安徽省2021年中考英语语法专题突破十四复合句(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
专题十四　复合句
1.宾语从句的时态和语序问题以及引导宾语从句的连接词的选择;
2.常见状语从句的基本用法;
3.由that,which,who引导的定语从句的用法。
预测今年安徽中考仍然会重点考查宾语从句(主要是宾语从句的连接词辨析)和状语从句。虽然近几年安徽中考并未单独考查定语从句,但考生不可忽视这一知识点,必须了解其相关用法。
考点1　宾语从句
宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位,几乎每年的中考都会对宾语从句进行不同角度的考查。其考查的重点一般集中在以下几个方面:
1.连接词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类:
that
表陈述意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语中通常可省略。
if/whether
表疑问意义,意为“是否”,在句中不可省略。
特殊疑问词
常见的特殊疑问词有when,
where,
how,
what,
why,
whoever,
however,
whatever等。
注意:一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但在以下三种情况中通常只使用whether:(1)在不定式前;(2)在介词后;(3)与or
not连用时。
2.语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中,不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句一律用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”结构。例如:
We
don’t
know
when
will
they
arrive.(×)
We
don’t
know
when
they
will
arrive.(√)
Could
you
tell
me
who
is
he
waiting
for?(×)
Could
you
tell
me
who
he
is
waiting
for?(√)
注意:特殊疑问词作从句主语时,如果语序本来就是“主语+谓语”结构,则语序不再变化。例如:
Can
you
tell
me
who
cleaned
the
classroom?你能告诉我谁打扫了教室吗?
3.时态
在宾语从句中,谓语动词的时态和主句谓语动词的时态是相互联系的,一般要遵循以下三条原则:
(1)如果主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,从句时态可根据从句实际情况而定。例如:
Mary
says
she
will
come
back
soon.玛丽说她很快就会回来。
Will
you
tell
us
which
places
you
visited
during
the
vacation?你能告诉我们你假期去了哪些地方吗?
(2)如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句需要使用表示过去的某种时态。例如:
He
said
that
he
played
computer
games
last
night.他说他昨晚玩了电脑游戏。
I
knew
she
had
cleaned
the
classroom
already.我知道她已经打扫完教室了。
(3)如果从句所陈述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、谚语等,其时态仍用一般现在时。例如:
He
said
time
is
money.他说时间就是金钱。
Our
teacher
told
us
that
light
travels
much
faster
than
sound.我们的老师告诉我们光比声音传播得更快。
考点2　状语从句
从句类型
从句引导词
例句
时间状语从句
when,while,before,after,until,till,since,as
soon
as...
He
didn’t
get
home
until
9
p.m.他直到晚上九点才到家。
I’ll
call
you
up
as
soon
as
I
arrive
in
Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。
条件状语从句
if,unless,as
long
as...
You’ll
be
kept
out
of
the
party
unless
you
have
an
invitation.你是无法参加这个聚会的,除非你有请柬。
原因状语从句
because,since,as,for...
Since
the
weather
is
bad,let’s
stay
at
home
and
watch
TV.既然天气不好,那我们就待在家里看电视吧。
目的状语从句
in
order
that,so
that
They
flew
there
in
order
that
they
might
be
in
time
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.他们飞往那里以便能及时参加开幕典礼。
让步状语从句
though/although,even
if,whatever,wherever,whenever...
The
whole
library
was
in
silence,although
there
were
nearly
500
people
reading
in
it.尽管有将近500人在看书,但整座图书馆都很安静。
结果状语从句
so...that,such...that
The
story
is
so
interesting
that
I
want
to
listen
to
it
again.这个故事如此有趣,以至于我想再听一遍。
比较状语从句
than,as...as...,not
as/so...as...
I’m
as
old
as
Bob.我和鲍勃年龄一样大。
地点状语从句
where,wherever
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.有志者事竟成。
考点3　定语从句
1.定义
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。例如:
This
is
the
museum
which
was
built
last
year.这就是去年建成的博物馆。(the
museum为先行词)
2.关系代词的基本用法
作用指代对象　　
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who/that
who/whom/that/省略
whose
指物
which/that
which/that/省略
whose
例如:
Do
you
know
the
girl
who/that
has
won
the
first
prize
in
the
singing
competition?
你认识歌唱比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩吗?
Many
laugh?making
stars
whose
master
is
Zhao
Benshan
have
become
famous
these
years.近年来很多师承赵本山的笑星都出名了。
3.关系副词的基本用法
关系副词
先行词
充当成分
when(=during/in/on/at
which)
day,year,time...
时间状语
where(=in/from/on/at/to
which)
the
place,the
city...
地点状语
why(=for
which)
the
reason
原因状语
4.关系代词that和which的用法区别
(1)当先行词是不定代词all,
much等,或者被这些词修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。例如:
I’ve
read
all
the
books
that
my
mother
bought
for
me.我已经读完了妈妈给我买的所有的书。
(2)当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。例如:
This
is
the
most
exciting
movie
that
I
have
ever
seen.这是我看过的最令人兴奋的电影。
(3)当先行词被the
only,
the
last,
the
same,
the
very等词修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。例如:?
This
is
the
only
book
that
was
written
by
him.这是唯一一本由他写的书。
(4)当先行词既指人又指物时,只能用that引导定语从句。例如:
They
are
talking
about
the
school
and
the
teachers
that
they
visited
yesterday.他们正在讨论他们昨天参观的学校和拜访的老师们。
(5)当关系代词前有介词时,只能用which引导定语从句。例如:
This
is
the
house
of
which
the
windows
face
south.这是那座窗户朝南的房子。
(6)当先行词是that,
those时,只能用which引导定语从句。例如:
What’s
that
which
was
put
in
the
car?放在汽车里的那个东西是什么?
单项填空
1.Mike
doesn’t
care
about
　　　　he
can
make
much
money.
He
just
works
for
fun.(　
D
　)?
A.if
B.how
C.that
D.whether
2.We
have
never
seen
her
again
　　　　she
went
to
work
in
another
city.(　
C
　)?
A.when
B.as
C.since
D.till
3.I
really
like
the
photo
of
my
family　　　　my
sister
took
in
the
city
park
last
year.(　
A
　)?
A.which
B.who
C.what
D.whom
4.—The
TV
program
Sisters
Riding
the
Winds
and
Breaking
the
Waves
is
popular
recently.
—Yes.
It
is
the
only
program　　　　I
watched
this
month.
(　
B
　)?
A.who
B.that
C.where
D.when
5.—Tomorrow
is
Mother’s
Day.
I
don’t
know　　　　.?
—I
think
you
could
buy
a
scarf
for
her.(　
B
　)
A.where
can
I
buy
it
for
Mom
B.what
I
should
buy
for
Mom
C.where
I
can
buy
it
for
Mom
D.what
should
I
buy
for
Mom
6.—　　　　
you
do,
I’ll
be
on
your
side.?
—Thank
you,
Mom.(　
D
　)
A.However
B.Whenever
C.Wherever
D.Whatever
7.The
reason
　　　　I’m
writing
to
you
is
to
tell
you
about
a
party
on
Saturday.(　
B
　)?
A.when
B.why
C.how
D.which
8.—What
did
your
father
say
to
you
just
now?
—He
asked
me　　　　.(　
C
　)?
A.that
I
would
like
to
see
a
movie
B.where
I
will
spend
my
holiday
C.if
I
enjoyed
myself
at
the
party
D.when
did
I
attend
the
graduation
party
9.　　　　Aron
has
lost
his
right
arm,
he
never
gives
up
his
dream
to
climb
mountains.(　
D
　)?
A.Since
B.Unless
C.If
D.Although
10.In
our
company
there
are
200
workers,
two
thirds
of
　　　　are
women.(　
D
　)?
A.whose
B.which
C.who
D.whom
11.—Your
new
bike
looks
cool.
I
wonder　　　　gave
it
to
you.?
—My
uncle.(　
A
　)
A.who
B.whose
C.when
D.where
12.Mom
says　　　　I
do
my
homework
now,
I
can
watch
TV
for
an
hour
tonight.(　
A
　)?
A.if
B.though
C.because
D.while