northern
Virginia.
Virginia
was
my
home,
and
I
never
expected
that
to
??
4??
.
In
2014
,my
family
experienced
a
tragedy
(灾难),
so
my
parents
decided
to
move
to
my
mom's
hometown
of
New
Orleans.
???
Only
three
months
after
my
parents
made
the???
5??
?to
move
I
found
myself
moving
boxes
into
our
new
house.
My
announcement
to
my
mother
that
I???
6??
?the
new
environment
was
partly
motivated
by
how
hot
it
was,
but
it
was
mostly
due
to
the
fact
that
I
felt
like
my
entire
life
had
been
turned
upside
down.
1,100
miles
away
from
everyone
and
everything
I
had
ever
known
,
I
was
??
7??
?.
To
make
matters
worse,
I
was
starting
high
school
in
two
weeks.
Beginning
high
school
is
a
scary???
8??
?on
its
own.
???
I
spent
my
first
few
months
in
New
Orleans,???
9??
?wanting
to
go
home
to
Virginia.
But
after
a
few
months
of
missing
home,
I???
10??
?that
I
had
a
choice.
I
could
continue
thinking
about
how
much
I
missed
my
old
home,
??
11??
?I
could
start
trying
to
build
a
new
home
right
here.
I
chose
the
latter.
???
As
soon
as
I
stopped
giving
all
my???
12????to
how
much
I
missed
Virginia
I
was
able
to
begin
accepting
the
love
that
people
were
already
giving
me.
I
joined
some
clubs
at
school,
which
gave
me
the
chance
to
make
friends.
My
neighbor
taught
me
how
to
cook
some
New
Orleans
food,
and
I
found
a
wonderful???
13????of
fellow
cooks
and
neighbors.
Overall,
I
seized
every
possible
opportunity
to???
14??
?myself
and
to
rebuild
my
life.
???
Because
of
my
resilience
(适应力)
in
creating
a
new
home
for
myself
and
the???
15??
?that
people
have
shown
to
me,
home
is
right
here.
(1)A.
announced
B.
replied
C.
insisted
D.
pointed
(2)A.
Therefore
B.
Instead
C.
However
D.
Besides
(3)A.
evaluated
B.
raised
C.
promoted
D.
fed
(4)A.
develop
B.
continue
C.
obtain
D.
change
(5)A.
attempt
B.
suggestion
C.
excuse
D.
decision
(6)A.
preferred
B.
missed
C.
hated
D.
imagined
(7)A.
surprised
B.
frightened
C.
delighted
D.
relieved
(8)A.
performance
B.
activity
C.
presentation
D.
experience
(9)A.
partly
B.
badly
C.
slightly
D.
gradually
(10)A.
realized
B.
remembered
C.
inferred
D.
complained
(11)A.
and
B.
but
C.
or
D.so
(12)A.
attention
B.
patience
C.
trust
D.
confidence
(13)A.
generation
B.
community
C.
race
D.
school
(14)A.
teach
B.
accept
C.
judge
D.
better
(15)A.
belief
B.
freedom
C.
love
D.
interest
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
???
Yu
Rong,
a
Chinese
artist,
thinks
of
a
new
way
to
introduce
①________
ancient
story
of
Hua
Mulan
in
her
picture
book.
In
the
book,
I
Am
Hua
Mulan,
she
tells
the
story
by
②________
(combine)
paper-cutting
with
international
artistic
styles.
She
places
Shaanxi
paper-cuts
over
western-style
pencil
sketches(素描)
③________
(create)
a
typical
presentation
of
Chinese
elements
(元素)which
turns
out
to
be
a
④________
(success)
and
impressive
breakthrough.
???
Hua
Mulan,
⑤________
story
has
been
told
by
generations
in
China,
is
a
fighter
from
the
Northern
Wei
Dynasty
(386—
534).
As
a
devoted
daughter,
she
dressed
herself
as
a
man
to
serve
in
the
army
⑥________
place
of
her
father.
Mulan's
characteristics,
such
as
courage,
kindness
and
a
disinterested
attitude
toward
fame
and
fortune,
made
⑦________
(she)
one
of
the
most
respected
historical
Chinese
heroines.
Mulan's
story
has
been
adapted
⑧________
(frequent)
in
modem
media,
including
TV
shows,
video
games
and
literature.
For
example,
in
1998,
Disney
produced
a
film
named
Mulan,
which
⑨________
(consider)
a
great
success
by
critics
and
the
public.
???
To
better
tell
the
story,
Yu
Rong
takes
inspiration
from
her
several
⑩________
(visit)
to
sites
of
ancient
battles
and
Henan
Province's
Yuju
Opera.
After
years
of
preparation
she
finally
makes
this
extraordinary
work.
五、写作
1.
假定你是李华,你的澳大利亚笔友Jenny来信询问你最喜欢的科学家,请你根据下面的写作提示,给他写一封回信。内容包括:
???
1.?屠呦呦,1930年出生于浙江;
???
2.长期致力于研究疟疾(malaria),因发现青霉素(artemisinin)
而荣获2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖;
???
3.?是第一位获得科学类诺贝尔奖的中国科学家。
注意:
???
1.?词数80左右;
???
2.?可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
???
Last
Saturday,
David
was
taking
a
walk
in
the
park
near
his
home
when
he
noticed
a
woman
with
a
boy
of
about
eight
years
old.
When
David
passed
them,
he
heard
the
woman
yell,
"How
stupid
you
are!
You're
good
at
nothing."
David
stopped
and
looked
at
the
little
boy.
The
boy
said
nothing.
He
just
stood
there,
looking
upset.
???
David
was
reminded
of
his
English
teacher
Mrs.
Brown
in
the
middle
school.
After
he
entered
the
middle
school,
David
lacked
self-confidence
because
he
was
often
made
fun
of
by
others.
He
was
often
told
that
he
was
good
at
nothing,
which
David
believed.
But
one
day
it
all
changed.
???
One
day,
in
an
English
writing
class,
Mrs.
Brown
asked
them
to
read
a
novel.
They
were
asked
to
write
a
new
chapter
of
the
novel
after
they
finished
reading
the
book.
A
few
days
later,
David
handed
in
his
story.
He
didn't
give
it
much
thought.
But
the
next
day
to
his
surprise,
the
comment
"well
done"
from
Mrs.
Brown
came
into
view
the
moment
he
turned
to
the
page
where
the
story
was
written.
???
When
David
read
that,
he
almost
burst
into
tears.
He
never
expected
to
be
praised
one
day.
He
suddenly
gained
some
self-confidence.
???
That
day
after
he
returned
home,
he
wrote
a
short
story
and
gave
it
to
Mrs.
Brown
the
next
morning.
And
again
he
was
praised.
???
David
became
very
interested
in
writing.
He
often
wrote
short
stories
and
asked
Mrs.
Brown
to
read
them
and
correct
them
for
him.
Mrs.
Brown
always
corrected
them
for
him.
Mrs.
Brown
always
corrected
the
mistakes
he
had
made
and
gave
him
good
advice
to
improve
them.
One
year
later,
David
joined
the
school
newspaper
and
became
an
editor
of
it.
He
was
no
longer
that
boy
who
lacked
self-confidence.
He
gained
his
confidence
and
was
hopeful
about
his
future.
???
He
succeeded
in
entering
college
and
kept
writing.
Several
years
after
graduating
from
college,
he
had
his
first
book
published.
With
some
more
books
coming
out,
he
became
famous
as
a
writer
in
his
country.
And
he
owed
his
success
to
Mrs.
Brown's
encouragement.
Without
her
encouragement,
his
life
might
be
very
different
now.
Paragraph
1
:
???
Inspired
by
his
own
life
story,
David
decided
to
do
something
for
that
boy._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2
:
???
The
mother
was
ashamed
when
she
heard
that.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-3
CCD
解析：1.细节理解题.根据
Jocelyn
Bell
Burnell
段落中的
then-student
Bell
discovered
the
first
radio
pulsars
in
1967,
when
she
was
a
PhD
student
at
Cambridge.
The
Nobel
Prize
that
recognised
this
landmark
discovery
in
1974,
可知射电脉冲星
(radio
pulsars)
最初在1967
年被发现,其发现被授予诺贝尔奖是在1974年.故选C项.
2.细节理解题.根据
Lene
Hau
段落中的
Often
topping
Nobel
Prize
prediction
lists,
可知莱娜·豪经常位居诺贝尔奖预测名单榜首,她最有可能获诺贝尔奖.故选C项.
3.推理判断题.根据第一段总述中
It's
the
first
time
in
55
years
that
a
woman
has
won
this
famous
prize,
but
why
has
it
taken
so
long?
We
look
at
five
other
pioneering
female
physicists-past
and
present-who
actually
deserve
the
prize.
可知唐娜·斯特里克兰是五十五年来第一个获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性,而文中介绍的五位女科学家都应该获得这个奖,但由于各种原因未能获奖.故选D项.
2.答案：(1)-(4)BACD
解析：(1).词义猜测题。第一段第一句提到“虽然冬天去北极旅游可能不是你的首选,但这不断变化的冰旅馆可能会改变你的想法”。由该句中的
“visiting
the
North
Pole”和“
the
ever-changing
ICEHOTEL”,并结合语境可推知,画线词意为旅游目的地的列表”,故B项正确。
(2).细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“
Lying
200
km
north
of
the
Arctic
Circle
in
the
Swedish
village
of
Jukkasjarvi,
the
hotel,
which
is
carved
entirely
from
ice,
is
rebuilt
annually."可知,这家完全由冰建成的旅馆每年都会重建,故A项正确。
(3).细节理解题。根据第三段中的“
The
suite
is
inspired
by
global
warming
and
the
overfishing
that
affects
our
oceans”
可知,这间套房的灵感来自全球变暖和影响海洋的过度捕捞,故C项正确。
(4).主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段第二句“Lying
200
km
north
of
the
Arctic
Circle
in
the
Swedish
village
of
Jukkasjarvi,
the
hotel,
which
is
carved
entirely
from
ice,
is
rebuilt
annually.”可知,本文主要介绍了冬季旅游的好去处——瑞典冰旅馆,故D项最适合做本文标题。
3.答案：1-4
BCBD
解析：1.细节理解题.根据第一段中的
Most
young
women
were
not
able
to
continue
their
education.
If
they
did,
they
often
were
not
taught
much
except
the
French
language,
how
to
sew
clothing,
and
music.
可知,大多数年轻女性无法继续接受教育.即使她们能接受教育,除了法语、如何缝制衣服和音乐之外,她们通常不会学到多少东西.所以19世纪美国女性的教育问题是她们能选择的学习科目很少.故选B项.
2.
推理判断题.根据第二段中的
Mary
Lyon
felt
that
women's
education
was
extremely
important.
以及
Mary
opened
a
school
for
young
women
in
the
village
of
Buckland.
可知,玛丽·菜昂认为女性的教育极其重要.她在巴克兰为年轻女性开办了一所学校.所以我们能从第二段中了解到,玛丽很重视女性的教育.故选C项.
3.细节理解题.根据第三段中的
This
school
would
own
its
own
property,
guided
by
an
independent
group
of
directors...It
would
not
depend
on
any
one
person
to
continue.
可知,这所学校将拥有自己的财产,由一个独立的董事会指导.它的资金将由董事们负责,不依靠任何人.所以玛丽·莱昂开办的学校在资金上是独立的.故B选项正确.
4.细节理解题.根据最后一段
Mary's
efforts
led
to
the
spread
of
higher
education
for
women
in
the
United
States.
Her
influence
lasted
as
the
many
students
from
her
schools
went
out
to
teach
others.
可知.玛丽的努力使美国妇女接受高等教育这件事得到了普及.她的影响一直持续至今,因为她学校里的许多毕业生都成了老师.所以美国人还记得玛丽是因为她提高了美国女性的教育水平.故选D项.
4.答案：(1)-(3)CADB
解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...encouraging
customers
to
stay
for
a
long
time
over
rare
treasures
and
often
allowing
them
to
set
the
price
for
a
purchase.”可知,他鼓励顾客在稀有书籍前驻足,允许他们确定购买价格,故C项正确。
(2).细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“
By
April,330
people
from
more
than
20
countries
had
contributed
$18,000
in
a
crow-
funding
campaign
launched
by
two
friends.”可知,为了回报他,人们给他捐款。
(3).推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句“
The
money
allows
AlMaaytah
to
repair
his
small
space
and
expand
to
a
storefront
next
to
it...”可知,阿勒迈塔想用这笔资金翻修狭小、拥挤的书店。由此可推断出,书店的大部分活动都在室外进行的原因是书店狭小拥挤,故D项正确。
(4).细节理解题。根据第六段的“...to
reflect
his
belief
that
books—like
water—are
a
necessity
and
should
be
accessible
to
all.”可知,B项正确。
二、
答案：EGFAC
解析：①根据空格后句可知,她的妈妈鼓励她。故E项符合语境。
②根据下文的“大家都让她放弃”可知,她一开始跑得不好。G项“她参加了高中的每一场比赛,每次都是最后一名”符合语境。
③上文提到“后来有一天她赢得了比赛”。F项“从那时起,威尔玛·鲁道夫每次都赢得比赛”可承接上文。
④根据下文的“但是在100米短跑中威尔玛·鲁道夫赢了”可知,所填的句子和下文是转折关系,A项“没有人能战胜尤塔”符合语境。
⑤根据下文可知,在400米接力赛中,威尔玛和尤塔仍然是对手。C项“又是威尔玛和尤塔在此角逐”可引出下文内容。
三、
答案：(1)-(5)ACBDD
(6)-(10)CBDBA
(11)-(15)CABDC
解析：(1)根据文章首句作者激烈的言辞和第三段中My
announcement
to
my
mother...可知此处选A.
announce
宣布;
reply
回答;
insist
坚持;
point
指.
(2)根据下文going
home
was
not
easy
because
my
home
was
1,100
miles
away可知,虽然作者想要回原来的家,但是原来的家已经在1,100英里之外了,上下文为转折关系.
(3)根据上下文信息可知作者在北弗吉尼亚州出生和长大.此处
raise
意为
"养育".
(4)根据上文
Virginia
was
my
home,
and
I
never
expected可知,作者认为弗吉尼亚州是自己的家,从未想过会改变.
(5)根据第二段最后一句中的so
my
parents
decided
to
move
to
my
mom's
hometown
of
New
Orleans
可知此处指
"做决定".
(6)根据首段中的I
hate
New
Orleans!
I
wanna
go
home!
以及下文的I
felt
like
my
entire
life
had
been
turned
upside
down
可知,作者讨厌新的环境.
(7)根据上文I
felt
like
my
entire
life
had
been
turned
upside
down.
1,100
miles
away
from
everyone
and
everything
I
had
ever
known可知,作者离自己认识的人和熟悉的一切事物有1,100英里远,觉得整个生活都被颠覆了,因此很害怕,故选B.
(8)根据上文To
make
matters
worse可知,作者认为上高中本身就是一个可怕的经历.
(9)partly
部分地;
badly
严重地;非常;
slightly
稍微地;
gradually
逐渐地.根据后文But
after
a
few
months
of
missing
home
可知作者在前几个月里非常想回到弗吉尼亚州的家.
(10)根据后文的两种选择可知作者意识到自己需要做出选择.
(11)根据后文I
chose
the
latter.
可知作者要在两者之间有一个选择.
or
或者(用以引出另一种可能性).
(12)句意:我一停止把所有的注意力放在我多么想念弗吉尼亚,我就能够开始接受人们已经给予我的爱.
give
attention
to注意.
(13)根据空格前后内容可知作者发现了一个很棒的有厨师和邻居的社区.
(14)根据后文to
rebuild
my
life可知作者抓住每一个可能的机会来完善自己,重建自己的生活.
better
oneself
意为
"(通过教育、更好的工作等)改进社会地位,上进".
(15)根据第五段第一句中的I
was
able
to
begin
accepting
the
love
that
people
were
already
giving
me可知,此处指人们对我展现出来的
"爱",故选C.
四、
答案：①-⑤the;
combining;
to
create;
successful;
whose
⑥-⑩
in;
her;
frequently;
was
considered;
visits
解析：①考查冠词。此处指关于花木兰的古老故事,表示特指用定冠词,故填the。
②考查非谓语动词。介词后应用动词-ing形式,故填
combining。
③考查非谓语动词。此处需用动词不定式表示目的,故填
to
create。
④考查形容词。and连接并列结构,后面是形容词
impressive(印象深刻的),空格处需填
successful,一起修饰
breakthrough。
⑤考查定语从句。花木兰是先行词,在定语从句中作
story的定语,故填
whose
。
⑥考查介词。in
place
of是固定短语,意为“替代”,故填in。
⑦考查代词。动词后用代词的宾格,故填her。
⑧考查副词。修饰动词
adapted,应用副词,故填
frequently。
⑨考查动词的时态和语态。
which指代
a
film,与
consider之间为被动关系,再结合时间状语“in
1998″可知用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was
considered。
⑩考查名词复数。
several后应接可数名词复数,故填visits。
五、
1.
答案：
Dear
Jenny,
???
The
scientist
I
admire
most
is
Tu
Youyou,
who
was
born
in
1930
in
Zhejiang
Province.
She
is
well-known
because
she
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Physiology
or
Medicine
in
2015
for
her
great
contributions
to
medicine.?
???
Since
graduating
from
university,
she
has
devoted
her
time
and
energy
to
discovering
a
cure
for
malaria,
a
deadly
disease
in
the
past.
After
working
hard
with
her
co-workers
for
years,
she
finally
found
artemisinin,
which
has
saved
millions
of
lives
around
the
world.?
???
Tu
Youyou
is
the
first
Chinese
scientist
to
win
the
Nobel
Prize
for
science.
Her
winning
the
reward
shows
that
traditional
Chinese
medicine
is
of
great
value.
She
is
such
a
great
role
model
that
I
admire
her
most.
Yours,?
Li
Hua
2.答案：
Paragraph
1:
???
Inspired
by
his
own
life
story,
David
decided
to
do
something
for
that
boy.
He
went
to
the
woman,
who
immediately
recognized
him
because
she
bad
read
his
books
and
seen
his
pictures.
David
started
to
chat
with
her.
He
told
her
that
what
she
had
said
to
her
boy
was
not
appropriate.
Then
he
told
about
the
encouragement
he
once
got
from
Mrs.
Brown.
In
the
end,
he
said,
"I
couldn't
have
become
a
writer
if
I
had
believed
I
was
good
at
nothing."
Paragraph
2:
???
The
mother
was
ashamed
when
she
heard
that.
She
realized
that
she
shouldn't
have
called
her
son
stupid
,
which
would
make
him
lose
confidence
in
himself.
So
she
said,
"Thank
you
for
your
advice.
I'll
never
say
such
things
to
him
again.
Instead,
I'll
find
out
what
he's
good
at
and
encourage
him."
The
woman
then
left
with
the
boy.
Looking
at
the
back
of
the
boy,
David
felt
relieved,
hoping
his
action
could
make
some
difference
to
the
boy.
PAGE