(共37张PPT)
第3轮 中考题型突破
题型一 完形填空
2018～2020年浙江地区中考完形填空考点分布统计
分析浙江近3年中考真题可知,
完形填空命题特点如下:
1.
除2020宁波中考完形填空设置20个小题外,
其余地市都是15空4选1形式。语篇体裁多为记叙文,
话题主要为有教育意义的故事,
包含情感故事、哲理故事、人物经历等。目的在于让学生领会其中的正能量和积极意义。
2.
考点主要考查名词、动词(短语)、形容词、副词、代词辨析等,
偶尔也考查介词、连词、数词辨析。不单纯考查语法知识,
所给四个选项在语法角度相同,
但正确答案只有一个,
考生只有读懂短文,
明确语境,
并熟知所给四个选项的具体含义,
才能做出正确判断。
1.
突破首句,
获取尽可能多的信息
重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的,
目的是给考生一个整体印象,
同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。
答题技巧指导
2.
通读全文,
把握文章的基本脉络
做完形填空题应着眼于语篇理解,
因为完形填空题中干扰项的设置极具迷惑性,
如果操之过急,
见空就填,
可能会“只见树木,
不见森林”。因此,
正确的做法是先快速浏览全文,
理清文章脉络,
掌握文章大意,
了解作者意图,
为下一步逐个解题寻找判断的依据。同时,
通读全文也解决了那些需要通过上下文或联系语篇语境的题目。
为了快速浏览全文,
掌握大意,
在阅读过程中要特别注意文章和段落的首尾句,
因为这些句子往往就是整个篇章或段落的主题思想。它还能让你很快了解文章的体裁、形式、涉及的内容及作者的意图。获得这些重要信息,
对接下来的做题至关重要。
3.
研读全文,
初步确定答案
掌握了文章的大意后,
就为进一步做题奠定了基础。这时应细读全文,
按照文章内容的前后顺序并结合备选答案,
边读边分析,
边推断正确选项。同时,
对试题的测试部分(即文中空格)要进行认真分析。一般的设空词有语用固定型和语境逻辑型两大类。语用固定型题目一般是较为常见的语法结构、词汇及习语等,
这部分试题可先行解决。在先行解决一部分试题后,
部分语句已经通畅,
也就有了更为完整的信息,
这有助于进一步了解语篇及作者意图。再通过对已知信息的分析、推理,
语境逻辑型试题也会迎刃而解。
当然,
在做题过程中也会出现一部分题目的四个选项填到空格中时,
每一个单独的语句都是符合语法规则的情况,
这时考生就应该利用已知信息,
挖掘深层含义,
联系上下文,
根据文章的主旨和语境要求,
把握词义的细微差别,
排除干扰项。
4.
复读全文,
全面验证答案
填完空格后,
重读全文,
这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解,
对文章的理解也更进了一步,
也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章,
就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题,
同时根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系,
反复推敲、比较异同,
从中选择一个最符合文章意义的答案。
【典例分析】
(2020·金华中考)
Sam
was
very
nervous.
It
was
his
first
day
in
a
new
16 ,
and
lunch
was
only
thirty
minutes
away.
For
most
students,
lunch
is
the
17
part
of
the
school
day.
It
is
time
when
you
talk
with
your
friends,
get
to
know
what
interesting
things
everyone
is
doing,
and,
of
course,
18 .
Sam,
however,
didn’t
know
anyone
or
anything,
like
where
to
sit
or
with
whom
to
sit
at
lunch.
?
Sam’s
19
was
in
the
army,
so
his
family
moved
a
lot.
He
had
really
liked
his
old
school
and
20
leaving
his
two
best
friends.
They
still
talked
to
each
other
through
phone
calls
and
emails,
21
he
couldn’t
see
them
every
day.
He
wondered
if
their
22
would
continue.
He
didn’t
want
to
lose
them,
but
he
knew
it
would
be
23
for
them
to
stay
close.
?
“I
know
this
is
hard
on
you,
”
his
mother
said
as
he
got
ready
for
school
this
morning,
“and
I’m
really
24
you
have
to
keep
changing
schools.
”
Sam
could
see
regret
in
her
eyes,
but
he
didn’t
want
her
to
feel
that
way.
25
had
always
been
ready
to
defend(保卫)
not
only
the
family
but
also
the
country.
Sam
loved
her
so
much.
He
gave
her
a
smile
and
told
her
not
to
26 .
He
had
wanted
to
mean
it,
but
there
was
still
always
worry
in
him
when
they
moved.
?
The
27
time
came
quickly.
As
Sam
was
walking
to
the
dining
room,
a
voice
behind
him
said,
“Excuse
me.
”
Sam
28
and
saw
five
friendly
faces.
?
“Would
you
like
to
join
us?
”
asked
one
of
them.
This
29
invitation
was
exactly
what
he
needed.
Sam
nodded
yes
30
and
joined
them.
He
was
sure
about
his
future
school
life
now.
?
( )16.
A.
company B.
family
C.
factory
D.
school
( )17.
A.
best
B.
longest
C.
shortest
D.
worst
( )18.
A.
eat
B.
learn
C.
run
D.
sleep
( )19.
A.
brother
B.
father
C.
mother
D.
sister
( )20.
A.
hated
B.
imagined
C.
tried
D.
suggested
( )21.
A.
so
B.
or
C.
but
D.
if
( )22.
A.
discussion
B.
dream
C.
business
D.
friendship
( )23.
A.
safe
B.
hard
C.
natural
D.
terrible
( )24.
A.
proud
B.
sorry
C.
excited
D.
surprised
( )25.
A.
He
B.
I
C.
She
D.
We
( )26.
A.
forget
B.
move
C.
return
D.
worry
( )27.
A.
breakfast
B.
lunch
C.
tea
D.
dinner
( )28.
A.
sat
down
B.
got
up
C.
ran
away
D.
turned
around
( )29.
A.
unexpected
B.
creative
C.
funny
D.
popular
( )30.
A.
bravely
B.
happily
C.
nervously
D.
patiently
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文,
讲述了萨姆在新学校的第一天,
虽然对新生活有担忧,
但是为了让母亲放心,
他还是勇敢地去面对,
最后他意外地在第一天就收获了他人的友善邀约。
16.
【解析】选D。考查名词。句意:
这是他在新学校的第一天。
company公司;
family家庭;
factory工厂;
school学校。根据下文For
most
students,
lunch
is
the
______part
of
the
school
day可知,
此处指的是萨姆在新学校的第一天,
D选项符合句意。?
17.
【解析】选A。考查形容词最高级。句意:
午餐是学校一天中最好的部分。best最好的;
longest最长的;
shortest最短的;
worst最糟糕的。根据下文It
is
time
when
you
talk
with
your
friends,
get
to
know
what
interesting
things
everyone
is
doing,
and,
of
course,
______可知,
此处指的是午餐是学校一天中最好的部分,
A选项符合句意。?
18.
【解析】选A。考查动词。句意:
午餐时可以和朋友聊天,
了解每个人都在做什么有趣的事情,
当然,
还有吃饭。eat吃;
learn学习;
run跑;
sleep睡。由语境及常识可知A选项符合句意。
19.
【解析】选C。考查名词。句意:
萨姆的母亲在部队服役。
brother哥哥;
father父亲;
mother母亲;
sister姐姐。根据下文______
had
always
been
ready
to
defend
not
only
the
family
but
also
the
country可知,
萨姆的母亲在部队服役,
C选项符合句意。?
20.
【解析】选A。考查动词。句意:
他很喜欢他以前的学校,
讨厌离开他的两个最好的朋友。
hated讨厌;
imagined想象;
tried尝试;
suggested建议。根据下文He
wondered
if
their
______would
continue.
He
didn’t
want
to
lose
them,
but
he
knew
it
would
be
______for
them
to
stay
close.
可知,
他很讨厌离开自己最好的朋友,
A选项符合句意。?
21.
【解析】选C。考查连词。句意:
他们仍然通过电话和电子邮件互相交谈,
但萨姆不能每天都见到他们。
so因此;
or或者;
but但是;
if是否。根据前后句句意可知,
空格处应填入表转折的连词,
C选项符合句意。
22.
【解析】选D。考查名词。句意:
他想知道他们的友谊能否继续下去。discussion讨论;
dream梦想;
business生意;
friendship友谊。根据下文He
didn’t
want
to
lose
them,
but
he
knew
it
would
be
______for
them
to
stay
close.
可知,
萨姆不想失去两个最好的朋友,
但他想知道他们能否继续保持亲密,
此处指的是他想知道他们的友谊能否继续下去,
D选项符合句意。?
23.
【解析】选B。考查形容词。句意:
他不想失去他们,
但他知道他们很难保持近距离。
safe安全的;
hard困难的;
natural自然的;
terrible可怕的。根据上文They
still
talked
to
each
other
through
phone
calls
and
emails,
but
he
couldn’t
see
them
every
day.
可知,
他们只能通过电话和电子邮件保持联系,
所以要维持亲密无间的友谊很难,
B选项符合句意。
24.
【解析】选B。考查形容词。句意:
我很抱歉你不得不频繁地换学校。proud骄傲的;
sorry歉疚的;
excited兴奋的;
surprised惊讶的。根据下文Sam
could
see
regret
in
her
eyes可知,
母亲感到很愧疚,
故此处指的是“我”很抱歉你不得不频繁地换学校,
B选项符合句意。
25.
【解析】选C。考查代词。句意:
她时刻准备着保家卫国。He他;
I我;
She她;
We我们。根据上文Sam’s
______was
in
the
army可知,
萨姆的母亲是军人,
故此处指的是她时刻准备着保家卫国,
C选项符合句意。?
26.
【解析】选D。考查动词。句意:
他给了她一个微笑,
告诉她不要担心。forget忘记;
move移动;
return返回;
worry担心。根据上文I
know
this
is
hard
on
you可知,
母亲对萨姆不停地换学校感到抱歉和担心,
故此处指的是他给了她一个微笑,
告诉她不要担心,
D选项符合句意。
27.
【解析】选B。考查名词。句意:
午餐时间很快就到了。breakfast早餐;
lunch午餐;
tea茶;
dinner晚餐。根据上文lunch
was
only
thirty
minutes
away可知,
此处指的是午餐时间很快就到了,
B选项符合句意。
28.
【解析】选D。考查动词短语。句意:
萨姆转过身,
看到五张友好的面孔。sat
down坐下;
got
up起床;
ran
away逃跑;
turned
around转身。根据上文a
voice
behind
him
said可知,
身后传来了声音,
于是萨姆转过了身,
D选项符合句意。
29.
【解析】选A。考查形容词。句意:
这一令人意外的邀请正是他所需要的。unexpected出乎意料的;
creative有创造力的;
funny好笑的;
popular受欢迎的。根据上文Sam,
however,
didn’t
know
anyone
or
anything,
like
where
to
sit
or
with
whom
to
sit
at
lunch.
可知,
今天是萨姆在新学校的第一天,
所以他不知道和谁一起吃午饭,
故此处指的是这一令人意外的邀请正是他所需要的,
A选项符合句意。
30.
【解析】选B。考查副词。句意:
萨姆高兴地点头同意,
加入了他们的行列。bravely勇敢地;
happily快乐地;
nervously紧张地;
patiently耐心地。根据上文This
______invitation
was
exactly
what
he
needed可知,
这一令人意外的邀请正是他所需要的,
所以他很愉快地接受了这一邀请,
B选项符合句意。?
【先悟后练】
(2020浙江省嘉兴市南湖区中考英语一模试卷)
Mary
Rodas’
parents
came
to
New
York
from
EI
Salvador.
They
lived
in
an
apartment
building.
A
man
named
Donald
Spector
lived
1
the
eighth
floor
of
the
same
building,
too.
He
2
a
toy
company.
When
Mary
was
four
years
old,
Donald
gave
her
a
new
toy.
She
played
with
the
toy
3 .
She
said,
“Oh,
this
is
fun!
”
A
few
weeks
later
Donald
gave
her
another
toy.
She
played
with
it
and
said,
“It
looks
beautiful
4
I
don’t
like
this
toy.
It
doesn’t
work.
”
She
was
a(n)
5
girl,
Donald
believed
in
her
and
soon
they
became
friends.
For
four
years
Donald
gave
Mary
many
toys,
and
she
gave
him
very
good
6
about
toys.
When
Mary
was
thirteen,
Donald
7
the
little
girl
a
new
ball.
The
ball
had
a
balloon
inside
it.
Mary
wanted
to
8
the
balloon
with
water.
She
wanted
to
painted
the
ball
crazy
9 .
She
wanted
to
put
rice
or
beans
in
it
also
to
make
it
10 .
The
company
made
these
changes
and
11
thousands
of
the
balls.
?
?
That
Christmas
Donald
gave
Mary
an
incredible
(难以置信的)
12 .
He
made
her
a
vice
president
of
the
toy
company.
Her
13
was
to
see
if
the
new
toys
were
fun.
She
worked
with
new
products
and
looked
through
many
kinds
of
magazines
and
books.
She
had
a
big
salary
and
14
$200,
000
a
year.
In
high
school
she
took
a
red
car
15
her
school
to
her
office
in
New
York
City.
She
had
to
work
for
30
16
a
week.
She
also
spent
time
with
her
family.
Her
17
taught
her
that
working
hard
and
doing
18
best
is
very
important.
?
Today
Mary
works
in
a
19 .
She
helps
students
make
decisions
about
their
careers.
Today
the
little
executive
with
bright
ideas
helps
students
20
their
future.
So
Mary
felt
busy
but
very
happy.
?
(
)1.
A.
in
B.
on
C.
behind
D.
under
(
)2.
A.
built
B.
found
C.
owned
D.
provided
(
)3.
A.
slowly
B.
excitedly
C.
silently
D.
friendly
(
)4.
A.
so
B.
or
C.
and
D.
but
(
)5.
A.
kind
B.
brave
C.
lively
D.
honest
B
C
B
D
D
(
)6.
A.
ideas
B.
plans
C.
designs
D.
inventions
(
)7.
A.
showed
B.
returned
C.
bought
D.
described
(
)8.
A.
cut
B.
join
C.
cover
D.
fill
(
)9.
A.
colors
B.
names
C.
numbers
D.
shapes
(
)10.
A.
soft
B.
long
C.
noisy
D.
sweet
A
A
D
A
C
(
)11.
A.
lent
B.
sold
C.
kept
D.
saved
(
)12.
A.
reply
B.
choice
C.
surprise
D.
suggestion
(
)13.
A.
job
B.
dream
C.
hobby
D.
promise
(
)14.
A.
made
B.
needed
C.
borrowed
D.
prepared
(
)15.
A.
from
B.
over
C.
along
D.
around
B
C
A
A
A
(
)16.
A.
days
B.
hours
C.
minutes
D.
seconds
(
)17.
A.
students
B.
friends
C.
parents
D.
children
(
)18.
A.
my
B.
his
C.
her
D.
their
(
)19.
A.
museum
B.
hospital
C.
factory
D.
college
(
)20.
A.
talk
with
B.
think
about
C.
depend
on
D.
wait
for
B
C
C
D
B(共28张PPT)
题型四 任务型阅读
2018～2020年浙江各地市任务型阅读考试统计
分析近三年浙江省各地市中考试题可知,
浙江多个地市中考题中的任务型阅读主要以信息匹配题为主;
个别地市以信息填空题或是选择段落小标题的形式设置任务型阅读。信息匹配题通常是给出两部分有关联的信息,
然后要求同学们在这两部分信息中找出彼此相匹配的5对,
这类试题主要考查同学们通过快速阅读获取信息和处理信息的能力;
信息填空题设题方式主要是根据阅读材料,
填入所缺的词,
完成材料后的表格信息或句子,
主要考查学生对文本信息的提炼、整合能力;
选择段落小标题主要设题方式是阅读材料内容,
然后从方框中所给的选项中选出符合各段信息的标题,
这类题主要考查学生主旨大意的概括能力。这几种任务型阅读旨在考查学生的英语实用技能,
有利于全面提高学生的综合英语素质。任务型阅读题主要具有以下三个特点:
1.
以应用和说明文体为主,
题材广泛。
该题型所涉及文章体裁大都属于应用文和说明文,
如广告、简历、图书资料、社交书信和产品说明书等;
题材广泛,
从学习、旅游、保健、购物、交通、文化娱乐到人才招聘、餐饮、住房、网络交流等,
可以说涉及生活的方方面面。
2.
设题灵活多样。
在具体设题形式上灵活多样,
例如信息匹配题,
通常在给出几小段简短的文字之后,
同时给出相应的选项,
要求同学们选出与所给文字内容相匹配的选项;
这些选项在设置上也是灵活多样,
可以是中心短语,
可以是高度概括的一小段话或一个句子,
还可以是图片、表格、谚语、名言等。
3.
每段文字短小精悍。
此类试题所给出的每段文字篇幅短小、情节简单。这样有利于同学们抓住要点,
进行信息配对或段落大意概括。
1.
回答问题的任务型阅读理解题的答题技巧
这类题型要求我们根据短文、表格、图片或图文结合的材料回答命题者设定的问题。其答题技巧为:
(1)仔细阅读短文后所提出的问题,
带着问题通读全文,
把握文章主旨,
找出与问题有关的句子、句子的关键词和短语等。
答题技巧指导
(2)在此基础上再结合上下文进行分析判断、逻辑推理、归纳提炼,
得出所需要的内容。
(3)表达句子时内容要简洁明了、语法正确、语句通顺、书写规范,
通常用一个完整的句子作答,
有时根据具体情境也可用其简略形式作答。
2.
完成表格的任务型阅读理解题的答题技巧
此类题型要求对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括之后,
准确、有序地完成表格的空缺。有的在文章中可直接找到答案,
一般为原词;
有的要对文章中的原句进行加工,
根据句型结构变化和语法要求提炼出新词;
还有的需要概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章目的、结论等,
要求较高。此类题的答题技巧为:
(1)看清题目及要求,
做到有的放矢、心中有数。
(2)注意表格前的小标题,
它通常是段落和表格的主题句,
有助于理解文章。
(3)理解表格设计,
表格一般包括列标题和行标题,
通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容,
可迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理。同时也可缩小信息范围,
确定考查内容。
(4)根据已填的内容来推断所填词的形式是单词还是词组。
(5)填写答案时注意工整对称性,
要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致。比如:
是-ing都用-ing,
是名词都用名词。同时要注意时态、语态、句式等,
避免出现错误。
(6)全部填完后,
把文章看一遍,
检查所填之词是否符合文章内容,
拼写是否正确。
3.
排序成文的任务型阅读理解题的答题技巧
这种题型通常有两种考查形式:
一是给出几段杂乱无序的阅读材料,
要求按顺序重新排列成一篇语意通顺、结构完整的材料;
另一种是从一篇完整的文章中抽出几个句子,
要求考生把它们重新放入文中,
使文章恢复原貌。做这类题时,
我们要从文章的整体出发,
借助某些关键词或短语,
在正确把握文章主旨的基础上根据上下文的关系来判断,
因此把握好句子之间的逻辑关系是做好此题型的关键所在。
4.
“一一对应”关系的任务型阅读理解题的答题技巧
(1)快读以了解短文大意,
明确题目要求。考生通过快速浏览文章首句、尾句和关键词语,
来了解文段的大意并明确试题的具体要求,
了解广告或海报的话题或主题,
保证答题时不会出现离题现象,
否则一错就很可能会错两到三题,
严重影响答题的效果。
(2)寻读时要依照题项信息,
寻找匹配信息。考生首先要读懂题项,
抓住关键信息,
然后再带着所获得的关键信息,
有针对性地寻找所需要的相关匹配信息,
对号入座,
而不必句句都读。
(3)考生还得注意:
每读一段话,
做一道题,
每确定一题的答案后,
将该选项从列表中划去,
以免在之后的选择中干扰视线,
同时也将相应的段落划去,
减少之后的阅读段落。
【典例分析】
(2020·舟山/嘉兴中考)
下面是英国植物园
Batsford
Arboretum的宣传页。阅读该页内容,
然后从方框中所给的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中选出符合各段信息的标题,
并完成文中小题。
A
world
of
trees,
and
so
much
more!
Built
in
the
late
1800s,
Batsford
Arboretum
is
among
the
largest
wild
gardens
in
England,
home
to
a
collection
of
some
of
the
world’s
most
beautiful
trees,
bamboos,
and
shrubs.
It’s
perfect
for
a
peaceful
walk
beside
the
small
rivers
and
pools.
66 ?
·Early
daffodils(水仙花)and
a
cherry
collection
in
spring.
·The
Handkerchief
Tree
and
wildflower
areas
in
summer.
·To
smell
the
flowers
of
reds,
yellows
and
golds
in
autumn.
·Ice
and
snow
turn
the
Arboretum
into
a
magical
wonderland.
67 ?
·Batsford
Arboretum
is
just
one
mile
west
of
Moreton-in-Marsh
on
the
A44.
There
are
road
signs
all
the
way.
·The
1
and
2
Johnsons
Excel-bus
from
Stratford-upon-Avon
drops
passengers
at
the
end
of
our
mile-long
drive.
Visitor
Information
68 ?
·We
are
open
every
day
except
Christmas
Day.
In
bad
weather
we
may
close
the
Arboretum,
so
please
call
us
on
01386701441
before
setting
out.
Pets
·Dogs
are
welcome
throughout
the
Visitor
Centre
and
the
Arboretum
but
must
be
closely
watched
all
times.
69 ?
·Parking
for
cars
and
coaches
is
free.
You’ll
find
picnic
areas
near
to
the
lower
car
parks.
Sorry
no
picnics
in
the
Arboretum.
70 ?
·Sign
up
to
receive
our
regular
email
newsletters
if
you
love
Batsford;
·Check
for
the
latest
admission
charges(门票价格)before
you
come.
Website:
www
batsarb.
co.
uk
Email:
arboreum@batsfordoundation.
co.
k
A.
Opening
times
B.
How
to
find
us
C.
Parking
and
picnics
D.
Keep
in
touch
E.
A
garden
for
all
seasons
【主旨大意】本文是英国植物园
Batsford
Arboretum的宣传单。
66.
【解析】选E。根据本标题下内容可知,
该部分主要介绍了植物园四季的不同景色,
结合选项,
故选E。
67.
【解析】选B。根据本标题下内容可知,
该部分主要介绍了植物园的地点以及怎么来到植物园,
故选B。
68.
【解析】选A。根据本标题下内容可知,
该部分主要介绍了植物园的营业时间,
结合选项,
故选A。
69.
【解析】选C。根据本标题下内容可知,
该部分主要介绍了植物园停车和野餐问题,
结合选项,
故选C。
70.
【解析】选D。根据本标题下内容可知,
该部分主要介绍了植物园的联系方式,
结合选项,
故选D。
【先悟后练】
(2020·浙江省宁波市中考仿真模拟英语试题)
下面文章中有四处(第56～59题)需要添加首句。请从选项(A、B、C、D)中选出符合各段意思的首句,
并完成第60题。
We
read
about
disasters
every
day
somewhere
in
the
world.
We
may
read
about
hurricanes,
earthquakes
and
floods.
But
there
is
another
kind
of
disaster
that
occurs
only
in
areas
of
the
world
where
it
can
get
very
cold.
It
damages
trees,
homes
and
power
lines
and
can
be
deadly.
It
is
an
ice
storm.
56.
B
But
it
is
not
a
snowstorm
or
a
rainstorm.
Ice
storms
occur
when
there
are
three
layers
of
air
in
the
atmosphere.
First,
there’s
a
top
layer
that
is
very
cold.
Here
it
starts
to
snow.
Then
the
snow
hits
a
layer
of
warmer
air
where
it
melts
and
turns
into
rain.
Finally,
there’s
a
third
layer
of
very
cold
air
near
the
ground.
Because
of
this
layer
of
cold
air,
the
rain
instantly
turns
to
ice
when
it
hits
the
ground.
?
57.
D
This
may
not
sound
like
much,
but
ice
is
very
heavy.
This
amount
of
ice
on
an
electric
power
line
or
a
tree
branch
can
add
15
to
30
kilograms
of
weight
to
every
meter.
Under
this
weight,
power
lines
break,
and
tree
branches
snap.
They
may
fall
on
homes
and
cars,
damaging
them.
The
ice
can
also
kill
many
plants.
Roads
and
sidewalks
are
covered
in
thick
layers
of
ice,
and
this
causes
a
lot
of
accidents.
?
58.
A
The
storm
lasted
for
five
days
and
caused
25
deaths.
It
left
more
than
one
million
people
without
electricity
in
the
coldest
month
of
the
year.
It
brought
down
millions
of
trees
and
120,
000
kilometers
of
power
lines.
?
59.
C
There
is
nothing
quite
like
waking
up
in
the
morning
after
an
ice
storm.
The
sun
is
shining
brightly
and
the
world
looks
like
it
is
made
of
glass.
?
A.
One
of
the
worst
ice
storms
happened
in
1998.
B.
An
ice
storm
is
a
kind
of
winter
storm.
C.
Ice
storms
can
also
be
beautiful.
D.
An
ice
storm
covers
everything
with
more
than
half
a
centimeter
of
ice.
(
)60.
How
many
disasters
are
mentioned
in
the
article?
A.
6.
B.
3.
C.
4.
D.
7.
A(共33张PPT)
题型三 词汇运用
?类型一 方框选词
2018～2020年浙江各地市方框选词考点分布统计
?类型二 根据汉语写单词
2018～2020年浙江各地市根据汉语写单词考点分布统计
分析近三年浙江各地的中考试题,
我们可以看出,
中考英语词汇运用题的考点主要分布在动词(时态、语态、人称、非谓语动词)、名词、形容词、副词,
而代词、数词、介词、连词出现相对较少。具体有以下几个考查重点:
1.
动词的各种形式的变化,
包括动词的时态、语态、人称的单复数、非谓语动词等。
2.
可数名词的单数和复数变化、不可数名词、人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、基数词和序数词、形容词和副词的原级以及比较级或最高级、形容词和副词之间的相互转换等。
3.
短语,
特别是动词短语的运用,
也成为考查的重点。所以,
英语中各种类型的短语也是我们需要重点记忆和掌握的内容之一。
1.
单词的填空和拼写不只是简单意义上的写单词,
而应注意把它放入句子中加以理解、转化和运用,
根据句子的需要填入其适当的形式。
2.
记单词要注意把单词的音、形、义相结合。不仅仅是词形,
还要注意它的固定搭配和特殊用法,
这样就能准确地记住并熟练地运用它。
3.
单词的拼写也是有规律可循的。记单词要有方法,
不能机械地去记忆,
首先要读准单词,
根据单词的读音规则去记。如:
开闭音节、字母组合发音的规则,
这是记准单词的重要方法之一。
答题技巧指导
4.
英语和汉语一样都有一词多义的现象,
记单词时一定要记清词义,
记准词形,
还要注意与汉语意思的差别。
如:
How
long
do
you
______
reading
English
every
day?
你每天花
多少时间读英
语?
spend
一、词汇运用题中词的变化形式。
1.
名词的形式有单数、复数、单数所有格和复数所有格。
如:
some
watches一些手表
my
mother’s
book我妈妈的书
Teachers’
Day教师节
2.
动词的形式有原形、不定式、现在分词、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词。
如:
Let’s
go
home.
让我们回家吧。
He
is
sleeping
now.
他正在睡觉。
He
enjoys
watching
TV.
他喜欢看电视。
He
finished
his
homework
and
went
home.
他完成作业回家了。
Have
you
heard
from
him?
你收到他的来信了吗?
English
is
spoken
all
over
the
world.
全世界(的人们)都在说英语。
3.
形容词和副词有三种形式:
原形、比较级形式和最高级形式,
还要注意形容词和副词之间的转化。
如:
She
was
even
angrier.
她甚至更生气了。
He
said
angrily,
“Don’t
do
it
again.
”
他生气地说:
“不要再这样做了。”
4.
数词基本的形式有基数词和序数词,
还要注意once,
twice的用法。
如:
Tom
is
the
second
tallest
boy
in
my
class.
汤姆在我班上的男孩子中个子是第二高的。
He
has
two
brothers.
他有两个兄弟。
He
has
been
there
twice.
他曾去过那儿两次。
5.
代词有五种形式,
即人称代词主格、人称代词宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词。
如:
I’m
in
trouble.
Please
help
me.
我有麻烦,
请帮帮我。
This
is
not
my
book.
Mine
is
over
there.
这不是我的书。我的在那边。
I
bought
a
skirt
for
myself.
我给自己买了条裙子。
二、注意单词的大小写形式。(要记住单词位于句首时,
首字母要大写)
【典例分析】
(2020·金华中考)
A)用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,
每词限用一次。
attend beside season sudden take
pride
in
31.
Among
the
four
__________of
year,
I
like
winter
best.
?
32.
Usually,
parents
__________the
smallest
success
of
their
children.
?
33.
We
__________realized
that
everything
seemed
to
have
changed
in
one
night.
?
34.
Sally
is
my
best
friend.
She
always
sits
__________me
silently
when
I
am
sad.
?
35.
Everyone
likes
to
__________Mr
Smith’s
classes.
They
are
always
interesting
and
lively.
?
31.
【解析】seasons。句意:
在一年的四个季节中,
我最喜欢冬天。根据“I
like
winter
best.
”并结合所给词可知,
此处应选择season,
又因为其前有four修饰,
所以用其名词复数形式。故填seasons。
32.
【解析】take
pride
in。句意:
通常,
父母会为他们的孩子取得的最小的成功而感到骄傲。分析句子并结合所给词可知,
选择take
pride
in,
翻译为“对……感到骄傲”;
又因为本句时态是一般现在时,
主语parents表复数,
所以用其动词原形即可。故填take
pride
in。
33.
【解析】suddenly。句意:
我们突然意识到一切似乎在一夜之间都变了。分析句子可知,
此处表示“突然”的含义,
结合所给词,
选择sudden;
又因为此处用于句中修饰动词realized,
所以用其副词形式。故填suddenly。
34.
【解析】beside。句意:
萨莉是我最好的朋友。当我伤心时,
她总是静静地坐在我旁边。分析句子可知,
此处表示方位,
结合所给词,
选择beside;
此处构成sit
beside短语,
翻译为“坐在……旁边”。故填beside。
35.
【解析】attend。句意:
每个人都喜欢上史密斯老师的课。他的课总是有趣又生动。分析句子可知,
此处表示“上课”的含义,
构成attend
one’s
class(es)短语,
结合所给词,
选择attend;
又因为此处用于“like
to
do
sth.
”结构中,
所以用其动词原形即可。故填attend。
B)阅读下面短文,
然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
(2020·金华中考)
Singapore
is
a
city
of
different
cultures.
Walking
through
the
streets
of
Singapore,
you
can
36
(听到)different
languages
spoken,
such
as
English,
Chinese
and
Malay.
People
from
different
cultures
live
and
work
peacefully
with
each
other
and
37
(分享)their
traditions.
?
In
Singapore,
cultural
differences
are
shown
in
building
styles,
shops
and
in
many
other
ways.
Take
food
as
an
38
(例子),
each
culture
has
its
own
place
to
sell
their
traditional
food,
but
there
are
also
the
39
(著名的)
Hawkers
Markets.
Different
foods
are
sold
here
in
these
40
(繁忙的)
markets.
And
these
are
very
popular
with
Singapore
citizens
and
41
(游客)from
around
the
world.
The
food
is
good
and
very
42
(便宜).
?
Singapore
is
also
an
interesting
city.
Large
numbers
of
people,
ideas,
etc,
are
mixed
together
43
(在……下面)
the
same
sky.
English
is
used
for
business,
44
(虽然)the
official
language
here
is
Malay.
Now,
however,
there
is
a
strong
Chinese
business
community
and
also
a
growing
Indian
business
community.
Singapore
welcomes
talented
people
from
around
the
world
and
45
(希望)they
will
live
there
all
their
lives.
?
【主旨大意】本文主要向我们介绍了新加坡,
来自不同文化的人们和平地生活和工作,
分享他们的传统。
36.
【解析】hear。句意:
穿过新加坡的街道,
你可以听到不同的语言,
如英语,
汉语和马来语。“听到”可用hear表示,
动词;
分析句子可知,
此处用于情态动词can之后,
所以使用动词原形即可。故填hear。
37.
【解析】share。句意:
来自不同文化的人们和平地生活和工作,
并分享他们的传统。“分享”可用share表示,
动词;
分析句子可知,
此处与其前的live
and
work构成并列结构,
所以使用动词原形即可。故填share。
38.
【解析】example。句意:
以食物为例,
每个文化都有自己的地方出售他们的传统食物。“例子”可用example表示,
名词;
分析句子可知,
此前有an修饰,
所以使用名词原形即可。故填example。
39.
【解析】famous/well-known。句意:
但是也有著名的小贩市场。“著名的”可用famous/well-known表示,
形容词;
分析句子可知,
此处用于句中作定语修饰其后的名词Hawkers
Markets,
所以使用形容词形式即可。故填famous/well-known。
40.
【解析】busy。句意:
在这些繁忙的市场上有各种各样的食品出售。“繁忙的”可用busy表示,
形容词;
分析句子可知,
此处用于句中作定语修饰其后的名词markets,
所以使用形容词形式即可。故填busy。
41.
【解析】visitors/tourists。句意:
并且这些(食品)很受新加坡公民和世界各地游客的欢迎。“游客”可用visitor/tourist表示,
名词;
分析句子可知,
此处用于句中作宾语与其前的citizens构成并列结构,
所以使用名词复数形式。故填visitors/tourists。
42.
【解析】cheap。句意:
食物很好,
很便宜。“便宜”可用cheap表示,
形容词;
分析句子可知,
此处用于句中作表语,
所以使用形容词形式即可。故填cheap。
43.
【解析】under。句意:
大量的人、思想等,
混合在一起,
在同一片天空下。“在……下面”可用under表示,
介词;
分析句子可知,
此处用于句中表示方位。故填under。
44.
【解析】though/although。句意:
英语用于商务,
虽然这里的官方语言是马来语。“虽然”可用though/although表示,
连词;
分析句子可知,
此处用于句中引导让步状语从句。故填though/although。
45.
【解析】hopes。句意:
新加坡欢迎来自世界各地的优秀人才,
并希望他们在新加坡生活一辈子。“希望”可用hope表示,
动词;
分析句子可知,
本句时态是一般现在时,
主语是Singapore表单数,
此处与其前的welcomes构成并列结构,
所以用其动词第三人称单数形式。故填hopes。
【先悟后练】
(2020浙江省嘉兴市南湖区中考英语一模试卷)
A)用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
main guess necessary between twenty
1.
I
can
only
_____
at
what
caused
the
accident.
2.
You
shouldn’t
eat
anything
_______
meals.
guess
between
3.
The
young
people
will
have
a
party
for
Anna’s
________
birthday.
4.
The
doctor
says
it
may
be
_________
for
Ann
to
have
an
operation.
5.
We
don’t
go
out
much,
______
because
we
have
to
look
after
the
kids.
twentieth
necessary
mainly
B)根据短文内容和所给中文提示,
在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
“The
more,
the
merrier.
”You
may
have
heard
the
old
saying.
It’s
usually
6.
____
(真实的)
,
but
not
for
travel.
When
it
comes
to
travel,
I
say,
“The
more,
the
messier.
”
true
I
first
made
the
plan
about
the
travel
a
few
years
ago.
I
bought
the
7.
________
(最便宜的)
airline
ticket
I
could
find:
the
Philippines.
It
turned
out
great!
Once,
I
went
on
a
long
hike
and
8.
______
(错过)
the
last
bus
back
to
town.
No
problem!
Because
I
was
traveling
alone,
I
was
able
to
ride
with
some
Swiss
tourists
who
only
had
one
9.
______
(空的)
seat
in
their
car.
Traveling
alone,
I
was
never
really
alone
at
all.
It
was
easier
to
meet
people.
I
10.
_____________
(交际)
with
everyone
I
met.
cheapest
missed
empty
communicated
I
can
really
understand
why
people
like
to
travel
alone.
It’s
easier
to
plan.
Just
pack
your
bag
and
go
11.
_______
(直接地)
to
your
dream
place.
If
you
go
with
other
people,
you’ll
have
to
think
about
your
time
and
12.
______
(钱).
Besides
freedom,
for
some
people,
solo
travel
is
a
journey
for
the
mind
and
soul
(灵魂).
They
believe
solo
travel
helps
them
13.
_____
(避免)
different
kinds
of
problems
of
daily
life
and
14.
_____
(社会的)
activities.
“I
need
peace.
I
need
quiet,
”
said
Suzanne
Joinson
in
the
Telegraph.
straight
money
avoid
social
“And
most
of
all,
I
really,
really
need
to
be
alone.
”
US
15.
______
(作家)
Henry
Rollins
once
said:
“Loneliness
adds
beauty
to
life.
It
puts
a
special
burn
on
sunsets
and
makes
night
air
smell
better.
”
writer(共26张PPT)
题型五 语法填空
2018～2020年浙江各地市语法填空考点统计分布
(一)用所给词的正确形式填空
(二)根据句意补全空缺单词
纵观近三年浙江中考真题可知,
语法填空有以下特点:
1.
设空原则
(1)命题者对语言材料进行分散式挖空,
共设10个空,
考查项目尽量广泛,
每一个空可能考查一个不同的语法项目,
10个空有可能涉及10个语法考点。尽管一些语法项目非常重要,
如动词时态、非谓语动词、连接词等,
但是也尽量不重复考查。
(2)语法填空题的设空分为自由填空类和提示类,
提示类是在空的后面给出提示词。提示类给的提示词大多是谓语动词、非谓语动词、派生词等。自由填空类要求同学们根据上下文意思填入恰当的具有一定语法功能的词,
一般是填冠词、连词、介词、代词等。提示类填空不限一个词,
但是不得多于三个单词。一般是一个,
至多两个,
填三个词的可能性极小。
2.
语法考点
(1)给出动词的基本形态,
填写词性词形转换(转换为名词、形容词),
或填写谓语部分(可能需要填写两个或三个词),
或是填写非谓语动词。
(2)给出形容词,
填写比较级、最高级,
或填写词性词形转换(转换为副词、名词),
或者填写反义词(前缀)。
(3)给出副词,
填写比较级、最高级,
或是填写反义词。
(4)给出名词,
填写词性词形转换。
(5)给出基数词,
填写序数词。
(6)不给提示词,
主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词等。
3.
答案特点
(1)纯空格题:
试题要求中已明文规定“在空白处填入一个适当的词”,
即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。
(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空题:
试题中要求的是所给词的“正确形式”,
不可以出现所给词以外的其他词。究竟由几个单词组成,
没有规定,
所以考查不定式和被动语态时可以填写两至三个词。
(3)要求填的词(即答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。
(4)所填词位于句首,
注意此时第一个字母要大写。
1.
快速浏览,
了解大意。对于简单有把握的空,
可以先填出来。
2.
上下查看,
填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系,
填出正确的词。
3.
通读全文,
检查确认。特别要注意,
根据文章意思,
有些空是否要加相应的否定前缀(un-,
im-,
in-,
dis-,
ir-等)。
答题技巧指导
解题思路:
1.
有提示词
这类题和咱们以前用所给词的正确形式填空做题方法基本一致,
首先需要我们根据上下文分析句子成分,
确定空格处所需要的词性,
或根据前后文确定词性。
(1)如果要填入动词,
我们需要判断到底是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
如果缺谓语动词,
就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。
若句中已有谓语动词,
又不是并列谓语时,
那么我们应该填入非谓语动词,
这时我们需要确定到底是to
do,
doing还是done的形式。
(2)如果需要填入名词,
我们则需要判断是否有单复数或所有格的变化。
(3)如果需要填入形容词、副词,
首先我们要确定到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词、代词;
副词一般用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。其次,
我们还要考虑是否需要使用比较级或最高级。
2.
无提示词
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等。
(1)名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
(2)缺主语或宾语,
一般填代词。
(3)并列的两个或多个单词、短语、句子之间设空,
一般填入并列连词and,
but,
or等。
(4)两句之间,
如果不是并列句,
则很可能是主从复合句,
因此需要填入从句引导词(what,
which,
who,
how,
when等),
比如宾语从句、定语从句或者是状语从句的引导词。这种题需要同学们根据句子结构,
分析到底是什么从句,
从而选择合适的词。
【典例分析】
(2020·宁波中考)
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入一个适当的词,
或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Last
summer
I
got
the
chance
to
spend
a
month
helping
out
in
a
hospital
in
Africa.
I
had
one
year
left
at
school,
and
I
was
61.
__________
(interest)
in
studying
medicine
at
university.
?
It
was
a
month
that
changed
my
life.
I
62.
__________
(introduce)
to
a
world
that
is
very
different
to
mine
in
so
many
ways.
I
was
shocked
at
how
poor
so
many
63.
__________
(family)
over
there
are
and
how
difficult
their
lives
can
be.
But
I
was
also
surprised
at
how
positively
people
spend
64.
__________
(they)
daily
lives.
?
The
way
they
come
together
and
help
each
other
is
a
real
inspiration,
and
something
I
think
a
lot
of
us
here
in
the
UK
have
forgotten.
I
think
many
of
us
don’t
realize
65.
__________
lucky
we
are.
My
work
in
the
hospital
was
hard.
Not
only
did
I
spend
a
lot
of
time
cleaning
floors,
but
66.
__________
I
got
to
spend
some
time
looking
after
the
patients.
And
I
got
the
chance
67.
__________
(talk)
to
some
doctors
and
ask
them
about
the
job.
I
saw
some
truly
awful
things
in
the
hospital,
68.
__________
none
of
them
changed
my
mind
about
being
a
doctor.
69.
__________
fact,
they
only
made
me
more
determined
to
do
medicine!
?
When
I
finish,
I
know
70.
__________
I’m
going
to
do:
I
want
to
work
for
an
international
organization
like
the
Red
Cross.
I
can’t
wait
to
get
started.
?
【主旨大意】本文讲述了作者在非洲一家医院工作一个月后的心得和感受,
并且更加坚定了自己的职业目标的故事。
61.
【解析】interested。句意:
我对在大学学习医学很感兴趣。考查形容词。be
interested
in意为“对……感兴趣”,
根据句意,
填interested。
62.
【解析】was
introduced。句意:
我被介绍到了一个与我的世界在很多方面都非常不同的世界。考查动词。根据句意可知主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,
又因为本文讲述的是过去的事情,
所以该句应用一般过去时的被动语态,
其结构为was/were+动词的过去分词,
故填was
introduced。
63.
【解析】families。句意:
我感到震惊的是,
那里有那么多的家庭如此贫困,
他们的生活有多么艰难。考查名词。so
many意为“如此多的”,
后面跟可数名词复数形式,
family复数形式为families,
故填families。
64.
【解析】their。句意:
但我也惊讶于人们如何积极地度过他们的日常生活。考查形容词性物主代词。此处要修饰名词lives,
所以应用they的形容词性物主代词their,
故填their。
65.
【解析】how。句意:
我想我们很多人都没有意识到我们有多幸运。考查感叹句。根据句意“我们有多幸运”可知是个感叹句,
又根据感叹句结构“What(+a/an)+形容词+名词”或“How
+adj.
/adv.
+主语+谓语”,
可知应用how引导感叹句,
故填how。
66.
【解析】also。句意:
我不仅花了很多时间打扫地板,
还花了一些时间照顾病人。考查副词。not
only.
.
.
but
also.
.
.
意为“不仅……而且……”,
根据句意,
填also。
67.
【解析】to
talk。句意:
我有机会和一些医生交谈,
询问他们有关工作的情况。考查动词。get
the
chance
to
do
sth.
意为“得到做某事的机会”,
根据句意,
填to
talk。
68.
【解析】but。句意:
我在医院里看到了一些非常可怕的事情,
但它们都没有改变我要做医生的想法。考查并列连词。根据句意可知前后两句是转折关系,
故填but。
69.
【解析】In。句意:
事实上,
它们只会让我更加坚定地去做医学!
考查介词。in
fact为固定搭配,
意为“事实上”,
句首首字母要大写,
故填In。
70.
【解析】what。句意:
当我完成后,
我知道我要做什么:
我想为红十字会这样的国际组织工作。考查宾语从句引导词。根据句意指“我知道我要做什么”,
可知用what引导宾语从句,
故填what。
【先悟后练】
(2020·浙江省杭州市初中毕业生学业考试仿真考试英语试题)
阅读下面材料,
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dreams
travel
around,
having
fun.
Dreams
sail
across
the
sea
of
peace,
blown
by
51.
_______
(music)breath.
They
drift
to
shores
of
destiny
but
52.
_____
(they)anchor
doesn’t
drop.
music’s
their
A
few
leap
out
into
the
forest
to
53.
_______
(explore)the
woods
of
love.
A
few
roll
on
the
rocks
of
the
mountain
54.
__________
(beautiful)to
cheer
the
butterflies
up.
While
others
submerge
into
the
deep,
to
live
55.
____
the
mermaids(美人鱼).
Some
float
up
to
the
sky,
and
twinkle
with
the
56.
_____
(star).
Some
land
by
the
bay,
giving
57.
_____
(that)boats
warm
hugs
after
going
through
a
storm.
explore
beautifully
with
stars
those
The
few
that
haven’t
58.
_______
(jump)out,
paint
the
sky
of
morning.
“Good
morning,
little
one.
Wake
59.
___.
”
Dreams
dissolve
at
the
morning’s
call,
60.
___
still,
they
haunt
your
mind.
“Where
did
you
go?
”
“Where
did
you
go?
”
jumped
up
but(共39张PPT)
题型二 阅读理解
2020年浙江各地市阅读理解考情统计
分析2020年浙江各地市中考真题可知,
阅读理解命题特点如下:
1.
试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化,
涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、科学技术、天文地理、日常生活等各个方面。这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都要有所积累,
做个有心人;
体裁多样化,
包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、诗歌等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。
2.
主要考查内容为:
(1)理解文章主旨(主要内容、话题、中心思想);
(2)理解文章中具体信息(细节);
(3)依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断;
(4)根据篇章推测生词的含义或指示代词的指意;
(5)了解文章基本结构;
(6)理解作者的意图和态度。
1.
猜词析义题
此类试题测试考生根据上下文理解推测并判断该词或句子在文章中的确切含义的能力。
猜词析义题的解题技巧:
(1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。
答题技巧指导
(2)根据定义、解释来猜测。
如:
A
________
is
a
timetable
of
the
days,
weeks,
months
of
a
certain
year.
从所下的定义a
timetable
of
the
days,
weeks,
months
of
a
certain
year中可以
猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。
calendar
(3)根据构词法中的派生、合成、转化来猜测。
如:
When
a
wise
person
_______
his
wisdom,
he
will
do
a
great
harm
to
society.
我们都知道use的意思是“使用”,
mis-是否定前缀,
所以可猜出该词的意思为“误
用”。
(4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。
如:
Unlike
his
brother,
who
is
a
handsome
man,
John
is
quite
_______.
从Unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反,
他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome来形
容的,
由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。
misuses
homely
(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。
如:
Alexander
Graham
Bell
was
born
in
1847
in
Edinburgh,
Scotland.
His
father
is
an
expert
in
_________,
the
study
of
the
sounds
of
language.
由phonetics的同位语从句the
study
of
the
sounds
of
language可猜出该词的意思
为“语音学”。
phonetics
(6)根据因果关系来猜测。
如:
She
felt
_______
,
for
her
parents
both
died
weeks
ago.
由该词后的原因状语从句for
her
parents
both
died
weeks
ago可猜出该词的意
思为“悲痛的”。
grieved
(7)根据上下文线索猜测。
如:
The
lack
of
movement
caused
the
muscles(肌肉)
to
weaken.
Sometimes
the
weakness
was
__________.
So
the
player
could
never
play
the
sport
again.
由上文The
lack
of
movement
caused
the
muscles
to
weaken可知,
运动的缺乏导
致肌肉萎缩,
以及下文So
the
player
could
never
play
the
sport
again知道,
这位
运动员再也无法做运动了,
因此可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的,
永恒的”。
permanent
(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。
如:
In
old
days,
when
girls
from
rich
families
were
married
to
their
husbands,
they
expected
to
bring
with
themselves
with
a
large
amount
of
______.
上文提到了girls
from
rich
families
were
married
to
their
husbands来自富有家
庭的女孩要出嫁,
可猜出她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。
dowry
2.
细节理解题
此类题就是我们常见的wh-
题,
有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案,
有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到,
比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为:
先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子,
再对相关的部分进行细读,
找出正确答案。
细节理解题的解题技巧:
(1)直接事实题:
解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息,
采用针对性方法进行阅读,
因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
(2)间接事实题:
解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断,
梳理一下文章的脉络,
找出支持每个现象的句子。所以做间接事实题时,
A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。通常以下列形式出现:
①Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE?
②Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
③Which
of
the
following
is
WRONG?
④From
the
passage
we
know
__________.
?
3.
推理判断题
此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义,
检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系,
并根据常识,
或者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现:
What
can
you
infer
from
the
passage?
推理判断题的解题技巧:
(1)根据词义关系推断具体细节,
要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,
不能就事论事、以偏概全。
(2)根据文章的内容,
进行合理的判断,
切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。
(3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的,
借助上下文,
领会“弦外之音”,
避免“自己想当然”。
4.
主旨大意题
此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现:
①The
main
idea
of
the
passage
is
__________.
?
②The
passage
is
about
__________.
?
③What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
④What’s
the
writer’s
purpose
of
writing
this
article?
⑤Which
may
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
主旨大意题的解题技巧:
(1)首先要清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉,
进行综合归纳,
概括文章的主题。
(2)如有标题,
标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息;
同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句),
或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。
(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,
因此,
许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,
即高频词,
也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。
(4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图,
即通常所说的“弦外之音,
言外之意”,
从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的。总之,
做阅读题要记得:
一读,
二找,
三思,
四查。
5.
结构顺序题
常见提问方式:
①How
is
the
passage
organized?
②Which
of
the
following
best
shows
the
structure
of
the
passage?
③The
author
develops
the
passage
mainly
by.
.
.
结构顺序题的解题技巧:
(1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头,
简要概括了文章的中心思想。
(2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头,
也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见上面第4点。
(3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系,
承上启下,
使文章行文连贯、逻辑严密。为突出主题,
作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,
通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
【典例分析】
(2020·杭州中考)
Traffic
lights
are
red,
yellow
and
green.
They
are
very
important
signals
(信号).
Traffic
lights
are
usually
placed
at
busy
street
corners
to
help
control
traffic.
Sometimes,
they
are
on
streets
near
schools
and
shops,
too.
Most
young
children
are
taught
what
each
of
the
colored
lights
means,
so
everybody
can
stay
safe.
The
first
traffic
signals
were
used
for
trains.
The
signals
were
put
alongside
railway
tracks
(轨道).
The
color
red
was
used
to
mean
“stop”
because
it
warned
people
of
danger.
A
red
light
was
also
the
easiest
color
to
see
from
a
distance.
Train
drivers
could
see
the
red
“stop”
light
ahead
and
had
enough
time
to
slow
down
and
stop
their
trains.
A
green
light
was
used
to
mean
“take
care”
and
a
white
light
meant
“go”.
However,
there
were
many
dangerous
accidents
on
the
train
tracks.
Some
train
drivers
thought
a
star
shining
in
the
night
sky
was
a
white
light
that
meant
“go”.
So
the
signals
were
swapped.
The
“go”
light
was
changed
to
green
and
the
“take
care”
light
was
changed
to
white.
During
these
times,
people
travelled
by
train
or
in
carts
pulled
by
horses.
Years
later,
when
cars
were
built,
people
began
to
drive
them
because
they
could
travel
much
faster
than
horses.
However,
the
road
rules
for
drivers
were
not
very
clear
and
many
people
were
hurt
crossing
the
roads.
Yellow
warning
signs
had
to
be
placed
beside
the
roads
to
remind
drivers
to
take
care
and
allow
people
to
cross
safely.
Today,
towns
and
cities
all
over
the
world
have
traffic
lights.
Red
and
green
lights
match
the
signals
used
on
the
railways.
Yellow
lights
are
easy
to
see,
so
they
are
used
to
warn
drivers
that
they
should
slow
down
and
prepare
to
stop.
( )19.
Why
was
the
color
red
used
to
mean
“stop”?
A.
It
reminded
people
of
traffic
rules.
B.
It
helped
trains
run
smoothly.
C.
It
gave
people
a
warning
of
danger.
D.
It
was
the
first
color
people
thought
of.
( )20.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“swapped”
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A.
Designed.
B.
Exchanged.
C.
Suggested.
D.
Compared.
( )21.
In
which
order
did
the
“take
care”
light
develop?
a.
A
white
light
b.
A
green
light.
c.
A
yellow
light.
A.
a—c—b
B.
b—c—a
C.
a—b—c
D.
b—a—c
( )22.
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.
The
advantages
of
traffic
lights.
B.
The
history
of
traffic
lights.
C.
The
importance
of
traffic
lights.
D.
The
meanings
of
traffic
lights.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了交通灯的发展史。
19.
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句The
color
red
was
used
to
mean
“stop”
because
it
warned
people
of
danger.
可知红色警告危险。
20.
【解析】选B。
词义猜测题。根据Some
train
drivers
thought
a
star
shining
in
the
night
sky
was
a
white
light
that
meant
“go”.
So
the
signals
were
swapped.
The
“go”
light
was
changed
to
green
and
the
“take
care”
light
was
changed
to
white.
可知轨道上经常发生事故,
是因为一些火车司机认为黑夜中星星闪耀着白光意味着“通行”,
所以就把灯的颜色交换了。绿灯意味着“通行”,
白灯意味着“小心”。
21.
【解析】选D。
推理判断题。第二段最后一句说绿灯表示“小心”,
第三段最后一句说白灯表示“小心”,
第四段和第五段最后一句是黄灯表示“小心”,
所以顺序应该是绿-白-黄。
22.
【解析】选B。
主旨大意题。从每段开头Traffic
lights.
.
.
The
first
traffic
signals.
.
.
However,
.
.
.
During
these
times.
.
.
Today.
.
.
这些句子就可以看出本文讲述的是交通灯的发展史。
【先悟后练】
(浙江省杭州市2020年初中毕业生学业考试仿真考试)
The
human
brain
is
very
small
and
light(only
2%
of
our
total
body
weight),
but
it
needs
about
20%
of
the
oxygen
that
our
body
takes
in.
We
can’t
think
well
if
our
brain
isn’t
getting
enough
oxygen.
So,
always
make
sure
there
is
enough
oxygen
in
the
air
when
you
need
to
learn
or
remember
something!
No
one
can
remember
everything,
but
everyone
can
learn
how
to
improve
their
memory.
Here
are
some
tips.
None
of
them
can
make
your
memory
100%
perfect,
but
all
of
them
are
helpful:
?When
you
want
to
remember
something,
tell
a
friend
about
it.
This
way
the
new
information
becomes
more
memorable.
Later
on,
think
about
the
conversation
with
your
friend.
It
will
remind
you
of
the
information
you
wanted
to
remember.
?Don’t
over-train
your
brain.
When
you’ve
remembered
a
list
of
new
vocabulary,
stop
studying.
It’s
better
to
have
a
rest
for
a
while!
But
remember
you
do
have
to
practice
your
new
vocabulary
regularly!
?Our
memory
works
well
when
we
are
asleep.
If
you
want
to
remember
something,
go
to
bed
and
go
to
sleep
immediately
after
learning
it.
?If
you
have
to
remember
something
big,
break
it
down
into
smaller
sections.
It’s
easier
to
remember
198756430387
if
you
break
it
into
four
smaller
pieces:
198-756-430-387.
?If
you
want
to
remember
a
piece
of
information,
and
you
can’t,
don’t
get
angry.
Relax
and
tell
yourself,
“If
it’s
important,
I
will
remember
it
later.
”
(
)27.
How
many
tips
are
mentioned
in
the
passage
to
help
improve
your
memory?
A.
Three.
B.
Four.
C.
Five.
D.
Six.
(
)28.
If
we
want
to
remember
things
well,
we
must
make
sure
that
______.
?
A.
our
brain
is
heavy
enough
B.
there
is
much
air
around
C.
we
are
talkative
D.
there
is
enough
oxygen
in
the
air
C
D
(
)29.
According
to
the
passage,
you
can
break
556789000121
into
pieces
like
_____
to
remember
better.
A.
556-789-000-121
B.
5567-890-001-21
C.
55-6789-000-121
D.
5-56789-0001-21
A
(
)30.
What’s
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
How
the
human
brain
works
B.
Advice
on
how
to
improve
your
memory
C.
What
the
human
brain
contains
D.
Be
confident
in
your
memory
ability
B
