安徽省2021年中考英语语法专题突破十五——交际用语 课件（53张PPT，无音频）

(共53张PPT)
专题十五　交际用语
交际用语在中考中主要涉及功能情境和日常寒暄两类。功能情境类交际用语包括打电话、劝告、建议、就医、问路、就餐、购物等。日常寒暄则涉及问候、谈论天气、感谢、道歉等。交际用语与日常生活息息相关,考生需要熟练掌握并运用。
预测交际用语依然会是安徽中考单项填空的必考点,一般会涉及问路、祝贺、祝愿、道谢、道歉、介绍、邀请等和日常生活相关的话题。此外,还要注意交际用语在听力和补全对话中的运用。考生在做题过程中应运用英语思维,并注意中西方文化的差异。
功能情境
考点1　打电话
1.电话拨通后相互打招呼:
Hello,
this
is...你好,我是……
Hello,
is
that...speaking?你好,你是……吗?
Who
is
(that)
speaking/calling?你是谁?
应答时常说:
Yes,(this
is)...speaking.是的,我是……
Yes,
it’s...here.是的,我是……
2.电话拨不通时常说:
The
line
is
busy.I
can’t
get
through.电话占线,我打不通。
I’ll
try
again
later.我过一会儿再打。
3.打电话请对方找人或留言:
Is
Tom
there?汤姆在吗?
Is...in/at
home?……在家吗?
Would/Could/Can
you
call...?你可以叫……接电话吗?
Can/May/Could
I
speak
to...please?请问我可以和……通话吗?
Will/Would
you
give
a
message
to...please?请给……捎个口信好吗?
Can/Could
you
ask...to
ring
me
back,
please?请让……给我回个电话好吗?
应答时常说:
Hold
on/Hold
the
line/Hang
on/Just
a
minute/Just
a
moment/Wait
a
minute/One
moment,
please.请稍等。
I’m
sorry,...is
not
in.对不起,……不在。
I’ll
ask
him
to
call
you
back.我会叫他给你回电话的。
Can
I
take
a
message?要我给你捎个口信吗?
考点2　劝告、建议
劝告或建议常用语
You’d
better
(not)
do
sth.你最好(不)做某事。
You
should
(not)
do
sth.你(不)应该做某事。
You
(don’t)
need
to
do
sth.你(不)需要做某事。
Why
don’t
you
do
sth.?/Why
not
do
sth.?为什么不做某事?
What/How
about...?……怎么样?
Shall
we...?/Let’s...,shall
we?我们……怎么样?
Please
(don’t)
do
sth.请(不要)做某事。
肯定答语
Great!太好了!
That’s
a
good
idea./Good
idea.好主意。
Sounds
good/nice/fine.听起来不错。
否定答语
I’m
afraid
that...恐怕……
I’m
afraid
not.恐怕不行。
Sorry,I
have
to...抱歉,我不得不……
考点3　介绍
介绍他人的常用语
This
is...这是……
I
want
to
introduce...我想介绍……
May
I
introduce
you
to...?我能把你介绍给……吗?
I’d
like
you
to
meet...我想让你见见……
Let
me
introduce
you
to...让我把你介绍给……
应答语
I’m
pleased
to
meet
you./Very
glad
to
meet
you./Nice
to
meet
you.很高兴认识你。
考点4　祝贺、祝愿
1.当某人取得成功时常说:
I
have
passed
the
examination!我已经通过考试了!
I
got
first
prize.我获得了一等奖。
应答时常说:
Congratulations
(to
you)!祝贺你!
Well
done!/Good
job!做得不错!
2.当得知某人要外出旅行时常说:
Good
luck
with
your
trip./Have
a
good
trip.一路顺风。
Have
a
good/nice/pleasant/wonderful
time.祝你玩得愉快。
Enjoy
yourself/yourselves.玩得开心。
3.当某人即将做某事时常说:
I
will
take
the
exams
tomorrow.我明天将参加考试。
应答时常说:
Good
luck
(to
you)!祝你好运!
4.在节日或某人生日时表示祝愿常说:
Happy
New
Year
(to
you)!(祝你)新年快乐!
Merry
Christmas
(to
you)!(祝你)圣诞节快乐!
Happy
Birthday
(to
you)!(祝你)生日快乐!
应答时常说:
Thanks!/Thank
you!谢谢!
Thanks.The
same
to
you!/Thank
you.You,too!谢谢,你也一样!
考点5　请求
1.表达请求时常说:
Can/Could/May
I...?我可不可以……?
I
wonder
if
I
could/can...我想知道我能否……
表示允许时常回答:
Yes./Sure./Of
course./Certainly.当然可以。
Yes,(do)
please./Go
ahead,please.请吧。
That’s
OK./All
right.好的。
No
problem.没问题。
Here
you
are.给你。
表示不允许时常回答:
No,please
don’t.不,请不要。
I’m
sorry,you
can’t.很抱歉,你不可以。
I’m
sorry,but...很抱歉,但是……
You’d
better
not...你最好不要……
2.表示请求时还可以说:
Do/Would
you
mind
if
I...?你是否介意我……?
表示允许时可以回答:
No,I
don’t
mind.不,我不介意。
Certainly
not./Of
course
not.当然不介意。
No,go
ahead.不介意,你做吧。
Not
at
all.一点也不(介意)。
表示不允许时可以回答:
I’m
sorry,you
can’t...很抱歉,你不能……
I’m
afraid...恐怕……
考点6　提供帮助
询问是否需要提供帮助的常用语
Can/Could/Shall
I
help
you
(with
that)?我可以帮你吗?
What
can
I
do
for
you?我能为你做什么?
Would
you
like
some/any
help?你需要一些帮助吗?
Is
there
anything
(else)
I
can
do
(for
you)?还有什么(别的事)我可以(为你)效劳的吗?
Let
me
do
sth.for
you.让我为你做某事吧。
肯定答语
Thank
you./Thanks
a
lot./Thank
you
very
much.谢谢/非常感谢。
Yes,please./Thanks,please.好的,谢谢。
Thanks.That’s
very
kind/good/nice
of
you.谢谢,你真是太好了。
否定答语
No,thanks.I
can
manage
it
myself.不,谢谢。我自己可以应付。
No,thank
you,but
I
can
do
it
myself.不,谢谢你,我能自己做。
No,I
can
do
it,but
thank
you
all/just
the
same.不,我可以做,不过还是得谢谢你。
考点7　就医
1.医生询问病情时常说:
What’s
wrong/the
matter/the
trouble
with
you?你哪里不舒服吗?
Is
there
anything
wrong
with
you?你哪里不舒服吗?
2.病人诉说病情时常说:
I
feel
terrible/bad/ill/sick.我感到很不舒服。
I
don’t
feel
well./I’m
not
feeling
well.我感到不舒服。
There
is
something
wrong
with
my...我的……不舒服。
My
back/nose
hurts.我的背/鼻子痛。
3.医生给病人检查和诊断时常说:
Let
me
exam
you.让我为你检查一下。
Does
it
hurt
here?这里痛吗?
How
long
have
you
been
like
this?你已经这样多久了?
It’s
nothing
serious.不要紧。
You’ll
be
well/all
right
soon.你很快会好的。
4.医生对病人提出医嘱时常说:
You’d
better
have
a
good
rest.你最好好好休息。
Take
this
medicine
three
times
a
day.这药每天吃三次。
Drink
plenty
of
water
and
have
a
good
rest.多喝水,好好休息。
1.询问地点在哪里或去某地的路线时常说:
Excuse
me.
Where
is...?劳驾,请问……在哪里?
Excuse
me.
How
can
I
get
to...?劳驾,请问怎样去……?
Excuse
me.
Can
you
tell
me
the
way
to...?劳驾,你能告诉我去……怎么走吗?
考点8　问路
应答时常说:
Go
straight
ahead
till
you
see...一直往前走,直到你看到……
Go
down/along
this
street.沿着这条街直走。
Turn
right/left
at
the
first
crossing.在第一个十字路口向右/左转。
You’d
better
take
a
taxi/No.5
bus.你最好乘出租车/5路公交车。
Sorry,
I
don’t
know.
You
can
ask...抱歉,我不知道。你可以问问……
2.询问路程有多远时常说:
How
far
is
it
from
here?它离这里多远?
应答时常说:
It’s
about...meters
from
here.它离这里大约……米远。
It’s
about
15
minutes’
walk./It’s
a
15?minute
walk.步行大约15分钟的路程。
考点9　就餐
主人招呼
客人的
常用语
Would
you
like
sth.(to
eat/to
drink)?你想要(吃/喝)点什么吗?
What
would
you
like
(to
have)?你想要(吃)点什么?
Would
you
like
some
more...?你还要点……吗?
How
about
(some
more)...?(再)来点……怎么样?
Help
yourself
to...你随便吃/喝点……
Make
yourself
at
home.请随便,不要拘束。
肯定
答语
Yes,please.好的。
I’d
like...我想来点……
Well,just
a
little,please.好吧,就来一点儿。
否定
答语
No,thanks.不用了,谢谢。
Thank
you.I’ve
had
enough.谢谢,我已经饱了。
I’m
full.Thank
you.谢谢,我吃饱了。
考点10　邀请、约会、告别
1.邀请时常说:
Will/Would/Can/Could
you
come
to...?请您来……好吗?
Would
you
like...?你想要……?
I’d
like
you
to
come
to...我希望你来……
接受邀请时常回答:
Yes,I’d
like/love
to.好的,我愿意。
OK.It’s
very
kind/nice
of
you
(to
invite
me).好的。你(邀请我)真是太好了。
委婉拒绝时常回答:
I’d
love
to,but
I’m
afraid...我想去,但是恐怕……
It’s
very
kind
of
you
to
invite
me,but
I’m
busy.谢谢你邀请我,但我很忙。
2.约会时常说:
What
time
shall
we
meet?我们什么时间见面呢?
Where
is
the
best
place
to
meet?我们在什么地方见面最好呢?
How
about
5:00
p.m./tonight/tomorrow?下午五点/今晚/明天怎么样?
Shall
we
meet
at
7:30
p.m.at
the
gate?我们晚上七点半在大门口碰头好吗?
3.告别时常说:
I’m
afraid
I
must
be
off/go/leave
now.恐怕我现在得走了。
Well,it’s
getting
late.哦,天色已晚了。
Maybe
we
could
get
together
sometime.也许我们改天还能再聚。
Thank
you
for
coming.多谢你的光临。
Could
you
stay
a
little
longer?你能再待一会儿吗?
Goodbye./See
you
(later).再见。
Take
care.保重。
考点11　购物
1.售货员向顾客打招呼时常说:
What
can
I
do
for
you?我能为你做点什么吗?
Can/May
I
help
you?需要帮助吗?
顾客应答时常说:
I
want
to
buy
sth.(for
sb.)
我想(给某人)买某物。
I
want
sth./I
would
like
sth.我想要买某物。
I
just
have
a
look.我只是看看。
I’m
looking
for...我在找……
2.售货员询问顾客要什么种类、款式、颜色、尺码时常说:
What
size/color/style
do
you
want?你想要什么尺码/颜色/款式?
What
kind
of
clothes
do
you
want/like?你想要/喜欢哪种衣服?
What
are
you
looking
for?你需要什么?
3.售货员询问顾客对商品的看法时常说:
How
do
you
like
this
(one)?/What
do
you
think
of
this
(one)?你觉得这个怎么样?
What/How
about
the
color/size/style?这个颜色/尺码/款式怎么样?
顾客应答时常说:
I
(don’t)
think
it’s
nice.我认为这个(不)好看。
I
like
it/them,but...我喜欢它/它们,但是……
It
looks
a
bit
large/short.它看起来有点大/短。
4.顾客对商品不满意时常说:
Do
you
have
any
other
size/color/style?有其他的尺码/颜色/款式吗?
Do
you
have
any
cheaper
ones?有更便宜的吗?
Have
you
got
a
bigger
size?有更大的尺码吗?
Can
you
show
me
another
one?可以给我看看另外一件吗?
5.顾客询问价格时常说:
How
much
is
it?/How
much
does
it
cost?/What
is
the
price
of
it?这个多少钱?
6.顾客要求试穿时常说:
Can/May
I
try
it
on?我能试一下吗?
7.顾客做出决定时常说:
I
will
take/buy/get
it.我要买下它。
I
can’t
decide.I
must
think
about
it.我还不能决定。我要考虑一下。
8.售货员询问顾客是否还需要其他商品时常说:
Anything
else?还需要其他的吗?
What
else
would
you
like?你还想要其他什么吗?
日常寒暄
考点12　问候
1.直接问候:
How’s
everything
with
you?/How
is
everything
going?/How
are
you
getting
on?/What’s
on/up?/How
are
you
(doing/going)?近来怎么样?
应答时常说:
Pretty
well./Very
well./Everything
is
OK.很好。
Not
(too)
bad.还好。
So
far,so
good.到目前为止,一切都还不错。
2.间接问候:
Please
give
my
regards/best
wishes/love
to...请代我向……问好。
Say
hi/hello
to...for
me.代我向……问好。
应答时常说:
Of
course.当然。
Sure,I
will.当然,我会的。
考点13　谈论天气
询问天气情况的常用语
What’s
the
weather
like
today?/How
is
the
weather
today?今天天气怎么样?
What’s
the
weather
going
to
be
like
tomorrow?明天天气将会怎么样?
应答语
It’s
(going
to
be)
fine/warm/cold/hot.天气(将会)很好/很暖和/很冷/很热。
Strong
wind.风很大。
It
rains/snows
heavily.雨/雪下得大。
考点14　致谢
表示感
谢的常
用语
Thank
you./Thanks.谢谢。
Thank
you
very
much./Thank
you
so
much./Thanks
a
lot.非常感谢。
Thank
you/Thanks
for
helping
me.感谢你的帮助。
Thanks
for
your
advice/invitation.感谢你的建议/邀请。
That’s
very
kind/nice
of
you.你真好。
Thank
you
all
the
same./Thank
you
just
the
same.还是要感谢你。
应答语
You’re
welcome./Not
at
all./Don’t
mention
it./That’s
all
right.不客气。
It’s
my
pleasure.我的荣幸。
考点15　道歉
道歉常
用语
Excuse
me
for...请原谅我……
I’m
really
sorry
for...我真为……感到抱歉。
I
really
feel
bad
about...我真对……感到难过。
应答语
Never
mind./It
doesn’t
matter./It’s
nothing
serious./That’s
all
right./Forget
it.没关系。
Please
don’t
worry
about
it.请别为这件事担心。
1.—It’s
so
kind
of
you
to
give
me
a
lift.
—　　　　.Any
gentleman
would
do
the
same.(　
D
　)?
A.It
depends
B.That’s
it
C.No
problem
D.Don’t
mention
it
随堂跟踪检测
2.—Hi,welcome
to
Hefei
Hotel.　　　　??
—Hi,yes.I
want
to
book
a
room
for
two
for
March
2nd.(　
C
　)
A.What’s
up
B.Where
are
you
from
C.How
may
I
help
you
D.What’s
the
matter
with
you
3.—Let’s
go
for
a
picnic
on
Saturday,James.
—　　　　
I
have
to
do
my
homework
at
home.(　
A
　)?
A.What
a
pity!
B.Don’t
worry.
C.Best
wishes.
D.How
come?
4.—It’s
a
long
time
since
we
met
last
year,Alice.How’s
it
going?
—　　　　.Many
thanks.(　
A
　)?
A.Pretty
good
B.The
same
to
you
C.It
doesn’t
matter
D.Help
yourself
5.—I’m
sorry.I
broke
your
tea
cup.
—　　　　.I
have
another
one
at
home.(　
A
　)?
A.It
doesn’t
matter
B.You’d
better
not
C.My
pleasure
D.It’s
too
bad
6.—I
think
students
should
have
mobile
phones
to
call
up
their
parents.
—　　　　.They
often
use
them
to
play
games
instead.(　
B
　)?
A.I
hope
so
B.I
don’t
agree
C.No
problem
D.Good
idea
7.—Jenny,it’s
raining
outside.Shall
I
give
you
a
ride?
—Thanks.　　　　.(　
B
　)?
A.Of
course
if
you
like
B.It
couldn’t
be
better
C.Mind
your
own
business
D.That’s
a
deal
8.—Can
I
have
a
day
off
tomorrow,Mr.Johnson?
—　　　　.I
can
manage
without
you.(　
D
　)?
A.Forget
it
B.I’m
afraid
not
C.It
depends
D.Of
course
9.—Don’t
throw
paper
on
the
floor.
—　　　　(　
B
　)?
A.Good
idea.
B.Sorry,I
won’t.
C.Cheers!
D.No
way!
10.—Would
you
like
some
fruit
juice?
—　　　　.I’m
not
used
to
drinking
cold
drinks
in
the
morning.(　
C
　)?
A.A
little,please
B.Yes,I
would
C.No,thanks
D.I’m
sorry
11.—I
fell
off
my
bike
and
hurt
my
leg
just
now.
—　　　　.(　
C
　)?
A.Be
careful
B.It
doesn’t
matter
C.I’m
sorry
to
hear
that
D.It’s
nothing
12.—All
of
us
will
take
the
entrance
exam
for
the
senior
high
school
in
June.
—　　　　!(　
B
　)?
A.Of
course
B.Good
luck
C.Congratulations
D.You’re
welcome
13.—Will
you
please
take
a
message
for
the
headteacher?
—　　　　.(　
B
　)?
A.It
doesn’t
matter
B.Sure,I’ll
be
glad
to
C.Yes,I’ll
take
it
D.I
can
help
you
14.—The
black
T?shirt
is
very
good
on
you.And
it’s
only
30
yuan.
—Great.　　　　.(　
D
　)?
A.It
looks
bad
B.It’s
too
expensive
C.I
don’t
like
it
D.I’ll
take
it