Unit
6 Earth
first
Calls①
for
action
to
save
wildlife!
Humans
share
Earth
with
many
different
kinds
of
wildlife.
However,
many
of
our
animal
and
plant
friends
may
not
be
around②
for
much
longer.
According
to
the
first
comprehensive③
report
on
biodiversity
(生物多样性)
released④
by
the
United
Nations
in
May,
1
million
of
Earth's
species
in
8
million
are
threatened
with
extinction,
including
amphibians
(两栖动物),
marine⑤
mammals
(哺乳动物)
and
insects⑥.
Humans
are
mainly
to
blame⑦
for
the
danger.
According
to
the
report,
the
world's
population
has
doubled⑧
in
the
last
50
years.
Humans
have
used
more
than
a
third
of
the
world's
land
and
75
percent
of
fresh
water
supplies
to
grow
crops
and
keep
livestock⑨.
As
a
result,
there
are
fewer
habitats
and
fewer
natural
resources
available
as
well
as
more
pollution.
Because
of
human
activities,
the
global
rate
of
species
extinction
over
the
past
50
years
has
been
already
“at
least
hundreds
of
times
higher
than
it
was
averagely
over
the
past
10
million
years”
,
the
report
noted⑩.
The
species
extinction
could
have
a
serious
influence
on?
ecosystems.
“When
you
lose
a
species,
think
of
it
like
a
fabric?，
and
you're
taking
and
pulling
one
of
the
thread
(线)，”
Brett
Scheffers,
an
ecologist
at
the
University
of
Florida,
US,
told
NBC
News.
“Over
time,
the
fabric
gets
looser
and
less
stable?.
These
are
the
types
of
changes
we're
observing?
where
entire
ecosystems
collapse?【1】．”
【1】we're
observing和where
entire
ecosystems
collapse都是定语从句，均修饰先行词the
types
of
changes；第一个定语从句中省略了关系代词that/which；第二个定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语，先行词此时表示抽象地点。
These
developments
lead
scientists
to?
believe
that
there
could
be
a
sixth
mass
extinction,
the
first
to
be
caused
by
humans
【2】，
according
to
the
Guardian.
There
have
been
five
mass
extinctions
before,
the
last
being
65
million
years
ago
【3】.
That
time
it
was
the
dinosaurs
that
died
out【4】．
【2】此处作a
sixth
mass
extinction的同位语，不定式to
be
caused
by
humans作后置定语，修饰the
first。
【3】该句是一个较长的简单句。“the
last
being
65
million
years
ago”是独立主格结构。
【4】该句是强调句，原句是：That
time
the
dinosaurs
died
out，用it
was...that...对主语进行强调。
“The
evidence?
is
clear:
The
future
will
be
bad
for
us
if
we
don't
act
now.
There
is
no
future
for
us
without
nature，”
Sandra
Diaz,
co?author
of
the
report,
told
National
Geographic.
To
deal
with
the
problem
【5】，
many
countries
have
taken
action?.
For
example,
China
has
banned?
the
use
of
rhino
horns
(犀牛角)
and
tiger
bones,
and
the
ivory
trade,
reported
China
Daily.
【5】此处不定式短语作目的状语。
According
to
Huffpost,
there
are
things
that
we
can
do
personally
to
save
wild
species【6】.
For
example,
don't
buy
products
made
from
illegal
wildlife
parts
and
reduce
water
waste.
【6】这是一个主从复合句。主句是There
be句式；that
we
can
do
personally
to
save
wild
species是定语从句，修饰先行词things；不定式短语to
save
wild
species作目的状语。
“Each
individual?
action
has
a
ripple
effect
(连锁反应)
and
every
person
can
make
a
difference—through
a
mass
we
can
turn
the
tide，”
said
Claudia
Sobrevila,
from
Global
Wildlife
Program.
词汇积累
①call
n.
熟词生义 需要，请求，呼吁
②around
adv.
熟词生义 出现；现有。常用表语。
③comprehensive
/?k?mpr?'hens?v/adj.
全面的，详尽的
④release/r?'li?s/n.&v.公布，发布
⑤marine/m?'ri?n/adj.海的，海产的
⑥insect/'?nsekt/n.昆虫
⑦blame
vt.责备；归咎于
n．责备；责任
be
to
blame
(for...)(对……)负有责任
blame...for
sth.为某事而责备……，把某事归咎于……
⑧double/'d?bl/v.(使)加倍
adj.两倍的，双倍的
⑨livestock/'la?vst?k/n.[U]牲畜，家畜
⑩note
熟词生义 v．特别提到，指出
?have
an
influence
on...对……产生影响
?fabric/'f?br?k/n.织物，衣料
?stable/'ste?bl/adj.稳定的
stability
n．稳定，稳定性
?observe/?b'z??v/v.观察到，注意到
?collapse
/k?'l?ps/n.&vi.崩溃，瓦解；倒塌
?lead
sb.
to
do
sth.引导某人做某事
?evidence/'ev?d?ns/n.证据
?take
action采取行动
?ban/b?n/v.禁止
n．禁止，禁令
ban
sb.
from
doing
sth.禁止某人做某事
?individual/??nd?'v?d?u?l/adj.个人的；个别的
n．个人，个体
make
a
difference有影响，有作用
tide/ta?d/n.趋势，潮流；潮汐
turn
the
tide改变形势
译文参考
行动起来拯救野生生物！
人类与各种各样的野生生物共享一个地球。但许多我们的动植物朋友很快或许都将不复存在。
据联合国今年5月发布的第一份生物多样性综合报告显示，在全球八百万物种中，有一百万正濒临灭绝，其中包括了两栖动物、海洋哺乳动物和昆虫。
人类是产生这一威胁的主要原因。该报告认为，在过去的50年间，世界人口增加了一倍。人类使用了全球超过1/3的土地和75%的淡水资源来种植农作物，饲养牲畜。结果导致(动植物的)栖息地和自然资源不断减少，污染日渐增多。
该报告指出，由于人类活动，过去50年间全球物种灭绝的速度“和过去1
000万年间的平均速度相比，已经快了至少数百倍”。
物种灭绝会对生态系统产生严重影响。
“一种生物灭绝时，就像你扯了一件纺织品的一根线头一样，”美国佛罗里达大学的生态学家布雷特·舍费尔斯在接受美国全国广播公司新闻频道采访时表示。“随着时间的流逝，这件纺织品会变得日益松垮，不再成型。我们所观察的这些变化正是整个生态系统瓦解的原因。”
据《卫报》报道，这些事态的发展让科学家们担心会发生第六次生物集群灭绝，这也是首次由人类所导致的(灭绝)。此前共有五次生物集群灭绝，最近的一次发生在6
500万年前，当时导致了恐龙灭绝。
“证据显而易见：如果现在不开始行动，未来将会对我们很不利。没有大自然，我们也就没有未来可言，”该报告的合著者桑德拉·迪亚兹在接受《国家地理》杂志采访时表示。
许多国家都采取了措施来应对这一问题。比如，据《中国日报》报道，中国已经禁止犀牛角和虎骨的使用以及象牙贸易。
据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，我们个人也能采取行动拯救野生物种。比如，不要购买用非法得来的野生生物部位制成的产品以及减少水资源浪费。
“每一个个体行动都会产生连锁反应，每个人都能带来影响——众人拾柴火焰高。”来自全球野生生物项目组的克劳迪娅·索伯勒维亚表示。
Section
Ⅰ Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．________
v.
使(某人)惊恐；吓唬
2．________
v.
把……作为目标
3．________
adv.
幸运地
4．________
n.
态度；看法
Ⅱ.阅读单词
1．shark
n.
____________
2．fin
n.
____________
3．dive
v.
____________
4．extinction
n.
____________
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．讲述……的故事
____________
2．……的数量
____________
3．切掉，割掉；阻断；中断(供给)
____________
4．对……有影响
____________
5．偶然遇见
____________
6．被……覆盖
____________
7．从那天起
____________
8．win
an
award
____________
9．make
things
worse
____________
10．due
to
____________
11．be
wrong
about
____________
12．by
mistake
____________
13．protect...
from...
____________
14．raise
awareness
of
____________
15．inform
sb.
of/about
sth.
____________
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．where
引导定语从句
Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
________
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off.
割鳍是一种捕获鲨鱼并割掉鱼鳍的捕鱼方式。
2．as引导时间状语从句
Today,
________________________，
more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
from
extinction.
今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解：理解文章结构
Ⅱ.文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息
1．What
is
the
writer's
purpose
of
writing
the
passage?
A．To
recommend
the
film
Jaws
and
the
book
to
people.
B．To
criticize
Peter
Benchley's
misleading
description
of
sharks.
C．To
raise
people's
awareness
of
shark
protection.
D．To
inform
people
sharks
are
dangerous.
2．According
to
the
passage,
which
one
is
wrong
about
the
film
Jaws?
A．A
woman
died
as
a
result
of
a
shark's
attack.
B．It
was
popular
with
huge
audiences.
C．It
changed
people's
long?held
idea
of
shark
as
a
dangerous
animal.
D．It
won
a
great
reputation
in
the
field
of
film.
3．Why
did
the
number
of
large
sharks
fall
quickly?
A．Because
of
the
climate
change.
B．Because
of
people's
killing
and
finning.
C．Because
of
lacking
of
enough
food.
D．Because
of
the
pollution
of
the
ocean.
4．What
has
changed
Peter
Benchley's
opinion
about
sharks?
A．The
horrible
sight
he
caught
when
he
was
diving.
B．People's
fear
of
the
sharks.
C．The
decrease
of
the
sharks.
D．Experts'
findings
on
the
sharks.
5．Nowadays,
what
is
people's
attitude
towards
protecting
sharks?
A．Neutral.
B．Indifferent.
C．Disapproval.
D．Favorable.
?第一版块：重点词汇诠释
1．scare
v．使(某人)惊恐；吓唬
It
scares
sb.
to
do
sth.
做某事使某人感到害怕。
scare...
away/off
把……吓跑
scare
sb.
into
doing
sth.
威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare
sb.
to
death
把某人吓得要死
①It
scared
me
to
think
I
took
a
ship
alone
on
the
rough
sea.
一想到我一个人乘船在波涛汹涌的海上，就使我感到害怕。
②The
researchers
had
to
make
a
fire
at
the
edge
of
the
forest
to
scare
away
wild
animals
at
night.
调查者不得不在森林边上生火以在夜间吓跑野兽。
[即学即练] 完成句子
(1)Many
customers
have
been
____________
(被吓得购买)
organic
food.
(2)She
____________
(害怕进入)
the
yard
because
she
____________
(害怕被咬)
by
the
big
dog
lying
at
the
gate.
图形助记：
There
was
a
snake
in
the
grass
that
scared
her
away.
草丛中有一条蛇，把她吓跑了。
2.target
v．把……作为目标；n.目标；对象；靶子
be
targeted
at
以……为目标
aim
at
a
target
瞄准目标
set
yourself
targets
给你自己制定目标
hit/miss
the
target
中/脱靶
meet/achieve/reach
a
target
完成/达到目标
become
the
target
for/of
a
lot
of
criticism
成了众矢之的
The
campaign
is
clearly
targeted
at
the
young.
这个活动显然是以年轻人为目标。
[即学即练] 完成句子
(1)Only
by
working
hard
________________________
(你能实现目标)．
(2)The
plan
doesn't
sound
very
practical.
It
is
bound
to
________________________
(成为……的对象)
the
attack.
(3)________________(给你自己制定目标)
that
you
can
reasonably
hope
to
achieve.
联想拓展：
(1)“实现某人的目标”
achieve
one's
target
reach/achieve/meet
one's
goal
(2)“目标”其他表达：
goal
n．目标
aim
n．目标
3．fortunately
adv.幸运地
fortunately
for
sb.
某人很幸运(作状语)
make
a
fortune
发大财
be
fortunate
to
do
sth.
幸运地做某事
Fortunately,
I
found
a
job
that
I
loved＝I
was
fortunate
to
find
a
job
that
I
loved.
我很幸运找到了一份自己热爱的工作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)________
(fortunate),
after
six
years'
hard
work,
he
founded
his
own
company.
(2)Two
middle?aged
passengers
fell
into
the
sea.
________
(fortunate),
neither
of
them
could
swim.
(3)He
went
to
Australia
and
soon
made
________
fortune.
语境助记：
She
was
very
fortunate
to
inherit
a
fortune,
but
unfortunately
she
suffered
from
a
deadly
disease.
她非常幸运地继承了一大笔财产，但不幸的是她患了一种致命的疾病。
4.attitude
n．态度；看法
an
attitude
to/towards
对……的态度
have/take
a
good/bad/positive/negative
attitude
to/towards
对……持好的/坏的/肯定的/否定的态度
an
attitude
of
mind
心态问题
change
one's
attitude
改变某人的态度
①Keep
a
positive
attitude
and
good
things
will
happen.
保持积极的态度，好事就会发生。
②What
is
his
attitude
towards
increasing
tariffs
between
the
two
countries?
他对两国之间增长的关税是什么态度？
③What's
particularly
interesting
is
the
attitude
various
cities
have
toward
Dubanchet's
cause.
特别有趣的是，各个城市对Dubanchet这样做的态度。
[即学即练] 完成句子
(1)I
dislike
him
because
he
always
________________
(对……有不好的态度)
the
people
around
him.
(2)People
________________
(对生活有积极态度的)
are
more
likely
to
succeed.
(3)If
you
want
to
pass
your
exams
you'd
better
________________
(改变你的态度)!
易错辨析：
attitude态度；看法
altitude海拔；高度
As
the
saying
goes,
attitude
determines
altitude.
Nothing
is
too
difficult
if
you
set
your
mind
to
it.
俗话说，态度决定高度。
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
5.refer
to提到；谈到；参考；查阅；涉及
refer
to
the
dictionary
查字典
refer
to
your
notes
参考一下你的笔记
refer
sth.
to
sb.
把……提交给……
refer
to
sb./sth.
as...
称某人/某物是……；
认为某人/某物是……
Don't
always
refer
to
the
dictionary
whenever
you
come
across
a
new
word
while
reading.
阅读时不要遇到生词就查阅字典。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Who
do
you
think
the
teacher
is
referring
________？
(2)The
scientist
referred
to
the
discovery
________
the
most
exciting
new
development
in
this
field.
(3)Write
down
the
phone
number
of
that
restaurant
for
future
________
(refer)．
(4)Some
scientific
stories
this
book
________
(提及)
have
come
true
now.
要点必记：
refer的过去式、过去分词和v.?ing分别是：referred,
referred,
referring记得要双写。
6.cut
off
切断，断绝；中断，停止供应；与外部隔绝
cut
off
one's
long
hair
剪掉某人的长发
cut
the
fat
off
the
meat
把这块肉上的肥肉切掉
cut
off
the
gas/electricity/water
切断煤气供应/断电/断水
①The
army
was
cut
off
from
its
base.
这个部队与它的基地失去了联络。
②Busy
with
his
project,
he
felt
cut
off
from
the
outside.
忙着做他的项目，他感觉与外界隔绝了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)After
his
wife
died,
he
cut
himself
________
completely
from
the
rest
of
the
world.
(2)Charlie
cuts
________
the
leather
top
of
the
shoe
and
shares
the
shoe
with
the
other
fellow.
(3)She
always
focused
on
what
her
friend
said
and
seldom
cut
________.
(4)Don't
cut
________
the
tree
that
gives
you
shade.
(5)We
can
gain
some
time
if
we
cut
________
this
field.
联想拓展：
cut
down砍掉；减少，缩减
cut
away去掉；切掉；砍掉
cut
out裁剪；删去
cut
up切碎，剁碎
cut
in插嘴，打断别人说话
cut
across抄近路穿过
cut
through开辟(通道)
?第二版块：重点句型解构
1．(教材原句)Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off.
割鳍是一种捕获鲨鱼并割掉鱼鳍的捕鱼方式。
句型解构
该句子主干为Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing;
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词fishing。
Students
should
take
part
in
more
community
activities
where
they
can
gain
more
experience.
学生应该参加更多的社区活动，在那里他们可以获得更多的经验。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)You
have
reached
a
point
________
medicine
can't
help.
(2)It's
a
job
________
you
can
find
your
true
value.
(3)He
got
into
_________(……的情况)it
is
hard
to
decide
what
is
right
and
wrong.
联想拓展：
高考对于where的考查趋于复杂化，先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”或者“抽象的地点”。这些名词有stage,
case,
position,
activity等。
2.(教材原句)Today,
as
we
learn
more
about
sharks,
more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
from
extinction.
今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。
句型解构：as意为“随着”，在句中引导时间状语从句。
as的常见用法如下：
(1)当……时；随着(引导时间状语从句)
(2)由于，因为(引导原因状语从句)
(3)正如……，依照……(引导方式状语从句)
(4)尽管，虽然，即使(引导让步状语从句)
(5)和……一样……(as...
as比较状语从句)
(6)as作关系代词(引导定语从句)
[即学即练] 判断as引导的是什么从句
(1)As
it
was
getting
late,
I
turned
around
to
start
for
home.______________
(2)As
you
make
reading
a
regular
part
of
your
life,
you'll
understand
the
text
better.______________
(3)When
in
Rome,
do
as
Romans
do.______________
(4)As
is
known
to
us,
Nanjing
is
a
famous
city
for
her
long
history.______________
(5)As
I
looked
at
his
face,
something
occurred
to
me.______________
(6)Hot
as
the
night
air
was,
we
slept
deeply
because
we
were
so
tired
after
the
long
journey.______________
(7)That's
not
as
simple
as
it
sounds.______________
易错提示：
as引导让步状语从句必用倒装，将表语、状语或谓语动词的原形提至句首。
Young
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
尽管他年轻，他却懂得很多。
SHARKS:
DANGEROUS
OR
ENDANGERED?
1We
see
a
woman
swimming
at
night
in
a
dark
sea.
Suddenly,
she
is
pulled
underwater①.
She
surfaces②，
cries
in
fear,
then
disappears
forever.
This
is
the
opening
scene
from
the
1975
film
Jaws,
showing
a
shark
attack.【1】
It
tells
the
story
of
a
great
white
shark
that
attacks
and
kills
swimmers.
Jaws
was
a
great
success,
attracting
huge
audiences
and
winning
many
awards.
It
strengthened
people's
long?held③
idea
of
the
great
white
shark
as
a
dangerous
animal.
【1】showing
a
shark
attack是现在分词短语作定语，可改写为定语从句，即which
shows
a
shark
attack。
2People
have
always
been
scared④
of
sharks,
but
Jaws
made
things
worse
【2】.
It
made
people
frightened
of
sharks,
especially
of
the
great
white
shark.
Many
people
who
saw
the
film
started
to
believe
that
sharks
were
bad
animals
that
ate
humans
【3】.
Some
people
stopped
swimming
in
the
sea,
afraid
of
the
horrible
creature
from
the
film
【4】.
Other
people
started
fishing
for
sharks,
killing
as
many
as
they
could
【5】.
At
that
time,
nobody
cared
if
sharks
were
killed,
or
how
many
were
killed.
People
just
wanted
them
killed.
【2】此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词worse在此作宾补。
【3】此处who
saw
the
film为who引导的定语从句，修饰
Many
people；that...ate
humans为that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语，宾语从句中的that
ate
humans为that引导的定语从句，修饰bad
animals。
【4】此处为形容词短语作原因状语。
【5】此处为现在分词短语作状语，其中的as
many
as
they
could属于“as...as...”结构，表示“尽可能多的”。
3After
1975,
the
number
of
large
sharks
around
America
fell
quickly,
and
soon
fell
around
the
world.
This
was
not
only
due
to⑤
fear
of
sharks,
but
also
finning⑥.
Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off⑦
【6】.
The
sharks
are
thrown
back
into
the
sea
where
they
die
slowly
and
painfully.
The
fins
are
used
in
shark
fin
soup.
Finning
kills
millions
of
sharks
a
year.
【6】此处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a
type
of
fishing;
cut
off前的are省略了。
4Finning
would
have
an
unexpected
effect
upon
Peter
Benchley,
the
man
who
wrote
the
book
the
film
Jaws
was
based
on
【7】.
In
1980,
Benchley
was
diving⑧
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.
It
was
an
area
where
fishermen
were
finning,
and
the
sea
floor
was
covered
with
dead
sharks.
Benchley
saw
sharks
being
killed
【8】
and
this
caused
a
deep
change
in
him.
He
came
to
see
people
as
a
danger
to
sharks,
rather
than⑨
the
other
way
round⑩.
From
that
day
on,
he
fought
to
protect
sharks.
He
admitted
that
his
book
was
wrong
about
sharks'
behaviour.
“Sharks
don't
target?
humans，”
he
said.
Experts
have
proved
that
sharks
do
not
see
people
as
food,
and
they
attack
us
by
mistake?
【9】.
Only
around
six
people
are
killed
by
sharks
every
year.
【7】此处为Peter
Benchley的同位语，其中who...based
on为who引导的定语从句，修饰the
man；该定语从句中又包含一个省略了关系词的定语从句the
film
Jaws
was
based
on，该定语从句修饰the
book。
【8】此处为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，being
killed在此作宾补，表示正在进行的被动动作。
【9】此处为and连接的并列句。第一分句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，作proved的宾语。
5Fortunately?，
not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks—some
became
interested
in
understanding
them.
Today,
as
we
learn
more
about
sharks,
more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
from
extinction?.
[词语积累]
①underwater/??nd?'w??t?(r)/adv.在水面下
[构词法]underwater是由“介词＋名词”构成的复合副词。类似的词还有：downstairs在楼下，downtown在/往市中心，alongside在一边。
②surface
熟词生义 vi.升到水面，浮出水面
③long?held长期持有的
[构词法]该词由“副词＋过去分词”构成，类似的词有：well?prepared准备好的，well?known众所周知的，well?written写得好的。
④scared/ske?d/adj.害怕，恐惧，畏惧，担心
⑤due
to由于，因为
⑥fin/f?n/v.切去(鱼的)鳍
n．鱼鳍
⑦cut
off切掉；被隔绝；切断(供给)；中断
⑧dive/da?v/v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
go
diving去潜水
diver
n．(通常有专用装备的)潜水员
⑨rather
than而不是
⑩the
other
way
round相反的情况；颠倒过来，反过来
?target/'tɑ?ɡ?t/v.把……作为目标
?by
mistake错误地，无意中
[近义]by
chance偶然，意外地[近义]on
purpose故意；有意地
?fortunately/'f??(r)t??n?tli/adv.幸运地
[近义]luckily
adv.幸运地
?extinction/?k'st??k?(?)n/n.灭绝，绝种
be
threatened
with
extinction/in
danger
of
extinction面临消亡的威胁/有消亡的危险的……
extinct/?k'st??kt/adj.已灭绝的，绝种的
[文化采风]
《大白鲨》(Jaws)是1975年上映的一部美国惊悚电影。本片是史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格拍摄的经典影片之一，根据彼得·本奇利的同名小说改编。影片讲述了在一个名叫艾米蒂岛的暑期度假小镇近海处出现一头巨大的食人大白鲨，多名游客命丧其口。当地警长在一名海洋生物学家和一位职业鲨鱼捕手的帮助下猎杀这条鲨鱼的故事。
鲨鱼：危险的还是濒危的？
1我们看到一个晚上在一片黑暗的海里游泳的女人突然被拉到了水下。她浮出水面，惊恐地哭着，然后彻底消失了。这是1975年的电影《大白鲨》的开场，展现了鲨鱼的一次袭击。电影向我们讲述了一条大白鲨攻击并杀死游泳者的故事。《大白鲨》是一部非常成功的电影，吸引了许多的观众，获得了众多奖项。它强化了人们长期就有的观念，即大白鲨属于危险生物。
2虽然人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》加深了这种感觉。它让人们恐惧鲨鱼，尤其是大白鲨。许多看过这部电影的人开始相信，鲨鱼是会吃人的有害动物。有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物，不再去海里游泳。还有人开始捕捞鲨鱼，杀死尽可能多的鲨鱼。在那个时候，没有人关心鲨鱼是否被杀，或者有多少鲨鱼遭到杀戮。人们只是想置它们于死地。
31975年以后，美国附近的大型鲨鱼数量骤降，世界范围内的鲨鱼数量也很快下降。这不仅仅是因为(人们)对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为(人们)捕鲨采翅。这是一种将鲨鱼捕获之后，割下它们的鱼鳍的捕鱼方式。鲨鱼被扔回大海，然后它们在痛苦中慢慢死去。鱼鳍是用来做鱼翅汤的。捕鲨采翅每年会杀死数百万条鲨鱼。
4捕鲨采翅给彼得·本奇利带来了未曾料想的影响，他是改编成电影《大白鲨》的小说的作者。1980年，本奇利在潜水时偶然看到了一个可怕的景象。那片海域是捕鱼者割鱼鳍的地方，海底布满了死去的鲨鱼。看到鲨鱼被杀给本奇利带来了深刻的改变。他开始把人类看作鲨鱼的威胁，而不是相反的情形。从那天起，他就为保护鲨鱼而努力。他承认他的书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是错误的。“鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标，”他说。专家们已经证实，鲨鱼不把人视作食物，它们只是误伤人类。每年仅有大约6人被鲨鱼杀死。
5幸运的是，并非所有人在看完电影《大白鲨》以后开始惧怕鲨鱼——有人反而乐意去了解它们。今天，随着我们对鲨鱼的认识愈发深入，有比以往更多的人想要保护它们免遭灭绝。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If
the
t________
is
set
in
a
wrong
direction,
he
has
to
make
a
timely
adjustment.
2．The
car
ran
into
a
tree
on
the
roadside,
but
f________
nobody
was
injured.
3．Students
should
have
a
proper
a________
towards
college
before
thinking
about
which
college
to
attend.
4．However,
the
two
zookeepers
didn't
want
to
see
the
________
(灭绝)
of
this
precious
species.
Ⅱ.选词填空(可变换形式)
in
fear，
cut
off，
rather
than，
by
mistake，
come
across，
the
other
way
round，
due
to，
be
scared
of
1．What
matters
in
life
is
working
hard
________________
hardly
working.
2．She
wrote
down
some
notes
on
a
piece
of
paper,
but
her
mother
tore
it
up
________________.
3．The
barking
dog
in
Linda's
yard
made
the
mailman
back
away
________________.
4．The
man
who
makes
no
mistakes
does
not
usually
make
anything!
So,
don't
________________
making
mistakes
but
remember
to
learn
from
mistakes!
5．The
captain
of
the
ship
was
advised
to
turn
back
__________
a
sudden
heavy
storm.
6．It
would
be
a
good
idea
to
use
a
plastic
bottle,
with
its
top
________________，
as
a
container
to
grow
young
plants
in.
7．I
________________
an
old
friend
of
mine
when
I
was
buying
household
goods
in
a
corner
shop.
8．Benchley
came
to
see
people
as
a
danger
to
sharks,
rather
than
________________.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．那时，她对违背父亲的意愿感到很害怕。
She
________________
going
against
her
father's
wishes
at
that
time.
(scared)
2．法官们没有给出关于他们的想法的暗示，所以我非常担心地离开了房间。
The
judges
gave
no
hint
(暗示)
of
what
they
thought,
so
I
left
the
room
really
________________.(worry，形容词作状语)
3．全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生了重大影响。
Global
warming
________________
hundreds
of
plant
and
animal
species
around
the
world.
(effect)
4．我害怕知道考试成绩，因为我没有认真准备考试。
I'm
________________
the
test
score
as
I
didn't
make
careful
preparation
for
it.
(scared)
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The
1975
film
Jaws
described
a
scene
where
a
woman
swimming
in
a
dark
sea
1.________
(attack)
by
a
great
white
shark
and
finally
was
eaten
by
it,
which
made
people
consider
the
great
white
shark
as
2.________
dangerous
animal.
Some
people
were
afraid
of
swimming
in
the
sea.
To
make
things
3.________
(bad),
other
people
started
fishing
for
sharks,
4.________
(kill)
as
many
as
they
could.
As
a
result,
the
number
of
large
sharks
around
America
fell
quickly.
5.________
(fin)
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off.
The
sharks
are
thrown
back
into
the
sea
where
they
die
slowly
and
6.________
(painful).
Finning
kills
millions
of
sharks
a
year.
In
1980,
Benchley,
the
man
7.________
wrote
the
book
the
film
Jaws
was
based
on,
was
diving
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.
The
sea
floor
was
covered
with
dead
sharks
because
of
finning.
He
came
to
see
people
as
a
danger
to
sharks,
rather
than
the
other
way
round.
From
that
day
on,
he
fought
8.________
(protect)
sharks.
9.________
(expert)
have
proved
that
sharks
do
not
see
people
as
food,
and
they
attack
us
just
by
mistake.
Only
a
few
people
are
killed
by
sharks
every
year.
Fortunately,
some
people
began
to
protect
sharks.
Today,
as
we
learn
more
about
sharks,
more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
10.________
extinction.
Unit
6 Earth
first
Section
Ⅰ Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas新知探索·自主学习
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．scare 2.target 3.fortunately 4.attitude
Ⅱ.阅读单词
1．鲨鱼 2.鱼鳍 3.潜水 4.灭绝；绝种
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．tell
the
story
of 2.the
number
of 3.cut
off
4．have
an
effect
on/upon 5.come
across
6．be
covered
with 7.from
that
day
on
8．获奖 9.使事情更加糟糕 10.由于，因为
11．搞错；冤枉 12.错误地 13.保护……免遭……侵害 14.提高对……的意识 15.通知某人某事
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．where 2.as
we
learn
more
about
sharks
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅰ.文本整体理解：理解文章结构
1．dangerous 2.scared 3.finning 4.wrong
5．protect
Ⅱ.文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息
1．C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块
1．(1)scared
into
buying
(2)was
scared
to
go
into;
was
scared
of
being
bitten
2．(1)can
you
meet/achieve/reach
your
target
(2)become
the
target
of/for (3)Set
yourself
targets
3．(1)Fortunately (2)Unfortunately (3)a
4．(1)has
a
bad
attitude
to/towards (2)with
a
positive
attitude
towards
life (3)change
your
attitude
5．(1)to (2)as (3)reference (4)refers
to
6．(1)off (2)off (3)in (4)down (5)across
第二版块
1．(1)where (2)where
(3)a
situation
where
2．(1)原因状语从句 (2)时间状语从句
(3)方式状语从句 (4)定语从句 (5)时间状语从句 (6)让步状语从句 (7)比较状语从句
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．target 2.forturately 3.attitude
4．extinction
Ⅱ.选词填空(可变换形式)
1．rather
than 2.by
mistake 3.in
fear
4．be
scared
of 5.due
to 6.cut
off
7．came
across 8.the
other
way
round
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．was
scared
of 2.worried 3.is
having
a
great
effect
on 4.scared
to
know/scared
of
knowing
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．was
attacked 2.a 3.worse 4.killing 5.Finning 6.painfully 7.who/that
8．to
protect 9.Experts 10.from
PAGEUnit
6
Earth
first
Section
Ⅱ Using
language
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．________
v.
致力；献身；投身
2．________
n.
报告；(观点的)陈述，说明
3．________
n.
保护区
4．________
v.
建立；设立
5．________
v.
破坏；损坏
6．________
n.
洪水；水灾
7．________
v.
影响
8．________
n.
煤气、电力、自来水等供应
9．________
v.
使恢复
10．________
v.
采取(某种方法)
11．________
v.
减少；降低
12．________
v.
释放；排放
13．________
adj.
严重的
14．________
n.
讲座；演讲
15．________
n.
允许；许可
Ⅱ.阅读单词
1．ocean
n.
____________
2．highlight
v.
____________
3．cruelty
n.
____________
4．hunting
n.
____________
5．staff
n.
____________
6．drought
n.
____________
7．restore
v.
____________
8．sustainable
adj.
____________
9．bulb
n.
____________
10．renewable
adj.
____________
11．carbon
n.
____________
12．greenhouse
n.
____________
13．reusable
adj.
____________
14．brochure
n.
____________
15．solar
adj.
____________
16．smog
n.
____________
17．fog
n.
____________
18．infection
n.
____________
19．slide
n.
____________
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．____________
代替；而不是
2．the＋比较级，the＋比较级
____________
3．be
devoted
to
____________
4．get
sb.
involved
in
____________
5．most
importantly
____________
6．keep...
from
doing...
____________
?第一版块：重点词汇诠释
1．devote
v．致力；献身；投身
devote
oneself
to＝be
devoted
to
献身于；致力于
devote
one's
life/time/energy/attention
to
把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力奉献于……
be
devoted
to
sb.
忠于……；献身于……；致力于……
be
devoted
to
(doing)
sth.
致力于(做)某事；忠诚于某事
devotion
n.
热爱；奉献
①Qian
Xuesen
devoted
himself
entirely
to
science.
钱学森完全投身于科学事业。
②As
we
all
know,
he
is
a
generous,
devoted,
reliable
and
warm?hearted
friend.
我们都知道，他是一个慷慨、忠诚、可靠和热心的朋友。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Mr.
Reed
made
up
his
mind
to
devote
all
he
had
to
________
(set)
up
some
schools
for
poor
children.
(2)A
great
person
is
someone
who
devotes
his/her
life
to
________
(help)
others.
(3)Fans
will
show
their
________
(devote)
by
waiting
for
hours
to
get
tickets
for
their
favourite
singer's
concert.
(4)You
will
never
achieve
success
unless
you
________________
(致力于)
your
work.
(5)He
was
determined
to
________________
(将自己的余生献给)
folk
music.
联想拓展：
由介词to构成的其后要接名词、代词或v.?ing形式作宾语的短语：
be
devoted
to奉献于……
be
accustomed
to习惯于……
object
to反对……
get
used
to习惯于……
get
down
to开始做……
be
opposed
to反对……
be
addicted
to对……着迷
look
forward
to盼望……
stick
to坚持……
2．damage
v．&n.损坏；破坏；损伤
do/cause
damage
to...
对……造成损害
cause
serious
damage
to
the
environment
对环境造成严重的破坏
damage
one's
health
损害健康
Smoking
can
damage
your
health.
抽烟会损害你的健康。
[即学即练] 完成句子
(1)The
old
farmer
was
very
upset
because
the
strong
winds
________________
(给……带来很大损害)
his
wheat.
选词填空(damage/ruin/destroy)
(2)You
have
________
my
bike;
you'd
better
get
it
repaired.
(3)My
car
was
________
in
an
accident,
and
I
have
to
buy
a
new
one.
(4)To
our
disappointment,
the
bad
weather
________
our
trip.
(5)The
accident
caused
some
________
to
my
car,
but
it's
nothing
serious.
联想拓展：
“破坏”三兄弟
damage
vt.损失；损害
destroy
vt.毁坏；毁掉
ruin
vt.毁灭
3．affect
v．影响；使感染；感动
affect
our
lives
影响我们的生活
the
areas
affected
by
the
hurricane
受飓风影响的地区
be
deeply
affected
by
被……深深打动
have
a
great
effect
on
对……有重大影响
in
effect
在实施中；有效
take
effect
生效；起作用
①Babies'
health
is
much
more
likely
to
be
affected
if
either
parent
smokes.
如果父母有一方抽烟的话，婴儿受影响的可能性要大得多。
②The
tornado
happened
in
1925,
affecting
three
US
states.
这次龙卷风发生于1925年，影响了美国的三个州。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)With
the
government's
aid
(援助),
those
________
(affect)
by
the
earthquake
have
moved
to
the
new
settlements.
(2)Too
much
smoking
and
drinking
affected
him
greatly,
which
meant
bad
living
habits
had
an
effect
________
his
health.
(3)________
(affect)
by
the
rise
of
house
prices,
people
in
big
cities
live
under
great
pressure.
选词填空(affect/effect/influence)
(4)Alcohol
can
________
your
attention
and
it
also
has
a
bad
________
on
your
liver.
(5)The
change
in
climate
may
________
your
health.
(6)We
became
the
best
friends
and
he
________
me
deeply.
(7)The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those
whose
lives
were
________.
要点必记：
affect是动词，effect是名词，一定不要记混哦。
affect还有一个名词affection“喜爱，感情”。
4．supply
n．煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)；(pl)补给品；vt.供应；供给
food/water/gas/electricity
supply
食物/水/煤气/电供应
supply
and
demand
供求关系
a
supply
of
一批；许多
为某人/某物提供某物
We
supply
the
homeless
with
food
and
clothes.
＝We
supply
food
and
clothes
to
the
homeless.
我们把食物和衣服提供给无家可归的人。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)They
will
supply
us
________
technology
in
support
without
asking
for
anything
in
return.
(2)This
book
will
supply
some
scientific
methods
________
us
in
English
learning.
(3)Our
school
library
can
provide
all
kinds
of
good
books
________
students.
(4)Finally,
the
manager
offered
a
good
job
________
me.
易混辨析：
supply,
provide与offer
supply尤指大量供应、供给。
provide强调提供所需之物。
offer强调主动提供。
5.severe
adj.
(问题、伤势、疾病等)严重的
severe
injury
重伤
severe
pollution
严重的污染
severely
adv.
严重地
He
had
a
severe
illness.他得了严重的疾病。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Motorists
should
be
punished
________
(severe)
for
dangerous
driving.
(2)The
courts
are
becoming
more
severe
________
young
offenders
(犯罪者)．
(3)我将会继续对自己严格要求，请相信我吧！
I
will
________________________.
Please
just
believe
me.
联想拓展：
severe还有“严寒的”意思，搭配：a
severe
winter“严冬”。
severe还有“严厉的”意思，搭配：be
severe
on/with对某人很严厉
6.permission
n．允许；许可
have
permission
to
do
sth.
获得许可做某事
get
permission
(from
sb.)
得到(某人的)许可
ask
for
permission
请求许可
gain
permission
to
do...
获得做……的许可
with
one's
permission/with
the
permission
of
sb.
在某人的许可/准许下
without
permission
未经许可
①As
a
punishment,
she
was
not
permitted
to
attend
any
school
activities.
作为惩罚，她不被允许参加任何学校活动。
②I'll
see
you
after
the
meeting,
if
time
permits.
如果时间允许的话，我会在开完会后见你。
③She
had
asked
the
government
for
permission
to
move
the
books
to
a
safe
place,
but
they
refused.
她原本要请求政府的允许把这些书搬到安全的地方，但他们拒绝了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)If
you
think
that
treating
a
woman
well
means
always
getting
her
________
(permit)
for
things,
think
again.
(2)We
do
not
permit
________
(smoke)
in
the
office.
(3)It
was
announced
that
only
when
the
fire
was
under
control
would
the
residents
________
(permit)
to
return
to
their
homes.
(4)We'll
have
a
picnic
at
the
beach,
if
weather
________
(permit)．
(5)In
our
school,
no
student
can
go
out
of
the
classroom
________
(未经许可)．
(6)Mary
is
________________________
(请求她母亲的许可)
to
marry
Tom,
saying
he
is
a
responsible
young
man.
联想拓展：
(1)permit
v．允许；许可
permit
doing
sth.允许做某事
permit
sb.
to
do
sth.允许某人做某事
(2)permit还可作名词“通行证，许可证”，常指书面的许可，permission常指口头许可。
7.adopt
采用；采纳；收养
adopt
a
new
technique
采用一项新技术
adopt
an
approach/policy/attitude
采取一种方法/政策/态度
adopt
a
suggestion
采纳一个建议
adopt
a
child
收养一个孩子
①The
woman
said
that
her
two
children
were
both
adopted.
这个女士说她的俩孩子都是收养的。
②Becoming
a
member
of
the
society
means
adopting
its
values.
成为一个社会的一员意味着要采用它的价值观。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)For
many
childless
couples,
________
(adopt)
is
the
best
solution.
(2)In
the
past,
they
were
too
poor
and
had
to
have
their
daughter
________
(adopt)．
选词填空(adopt/adapt/adjust)
(3)It
turned
out
that
his
________
son
treated
them
as
if
they
were
his
own
parents.
(4)It
took
him
quite
a
lot
time
to
________
to
the
life
here.
(5)The
film
is
________
from
a
novel
by
Mo
Yan.
(6)All
three
teams
________
different
ways
to
solve
the
problem.
(7)The
height
of
the
chair
can
be
________.
易错辨析：
(1)adapt
vt.适应，改编
adapt
to适应
be
adapted
for改编成……
be
adapted
from改编自……
(2)adjust
v．调整；调节
(3)adopt
v．采纳；收养；采用
?第二版块：重点句型解构
the＋比较级……，
the＋比较级……
“越……，就越……”
“the＋比较级(＋主谓)，the＋比较级(＋主谓)”表示“越……，就越……”。前者表示条件，后者表示结果。
The
more
you
practice,
the
better
you
can
understand.
你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The
more,
the
________
(good)．
(2)The
________
(hard)
you
study,
the
more
progress
you'll
make.
联想拓展：
stronger
and
stronger越来越强大
more
and
more
important越来越重要
Section
Ⅱ Using
language
新知探索·自主学习
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．devote 2.presentation 3.reserve
4．establish 5.damage 6.flood 7.affect 8.supply 9.restore 10.adopt 11.reduce
12．release 13.severe 14.lecture 15.permission
Ⅱ.阅读单词
1．海洋；大海 2.使……突出，使注意力集中于 3.残忍，残酷，残暴 4.打猎，狩猎 5.员工 6.旱灾；干旱 7.使恢复 8.可持续的；不破坏环境的 9.灯泡 10.(能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的 11.碳 12.温室，暖房 13.可再度使用的，可多次使用的 14.小册子 15.利用太阳光(能)的 16.烟雾；雾霾
17．雾 18.感染；传染病 19.幻灯片
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．instead
of 2.越……；就越…… 3.专注于 4.使某人参与到…… 5.最重要的是 6.阻止……做……
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块
1．(1)setting (2)helping (3)devotion
(4)are
devoted
to/devote
yourself
to
(5)devote
the
rest
of
his
life
to
2．(1)caused
great
damage
to (2)damaged (3)destroyed (4)ruined (5)damage
3．(1)affected (2)on (3)Affected
(4)affect;
effect (5)affect (6)influenced
(7)affected
4．(1)with (2)to (3)for (4)to
5．(1)severely (2)on (3)be
severe
on/with
myself
6．(1)permission (2)smoking
(3)be
permitted (4)permits (5)without
permission (6)asking
for
her
mother's
permission
7．(1)adoption (2)adopted (3)adopted (4)adapt/adjust (5)adapted (6)adopted
(7)adjusted
第二版块
(1)better (2)harder
PAGEUnit
6
Earth
first
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——现在分词和过去分词作补足语
新知导引
用括号内词的适当形式完成下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1．We
see
a
woman
________
(swim)
at
night
in
a
dark
sea.
2．People
just
want
them
________
(kill)．
3．Benchley
saw
sharks
________
(kill)
and
this
caused
a
deep
change
in
him.
语法精讲
一、宾语补足语
某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。
1．过去分词作宾语补足语
(1)及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语是过去分词的逻辑主语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
When
we
arrived
at
the
school,
we
saw
the
door
locked.
我们到学校时发现门被锁了。
We
saw
an
old
man
knocked
down
by
a
passing
car.
我们看见一位老人被飞驰而过的车撞倒了。
(2)少数不及物动词(go,
change,
fall等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
I
found
the
leaves
fallen
two
days
ago.
两天前我发现这些树叶落下来了。
We
found
our
country
changed
a
lot
with
the
reform
and
open
policy.
我们发现，改革开放以来，我们的国家变化很大。
2．现在分词作宾语补足语
动词的现在分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语，宾语和现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
The
woman
found
a
beggar
lying
on
the
bench.
这位女士发现一个乞丐正躺在长凳上。
When
I
entered
the
room,
I
saw
him
sleeping
in
bed.
当我进入房间时，我看见他正在床上睡觉。
常用宾语补足语的动词如下：
(1)感官动词(表示所到、看到、嗅到、摸到等感官动作的动词)，常见的有：see,
watch,
look
at;
hear,
listen
to;
feel,
notice,
observe,
find;
smell...等，后跟现在分词作宾补，表示“感受到某人/物正在做某事”；后跟过去分词作宾补表示“感受到某人/物被……”，注意此时与现在分词作宾补的比较。
He
didn't
notice
the
thief
stealing
his
wallet.
他没有注意到小偷在偷他的钱包。
When
he
arrived,
he
found
all
the
work
finished.
当他到达时，他发现所有的工作都被做完了。
(2)表示“意愿，命令”的动词，如like,
want,
wish,
order,
expect...等，可用现在分词作宾补，表示“希望、要求某人/物做……”；也可用过去分词作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to
be，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被……”。注意与现在分词作宾补的比较。
He
didn't
want
such
questions
discussed
at
the
meeting.
他不想在会上讨论这种问题。
I
would
like
this
matter
settled
at
once.
我想立刻解决这个问题。
I
don't
like
a
man
standing
there
like
a
pole.
我不喜欢一个男士像柱子似地站立在那儿。
(3)使役动词(表示指使意义的动词)，常见的有：have,
get,
make,
leave,
keep...等，后可用现在分词作宾补，表示“使某人做某物”，也可跟过去分词作宾补表示“致使某人/某事被……”；注意与现在分词作宾补的比较。
The
teacher
went
out
of
the
classroom
leaving
the
students
standing
on
the
teaching
stage.
老师走出了教师，丢下那些学生在讲堂上站立着(而不管了)。
Have
you
had
your
hair
cut?
你剪头发了吗？
I
have
to
get
my
bike
repaired.
我不得不去修我的自行车。
I
won't
have
the
child
running
about
on
the
street.
It's
dangerous!
我不会放任孩子在街上乱跑的。太危险了！
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)I
am
afraid
that
I
can't
make
myself
________
(understand)
due
to
my
poor
English.
(2)You
will
see
this
product
________
(advertise)
eveywhere.
(3)I
could
feel
the
wind
________
(blow)
on
my
face.
(4)The
car
was
found
________
(trap)
in
a
pool
by
the
side
of
the
road.
二、主语补足语
主语补足语，是对句子主语的补充，使得句子更加完整。如果原来含有宾语补足语的句子结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，那么原宾语补足语相应地成为主语补足语。
We
saw
her
entering
the
room.
(宾语补足语)
She
was
seen
entering
the
room.
(主语补足语)
1．过去分词作主语补足语
过去分词作主语补足语时，主语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
Her
new
bike
was
found
stolen
by
a
stranger.
她的新自行车被一个陌生人偷走了。
The
little
boy
was
seen
bitten
by
a
dog.
有人看见这个小男孩被狗咬了。
2．现在分词作主语补足语
现在分词作主语补足语时，主语和现在分词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
Tony
was
seen
playing
computer
games
in
his
bedroom.
有人看见托尼在他的卧室里玩电脑游戏。
The
girls
were
found
singing
loudly
in
their
classroom.
他们发现女孩们正在教室里大声唱歌。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The
baby
was
found
________
(take)
good
care
of
by
the
babysitter.
(2)Freddie
and
his
friends
were
seen
________
(play)
basketball
in
the
playground.
(3)The
street
was
found
________
(flood)
after
the
storm.
(4)The
cute
dog
was
seen
________
(sleep)
sound
on
the
noisy
street.
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．I'd
like
to
see
the
plan
________
(carrying,
carried)
out.
2．We
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
________
(speaking,
spoken)
as
much
as
possible.
3．He
raised
his
voice
to
make
himself
________
(hearing,
heard)
by
all
the
students
in
the
classroom.
4．She
found
her
necklace
________
(gone,
going)
on
her
way
home.
5．The
woman
found
a
young
man
________
(stealing,
stole)
her
wallet.
6．We
can
hear
the
windows
________
(beat,
beaten)
by
the
heavy
rain
drops.
7．The
teacher
noticed
the
students
________
(discussing,
discuss)
questions
in
groups.
8．The
thief
was
brought
in
with
his
hands
________
(tie,
tied)
behind.
9．You
must
get
the
work
________
(done,
doing)
before
Friday.
10．The
boy
was
seen
________
(crying,
cries)
in
sorrow
because
of
his
grandma's
death.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I
got
the
story
________
(write)
in
English.
2．Our
manager
left
the
problem
________
(unsettle)．
3．I
heard
someone
________
(call)
my
name
when
walking
along
the
street.
4．With
everything
well
________
(arrange),
he
left
the
office.
5．At
that
moment,
I
saw
him
________
(cross)
the
street.
6．Please
keep
us
________
(inform)
of
the
latest
news.
7．She
wants
her
paintings
________
(display)
in
the
gallery,
but
we
don't
think
they
would
be
very
popular.
8．He
got
his
tooth
________
(pull)
out
last
Sunday.
9．I
hear
her
________
(practice)
oral
English
every
morning.
10．John
had
an
accident
and
found
the
car
________
(break)．
Ⅲ.用“hear/notice/see/feel/listen
to＋宾语＋宾补”结构填空
1．我抬头一看，注意到一只鸟正在树上捕捉它的早餐。
I
looked
up
and
________________________________
its
breakfast
in
the
tree.
2．为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听别人说英语。
To
learn
English
well,
we
should
find
opportunities
to
________________________________
as
much
as
we
can.
3．听！你听到有人在呼救吗？
Listen!
Do
you
________________________________？
4．度假回来后，White一家很高兴看见他们的花园被志愿者照顾得很好。
Back
from
the
vacation,
the
White
was
very
happy
to
________________________________
by
volunteers.
5．我们感到车子行驶得很快。
We
________________________________.
Section
Ⅲ Grammar—现在
分词和过去分词作补足语新知导引
1．swimming 2.killed 3.being
killed
语法精讲
一、
[即学即练] (1)understood (2)advertised (3)blowing (4)trapped
二、
[即学即练] (1)taken (2)playing
(3)flooded (4)sleeping
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．carried 2.spoken 3.heard 4.gone
5．stealing 6.beaten 7.discussing 8.tied
9．done 10.crying
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．written 2.unsettled 3.calling
4．arranged 5.crossing 6.informed
7．displayed 8.pulled 9.practicing 10.broken
Ⅲ.用“hear/notice/see/feel/listen
to＋宾语＋宾补”结构填空
1．noticed
a
bird
catching
2．listen
to
English
spoken
by
others
3．hear
someone
calling
for
help
4．see
their
garden
taken
good
care
of
5．felt
the
car
moving
fast
PAGEUnit
6
Earth
first
Section
Ⅳ Developing
ideas,
Presenting
ideas
&
Reflection
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．________
n.
多数；大多数(人数)
2．________
adj.
不正确的，错误的
3．________
n.
数量；数额
4．________
n.
电
5．________
v.
移走，搬走，去掉
6．________
n.
(宣传)活动
7．________
v.
敦促；竭力主张；强烈要求
8．________
adj.
焦急的；担忧的
9．________
v.
促成；造成(某事发生)
10．________
adj.
平均(数)的
Ⅱ.阅读单词
1．device
n.
____________
2．stand?by
adj.
____________
3．mode
n.
4．leak
v.
____________
5．appliance
n.
____________
6．plug
n.
____________
7．litre
n.
____________
8．canteen
n.
____________
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．____________
高达；达到
2．____________
对……有害
3．____________
对……有好处
4．____________
分解
5．____________
把……考虑进去
6．____________
取决于
7．be
used
to
do
sth.
____________
8．mistake...
for...
____________
9．far
from
____________
10．turn
off
____________
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．倍数表达法
However,
____________
uses
____________
much
energy
__________
making
a
plastic
bag
and
up
to
three
times
the
amount
of
water.
然而，制造一个纸袋所消耗的能源是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是制造塑料袋的三倍。
2．It
is/was...
that/who...强调句型
________
the
production
of
food,
not
its
transport,
________
uses
most
of
the
energy
and
produces
most
of
the
greenhouse
gases.
消耗最多能源和产生最多温室气体的是食品生产，而不是食品运输。
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解：理解文章结构
Ⅱ.文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息
1．Why
does
the
writer
write
the
passage?
A．He
wants
to
introduce
some
new
ways
to
save
energy.
B．He
wants
to
correct
the
false
green
truths
and
show
really
green
ones.
C．He
wants
to
call
on
more
people
to
protect
the
environment.
D．He
wants
to
explain
the
importance
of
energy
saving.
2．In
the
following,
which
one
is
not
the
disadvantage
of
plastic
bags?
A．Causing
litter.
B．Being
treated
as
food
by
wild
animals.
C．Taking
much
more
time
to
break
down.
D．Using
much
more
energy
to
produce.
3．Which
one
is
true
according
to
fifth
paragraph?
A．Leaving
a
device
in
stand?by
mode
is
environment?friendly.
B．Older
devices
use
less
energy
than
new
ones.
C．Removing
the
plug
from
power
supply
will
stop
using
power.
D．Using
electric
devices
as
little
as
possible
is
the
best
way
to
save
energy.
4．Why
do
people
prefer
to
eat
local
food?
A．Because
it
can
save
the
energy
used
to
transport.
B．Because
it
tastes
better
than
the
food
transported
long
away.
C．Because
its
production
uses
less
energy.
D．Because
it
produces
less
greenhouse
gas.
5．According
to
the
passage,
when
should
you
take
a
shower?
A．Anytime
you
like.
B．When
you
spend
less
than
8
minutes
in
a
shower.
C．When
your
bath
is
quite
large.
D．When
you
use
about
50
litres
of
water.
?第一版块：重点词汇诠释
1．majority
n．多数；大多数(人或物)
in
a/the
majority
占大多数
a/the
majority
of...
大多数……
[反]minority
n.
少数；少数民族
major
adj.([反]minor
)
主要的；主修的
n.
主修科目，专业
vi.
主修
major
in
主修……
Only
a
minority
of
people
in
that
city
do
not
have
a
car
while
the
people
taking
the
subway
to
work
are
in
a/the
majority.
那个城市只有少数人不拥有车，而乘地铁去上班的人却占大多数。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)To
my
surprise,
the
majority
of
the
students
________
(be)
for
his
proposal.
(2)One?third
of
the
country
________
(be)
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
the
citizens
________
(be)
black
people.
(3)In
my
opinion,
the
majority
of
the
committee
________
(have)
arrived.
(4)The
agreement
seems
to
be
impossible
because
________________________
(大多数成员反对)．
要点必记：
the
majority表示“大多数”时，为集合名词；单独作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
2．remove
v．移走；去除；脱去；开除
remove
sth.
from
sp.
把某物从某地搬走(移开)
remove
sb.
from
sth.
把某人从……职位免职
remove
sb.
from
school
勒令某人退学
①You
had
better
have
the
old
furniture
removed.
你最好把这些旧家具搬走。
②Once
formed,
the
bad
habits
are
hard
to
remove.
一些坏习惯一旦养成就很难改掉。
[即学即练] 完成句子
(1)You'd
better
perform
well
to
____________
(消除他的疑虑)．
(2)Only
after
he
________________
(摘掉墨镜)
did
I
recognize
him.
(3)He
______________
(被开除了)
the
post
because
he
broke
the
rules
and
regulations
of
the
company
by
design.
联想拓展：
remove
还有“消除”的意思：
remove
one's
doubt消除某人的疑虑
remove
one's
trouble消除某人的烦恼
3．concerned
adj.焦急的；担忧的；关心的
be
concerned
about
关心，挂念
as
far
as
sb./sth.
be
concerned
就……而言
be
concerned
with
与……有关；涉及
concern
vt.
(使)担忧；涉及；关系到
n.
担心，忧虑；关注；利害关系
concern
oneself
about
对……感兴趣
with
concern
关切地
show
concern
about/for
对……表示担心/关心
①As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
the
idea
is
crazy.
我认为这个想法很疯狂。
②In
fact,
John
has
never
been
concerned
about
what
others
think
of
him.
实际上，John从不关心别人对他有什么看法。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)My
teacher
is
looking
at
me
________
concern.
(2)Several
parents
showed
their
great
concern
________
their
children's
safety
at
school.
(3)The
meeting
was
concerned
____________
the
system
reforms
and
everyone
present
was
concerned
________
their
own
interests.
(4)What
________
(concern)
me
is
our
lack
of
preparation
for
the
change.
(5)The
________
(忧心忡忡的家长)
were
all
________
(担心)
the
children's
safety.
(6)________________
(就我而言),
reading
English
newspapers
is
of
great
help
to
our
English
study.
(7)Please
come
here
on
time.
The
matter
________________
(与……有关)
all
of
you.
语境助记：
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
leaders
should
be
concerned
about
the
problem
that
is
concerned
with
the
living
conditions
of
their
staff.
就我而言，领导应该关心与他们的职工的生活条件相关的问题。
4.urge
v．敦促；竭力主张；强烈要求 n．强烈的欲望；冲动
urge
sb.
to
do
sth.
力劝/敦促某人做某事
urge
that...
力劝/敦促……
an
urge
to
do
sth.
做某事的冲动
①He
had
a
sudden
urge
to
design
a
poster
personally.
他突然有亲自设计一个海报的欲望。
②The
club
urged
that
every
member
should
take
an
active
part
in
this
activity.
这个俱乐部强烈要求每一个成员都积极参加这个活动。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)China
urges
the
relevant
parties
________________
(keep)
calm
and
adopt
a
responsible
attitude.
(2)They
might
then
urge
their
parents
and
other
people
________
(give)
up
smoking,
too.
(3)I
have
an
________
(urge)
message.
Call
me
back
as
soon
as
possible.
(4)Teachers
urged
parents
________________
(不要允许)
their
children
under
12
to
ride
bicycles
to
school
for
safety.
(5)My
teacher
urged
that
________________________
(我们在课下时应多做运动)．
联想拓展：
(1)urge后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
(2)urgent
adj.紧急的；急切的
urgently
adv.紧急地；迫切地
urgency
n．紧急，紧迫
5．contribute
v．促成；造成(某事发生)；捐赠；贡献；投稿
contribute
(...)
to/towards
(把……)捐献/贡献给
contribute
to...
是……的原因之一；导致……；有助于
contribute
(sth.)
to
(sth.)
(为……)撰稿(……)；(向……)投稿(……)
make
a
contribution/contributions
to/towards...
为……作贡献
①The
Song
Dynasty
contributed
three
great
inventions
to
the
world.
宋朝为世界贡献了三项伟大的发明。
②Every
one
of
us
should
make
a
contribution
to
our
society.
我们每个人都应该为社会作贡献。
[即学即练] 写出下列句中contribute的含义
(1)She
contributed
a
number
of
articles
to
the
magazine.________
(2)Alcohol
contributes
to
many
deaths
a
year
in
this
country.________
(3)The
volunteers
contribute
much
time
to
the
activity.________
单句语法填空
(4)What
does
archaeology
have
to
contribute
________
modern
society?
(5)The
girl
is
intelligent
and
often
contributes
________
that
newspaper.
(6)He
got
promoted
for
his
________
(contribute)
to
the
company.
(7)The
famous
writer
is
one
of
the
several
authors
________
(contribute)
to
the
book.
图形助记：
Qian
Xuesen
contributed
greatly
to
the
development
of
the
space
industry.
钱学森为航天工业的发展做出了巨大贡献。
联想拓展：
表示“造成”的短语：
result
in导致；造成
lead
to导致；造成
bring
about导致；引起
6．average
adj.平均数的 n．平均数；平均水平
on
(the/an)
average
平均
all
average
of
平均有……
above
average
平均水平以上
below
average
平均水平以下
the
average
of...
……的平均数
the
average
rainfall
of...
……的平均降雨量
all
average
age
of...
……的平均年龄
average
build/height
平均身高
the
average
size
平均大小
①My
English
is
above
average.我的英语在平均水平之上。
②On
average,
each
member
earns
$5
per
hour.
平均起来，每个成员每小时赚5美元。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The
province's
rainfall
this
year
is
________
average.
Many
plants
are
short
of
water
and
have
been
dead.
(2)________
average,
90%
of
students
per
class
in
this
school
are
experienced
in
studying
maths.
(3)Last
year
was
the
warmest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68℃
________
the
average.
语境助记：
There
were
35
students
getting
full
marks
in
the
exam,
an
average
of
5
students
in
each
class.
Jack
scored
above
average,
while
John,
his
classmate,
scored
below
average.
在这次考试中，有35名学生得了满分，平均每个班有5人。杰克得分高于平均分，而他的同学约翰得分低于平均分。
7．take
steps
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事
step
up
加紧，加强，促进；走上前去
step
aside
让位，退位
step
by
step
逐步地
out
of
step
不合拍，不一致
mind/watch
your
step
走路小心；言行小心
It's
high
time
that
we
should
take
steps
to
protect
our
environment.
到了我们应该采取措施保护环境的时候了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The
wild
population
of
koalas
is
in
danger
of
dying
out,
so
we
should
take
steps
________
(protect)
them.
(2)The
earth
is
so
heavily
polluted.
It
is
time
for
us
to
take
measures
________
(protect)
the
environment.
(3)Firefighters
took
action
immediately
________
(stop)
the
fire
spreading.
(4)Jack
stepped
________
his
pace
because
he
didn't
want
to
be
late
again.
联想拓展：
take
measures
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事
take
action
to
do
sth.采取行动做某事
8.take...
into
account把……考虑进去(＝take
account
of)
account
for
是……的原因，解释；(在数量或比例上)占
gave
sb.
a
(full)
account
of
(详细)描述……
open/close
an
account
开户/销户
on
all
accounts
无论如何
on
account
of
因为，由于
Everything
taken
into
account,
it's
the
best
choice.
一切因素考虑在内，这是最好的选择了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Coursework
is
taken
________
account
as
well
as
exam
results.
(2)She
has
the
habit
of
keeping
an
account
________
her
daily
activities.
(3)It
is
said
that
body
language
accounts
________
55
per
cent
of
a
first
impression
while
what
you
say
just
7
per
cent.
(4)The
poor
weather
may
have
______________
(是……的原因)
the
increase
in
the
number
of
people
who
cough
day
and
night.
(5)He
was
too
shocked
to
________
(描述)
what
had
happened.
联想拓展：
on
no
account决不(在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
?第二版块：重点句型解构
1．(教材原句)However,
making
a
paper
bag
uses
four
times
as
much
energy
as
making
a
plastic
bag
and
up
to
three
times
the
amount
of
water.
然而，制造纸袋所消耗的能量是塑料袋的四倍、用水量达到它的三倍。
句型解构：本句four
times
as
much
as...为倍数的表达方法。倍数表达有以下几种形式：
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＋其他
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than＋其他
(3)倍数＋the＋size/height/weight/length/width/depth...＋of＋其他
(4)倍数＋what从句
The
road
is
four
times
as
long
as
it
was
three
years
ago.
＝The
road
is
four
times
the
length
of
it
three
years
ago.
＝The
length
of
the
road
is
four
times
what
it
was
three
years
ago.
＝The
road
is
three
times
longer
than
it
was
three
years
ago.
这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Peter's
jacket
looked
just
the
same
as
Jack's,
but
it
cost
twice
________
much
as
his.
(2)This
department
is
twice
________
(big)
than
that
one.
(3)Our
manager
presented
a
report
three
times
the
________
(long)
of
mine.
联想拓展：
(1)上述结构中的“倍数”部分也可用分数、百分数代替。
(2)表示两倍时，一般用twice/double；times表示“倍数”，一般用于表示三倍或三倍以上。
2.(教材原句)It
is
the
production
of
food,
not
its
transport,
that
uses
most
of
the
energy
and
produces
most
of
the
greenhouse
gases.
食物的生产，而不是运输，消耗了大部分的能源，产生了大部分的温室气体。
句型结构：该句子主干It
is
the
production
of
food
that
uses
most
of
the
energy
and
produces
most
of
the
greenhouse
gases.为强调句，强调主语the
production
of
food。
(1)强调句型的结构：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
(2)一般疑问句：Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分？
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？
(3)not...
until...
的强调句型：It
is/was
not
until...
that＋其他部分。
①It
was
in
the
living
room
that
Mary
argued
with
her
husband.
Mary是在客厅与她的丈夫发生争论的。
②Was
it
yesterday
that
the
building
was
damaged?
这座建筑是在昨天被毁坏的吗？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Who
was
it
________
lost
patience
with
you?
(2)________
was
because
Jack
got
up
late
that
he
missed
the
ferry.
(3)It
was
not
until
the
professor
came
________
they
began
the
test.
(4)It
was
the
professor
________
helped
me
a
lot
when
I
was
at
university.
(5)It
is
all
of
us
that
________
(have)
a
responsibility
to
protect
the
environment.
句型转换
I
met
an
old
deskmate
at
the
railway
station
yesterday.
(6)强调主语：________________________________________________________________________
(7)强调宾语：________________________________________________________________________
(8)强调地点状语：________________________________________________________________________
(9)强调时间状语：________________________________________________________________________
错误提示：
(1)强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替。
(2)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(3)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。
要点必记：
判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it
is/was与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
What's
really
green?
Most
of
us
are
aware
that
we
must
take
care
of①
the
environment,
and
the
majority②
of
us
take
steps
to
save③
energy
and
reduce
waste
and
pollution.
But
recently,
some
“green
truths”
have
been
shown
to
be
only
half④
true,
or
even
completely
false.
Here
are
some
common
ones.
Which
are
really
green?
？
Paper
shopping
bags
are
better
than
plastic
ones.
Plastic
bags
cause
litter
and
are
a
danger
to
wild
animals,
which
mistake
them
for⑤
food.
It
takes
hundreds
of
years
for
plastic
to
break
down⑥
【1】，
but
much
less
time
for
paper.
Because
of
this,
people
think
paper
bags
are
the
better
environmental
choice.
【1】此处是“It
takes
some
time
for
sb./sth.
to
do
sth.”句型，表示“做某事花费……多少时间”。
However,
making
a
paper
bag
uses
four
times
as
much
energy
as
making
a
plastic
bag
and
up
to⑦
three
times
the
amount⑧
of
water
【2】.
The
process
also
produces
more
greenhouse
gases⑨.
In
fact,
both
kinds
of
bags
are
bad
for
the
environment.
So,
take
a
reusable⑩
bag
with
you
when
you
go
shopping.
【2】v.?ing短语making
a
paper
bag作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式；four
times
as
much
energy
as...是“倍数＋as...as...”结构的倍数表达法，three
times
the
amount
of
water是“倍数＋the
amount/size/heigh/weigh/length/...＋of...”结构的倍数表达法。
?
When
you
turn
off
a
device,
it
stops
using
power?.
When
we
turn
off
a
device,
such
as
television,
it
goes
into
stand?by
mode?.
Devices
in
this
mode
still
use
power,
and
older
devices
in
stand?by
mode
can
use
even
more.
This
happens
because
electricity
continues
to
leak?
from
the
device,
even
when
it
is
turned
“off”.
To
make
sure?
your
appliance?
is
in
fact
off,
remove?
the
plug
from
its
power
supply?.
?
Eating
local
food
is
good
for
the
environment.
It
seems
like
common
sense?：
eating
local
food
should
be
better
for
the
environment,
because
it
does
not
need
to
be
transported
long
distances
and
kept
cold
during
transport.
Unfortunately,
it
is
not
that
simple.
It
is
the
production
of
food,
not
its
transport,
that
uses
most
of
the
energy
and
produces
most
of
the
greenhouse
gases
【3】.
In
some
cases?，
local
produce
might
have
used?
more
energy
and
produced
more
greenhouse
gases
than
produce
grown
a
long
way
away—even
taking
into
account
its
transport
【4】．
【3】本句是强调句型，即“It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”。本句强调的是主语the
production
of
food。
【4】现在分词短语taking
into
account
its
transport作让步状语。
?
It's
better
to
take
a
shower
than
a
bath.
It
depends
on
how
long
you
spend
in
the
shower
and
how
large
your
bath
is.
If
you
spend
more
than
eight
minutes
in
a
shower,
you'll
use
as
much
water
as
in
a
bath—about
50
litres
of
water.
Therefore,
the
key
is
to
keep
your
shower
time
as
short
as
possible.
Environmental
awareness
is
now
part
of
daily
life.
But
it's
worth
checking
common
ideas
and
opinions
to
see
what's
really
green
【5】．
【5】此处是“It's
worth
doing
sth.”句型，表示“做某事是值得的”。不定式to
see
what's
really
green作目的状语。
[词语积累]
①take
care
of照顾，照料，爱护
[近义]look
after
care
for
②majority/m?'d??r?ti/n.多数，大多数(人或物)
③take
steps
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事
④half
熟词生义 adv.部分地
⑤mistake...for...把……错当成……
⑥break
down分解；(机械等)出故障；(人)身体出毛病，垮掉
⑦up
to到达(某数量、程度等)，至多有
⑧amount/?'ma?nt/n.数量，数额
⑨greenhouse
gases温室气体
⑩reusable
adj.可再度使用的；可多次使用的
?stop
doing
sth.停止做某事
stop
to
do
sth.停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事
?stand?by
mode待机模式
stand?by/'st?ndba?/adj.备用的
mode/m??d/n.(机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式
?leak/li?k/v.(使)漏，(使)渗漏
?make
sure确保，设法保证
?appliance/?'pla??ns/n.家用电器，家用器具
?remove/r?'mu?v/v.移走，搬走，去掉
remove...from...把……从……移走/去掉
?the
power
supply电源
?common
sense
n．[U]常识
?in
some
cases在某些情况下
?might
have
done过去可能做过某事
take
sth.
into
account考虑到某事，顾及某事(sth.可后置)
什么是真正的环保？
我们大多数人都知道，我们必须爱护环境，大部分人也会采取措施来节约能源，减少浪费与污染。不过，最近有一些“环保真理”被证明并不完全正确，甚至是完全错误的。这里有一些常见的“环保真理”，哪些才是真正环保的呢？
？纸购物袋比塑料购物袋好。
塑料袋会造成垃圾，给误将其当作食物的野生动物带来危险。塑料需要几百年的时间才能分解，但纸张分解所需的时间则少得多。因此，人们认为纸袋是更好的环保选择。
但是，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍，生产过程也会产生更多的温室气体。
实际上，这两种袋子对环境都是有害的，所以去购物的时候最好携带可重复使用的袋子。
？关闭设备以后，它就停止用电了。
我们关闭设备时，比如电视，它就会进入待机模式。这种模式下的设备仍然在用电，而且越陈旧的设备，在待机模式下耗电越多。发生这种情况的原因是，即使“关闭”以后，设备还在继续漏电。要确保电器彻底关闭，就得从电源上拔下插头。
？吃当地食物对环境有益。
这似乎是常识：吃当地食物会对环境更好，因为当地食物不需要长途运输，也不需要在运输期间冷藏。可惜，事实没那么简单。大部分的能源消耗和温室气体产生源于食物的生产，而非运输过程。在某些情况下，当地农产品可能比遥远地方种植的产品消耗更多的能源，产生更多的温室气体，哪怕把运输因素考虑进去也是如此。
？淋浴比泡澡好。
这取决于你的淋浴时间，以及你的浴缸有多大。如果你一次淋浴超过8分钟，所用的水将和泡澡的水一样多——大约50升。因此，关键在于尽可能缩短淋浴时间。
环保意识现在是日常生活的一部分。但是，(我们)应该核实一下人们公认的想法和意见，看看什么才是真正的环保之道。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As
we
know,
China
has
become
the
largest
trading
partner
for
the
________
(大多数)
of
its
neighbors.
2．Though
________
(敦促)
to
go
to
bed
many
times,
the
little
boy
just
turned
a
deaf
ear
and
fixed
his
eyes
on
the
cartoon.
3．It
seems
that
water
from
this
tap
has
been
________
(漏)
for
several
hours.
I
have
to
have
this
tap
fixed.
4．________
(去除)
the
mud
from
your
shoes
before
coming
in,
or
you
will
make
the
floor
dirty.
5．Sometimes
smiles
can
be
f________，
hiding
other
feelings
like
anger,
fear
or
worry.
6．Don't
leave
the
lights
on
all
day
long.
It
is
a
waste
of
e________.
7．The
organization
has
decided
to
launch
a
c________
to
raise
money
for
the
poor
in
the
city.
8．According
to
the
media,
after
the
museum
opened
to
the
public,
the
number
of
visitors
every
day
reached
30,000
on
a________.
Ⅱ.选词填空(可变换形式)
take...into
account，
make
use
of，
contribute
to，
call
on，
carry
out，
depend
on，
break
down，
come
up
with，
turn
off，
environmentally
friendly
1．The
Eco
Club
decides
to
________________
a
survey
at
the
start
and
end
of
the
day
to
record
how
people
go
to
work.
2．It
may
be
fairly
cheap
to
buy,
but
the
money
you'll
spend
on
the
repair
also
needs
to
________________.
3．Some
waste
is
difficult
to
________________，
so
carrying
out
the
household
waste
classification
is
quite
necessary.
4．Please
tell
Tom
not
to
leave
the
classroom
unless
he
makes
sure
that
all
the
lights
are
________________.
5．He's
not
very
reliable.
You
can't
always
________________
him
to
do
what
he
promises.
6．We
________________
people
to
learn
from
Lei
Feng,
who
sets
a
good
example
to
all
of
us.
7．Whoever
________________
a
new
idea
of
how
to
work
out
the
puzzle
will
be
given
a
prize.
8．The
project
will
________________
developing
the
economy
and
reducing
poverty
when
it
is
completed.
9．This
car
is
________________
because
it
runs
on
electricity
instead
of
gasoline.
10．The
teacher
suggested
that
spare
time
should
________________
to
improve
our
spoken
English.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．许多年轻人是TFBOYS的忠实粉丝。
Many
young
people
________________________
of
TFBOYS.
2．歌手韩红热衷于公益事业。
Singer
Han
Hong
________________________
charity.
3．他毫无保留地将所有的积蓄都借给我。
He
lent
all
his
deposit
to
me
________________________.
4．采纳长者的建议是明智的。
________________________
an
elder's
advice.
5．这对热心肠的夫妇决定收养那个可怜的孩子。
The
warm?hearted
couple
decided
____________________.
6．政府将污染气体的排放降低了百分之十。
The
government
______________
the
emission
of
polluted
gas
________________.
7．是我的老师帮助我走出困境。
____________
my
teacher
____________
helped
me
get
out
of
trouble.
8．众所周知努力才会成功。
________________________
hard
work
will
contribute
to
your
success.
9．人们平均每天应该保持八个小时的睡眠。
________________，
people
should
sleep
eight
hours
a
day.
10．电影《狮子王》确实值得一看。
The
movie
The
Lion
King
________________________.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
It's
well
known
that
it's
important
to
protect
the
environment,
and
the
majority
of
people
try
their
best
1.________
(save)
energy
and
reduce
waste
and
pollution.
However,
some
“green
2.________
(truth)”
have
been
shown
to
be
only
half
true,
or
even
3.________
(complete)
false.
?
Paper
shopping
bags
are
better
than
plastic
ones.
It
seems
like
common
sense
that
plastic
bags
are
hard
to
break
down
and
do
harm
to
the
environment
but
paper
bags
are
just
the
opposite
(完全相反).
However,
making
a
paper
bag
uses
4.________
(much)
energy
and
water
than
making
a
plastic
bag.
The
process
also
produces
more
greenhouse
gases.
So,
next
time,
when
5.________
(go)
shopping,
you'd
better
take
a
reusable
bag
with
you.
?
When
you
turn
off
a
device,
it
stops
using
power.
When
a
device
6.________
(turn)
off,
such
as
television,
it
still
uses
power.
This
is
because
electricity
continues
to
leak
from
the
device.
To
make
sure
your
appliance
is
in
fact
off,
remove
the
plug
7.________
its
power
supply.
?
Eating
local
food
is
good
for
the
environment.
Many
people
believe
that
eating
local
food
should
be
better
for
the
environment,
because
it
does
not
need
to
be
transported
long
distances.
As
8.________
matter
of
fact,
it
is
the
production
of
food,
not
its
transport,
9.________
uses
most
of
the
energy.
?
It's
better
to
take
a
shower
than
a
bath.
It
depends
on
how
long
you
spend
in
the
shower
and
how
large
your
bath
is.
Therefore,
the
key
is
to
keep
10.________
(you)
shower
time
as
short
as
possible.
Section
Ⅳ Developing
ideas,
Presenting
ideas
&
Reflection新知探索·自主学习
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．majority 2.false 3.amount
4．electricity 5.remove 6.campaign
7．urge 8.concerned 9.contribute
10．average
Ⅱ.阅读单词
1．设备；仪器；装置 2.备用的 3.(机器、设备的)运行方式；状态；模式 4.(使)漏，(使)渗漏
5．家用电器；家用器具 6.(电)插头 7.升，公升 8.(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．up
to 2.be
bad
for 3.be
good
for
4．break
down 5.take...
into
account
6．depend
on 7.被用来做某事 8.把……错当成…… 9.远离 10.关闭；截断
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．making
a
paper
bag;
four
times
as;
as
2．It
is;
that
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅰ.文本整体理解：理解文章结构
1．half 2.false 3.bad 4.stand?by
5．Production 6.better
Ⅱ.文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息
1．B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B
知识探究·讲练互动
第一版块
1．(1)are (2)is;
are (3)has/have
(4)the
majority
of
the
members
are
against
it
2．(1)remove
his
doubt (2)removed
his
dark
glasses (3)was
removed
from
3．(1)with (2)about (3)with;
about
(4)concerns (5)concerned
parents;
concerned
about (6)As
far
as
I
am
concerned (7)is
concerned
with
4．(1)to
keep/(should)
keep (2)to
give (3)urgent (4)not
to
allow/(should)
not
allow (5)we
(should)
do
more
exercise
after
class
5．(1)投稿 (2)造成；导致 (3)贡献 (4)to
(5)to (6)contributions (7)contributing
6．(1)below (2)On (3)above
7．(1)to
protect (2)to
protect (3)to
stop (4)up
8．(1)into (2)of (3)for (4)accounted
for
(5)give
an
account
of
第二版块
1．(1)as (2)bigger (3)length
2．(1)that (2)It (3)that (4)that/who (5)have
(6)It
was
I
that/who
met
an
old
deskmate
at
the
railway
station
yesterday.
(7)It
was
an
old
deskmate
that
I
met
at
the
railway
station
yesterday.
(8)It
was
at
the
railway
station
that
I
met
an
old
deskmate
yesterday.
(9)It
was
yesterday
that
I
met
an
old
deskmate
at
the
railway
station.
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．majority 2.urged 3.leaking 4.Remove
5．false 6.electricity 7.campaign
8．average
Ⅱ.选词填空(可变换形式)
1．carry
out 2.be
taken
into
account
3．break
down 4.turned
off 5.depend
on 6.call
on 7.comes
up
with 8.contribute
to
9．environmentally
friendly 10.be
made
use
of
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．are
devoted
fans 2.is
devoted
to
3．without
reserve 4.It
is
wise
to
adopt
5．to
adopt
the
poor
child 6.has
reduced;
by
10
percent 7.It
was;
who 8.It
is
known
to
us
that 9.On
average 10.is
really
worth
seeing
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．to
save 2.truths 3.completely 4.more
5．going 6.is
turned 7.from 8.a 9.that
10．your
PAGEUnit
6
Earth
first
Section
Ⅴ Writing—倡议书
一、常用表达
第一段：提出问题
1．________________
(毫无疑问)
food
waste
has
become
a
serious
problem
on
campus.
2．The
habitats
of
some
animals
are
disappearing
____________
(因为)
pollution
and
climate
change.
3．We
are
writing
this
letter
to
raise
your
awareness
of
________________
(垃圾分类)．
4．We
________________
(担心)
the
environment
will
be
more
and
more
terrible
as
pollution
and
waste
increase.
第二段：解决方法
5．We
should
refuse
to
waste
food,
and
try
to
______________
(养成……的习惯)
never
ordering
more
than
______________
(我们需要的)
to
save
our
food.
6．From
my
point
of
view,
the
earth
is
home
to
every
individual,
and
________________
(……是我们的责任)
to
protect
the
environment
voluntarily.
7．For
the
sake
of
our
environment
and
life,
we
are
expected
to
learn
to
classify
garbage
and
________________
(使之成为习惯)．
8．Many
effective
measures
have
been
taken
to
______________
(处理)
air
pollution
by
the
government.
9．In
addition,
don't
throw
rubbish
around
and
______________
(拒绝使用)
once?off
chopsticks
and
plastic
bags.
10．Whenever
we
leave
classroms
or
our
homes,
__________________
(确保)
the
lights
and
the
electrical
equipment
have
been
________________
(关掉)．
11．More
importantly,
when
we
go
out,
walking,
riding
bikes
or
taking
buses
should
be
our
first
choice,
which
____________________
(有助于)
building
a
cleaner
world.
12．Besides,
related
rules
and
regulations
________________
(应该)
be
made
to
punish
those
who
waste
things.
第三段：结尾句
13．Only
by
________________
(照顾好)
the
earth
today,
tomorrow
will
be
more
beautiful.
14．Let's
all
take
action
now!
If
we
can
________________
(做一些小改变)
in
our
way
of
life,
the
earth
can
be
cleaner
and
healthier.
15．Every
individual
can
________________
(起作用)
and
let's
bring
a
brighter
future
for
the
planet!
16．By
sorting
waste,
we
can
________________
(不但减少污染)
but
also
conserve
energy,
which
will
pave
the
way
for
recycling
of
valuable
resources.
二、书面表达
(一)
假定你是李华，最近“光盘行动”在社会上很受欢迎，所以你准备写一份倡议书，在校英语报上发表，鼓励你校的学生也积极参与“光盘行动”，杜绝食物浪费。内容包括：
1．光盘行动的目的；
2．校园内的食物浪费现象；
3．具体倡议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear
fellow
students，
I'm
Li
Hua.
Recently,
the
“Clear
Your
Plate”
campaign
has
become
more
and
more
popular
in
our
society,
which
1.________________
(aim)
reducing
waste
and
raising
people's
awareness
of
saving
food.
The
campaign
2.________________
(attention)
to
food
waste
on
campus.
In
our
school
some
students
are
noticed
to
3.________________
(throw)
a
lot
of
food
in
the
canteen.
They
dump
leftovers
without
4.________________
(guilty).
5.________________
(doubt)
food
waste
has
become
a
serious
problem
on
campus.
In
order
to
improve
the
situation,
we
should
say
“No”
to
food
waste,
and
try
to
6.________________
(habit)
never
buying
more
than
what
we
need
so
as
to
save
our
limited
food
resources.
What's
more,
we'd
better
try
to
eat
up
all
the
food
we
buy.
It's
7.________________
(duty,
save).
So
let's
take
action
to
create
a
better
world.
Thank
you!
(二)
假定你是某中学高一学生会主席李华，你们学校被选定为垃圾分类试点单位。请你根据以下要点写一份倡议书，倡议全体同学垃圾分类，并向校英文报投稿，写作要点包括：
1．介绍主题；
2．提出建议；
3．垃圾分类的意义。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：试点单位experimental
unit;
可回收利用的recyclable
Dear
fellow
students，
______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank
you!
Section
Ⅴ Writing—倡议书
一、常用表达
1．There
is
no
doubt
that 2.because
of/due
to 3.garbage
classification 4.are
concerned/worried
that 5.develop
the
habit
of;
what
we
need 6.it's
our
duty 7.make
it
a
habit 8.deal
with 9.refuse
to
use
10．make
sure
(that);
turned
off
11．contributes
to 12.should/are
supposed
to
13．taking
good
care
of 14.make
some
small
changes 15.make
a
difference 16.not
only
reduce
pollution
二、书面表达
(一)
1．is
aimed
at 2.draws
my
attention
3．throw
away 4.feeling
guilty 5.There
is
no
doubt
that 6.develop/form
the
habit
of 7.our
duty
to
save
food
(二)
【审题构思】 这是一份倡议书。倡议书的语言应简洁明了，用词精准，内容明确。根据内容提示可知，写作主要分为三部分：倡议的主题、对垃圾分类提出建议以及垃圾分类的意义。本文的时态应以一般
现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。同学们在写作时要注意主谓一致，并使用恰当的连接词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。
【范文赏读】
Dear
fellow
students，
I'm
Li
Hua.
Our
school
has
been
selected
as
one
of
the
experimental
units
for
garbage
classification.
Therefore,
it's
our
duty
to
carry
out
the
program.
In
order
to
achieve
a
good
result,
I'd
like
to
suggest
that
different
kinds
of
garbage
should
be
sorted
out
and
placed
in
different
dustbins.
For
example,
paper
can
be
sorted
into
the
recyclable,
while
leftovers
that
can
be
collected
as
food
for
pigs
or
processed
as
fertilizer
for
plants
are
kitchen
waste.
What's
more,
poisonous
things
such
as
used
batteries
should
not
be
mixed
with
other
garbage.
The
program
is
of
great
benefit.
We
will
be
able
to
save
resources
by
making
use
of
recyclable
garbage
and
poisonous
things
will
not
pollute
our
environment
after
special
treatment.
So
let's
work
together
to
make
our
campus
more
beautiful.
Thank
you!
【亮点点击】 范文内容完整，段落清晰，语言规范，语篇连贯。文中使用了一些高级词汇，如be
selected
as,
carry
out,
sort
out,
be
mixed
with,
be
of
great
benefit,
make
use
of；还使用了高级的表达方式，如while
leftovers
that
can
be
collected
as
food
for
pigs
or
processed
as
fertilizer
for
plants
are
kitchen
waste中while连接并列句，that引导定语从句。
