备考2021年高考英语二轮专题复习：任务型阅读（含解析）
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| 名称 | 备考2021年高考英语二轮专题复习：任务型阅读（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2021-01-11 10:16:27 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备考2021年高考英语二轮专题复习：任务型阅读
一、任务型阅读
1.（2020·新高考I）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 21世纪教育网版权所有
??? Som_e_indi_viduals are born with a gift for public speaking.________Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.21穋n穓y穋om
牋 Peo YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" e wan to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the "public" at the expense of the" speaking." ________ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.21·世纪*教育网
??? Even the__most__successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.________
牋 Your goal YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" not o be a perfect public speaker.________And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.21*cnjy*com
牋 _______ YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" t's rre to hear someone say, "I wish that speaker had spoken longer. "On the other hand, you probably can't count the times that you've thought, "I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! "So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.21教育网
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However,__the_m_ajority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
2.（2020·天津）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
??? As a_ny_you_nger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of "cool". For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren't made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
??? I prob_ably_w_ould have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of "cool".
牋 I don't YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ow wht made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn't fit Tyson's definition of "cool", I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
牋 As we or YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" nizedteams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn't feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I'm good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I'm Tyson's little brother, but that's only part of my identity. I'm a cool guy in my own way, too. I'm relieved to know that "cool" has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
（1）How do y_ou_und_erstand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
（2）What chan_ges_of_fered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
（3）Accordin_g_to_P_aragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author's growth? (no more than 7 words)
（4）Wha_t_does_ Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words) 2·1·c·n·j·y
（5）What__is_yo_ur example of "cool"? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
3.（2020·浙江）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
??? I expe_rience_d years of loneliness as a child. ________?His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
牋 A brigh YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" spot or me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. ________營 started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. ________
牋 My mothe YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" also ncouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. ________營 learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
??? _________My_pa_rents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They're all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.
4.（2020·江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填一个单词。
Humor
??? If you se_e_humo_r as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
??? Best o_f_all,_ humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
牋 Hu YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" r als transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
牋 In my expe YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ence,most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that's true. But not all senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
牋 You do YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" t hav to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You'll appear fun and funny by association.www.21-cn-jy.com
牋 When i YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" comesto in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there's always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn't as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
牋 So YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" peope--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
牋 Self- YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" f all,deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don't want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it too often, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.
Humor
Benefits of humor ●Humor _is_for_m of ________. Humor can improve one's________ and personality.
●Humor can make one ________ in his work, study, and life.
●Humor has a positive________ effect when we are in difficulties.
________to follow ●________ o_thers__ for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor.
●Quality counts ________ than attitude and effort-even stupid joke can ________ others of risk and embarrassment.
Traps to ________ ●One hum_orous__complaint makes funny person. But too many complaints will ________ your audience.
●Self-deprecating comments show one's assurance. But too much deprecation will make a Chihuahua dog.
5.（2020·新课标Ⅲ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
牋 A housewar YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ng paty is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ________燗nd it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
牋 ________燬ome people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
牋 ________This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ________
牋 Housewarmi YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" partes get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ________燦ow most homes have central heating and don't use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn't usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you're _lucky__enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best h_ousewa_rming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This wa_s_so_t_hat the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
6.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【版权所有：21教育】
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
??? We _all_wa_nt it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. ________?Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
??? ●________?Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
??? ●For_give_y_ourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. ________?You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? "That didn't go as planned. But, I tried my best."
??? ●Recogniz_e_all__of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. ________?
??? ●Now that y_ou've__listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. ________?Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
7.（2019·浙江）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
??? Ro_ck_mus_ic consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.________At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were _given__an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ________They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends（传说）. John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
??? _________The_y were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ________?The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion（入侵）by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ________
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock b_ands_w_ere able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They ap_peared_ in the films A Hard Day's Night（1964）and Help！（1965）.
G. They__perfo_rmed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
8.（2019·北京）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. It's n_ot_a_s_imple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group__inter_action and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars__appar_ently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several rece_nt_stu_dies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Build_ing_up_ a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
??? Much of _the_wo_rk in today's world is accomplished (完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ________ Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
??? __________They_ focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
牋 To explain YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" is phnomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. ________ In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, "There is no I in TEAM." ________
牋 Another YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" _ They possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
??? ________.__An_A-_team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.
9.（2019·江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
The Cost of Thinking
??? Despit_e_thei_r many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
??? The firs_t_uniq_ue human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals (哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
??? The__fact__is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull (倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
??? Another uniq_ue_hum_an characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
牋 Yet walki YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" upriht has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
牋 We assume t YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" t a lrge brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction
The ________ of large human brains
昑he larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
昑he big brHYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ins mke it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
昑he animal brain requires less ________when the body is at rest.
The ________ of walking upright
昗alkiHYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" g uHYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ight akes it easy to find food or ________against enemies.
昗alkingHYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" uprght challenges the human bone structure, and ________ the size of brains.
Conclusion ? Wi_th_a_l_arge brain, human beings ________ other beings in terms of intelligence.
? Weak and marginal, human beings remained ________ of meat-eating animals.
10.（2019·全国卷Ⅲ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
??? In an online__class_, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ________?While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.
??? Do's
??? ________?_Questi_ons about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
??? Participate _in_dis_cussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ________?Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
??? Don'ts
??? Don_'t_sha_re personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ________
牋 Don YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" openy express annoyance at a professor or class. ________燱hen a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don't for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
11.（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
??? Imagine a ch_ild_st_anding on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ________Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.21*cnjy*com
牋 ________燤o HPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" rthan hat, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you're your goals
牋 You also ne YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" to jdge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ________?So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity（清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.
??? Another way__of_se_tting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.________?They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
牋 Your per YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" nal crcumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough.________You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
牋 You will YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" urelyneed to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. Howe_ver,_t_his should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
12.（2019·新课标Ⅰ卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
??? We all gr_ew_up__hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air." ________?According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
??? ________?If__the_a_ir you're breathing is clean-which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
??? Recently, p_eople__have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). ________?In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ________?It gives us a great feeling of peace.
??? ________W_hile_t_he sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D梑ut still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is f_resh_a_ir really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across _the_co_untry, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
13.（201_9?·?¤???????é??_读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
??? Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
牋 Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children," Mabry said.
牋 On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria, and Lucy, who just wants a hug.
??? "He won't brag（夸耀）on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building," said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.
牋 Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
牋 Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: "Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine.”
（1）What i_s_Mabr_y's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
（2）How__did_t_he students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
（3）What does the__under_lined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
（4）Why is _Mabry'_s presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
（5）Who is the__"suns_hine" in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
14.（2020·新课标Ⅱ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
??? Emoji (表情符号) and Workplace Communication
??? In Asi_a,_mes_saging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. ________. It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
牋 Written YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ommuncations can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. ________, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
牋 In any gi YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" n offce, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. ________. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
??? There is__also__the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? ________. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
??? ________, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studi_es_sho_w that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way _to_bri_ng all work generations together is with a chat platform
答案解析部分
一、任务型阅读
1.答案： G；A；C；B；D
解析：本文是一篇说明文，本文介_??????????????????_演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。根据空前“? Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.”有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.“然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。”与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Focus on the speaking.”是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。空前提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A. Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。根据空前“?So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.”建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.“你不需要为一个小失误道歉。”承接上文，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是说明练习的重要性。根据空前“?Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.”可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.“公开演讲时，通常少就是多。”说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
点评：本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2.答案： （1）Receiving less attention than someone else. 21教育名师原创作品
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
（2）That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson's le_aving__for college and the author's going to/attending a new school.
（3）Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
（4）(How) the author discovered a broader definition of "cool".
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
（5）Play_ing_fo_otball well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: He_lping__the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
解析：本文是_??????è?°?????????_作者一直活在哥哥泰森的阴影下，他的哥哥很酷，所以他总是被忽略。但当哥哥离开去上大学，他独自开始学校生活时，通过加入学校的Science Olympiad，他找到了真正的自己，也按自己的理解重新定义了”酷”。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of "cool". For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. ”.可知，就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被忽略的一个。根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected one可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被忽略”。故填:Receiving less attention than someone else. Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else. Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself.”但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独自在一个新的学校开始，可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新的开始。故填:That his brother left for college and he changed schools. Or: Tyson's leaving for college and the author's going to/attending a new school.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn't fit Tyson's definition of 'cool ’, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.”我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一天，出于某种原因，我参加了)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥哥的“影子”。故填:Joining the Science Olympiad team. Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team. Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
（4）考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“Now I know who I am! I'm Tyson's little brother, but that's only part of my identity. I'm a cool guy in my own way, too. I'm relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.”现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣慰。可知，本段主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填:(How) the author discovered a broader definition of "cool". Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool. Or: He found his own identity.
（5）考查开放性题目。只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填:Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am. Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy. Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
点评：本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和开放题目四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，同时结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
3.答案： G；D；A；F；E
解析：本文是一篇记叙文，作者介_??????è???·±??????_几个生活习惯的原因。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”他的朋友嘲笑他照顾妹妹,他的兴趣和我完全不同，可知G. My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening.?”我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候，可知，D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”承接上文，故选D。（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Reading opened new worlds to me.?”“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A. I wasn't alone any longer.“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系，符合语境，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were.”当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意，可知，F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.“于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。故选F。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season.?”无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外，可知，E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.“我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”符合语境，故选E。
点评：本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
4.答案： entertain_ment???a_ppearance/look；energetic；psychological；Tips/Suggestions/Advice；Preparing；less；relieve/free；avoid/skip；bore/tire/exhaust
解析：本文是一篇说明_??????????????????_默的好处，讲遵循的技巧以及所要避开的陷阱。
（1）考查原词再现。根据第一段中的“If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits” 如果你把幽默看作是一种可选的娱乐形式，你就错过了它的一些最大的好处。可知，幽默是一种娱乐形式。故填entertainment。
（2）考查语意转化。根据第一段中的“Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. ”幽默能让相貌平平的人看起来可爱，让不感兴趣的人看起来很有趣。可知，幽默可以改善一个人的外表和个性。故填appearance/look。
（3）考查词性转换。根据第二段中的“Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. ”最重要的是，幽默能提升你的精力，这会对你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切产生影响。可知，幽默能使人在工作、学习和生活中充满活力。句中名词energy转换成形容词，故填energetic。
（4）考查语意转化。根据第三段中的“Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles.”幽默还能使你的思维从日常烦恼中解脱出来。可知，幽默让你理解生活，有时帮助你在最困难时能够大笑。可以推断出当我们遇到困难时，幽默会对我们的心理产生影响。故填psychological。
（5）考查原词再现。根据第四段中的“So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.”所以我觉得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧会很有用。可知，这里为幽默所要遵循的建议或技巧。故填Tips/Suggestions/Advice。
（6）考查语意转化。根据第五段中的“You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. ”你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题，而这些话题已经为其他人增添了幽默感。可知，这里指为他人准备一场有趣的对话。所填词中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填Preparing。
（7）考查语意转化。根据第六段中的“When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot.”说到个人幽默，努力是很重要的；以及”For in-person humor, quality isn't as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.” 对于面对面的幽默，质量并不像你想象的那么重要。你的态度和努力很重要。可知，质量没有态度和努力重要。故填less。
（8）考查原词再现。根据第六段中的“So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. ”所以，即使你自己的幽默努力失败了，你也可能释放了别人长期保持的幽默。可知，即使是一个愚蠢的笑话也能让别人免于风险和尴尬。relieve/free…of…固定短语，“免于……”。故填relieve/free。
（9）考查归纳总结。根据表格此栏后面的内容可知，这里是讲幽默所需要避开的陷阱。故填avoid/skip。
（10）考查语意转化。根据倒数第二段中的”One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out. ”对生活中某个问题的一个有趣的观察可能很有趣，但五个就是只有抱怨了，不管你认为自己有多聪明。有趣的抱怨会让人筋疲力尽。可知，太多的抱怨只会让人厌烦或筋疲力尽。故填bore/tire/exhaust。
点评：本题考点涉及原词再现，语意转化，词性转换和归纳总结四个题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，同时结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
5.答案： E；B；C；A；G
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了_???è??è???????????_的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.”这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会；以及空后“ And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.”现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.“它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。”承上启下，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.”；以及“like a piece of art or a plant.” 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.“带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统”，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.”这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.“你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。”符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“?Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.?”有时候，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A. This isn't usual though.“但这并不常见。”表达了此意，符合语境，故选A。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“...bring firewood to a new home as a gift.”人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.“这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。”符合语境。故选G。
点评：本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6.答案： B；F；D；C；A
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍_?????????è????????_纳的小技巧。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据标题“A Few Tips for Self-acceptance”自我接纳的几点建议；以及空后“Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.”这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。可知，B. Where do you start?“从哪里开始呢？”符合语境，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.”你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.“停止把自己和别人进行比较。”可以作为本段中心句，故选F。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.”原谅自己所犯的错误；以及空后“You will make mistakes, time and time again.”你会一次又一次地犯错误。可知，本句是在说明要讲自己看作一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的。D. Remember, you are only human.“记住，你只是个人。”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.”列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天你拜托了困境。可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝，C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.“没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。”符合语境，故选C。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.”用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话；以及空后“Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? ”翻到你日记本上记下你的优点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？可推知本句是在说明“再次感到心烦意乱”的情况。A. Feeling upset again?“再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？”符合上下文语境，故选A。
点评：本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
7.答案： C；B；A；G；E
解析：这是一篇记叙文，介绍_????¤?????????????_队的崛起和对音乐的引领。
（1）段中句。根据后一句的at that time可知此处涉及时间，the Beatles entered the world of music?与developed对应，故答案为C。
（2）段中句。有前后句中的they可将答案范围缩小，根据前一句中的 extremely popular 与选项B中的 Even their hairstyles became major trends 呼应，故答案为B。
（3）段首句。后一句中“他们不确定how the Americans would react to the new type of music ”?是他们去美国前的态度，与选项A中的 decided on a tour to the United States?有紧密联系。故答案为A。
（4）段中句。本段描述披头士乐队在美国的受欢迎程度。前一句 fans jammed the airport to greet them 描写粉丝们的热情，后一句中的 The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience 说明他们在开演唱会，同时选项G中的 performed their first concert in America ，与前文提到的他们第一次到美国呼应，故答案为G。
（5）段尾句。根据前一句 Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.? 感谢披头士，市场中很多机会向新面孔打开。可知此处应举例，选项E中的 Many rock bands were able to follow in the footstep就是因为披头士乐队的影响的表现。故答案为E。
【点评】本题重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
2-1-c-n-j-y
8.答案： B；E；G；D；F
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了_??????????????????_阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“?Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.?”大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人；根据空后“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.?”公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。该空承上启下，也是在举例，B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed.”他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“?To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions.?”为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance.?”一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“An A-team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.”一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。该空引出下文，F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
9.答案： cha_racter_istics；disadvantages；energy；impact(s)；guard；other；limits；physical；beat；fearful/afraid
解析：本文是一篇说明_??????????????????_用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
（1）信息归纳题。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.”可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。故填characteristics。
（2）信息归纳题。此题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。
（3）信息来源题。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of energy ”以及“It (the brain) consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require only 8% of rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。 当身体处于休息时，大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要的能量（energy）要比人类少。故填energy。
（4）信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。
（5）信息转换题。根据第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为or为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故空格填动词。“guard against...”为固定搭配，意为“防御......”，故填guard。
（6）信息来源题。根据第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving? around are freed for other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. ”可知，解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。
（7）信息归纳题。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，骨骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。
（8）信息转换题。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价，换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。
（9）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal? on earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。故填beat。
（10）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。
点评：本题考点涉及信息归纳，信息转换题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
10.答案： E；G；A；C；F
解析： 本文为说明文。在网络课堂_??????????????????_立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
（1）段中句。根据文章段落结构和本段首句 In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康交流模式是非常重要的，根据下文中的 do's 和 don'ts可知此处此处为文章的主题句? ， 故答案为E。
（2）段首句。根据其后一句Questions?about?subject?content?are?generally?welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G项 make sure they are good, thoughtful questions 相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故答案为G。
（3）段中句。根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue 可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故答案为A。
（4）段尾句。根据本段 Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends 教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故答案为C。
（5）段中句。通读本段，并根据本段主题句 ?Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class 告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选答案为F。
点评：本题重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
11.答案： G；B；A；E；C
解析：这是一篇议论文，_è°?è????¨?????????_标设立的关系。
（1）段中句。前一句“动机和目标的设定是硬币的两面”，所以可以判断此处论述motivation与goal setting的关系，故答案为G。
（2）段首句。下文中的More?than that后面的how should you stay motivated to achieve the?goal?是一个特殊疑问句，所以可以判断此处的句式与后面的问句相似，都涉及到“motivate”，故答案为B。
（3）段中句。根据前一句your heart?is not?in?your work，这就会“影响你的工作”，后一句So, slow down?and?think…提出应对措施，故答案为A。
（4）段中句。根据前一句goals?are?flexible，选项E中的they与goals对应，change?according?to?circumstances与flexible（灵活的）对应；另外后一句中的also说明此处涉及目标的特点，故答案为E。
（5）段中句。前文提到“想当飞行员但是视力不好”，后一句说“你要重新评估你的目标，激励自己设定新的目标”，所以此处是承上启下的句子，故答案为C。
点评：这是一篇议论文，重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
12.答案： E；A；G；C；D
解析：这是一篇议论文，谈论在没有_?±????????????????_，新鲜空气对人体有好处，能加快病人的康复。
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. 新鲜的空气清洁我们的肺。
B. So what are you waiting for? 所以你在等待什么？
C. Being in nature refreshes us. 待在自然中可以让我们恢复精力。
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. 得到新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? 但是新鲜的空气真的正如你妈妈经常说的那样对你有好处吗？
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.? 同样重要的是，我们倾向于将空气与医疗保健联系起来。
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 全国各地的康复中心都开始建造康复花园。
（1）段中句，看前后。根据后一句the answer is a big YES可知此处是一般疑问句，故答案为E。
（2）段首句，看下文。根据后一句If the air you're breathing is clean-which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen可知干净的空气富含提神的氧气，这是在解释新鲜空气能清洁我们的肺的原因。故答案为A。
（3）段中句，看前后。根据前文的the connection between the natural world and healing和下文的these places…near nature during their recovery可知此处涉及康复中心这个关键词，故答案为G。
（4）段中句。前文中的tree branches与nature对应，后一句It gives us a great feeling of peace，指在自然中的好处，故答案为C。
（5）段首句，看下文。根据后一句中的the sun's rays可知本段涉及太阳光。故答案为D。
【点评】本题考查对文章的逻辑关系的把握，答题时紧扣上下文的关键词寻找关联信息。
13.答案： （1）Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
（2）By lining th_e_hall_ways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.
Or: By lining _the_ha_llways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined t_he_hal_lways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined _the_ha_llways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
（3）Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fon_dness._
（4）（Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work. 【出处：21教育名师】
Or: （Because）he _is_kin_d/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because_???he_is_ regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
（5）My father/mot_her._???_Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties. 21cnjy.com
Or: My teacher. _???Becau_se）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. _???Becau_se）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
解析： 本文是一篇记_????????????????·?_Mabry的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building. /Doing（the） cleaning. /He cleans the (school)building. /He does (the) cleaning.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him. /By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.?/ They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.?/ They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They're like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love /Liking?/Fondness.
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“...he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段中的“Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot.”可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋工作的人。因此答案为：(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.?/ (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.?/(Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working.?/ (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
（5）考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.??Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.? ?Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.
点评：本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测以及综合表达能力等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而做出正确答案。
14.答案： D；A；G；B；F
解析：本文是一篇说明_???????????????è?¨_情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.”在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户；以及空后“It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.”据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally.“这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延”符合语境。故选D。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.”使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图；以及空后“encouraging better and more frequent communication.”鼓励更好更频繁的交流，可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational.“使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈”符合语境。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. ”在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战。G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform与“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”一致，故选G。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?”谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？；以及空后介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. “即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好”符合语境，故选B。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome.”并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果，可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。F. Studies show that friendlier com
备考2021年高考英语二轮专题复习：任务型阅读
一、任务型阅读
1.（2020·新高考I）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 21世纪教育网版权所有
??? Som_e_indi_viduals are born with a gift for public speaking.________Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.21穋n穓y穋om
牋 Peo YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" e wan to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the "public" at the expense of the" speaking." ________ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.21·世纪*教育网
??? Even the__most__successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.________
牋 Your goal YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" not o be a perfect public speaker.________And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.21*cnjy*com
牋 _______ YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" t's rre to hear someone say, "I wish that speaker had spoken longer. "On the other hand, you probably can't count the times that you've thought, "I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! "So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.21教育网
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However,__the_m_ajority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
2.（2020·天津）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
??? As a_ny_you_nger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of "cool". For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren't made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
??? I prob_ably_w_ould have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of "cool".
牋 I don't YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ow wht made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn't fit Tyson's definition of "cool", I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
牋 As we or YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" nizedteams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn't feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I'm good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I'm Tyson's little brother, but that's only part of my identity. I'm a cool guy in my own way, too. I'm relieved to know that "cool" has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
（1）How do y_ou_und_erstand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
（2）What chan_ges_of_fered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
（3）Accordin_g_to_P_aragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author's growth? (no more than 7 words)
（4）Wha_t_does_ Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words) 2·1·c·n·j·y
（5）What__is_yo_ur example of "cool"? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
3.（2020·浙江）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
??? I expe_rience_d years of loneliness as a child. ________?His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
牋 A brigh YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" spot or me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. ________營 started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. ________
牋 My mothe YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" also ncouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. ________營 learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
??? _________My_pa_rents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They're all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.
4.（2020·江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填一个单词。
Humor
??? If you se_e_humo_r as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
??? Best o_f_all,_ humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
牋 Hu YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" r als transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
牋 In my expe YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ence,most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that's true. But not all senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
牋 You do YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" t hav to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You'll appear fun and funny by association.www.21-cn-jy.com
牋 When i YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" comesto in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there's always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn't as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
牋 So YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" peope--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
牋 Self- YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" f all,deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don't want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it too often, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.
Humor
Benefits of humor ●Humor _is_for_m of ________. Humor can improve one's________ and personality.
●Humor can make one ________ in his work, study, and life.
●Humor has a positive________ effect when we are in difficulties.
________to follow ●________ o_thers__ for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor.
●Quality counts ________ than attitude and effort-even stupid joke can ________ others of risk and embarrassment.
Traps to ________ ●One hum_orous__complaint makes funny person. But too many complaints will ________ your audience.
●Self-deprecating comments show one's assurance. But too much deprecation will make a Chihuahua dog.
5.（2020·新课标Ⅲ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
牋 A housewar YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ng paty is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ________燗nd it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
牋 ________燬ome people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
牋 ________This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ________
牋 Housewarmi YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" partes get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ________燦ow most homes have central heating and don't use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn't usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you're _lucky__enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best h_ousewa_rming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This wa_s_so_t_hat the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
6.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【版权所有：21教育】
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
??? We _all_wa_nt it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. ________?Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
??? ●________?Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
??? ●For_give_y_ourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. ________?You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? "That didn't go as planned. But, I tried my best."
??? ●Recogniz_e_all__of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. ________?
??? ●Now that y_ou've__listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. ________?Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
7.（2019·浙江）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
??? Ro_ck_mus_ic consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.________At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were _given__an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ________They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends（传说）. John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
??? _________The_y were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ________?The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion（入侵）by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ________
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock b_ands_w_ere able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They ap_peared_ in the films A Hard Day's Night（1964）and Help！（1965）.
G. They__perfo_rmed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
8.（2019·北京）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. It's n_ot_a_s_imple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group__inter_action and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars__appar_ently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several rece_nt_stu_dies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Build_ing_up_ a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
??? Much of _the_wo_rk in today's world is accomplished (完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ________ Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
??? __________They_ focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
牋 To explain YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" is phnomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. ________ In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, "There is no I in TEAM." ________
牋 Another YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" _ They possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
??? ________.__An_A-_team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.
9.（2019·江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
The Cost of Thinking
??? Despit_e_thei_r many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
??? The firs_t_uniq_ue human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals (哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
??? The__fact__is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull (倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
??? Another uniq_ue_hum_an characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
牋 Yet walki YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" upriht has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
牋 We assume t YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" t a lrge brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction
The ________ of large human brains
昑he larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
昑he big brHYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ins mke it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
昑he animal brain requires less ________when the body is at rest.
The ________ of walking upright
昗alkiHYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" g uHYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ight akes it easy to find food or ________against enemies.
昗alkingHYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" uprght challenges the human bone structure, and ________ the size of brains.
Conclusion ? Wi_th_a_l_arge brain, human beings ________ other beings in terms of intelligence.
? Weak and marginal, human beings remained ________ of meat-eating animals.
10.（2019·全国卷Ⅲ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
??? In an online__class_, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ________?While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.
??? Do's
??? ________?_Questi_ons about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
??? Participate _in_dis_cussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ________?Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
??? Don'ts
??? Don_'t_sha_re personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ________
牋 Don YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" openy express annoyance at a professor or class. ________燱hen a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don't for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
11.（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
??? Imagine a ch_ild_st_anding on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ________Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.21*cnjy*com
牋 ________燤o HPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" rthan hat, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you're your goals
牋 You also ne YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" to jdge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ________?So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity（清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.
??? Another way__of_se_tting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.________?They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
牋 Your per YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" nal crcumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough.________You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
牋 You will YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" urelyneed to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. Howe_ver,_t_his should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
12.（2019·新课标Ⅰ卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
??? We all gr_ew_up__hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air." ________?According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
??? ________?If__the_a_ir you're breathing is clean-which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
??? Recently, p_eople__have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). ________?In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ________?It gives us a great feeling of peace.
??? ________W_hile_t_he sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D梑ut still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is f_resh_a_ir really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across _the_co_untry, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
13.（201_9?·?¤???????é??_读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
??? Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
牋 Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children," Mabry said.
牋 On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria, and Lucy, who just wants a hug.
??? "He won't brag（夸耀）on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building," said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.
牋 Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
牋 Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: "Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine.”
（1）What i_s_Mabr_y's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
（2）How__did_t_he students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
（3）What does the__under_lined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
（4）Why is _Mabry'_s presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
（5）Who is the__"suns_hine" in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
14.（2020·新课标Ⅱ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
??? Emoji (表情符号) and Workplace Communication
??? In Asi_a,_mes_saging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. ________. It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
牋 Written YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" ommuncations can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. ________, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
牋 In any gi YPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com" n offce, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. ________. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
??? There is__also__the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? ________. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
??? ________, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studi_es_sho_w that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way _to_bri_ng all work generations together is with a chat platform
答案解析部分
一、任务型阅读
1.答案： G；A；C；B；D
解析：本文是一篇说明文，本文介_??????????????????_演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。根据空前“? Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.”有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.“然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。”与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Focus on the speaking.”是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。空前提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A. Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。根据空前“?So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.”建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.“你不需要为一个小失误道歉。”承接上文，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是说明练习的重要性。根据空前“?Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.”可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.“公开演讲时，通常少就是多。”说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
点评：本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2.答案： （1）Receiving less attention than someone else. 21教育名师原创作品
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
（2）That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson's le_aving__for college and the author's going to/attending a new school.
（3）Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
（4）(How) the author discovered a broader definition of "cool".
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
（5）Play_ing_fo_otball well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: He_lping__the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
解析：本文是_??????è?°?????????_作者一直活在哥哥泰森的阴影下，他的哥哥很酷，所以他总是被忽略。但当哥哥离开去上大学，他独自开始学校生活时，通过加入学校的Science Olympiad，他找到了真正的自己，也按自己的理解重新定义了”酷”。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of "cool". For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. ”.可知，就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被忽略的一个。根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected one可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被忽略”。故填:Receiving less attention than someone else. Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else. Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself.”但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独自在一个新的学校开始，可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新的开始。故填:That his brother left for college and he changed schools. Or: Tyson's leaving for college and the author's going to/attending a new school.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn't fit Tyson's definition of 'cool ’, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.”我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一天，出于某种原因，我参加了)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥哥的“影子”。故填:Joining the Science Olympiad team. Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team. Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
（4）考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“Now I know who I am! I'm Tyson's little brother, but that's only part of my identity. I'm a cool guy in my own way, too. I'm relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.”现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣慰。可知，本段主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填:(How) the author discovered a broader definition of "cool". Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool. Or: He found his own identity.
（5）考查开放性题目。只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填:Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am. Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy. Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
点评：本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和开放题目四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，同时结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
3.答案： G；D；A；F；E
解析：本文是一篇记叙文，作者介_??????è???·±??????_几个生活习惯的原因。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”他的朋友嘲笑他照顾妹妹,他的兴趣和我完全不同，可知G. My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening.?”我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候，可知，D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”承接上文，故选D。（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Reading opened new worlds to me.?”“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A. I wasn't alone any longer.“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系，符合语境，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were.”当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意，可知，F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.“于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。故选F。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season.?”无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外，可知，E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.“我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”符合语境，故选E。
点评：本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
4.答案： entertain_ment???a_ppearance/look；energetic；psychological；Tips/Suggestions/Advice；Preparing；less；relieve/free；avoid/skip；bore/tire/exhaust
解析：本文是一篇说明_??????????????????_默的好处，讲遵循的技巧以及所要避开的陷阱。
（1）考查原词再现。根据第一段中的“If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits” 如果你把幽默看作是一种可选的娱乐形式，你就错过了它的一些最大的好处。可知，幽默是一种娱乐形式。故填entertainment。
（2）考查语意转化。根据第一段中的“Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. ”幽默能让相貌平平的人看起来可爱，让不感兴趣的人看起来很有趣。可知，幽默可以改善一个人的外表和个性。故填appearance/look。
（3）考查词性转换。根据第二段中的“Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. ”最重要的是，幽默能提升你的精力，这会对你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切产生影响。可知，幽默能使人在工作、学习和生活中充满活力。句中名词energy转换成形容词，故填energetic。
（4）考查语意转化。根据第三段中的“Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles.”幽默还能使你的思维从日常烦恼中解脱出来。可知，幽默让你理解生活，有时帮助你在最困难时能够大笑。可以推断出当我们遇到困难时，幽默会对我们的心理产生影响。故填psychological。
（5）考查原词再现。根据第四段中的“So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.”所以我觉得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧会很有用。可知，这里为幽默所要遵循的建议或技巧。故填Tips/Suggestions/Advice。
（6）考查语意转化。根据第五段中的“You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. ”你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题，而这些话题已经为其他人增添了幽默感。可知，这里指为他人准备一场有趣的对话。所填词中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填Preparing。
（7）考查语意转化。根据第六段中的“When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot.”说到个人幽默，努力是很重要的；以及”For in-person humor, quality isn't as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.” 对于面对面的幽默，质量并不像你想象的那么重要。你的态度和努力很重要。可知，质量没有态度和努力重要。故填less。
（8）考查原词再现。根据第六段中的“So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. ”所以，即使你自己的幽默努力失败了，你也可能释放了别人长期保持的幽默。可知，即使是一个愚蠢的笑话也能让别人免于风险和尴尬。relieve/free…of…固定短语，“免于……”。故填relieve/free。
（9）考查归纳总结。根据表格此栏后面的内容可知，这里是讲幽默所需要避开的陷阱。故填avoid/skip。
（10）考查语意转化。根据倒数第二段中的”One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out. ”对生活中某个问题的一个有趣的观察可能很有趣，但五个就是只有抱怨了，不管你认为自己有多聪明。有趣的抱怨会让人筋疲力尽。可知，太多的抱怨只会让人厌烦或筋疲力尽。故填bore/tire/exhaust。
点评：本题考点涉及原词再现，语意转化，词性转换和归纳总结四个题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，同时结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
5.答案： E；B；C；A；G
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了_???è??è???????????_的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.”这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会；以及空后“ And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.”现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.“它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。”承上启下，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.”；以及“like a piece of art or a plant.” 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.“带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统”，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.”这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.“你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。”符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“?Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.?”有时候，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A. This isn't usual though.“但这并不常见。”表达了此意，符合语境，故选A。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“...bring firewood to a new home as a gift.”人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.“这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。”符合语境。故选G。
点评：本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6.答案： B；F；D；C；A
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍_?????????è????????_纳的小技巧。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据标题“A Few Tips for Self-acceptance”自我接纳的几点建议；以及空后“Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.”这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。可知，B. Where do you start?“从哪里开始呢？”符合语境，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.”你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.“停止把自己和别人进行比较。”可以作为本段中心句，故选F。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.”原谅自己所犯的错误；以及空后“You will make mistakes, time and time again.”你会一次又一次地犯错误。可知，本句是在说明要讲自己看作一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的。D. Remember, you are only human.“记住，你只是个人。”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.”列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天你拜托了困境。可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝，C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.“没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。”符合语境，故选C。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.”用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话；以及空后“Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? ”翻到你日记本上记下你的优点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？可推知本句是在说明“再次感到心烦意乱”的情况。A. Feeling upset again?“再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？”符合上下文语境，故选A。
点评：本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
7.答案： C；B；A；G；E
解析：这是一篇记叙文，介绍_????¤?????????????_队的崛起和对音乐的引领。
（1）段中句。根据后一句的at that time可知此处涉及时间，the Beatles entered the world of music?与developed对应，故答案为C。
（2）段中句。有前后句中的they可将答案范围缩小，根据前一句中的 extremely popular 与选项B中的 Even their hairstyles became major trends 呼应，故答案为B。
（3）段首句。后一句中“他们不确定how the Americans would react to the new type of music ”?是他们去美国前的态度，与选项A中的 decided on a tour to the United States?有紧密联系。故答案为A。
（4）段中句。本段描述披头士乐队在美国的受欢迎程度。前一句 fans jammed the airport to greet them 描写粉丝们的热情，后一句中的 The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience 说明他们在开演唱会，同时选项G中的 performed their first concert in America ，与前文提到的他们第一次到美国呼应，故答案为G。
（5）段尾句。根据前一句 Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.? 感谢披头士，市场中很多机会向新面孔打开。可知此处应举例，选项E中的 Many rock bands were able to follow in the footstep就是因为披头士乐队的影响的表现。故答案为E。
【点评】本题重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
2-1-c-n-j-y
8.答案： B；E；G；D；F
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了_??????????????????_阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“?Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.?”大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人；根据空后“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.?”公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。该空承上启下，也是在举例，B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed.”他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“?To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions.?”为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance.?”一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“An A-team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.”一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。该空引出下文，F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
9.答案： cha_racter_istics；disadvantages；energy；impact(s)；guard；other；limits；physical；beat；fearful/afraid
解析：本文是一篇说明_??????????????????_用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
（1）信息归纳题。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.”可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。故填characteristics。
（2）信息归纳题。此题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。
（3）信息来源题。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of energy ”以及“It (the brain) consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require only 8% of rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。 当身体处于休息时，大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要的能量（energy）要比人类少。故填energy。
（4）信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。
（5）信息转换题。根据第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为or为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故空格填动词。“guard against...”为固定搭配，意为“防御......”，故填guard。
（6）信息来源题。根据第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving? around are freed for other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. ”可知，解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。
（7）信息归纳题。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，骨骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。
（8）信息转换题。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价，换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。
（9）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal? on earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。故填beat。
（10）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。
点评：本题考点涉及信息归纳，信息转换题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
10.答案： E；G；A；C；F
解析： 本文为说明文。在网络课堂_??????????????????_立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
（1）段中句。根据文章段落结构和本段首句 In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康交流模式是非常重要的，根据下文中的 do's 和 don'ts可知此处此处为文章的主题句? ， 故答案为E。
（2）段首句。根据其后一句Questions?about?subject?content?are?generally?welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G项 make sure they are good, thoughtful questions 相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故答案为G。
（3）段中句。根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue 可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故答案为A。
（4）段尾句。根据本段 Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends 教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故答案为C。
（5）段中句。通读本段，并根据本段主题句 ?Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class 告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选答案为F。
点评：本题重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
11.答案： G；B；A；E；C
解析：这是一篇议论文，_è°?è????¨?????????_标设立的关系。
（1）段中句。前一句“动机和目标的设定是硬币的两面”，所以可以判断此处论述motivation与goal setting的关系，故答案为G。
（2）段首句。下文中的More?than that后面的how should you stay motivated to achieve the?goal?是一个特殊疑问句，所以可以判断此处的句式与后面的问句相似，都涉及到“motivate”，故答案为B。
（3）段中句。根据前一句your heart?is not?in?your work，这就会“影响你的工作”，后一句So, slow down?and?think…提出应对措施，故答案为A。
（4）段中句。根据前一句goals?are?flexible，选项E中的they与goals对应，change?according?to?circumstances与flexible（灵活的）对应；另外后一句中的also说明此处涉及目标的特点，故答案为E。
（5）段中句。前文提到“想当飞行员但是视力不好”，后一句说“你要重新评估你的目标，激励自己设定新的目标”，所以此处是承上启下的句子，故答案为C。
点评：这是一篇议论文，重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
12.答案： E；A；G；C；D
解析：这是一篇议论文，谈论在没有_?±????????????????_，新鲜空气对人体有好处，能加快病人的康复。
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. 新鲜的空气清洁我们的肺。
B. So what are you waiting for? 所以你在等待什么？
C. Being in nature refreshes us. 待在自然中可以让我们恢复精力。
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. 得到新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? 但是新鲜的空气真的正如你妈妈经常说的那样对你有好处吗？
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.? 同样重要的是，我们倾向于将空气与医疗保健联系起来。
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 全国各地的康复中心都开始建造康复花园。
（1）段中句，看前后。根据后一句the answer is a big YES可知此处是一般疑问句，故答案为E。
（2）段首句，看下文。根据后一句If the air you're breathing is clean-which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen可知干净的空气富含提神的氧气，这是在解释新鲜空气能清洁我们的肺的原因。故答案为A。
（3）段中句，看前后。根据前文的the connection between the natural world and healing和下文的these places…near nature during their recovery可知此处涉及康复中心这个关键词，故答案为G。
（4）段中句。前文中的tree branches与nature对应，后一句It gives us a great feeling of peace，指在自然中的好处，故答案为C。
（5）段首句，看下文。根据后一句中的the sun's rays可知本段涉及太阳光。故答案为D。
【点评】本题考查对文章的逻辑关系的把握，答题时紧扣上下文的关键词寻找关联信息。
13.答案： （1）Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
（2）By lining th_e_hall_ways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.
Or: By lining _the_ha_llways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined t_he_hal_lways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined _the_ha_llways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
（3）Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fon_dness._
（4）（Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work. 【出处：21教育名师】
Or: （Because）he _is_kin_d/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because_???he_is_ regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
（5）My father/mot_her._???_Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties. 21cnjy.com
Or: My teacher. _???Becau_se）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. _???Becau_se）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
解析： 本文是一篇记_????????????????·?_Mabry的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building. /Doing（the） cleaning. /He cleans the (school)building. /He does (the) cleaning.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him. /By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.?/ They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.?/ They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They're like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love /Liking?/Fondness.
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“...he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段中的“Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot.”可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋工作的人。因此答案为：(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.?/ (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.?/(Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working.?/ (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
（5）考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.??Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.? ?Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.
点评：本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测以及综合表达能力等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而做出正确答案。
14.答案： D；A；G；B；F
解析：本文是一篇说明_???????????????è?¨_情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.”在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户；以及空后“It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.”据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally.“这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延”符合语境。故选D。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.”使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图；以及空后“encouraging better and more frequent communication.”鼓励更好更频繁的交流，可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational.“使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈”符合语境。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. ”在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战。G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform与“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”一致，故选G。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?”谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？；以及空后介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. “即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好”符合语境，故选B。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome.”并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果，可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。F. Studies show that friendlier com