【精品课件(1)】Unit 2 Working the land Period 3

(共23张PPT)
Sentences with –ing forms as subject or object.
1.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
(subject)
2.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
(object of preposition)
3. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
(object of preposition )
4. However, he doesn’t care about being famous.
(object of preposition )
5. He enjoys listening to violin music,playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
(object of verb)
6. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
(subject)
7. Just dreaming for things, however, costs
nothing.
(subject)
8. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
(object of preposition)
一、–ing 作主语或宾语
1．作主语
①直接置于句首
1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
Playing tricks on others is something we should never do．
2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
Learning new words is very important for me．
3)说比做容易。
Talking is easier than doing.
②用形式主语it，把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。
和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
It is useless trying to argue with Shylock．
这事值得去做。
It’s worth making the effort．
想再解释一次有好处吗
Is it any good trying to explain
跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
It is pleasant working with you．
③在there be no结构中作主语 这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。
无法知道他什么时候离开
There was no knowing when he would leave.
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no joking about such matter.
注意：-ing与to do的比较：
-ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。
我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。
I like ，but now I like .
reading
to see a film
归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：
It +be +a waste of time doing
做…是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing
做…是没益/用处的
It is/was worthwhile doing
做…是值得的
There is no doing
无法…， 不允许…
There is no sense in doing
做…没有道理
There is/was no use doing
干…无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing
没有比…更糟的
There is/was no point doing
干…无意义
我们不知道要去哪儿。
There was no knowing where we would go.
做这件傻事毫无意义。
There is no point doing such a silly thing.
注意：There is no need to do sth 干…没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..
没有必要告诉她。
There is no need to tell her.
注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。
我姐姐病了，使我很担心。
My sister's being ill made we worried.
你正确未必就意味着我错了。
Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
2、用作宾语
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider(考虑)，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，can’t help(情不自禁），imagine，mind，miss（错过），practise，cannot stand, excuse，give up，put off，risk等。如：
我不能不去。
I can’t avoid going．
你是否考虑过找一位笔友
Have you considered looking for one pen friend
②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，mean，forget，remember，hate等
·A．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：
我记得我已把信寄了。
I remember posting the letter．
我会记着去寄信的。
I’ll remember to post the letter．
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
不要忘了给你母亲写信。
Don’t forget to write to your mother．
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
I regret missing the report．
我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
We must try to get everything done in time．
我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
Let’s try doing the work in some other way．
我并不想叫你生气。
I didn’t mean to make you angry．
你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。
Your plan would mean spending hours．
try doing
try to do
be used to doing
be used to do
can't help doing
can't help to do
习惯于做某事
试着做某事
努力做某事
被用来做某事
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
go on doing
go on to do
mean doing
mean to do
stop doing
stop to do
继续做原来做的事
接着做另一件事
意味着要做某事
想要做某事
停止做某事
停下来（别的事）开始
做某事
E. go on doing 和go on to do
Go on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如：
请接着做这同一个练习。
Please go on doing the same exercise．
请做另外一个练习。
Please go on to do the other exercise．
F．stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：
我们停止了交谈。
We stopped talking．
我们停了下来去谈话。
We stopped to talk．
注意:
allow/ permit /advise sb to do
allow/ permit /advise doing
We don’t allow smoking here．
We don't allow anybody to smoke here．
注意: need/ require/want(需要)doing
= need/ require/want to be done
窗户需要清洗。
The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／
to be cleaned．
注意：-ing form的否定形式
not + v-ing
事先没让你知道，我必须为此向你道歉。
I must apologize for __________________
ahead of time.
我没去那儿,对不起。
I’m sorry for _________________
not being there.
not letting you know
3．作介词宾语
下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等
Summary
-ing 作主语
1．直接置于句首
2 . 用形式主语 it
-ing作宾语
1．-ing作动词宾语
2. -ing 作介词宾语
3. -ing与不定式的比较
4. 可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词
注意：-ing 的否定形式
-ing 的被动形式
-ing的复合结构