中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
12
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模块小结
要点1
have
trouble
doing
sth.
做某事有困难。
in
trouble的用法
(be)
in
trouble意为“遇上麻烦;处于困境”,此时trouble作名词,意为“麻烦;困境”。
trouble也可作动词,意为“使焦急;使苦恼;麻烦”
【拓展】
辨析be
in
trouble
与get
into
trouble
be
in
trouble
表示状态,一般表示已经有麻烦;
get
into
trouble是一个动作或过程,意为“惹上麻烦,陷入麻烦,闯祸”,多用于还没发生的情况。
【典例分析】
1.
Don't
trouble
trouble
until
trouble
troubles
you.(翻译,说明每个trouble的意思)
2.
Linda
is
kind.
She
always
helps
me
when
I'm
________.
A.
in
peace???
?
B.
at
home??????
C.
at
work???????
D.
in
trouble
3.It's
so
rude
to
laugh
at
people
who
are
______________.
They
need
your
help.
A.?by
air????????????????????????????B.?in
order????????????????????????????C.?in
silence????????????????????????????D.?in
trouble
4.
Tom
has
trouble
________
Chinese
and
I
often
help
him
________
it.
A.in
understand;
/
B.to
understand;
with
C.understanding;
about
D.understanding;
with
5.—
How
is
your
English
study?
—Not
bad.
But
I_______
learning
English
grammar.
A.
am
interested
in
B.
am
good
at
C.
have
a
little
trouble
D.
have
no
trouble
6.
They
had
trouble
__________(get)
to
the
top
of
the
mountain
because
of
the
rain.
7.没有人想惹麻烦。
Nobody
likes
to_________
__________
______________.
要点2
such...that...
如此……以至于……
【考点分析】★区别such...that
与so...that
用法
句型
例句
such...that
用来强调名词
such
a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that从句such+adj.+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句
He
has
such
good
parents
that
he
is
happy
every
day.他有那么好的父母以至于他每天都快乐。
so...that
用来强调形容词或副词
so+adj./adv./+that从句so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
He's
so
young
that
he
can't
go
to
school.他那么小,还不能去上学。
【典例分析】
1.
The
man
is
______________
hungry
_______________
he
can’t
say
a
word.
A.
too
;
to
B.
enough
;
to
C.
so
;
that
D.
such
;
that
2.
You
can
hear
______________
much
noise
_____________
you
can’t
fall
asleep
at
night.
A.
too
;
to
B.
enough
;
to
C.
so
;
that
D.
that
3.
It
was
________
a
fine
day
________
we
had
a
good
time
in
the
countryside.
A.so;
that
B.such;
that
C.too;
to
D.enough;
to
4.
It's
______________
interesting
book
that
we
all
like
it.
A.such
an
B.so
an
C.such
a
D.so
a
5.
她说得那么快,我几乎听不清她所说的话。
She
spoke
____________
fast
____________
I
could
___________
hear
what
she
said
clearly.
6.为了让大家可以明白,他说得很慢。
He
spoke
slowly
________
________
everyone
________
________.
7.
我激动得睡不着。
I
was
________
________
___________
I
couldn’t
fall
asleep.
I
was
________
________
__________
fall
asleep.
要点3
keep
calm
保持冷静
keep
clear
of
不靠近,避开,不接触
【考点分析】①keep在这是连系动词,意为“保持;留在”,其后跟形容词构成系表结构。常用于以下结构:
(1)“keep+形容词”表示“保持某种状态”。
Please
keep
quiet.请保持安静。
(2)“keep+sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人/某物保持某种状态”。
We
should
keep
the
classroom
clean.
我们应该保持教室干净。
(3)“keep+sb./sth.+介词短语”表示“让某人/某物……”。
Her
mother
keeps
her
at
home
at
night.
晚上她妈妈让她呆在家里。
(4)“keep
sb./sth.
doing
sth.”表示“让某人/某物一直做某事”。
I'm
very
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting.
对不起,让你久等了。
(5)keep还可以作实义动词,意为“保管;饲养;坚持”等。
She
kept
a
dog
when
she
was
young.
当她年轻的时候,她饲养了一条狗。
【典例分析】
1.
你认为我们青少年应该远离网络吗?
Do
you
think
we
teenagers
should
__________
_____________
__________
the
Internet?
2.
使劲跑,别停!
Just
__________
__________,
don’t
stop!
3.
我们要尽力保持卧室清洁整齐。
We
should
try
to
__________
the
bedroom
__________
and
tidy.
4.
对不起,让你久等了。
I’m
sorry
for
keeping
you
__________
for
such
a
long
time.
5.
疾风阻止我们去上学。
The
strong
wind
keeps
us
__________
__________
to
school.
6.这条白线是用来警告人们不许靠近的。
The
white
line
is
used
for
_________
_________
_____________.
7.为了学好英语,你必须用英语写日记。
In
order
to
learn
English
well,
you
must
_____________
_________
__________
in
English.
8.记得经常保持联络。
Remember_________
_________
_______
________
_________each
other
often.
9.别掉队,跟上别人!
Don’t
fall
behind,________
________
_________
others.
10.我们要将安全永远放在心上。
We
must
________
safety
___________
_________
forever.
11.大雨使我们踢不了球。
The
heavy
rain
___________
us
___________
___________
football.
12.The
flies
are
so
terrible.
Please
________.
A.
keep
it
away
B.
keep
them
away
C.
keep
away
them
D.
keep
away
it
13.
As
we
all
know,
it’s
not
polite
to
keep
others_________
for
a
long
time.
A.
wait
B.
waited
C.
to
wait
D.
waiting
14.It's
hot
inside.
Why
not
keep
the
door
__________?
A.opened
B.opening
C.to
open
D.open
要点4
broken
(1)
broken是形容词,意为“打破的;碎了的;坏了的”。例如:
The
room
whose
window
is
broken
is
our
classroom.
那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。
(1)
broken还可作为动词break的过去分词,break的过去式为broke。例如:
Be
careful,
or
you’ll
break
the
cup.小心,否则你会打碎杯子。
A
thief
had
broken
the
window
of
my
uncle’s
house
before
we
got
there.
在我们到达之前一个小偷已经打破了我叔叔家的窗户。
【拓展】break的相关固定搭配:
(1)break
down
意为“(机器)坏了;(计划、谈判)失败;(谈话、通讯)中断等”。
We
are
sorry
to
arrive
late,
because
the
car
broke
down.
很抱歉我们来晚了,由于车坏了。
Negotiations
between
the
two
sides
have
broken
down.
双方的谈判已经破裂。
(2)break
into
表示“破门而入;打断(谈话)”。
I
caught
two
men
trying
to
break
into
the
office.
我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。
(3)break
out
表示“(战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发
”。
World
War
II
broke
out
in
September
1939.
第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
(4)break
up
表示“散会,(学期)结束”等。
When
does
school
break
up?
本学期什么时候结束?
【典例分析】
1.
His
race
car
________
halfway.
He
had
to
give
up
the
race.
A.broke
out
B.broke
into
C.broke
up
D.broke
down
2.There
are
lots
of
________
bottles
on
the
road.
A.break
B.broke
C.broken
D.breaking
要点5
drop
(1)作不及物动词,意为“掉下,落下,下降,减弱”。例如:
The
apple
dropped
from
the
tree
to
the
ground.
苹果从树上掉到地上。
The
ball
dropped
out
of
his
hand.
球从他手里掉了下来。
Prices
dropped.
物价下跌了。
(2)作及物动词,意为“使掉下,使落下”。例如:
Mary
dropped
the
vase
on
the
floor.
玛丽失手把花瓶掉在地板上。
(3)
作及物动词,意为“放弃”。例如:
You
must
drop
smoking
(the
bad
habit).
你必须戒烟(戒除这个坏习惯)。
【拓展】
drop
in
/around探望,串门。例如:
Please
drop
in
to
see
us
if
you
are
in
Bradford.
如果你到布拉福特,请顺便来看看我们。
My
sister
dropped
around
last
night.
昨晚我姐姐顺便来看了我。
【注意】
drop
in(顺便拜访)是不及物动词短语,其后不能接宾语。若语义上需要接宾语,根据情况可用on(针对人)或at(针对地方)。例如:
She
dropped
in
at
his
office.
她去了他的办公室找他。
I
thought
I’d
drop
in
on
you
while
I
was
passing.
我曾想路过时就来看看你。
要点6
make
sure
make
sure=be
sure,意思是“确信”,它的后面可以用宾语从句,也可以用动词不定式。
(1)
be
sure
of
sth.
对某事很确定
I
am
sure
of
his
guilt.我确定他有罪。
I
am
sure
of
his
coming.
我确定他会来。
(2)
be
sure
to
do
sth.
一定会做某事
I
am
sure
to
close
the
window
after
school.
放学后我一定会关窗的。
I
am
sure
to
help
you
tomorrow.我明天一定会帮你。
(3)
be
sure
that+从句
对某事很确定
I
am
sure
that
he
will
achieve
his
goal.
我确定他会实现目标的。
He
is
sure
that
his
mother
will
come
to
see
him
this
afternoon.
他确信今天下午他妈妈会来看他。
【典例分析】
1.选词填空make
sure/be
sure
(to)
1)I
Mr.
Liu
is
right.
2)
that
you
have
got
the
tickets.
3)
come
to
my
party
next
week.
2.________
to
close
the
windows
before
you
go
out.
A.Making
sure
B.Is
sure
C.Make
sure
D.Sure
要点7
cover
(1)cover作动词,意为“包含;包括;涉及;盖;遮盖;报道”,在句中作谓语。例如:
The
lectures
covered
a
lot
of
subjects.
这些讲座涉及的内容极为广泛。
The
survey
covers
all
aspects
of
the
business.
调查包括这个企业的各个方面。
Please
cover
the
bowl
with
a
piece
of
paper.
请用纸把碗盖上。
This
year’s
Beijing
Music
Awards
will
be
covered
live.
今年的北京音乐大奖赛将进行现场直播。
(2)cover作名词,“封面;盖子”,在句中作主语或宾语。例如:
The
cover
of
the
magazine
is
very
beautiful.
这本杂志的封面很漂亮。
要点8
warn
warn是及物动词,意为“警告;告诫;提醒”。其用法如下:
(1)warn…of…意为“提醒……注意……”,后直接跟名词或代词。例如:
I
warned
them
of
danger.我提醒他们有危险。
(2)warn
sb.
against…意为“警告某人别……”或“警告某人提防……”。例如:
I
warned
you
against
buying
that
old
car.
我警告过你别买那辆旧车。
He
warned
me
against
walking
alone
at
night.
他告诫我夜间不要单独行走。
(3)warn后跟复合结构,即warn
sb.
to/not
to
do
sth.。例如:
The
teacher
warned
her
not
to
be
late
again.
老师警告她不要再迟到了。
He
warned
Bill
to
keep
away
from
the
fire.
他警告比尔离火远点。
【典例分析】
1.It
was
very
hot
yesterday.
The
government
warned
people
________
the
fire.
A.with
B.for
C.about
D.on
2.My
parents
often
warn
me
________
outside
too
late
at
night.
A.don't
stay
B.to
don't
stay
C.not
to
stay
D.to
not
stay
要点9
clear
(1)
clear作形容词,意为“与……不接触的;与……分离的”,其后常与of连用。例如:
Keep
clear
of
fires.
远离火源。
Stand
clear
of
the
stage.
站得离舞台远些。
(1)
clear作形容词,意为“清澈的;透明的;晴朗的;明白的”。例如:
How
clear
the
water
in
the
lake
is!
湖里的水真清澈啊!
Standing
on
the
top
of
the
building
you
can
see
most
of
the
city
on
a
clear
day.
在晴朗的天气里,站在这座楼的顶部你能看见这个城市的大部分。
“Are
you
clear?”
the
teacher
asked.
“你们听明白了吗?”老师问道。
(1)
clear的副词形式有两种:clearly与clear。clearly表示抽象意义上的“清楚地”,clear表示实际上的“清楚地,明显地”。例如:
He
knows
this
clearly.他清楚地知道这一点。
I
can
hear
you
loud
and
clear.我能听见你说话,声音响亮又清楚。
(1)
clear还可用作动词,意为“移除,清除,(天)变晴”等。例如:
My
father
usually
clears
the
table
after
supper.
晚饭后我爸爸常收拾桌子。
The
sky
clears
after
the
storm.
暴风雨过后天放晴了。
要点10
stay
away
from…意为“远离……”。例如:
We
should
stay
away
from
smoking
and
drinking.
我们应该远离吸烟喝酒。
【拓展】
(1)far
away
from…意为“离……很远”。例如:
The
school
is
far
away
from
my
home.
学校离我家很远。
(2)表示离某地具体的距离时用“be…away
from”。例如
My
home
is
five
hundred
miles
away
from
our
school.
我家离我们学校有500米远。
(3)keep
away
from…意为“与……保持距离;不要靠近……”。例如:
Police
warned
standers-by
to
keep
away
from
the
blazing
building.
警察告诫围观者不要靠近燃烧着的建筑物。
(4)
常见的away短语有:
take
away
带走;夺走;
run
away
逃跑;
put
away
收起来;
go
away走开
【典例分析】
1.We
should
________
the
drugs
(毒品).
They
are
very
dangerous.
A.live
with
B.stay
away
from
C.learn
about
D.jump
out
of
要点11
1.在底部
2.首先
3.做某事有麻烦
4.保证;确保
5.警告某人关于
6.不知道
7.远离
8.不接触
9.小心
10.总之
11.
..列……的清单
12.留在外面;不进入
13.
疼痛
14.大雨
15.
.因…而自豪
16.了解关于
(一)祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。
一、祈使句的肯定句式:一般分为以下四种类型:
(1)实义动词+其他成分。
Make
sentences
after
the
model.
根据例句造句。
(2)Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
Be
careful
when
crossing
the
street.
过马路时要小心。
(3)Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。
Let
him
go
back
now.
让他现在回去吧。
(4)无动词祈使句。
This
way,please!请这边走!
Just
a
minute,please!请稍等片刻!
二、祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在动词原形前加上don't或never,一般分为以下三种类型:
(1)在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加don't,构成“Don't+动词原形+其他成分”。
Don't
say
that
again!别再那样说了!
(2)let引导的祈使句的否定形式有两种:
①
以let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,在let前加don't。
Don't
let
me
go
with
her
tomorrow.
不要让我明天跟她一起去。
②
以let's开头的祈使句,必须在let's后加not。
Let's
not
play
computer
games
from
now
on.从现在开始,我们不玩电脑游戏了吧。
(3)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用
“No+名词/动词的?
ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。
NO
PHOTOS!禁止拍照!
(二)情态动词表推测
1.
情态动词must表示推测
情态动词must表示有把握的推测时,意为“一定,准是”,通常只用于肯定句。
Betty,
you
must
know!
贝蒂,你肯定知道!
2.
情态动词can,
could表示推测
can表示推测时,常用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句时,can比could表示的可能性要大;用于否定句时,can’t意为“不可能”,表示否定的推测。
He
wears
glasses
all
the
time,
so
his
eyesight
can’t
be
getting
better.
他一直戴着眼镜,因此他的视力不可能在好转。
could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句,表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。在下句中,can和could均表示“可能”。
Can/Could
this
be
true?
这有可能是真的吗?
可能性由大到小排列为:must→can→could→may→might。
【典例分析】
1.—Is
that
girl
under
the
tree
Mary?
—No,
it
________
be
Mary.
She
is
in
Beijing
now.
A.can’t
B.needn’t
C.wouldn’t
D.shouldn’t
2.Let's
ask
the
teacher
for
help.
She
__________
the
answer.
A.must
know
B.mustn't
know
C.
could
knowing
D.can't
know
3.—Whose
is
the
book
written
by
Yang
Jiang?
—Carol’s
favorite
writer
is
Yang
Jiang.
It
______
be
hers.
A.
mustn’t
B.
must
C.
can’t
D.
can
4.—Is
that
girl
under
the
tree
Mary?
—No,
it
________
be
Mary.
She
is
in
Beijing
now.
A.
can't
B.
needn't
C.
wouldn't
D.
shouldn't
5.Tom,
________
afraid
of
speaking
out
your
ideas.
A.
don't
B.
not
C.
not
be
D.
don't
be
6.Don't
run
in
the
hallways
and________
arrive
late
for
class.
A.
not
to
B.
won't
C.
don't
D.
no
7.
________
kind
and
helpful
to
the
people
around
us,
and
we
will
make
the
world
a
nice
place
to
live
in.
A.Be
B.Being
C.To
be
D.Been
话题十一:
安全救护
本模块以“急救”为中心话题,Unit
2
介绍了地震发生时的自救措施及相关的注意事项。通过本模块的学习,学生能了解急救和地震的有关知识,根据不同情况采取不同的应急措施。同时,通过学习激发学生进一步学习急救和防震知识的兴趣并培养安全意识。
What
to
do
in
an
earthquake
1.
Inside:
(1)Don’t
jump
out
of
high
buildings.
(2)Hide
under
a
table.
(3)Leave
the
building
quickly
when
the
ground
stops
shaking,
but
do
not
use
the
lift.
(4)Keep
calm,
especially
when
you
are
with
other
people.
2.
Outside:
(1)Stay
away
from
buildings.
(2)Don’t
stand
near
street
lights
or
under
power
lines.
(3)Stay
away
from
bridges
and
trees.
(4)In
the
mountains,
be
careful
of
falling
rocks.
(5)On
a
beach,
run
away
from
the
sea
and
move
quickly
to
higher
ground.
实战演练
针对中国云南、西藏和四川等地频繁发生地震的现象,学校领导将以“Show
Your
Love
and
Keep
Safe”为主题发表讲话。请你根据以下提示写一篇80词左右的发言稿。
内容包括:
1.
可以为灾区做的事情:
(1)为灾区人民捐款。(2)通过写信或发电子邮件等方式使他们振作起来。
2.
提供一些关于如何应对地震的建议:
(1)保持冷静,听从老师指挥。(2)待在桌子下面直到地震结束。(3)远离高层建筑物。有可能的话,到操场上去。
参考词汇:be
destroyed
被毁坏;donate
捐赠;cheer…up
使……振作起来。
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词,短语及句。
知识要点二:语法
知识要点三:书面表达
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12
Help
模块小结
要点1
have
trouble
doing
sth.
做某事有困难。
in
trouble的用法
(be)
in
trouble意为“遇上麻烦;处于困境”,此时trouble作名词,意为“麻烦;困境”。
trouble也可作动词,意为“使焦急;使苦恼;麻烦”
【拓展】
辨析be
in
trouble
与get
into
trouble
be
in
trouble
表示状态,一般表示已经有麻烦;
get
into
trouble是一个动作或过程,意为“惹上麻烦,陷入麻烦,闯祸”,多用于还没发生的情况。
【典例分析】
1.
Don't
trouble
trouble
until
trouble
troubles
you.(翻译,说明每个trouble的意思)
【点拨】不要自找麻烦。第一个trouble
是动词“生麻烦”第二个trouble
名词。麻烦。第三个trouble
名词。麻烦,第四个trouble动词。
2.
Linda
is
kind.
She
always
helps
me
when
I'm
________.
A.
in
peace???
?
B.
at
home??????
C.
at
work???????
D.
in
trouble
【点拨】本题考查介词短语的用法。in
peace意为“和平地;平静地”,at
home?意为“在家”,at
work?意为“在工作”,in
trouble意为“遇上麻烦;处于困境”,结合语境可知应选D。
3.It's
so
rude
to
laugh
at
people
who
are
______________.
They
need
your
help.
A.?by
air????????????????????????????B.?in
order????????????????????????????C.?in
silence????????????????????????????D.?in
trouble
【点拨】D句意:嘲笑有困难的人不礼貌,他们需要你的帮助。A.坐飞机;B.为了;C.沉默的;D.处于困难之中。根据
They
need
your
help.
可知需要帮助,是因为他们处于困难之中,故答案是D。
4.
Tom
has
trouble
________
Chinese
and
I
often
help
him
________
it.
A.in
understand;
/
B.to
understand;
with
C.understanding;
about
D.understanding;
with
【点拨】D句意:汤姆很难理解汉语,我经常帮助他理解它。
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth做某事有困难,help
sb
with
sth帮助某人做某事,故选D。
5.—
How
is
your
English
study?
—Not
bad.
But
I_______
learning
English
grammar.
A.
am
interested
in
B.
am
good
at
C.
have
a
little
trouble
D.
have
no
trouble
【点拨】C
句意:你英语这样?不差,但是语法方面还是有点困难。所以C符合语境。
6.
They
had
trouble
__________(get)
to
the
top
of
the
mountain
because
of
the
rain.
【点拨】getting。have
trouble
doing
sth。
做某事有困难。
7.没有人想惹麻烦。
Nobody
likes
to_________
__________
______________.
【点拨】get
into
trouble
要点2
such...that...
如此……以至于……
【考点分析】★区别such...that
与so...that
用法
句型
例句
such...that
用来强调名词
such
a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that从句such+adj.+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句
He
has
such
good
parents
that
he
is
happy
every
day.他有那么好的父母以至于他每天都快乐。
so...that
用来强调形容词或副词
so+adj./adv./+that从句so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
He's
so
young
that
he
can't
go
to
school.他那么小,还不能去上学。
【典例分析】
1.
The
man
is
______________
hungry
_______________
he
can’t
say
a
word.
A.
too
;
to
B.
enough
;
to
C.
so
;
that
D.
such
;
that
【点拨】C句意:这个男人是如此的饥饿以至于连一句话都说不出来了。考查易混连词辨析。too……to太……而不能做某事;中间连接形容词或副词原形,后接动词原形组成动词不定式;enough
to足够的……去做某事;前接形容词或副词原形后接动词原形组成动词不定式;so……that如此的……以至于……;中间连接形容词或副词原形,后接结果状语从句;such……that如此的……以至于……;中间接名词性质的短语后接结果状语从句。根据句中的hungry为形容词,结尾he
can’t
say
a
word结果状语从句。故选C。
2.
You
can
hear
______________
much
noise
_____________
you
can’t
fall
asleep
at
night.
A.
too
;
to
B.
enough
;
to
C.
so
;
that
D.
that
【点拨】C句意:你能听得见如此多的噪音以至于你在夜里都睡不着觉。考查易混连词辨析。too……to太……而不能做某事;中间连接形容词或副词原形,后接动词原形组成动词不定式;enough
to足够的……去做某事;前接形容词或副词原形后接动词原形组成动词不定式;so……that如此的……以至于……;中间可以连接修饰数量多少的名词短语,后接结果状语从句;such……that如此的……以至于……;中间接名词性质的短语后接结果状语从句。根据句中的much
noise为修饰数量多少的名词短语,结尾的结果状语从句。故选C。
3.
It
was
________
a
fine
day
________
we
had
a
good
time
in
the
countryside.
A.so;
that
B.such;
that
C.too;
to
D.enough;
to
【点拨】B句意:这是如此好的一天以至于我们在乡村玩得高兴。
so+形容词/副词+that+从句“如此……,以至于……”;such
+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that+从句“如此……以至于……”,too+形容词/副词+to
do
sth“太……而不能做某事”,形容词/副词+enough
to
do
sth“足够……能做某事”。此处修饰a
fine
day,故用such,故选B。
4.
It's
______________
interesting
book
that
we
all
like
it.
A.such
an
B.so
an
C.such
a
D.so
a
【点拨】A句意:这是如此有趣的一本书以至于我们都喜欢它。such
an如此一个;so
an形式错误;such
a如此一个;so
a形式错误。空后interesting是元音/i/开头的,应用an修饰,故选A。
5.
她说得那么快,我几乎听不清她所说的话。
She
spoke
____________
fast
____________
I
could
___________
hear
what
she
said
clearly.
【点拨】so
that
hardly
6.为了让大家可以明白,他说得很慢。
He
spoke
slowly
________
________
everyone
________
________.
【点拨】so
that
could
understand
7.
我激动得睡不着。
I
was
________
________
___________
I
couldn’t
fall
asleep.
I
was
________
________
__________
fall
asleep.
【点拨】so
excited
that
too
excited
to
要点3
keep
calm
保持冷静
keep
clear
of
不靠近,避开,不接触
【考点分析】①keep在这是连系动词,意为“保持;留在”,其后跟形容词构成系表结构。常用于以下结构:
(1)“keep+形容词”表示“保持某种状态”。
Please
keep
quiet.请保持安静。
(2)“keep+sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人/某物保持某种状态”。
We
should
keep
the
classroom
clean.
我们应该保持教室干净。
(3)“keep+sb./sth.+介词短语”表示“让某人/某物……”。
Her
mother
keeps
her
at
home
at
night.
晚上她妈妈让她呆在家里。
(4)“keep
sb./sth.
doing
sth.”表示“让某人/某物一直做某事”。
I'm
very
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting.
对不起,让你久等了。
(5)keep还可以作实义动词,意为“保管;饲养;坚持”等。
She
kept
a
dog
when
she
was
young.
当她年轻的时候,她饲养了一条狗。
【典例分析】
1.
你认为我们青少年应该远离网络吗?
Do
you
think
we
teenagers
should
__________
_____________
__________
the
Internet?
【点拨】keep
away
from
。远离,不接近。
2.
使劲跑,别停!
Just
__________
__________,
don’t
stop!
【点拨】keep
running。keep
(on)
doing
sth.
不断地做某事
3.
我们要尽力保持卧室清洁整齐。
We
should
try
to
__________
the
bedroom
__________
and
tidy.
【点拨】keep
clean
。keep+宾语+形容词
使……保持某种状态
4.
对不起,让你久等了。
I’m
sorry
for
keeping
you
__________
for
such
a
long
time.
【点拨】waiting。
keep
sb.
doing
sth.
使某人一直做某事
5.
疾风阻止我们去上学。
The
strong
wind
keeps
us
__________
__________
to
school.
【点拨】from
going。keep
sb
from
doing
sth
阻止某人做某事
6.这条白线是用来警告人们不许靠近的。
The
white
line
is
used
for
_________
_________
_____________.
【点拨】keeping
people
away
7.为了学好英语,你必须用英语写日记。
In
order
to
learn
English
well,
you
must
_____________
_________
__________
in
English.
【点拨】keep
a
diary
8.记得经常保持联络。
Remember_________
_________
_______
________
_________each
other
often.
【点拨】to
keep
in
touch
with
9.别掉队,跟上别人!
Don’t
fall
behind,________
________
_________
others.
【点拨】keep
up
with
10.我们要将安全永远放在心上。
We
must
________
safety
___________
_________
forever.
【点拨】keep
in
mind
11.大雨使我们踢不了球。
The
heavy
rain
___________
us
___________
___________
football.
【点拨】stopped
from
playing。stop
…from
表示阻止。。。做某事。
12.The
flies
are
so
terrible.
Please
________.
A.
keep
it
away
B.
keep
them
away
C.
keep
away
them
D.
keep
away
it
【点拨】B
句意:苍蝇太可怕了,请把他们赶走。短语keep
away表示把……带走;主语是the
flies这里代词用they的宾格them,keep
away是动词和副词构成的短语,代词放在中间。根据题意,故选B。
13.
As
we
all
know,
it’s
not
polite
to
keep
others_________
for
a
long
time.
A.
wait
B.
waited
C.
to
wait
D.
waiting
【点拨】D这题考查非谓语的用法:keep
sb
doing“让某人一直做某事”,句意是:我们都知道,让别人等很长时间是不礼貌的。选D。
14.It's
hot
inside.
Why
not
keep
the
door
__________?
A.opened
B.opening
C.to
open
D.open
【点拨】D句意:里面很热。为什么不让门敞开着呢?
A.
opened
过去式或过去分词;B.
opening
分词或动名词;C.
to
open
动词不定式;D.
open
动词原形或形容词。keep+人/物+宾语补足语,现在分词、过去分词和形容词都可以充当宾语补足语。后跟现在分词表示宾语与动词之间是主动关系,宾语通常是人;后跟过去分词表示宾语与动词之间是被动关系;后跟形容词使某物保持某种状态,open本身可以用作形容词,故答案为D。
要点4
broken
(1)
broken是形容词,意为“打破的;碎了的;坏了的”。例如:
The
room
whose
window
is
broken
is
our
classroom.
那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。
(1)
broken还可作为动词break的过去分词,break的过去式为broke。例如:
Be
careful,
or
you’ll
break
the
cup.小心,否则你会打碎杯子。
A
thief
had
broken
the
window
of
my
uncle’s
house
before
we
got
there.
在我们到达之前一个小偷已经打破了我叔叔家的窗户。
【拓展】break的相关固定搭配:
(1)break
down
意为“(机器)坏了;(计划、谈判)失败;(谈话、通讯)中断等”。
We
are
sorry
to
arrive
late,
because
the
car
broke
down.
很抱歉我们来晚了,由于车坏了。
Negotiations
between
the
two
sides
have
broken
down.
双方的谈判已经破裂。
(2)break
into
表示“破门而入;打断(谈话)”。
I
caught
two
men
trying
to
break
into
the
office.
我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。
(3)break
out
表示“(战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发
”。
World
War
II
broke
out
in
September
1939.
第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
(4)break
up
表示“散会,(学期)结束”等。
When
does
school
break
up?
本学期什么时候结束?
【典例分析】
1.
His
race
car
________
halfway.
He
had
to
give
up
the
race.
A.broke
out
B.broke
into
C.broke
up
D.broke
down
【点拨】D
break
down
垮掉;出故障
2.There
are
lots
of
________
bottles
on
the
road.
A.break
B.broke
C.broken
D.breaking
【点拨】C
broken
这里是形容词,修饰名词。
要点5
drop
(1)作不及物动词,意为“掉下,落下,下降,减弱”。例如:
The
apple
dropped
from
the
tree
to
the
ground.
苹果从树上掉到地上。
The
ball
dropped
out
of
his
hand.
球从他手里掉了下来。
Prices
dropped.
物价下跌了。
(2)作及物动词,意为“使掉下,使落下”。例如:
Mary
dropped
the
vase
on
the
floor.
玛丽失手把花瓶掉在地板上。
(3)
作及物动词,意为“放弃”。例如:
You
must
drop
smoking
(the
bad
habit).
你必须戒烟(戒除这个坏习惯)。
【拓展】
drop
in
/around探望,串门。例如:
Please
drop
in
to
see
us
if
you
are
in
Bradford.
如果你到布拉福特,请顺便来看看我们。
My
sister
dropped
around
last
night.
昨晚我姐姐顺便来看了我。
【注意】
drop
in(顺便拜访)是不及物动词短语,其后不能接宾语。若语义上需要接宾语,根据情况可用on(针对人)或at(针对地方)。例如:
She
dropped
in
at
his
office.
她去了他的办公室找他。
I
thought
I’d
drop
in
on
you
while
I
was
passing.
我曾想路过时就来看看你。
要点6
make
sure
make
sure=be
sure,意思是“确信”,它的后面可以用宾语从句,也可以用动词不定式。
(1)
be
sure
of
sth.
对某事很确定
I
am
sure
of
his
guilt.我确定他有罪。
I
am
sure
of
his
coming.
我确定他会来。
(2)
be
sure
to
do
sth.
一定会做某事
I
am
sure
to
close
the
window
after
school.
放学后我一定会关窗的。
I
am
sure
to
help
you
tomorrow.我明天一定会帮你。
(3)
be
sure
that+从句
对某事很确定
I
am
sure
that
he
will
achieve
his
goal.
我确定他会实现目标的。
He
is
sure
that
his
mother
will
come
to
see
him
this
afternoon.
他确信今天下午他妈妈会来看他。
【典例分析】
1.选词填空make
sure/be
sure
(to)
1)I
Mr.
Liu
is
right.
2)
that
you
have
got
the
tickets.
3)
come
to
my
party
next
week.
【点拨】am
sure
2.Make
sure
3.Be
sure
to
2.________
to
close
the
windows
before
you
go
out.
A.Making
sure
B.Is
sure
C.Make
sure
D.Sure
【点拨】C句意:出去之前确定关好窗户。
本题考查祈使句。祈使句要以动词原形开头,A
Making
sure是现在分词形式,B
Is
sure的动词原形应该是be,C
Make
sure是动词原形,D
Sure是副词,不是动词,故选C。
要点7
cover
(1)cover作动词,意为“包含;包括;涉及;盖;遮盖;报道”,在句中作谓语。例如:
The
lectures
covered
a
lot
of
subjects.
这些讲座涉及的内容极为广泛。
The
survey
covers
all
aspects
of
the
business.
调查包括这个企业的各个方面。
Please
cover
the
bowl
with
a
piece
of
paper.
请用纸把碗盖上。
This
year’s
Beijing
Music
Awards
will
be
covered
live.
今年的北京音乐大奖赛将进行现场直播。
(2)cover作名词,“封面;盖子”,在句中作主语或宾语。例如:
The
cover
of
the
magazine
is
very
beautiful.
这本杂志的封面很漂亮。
要点8
warn
warn是及物动词,意为“警告;告诫;提醒”。其用法如下:
(1)warn…of…意为“提醒……注意……”,后直接跟名词或代词。例如:
I
warned
them
of
danger.我提醒他们有危险。
(2)warn
sb.
against…意为“警告某人别……”或“警告某人提防……”。例如:
I
warned
you
against
buying
that
old
car.
我警告过你别买那辆旧车。
He
warned
me
against
walking
alone
at
night.
他告诫我夜间不要单独行走。
(3)warn后跟复合结构,即warn
sb.
to/not
to
do
sth.。例如:
The
teacher
warned
her
not
to
be
late
again.
老师警告她不要再迟到了。
He
warned
Bill
to
keep
away
from
the
fire.
他警告比尔离火远点。
【典例分析】
1.It
was
very
hot
yesterday.
The
government
warned
people
________
the
fire.
A.with
B.for
C.about
D.on
【点拨】C句意:昨天天太热。政府警告人们小心大火。warn
sb
about
sth警告某人关于某事,故选C。
2.My
parents
often
warn
me
________
outside
too
late
at
night.
A.don't
stay
B.to
don't
stay
C.not
to
stay
D.to
not
stay
【点拨】:此题用识记法解答。warn
sb.
not
to
do
sth.意为“警告某人不要做某事”
要点9
clear
(1)
clear作形容词,意为“与……不接触的;与……分离的”,其后常与of连用。例如:
Keep
clear
of
fires.
远离火源。
Stand
clear
of
the
stage.
站得离舞台远些。
(1)
clear作形容词,意为“清澈的;透明的;晴朗的;明白的”。例如:
How
clear
the
water
in
the
lake
is!
湖里的水真清澈啊!
Standing
on
the
top
of
the
building
you
can
see
most
of
the
city
on
a
clear
day.
在晴朗的天气里,站在这座楼的顶部你能看见这个城市的大部分。
“Are
you
clear?”
the
teacher
asked.
“你们听明白了吗?”老师问道。
(1)
clear的副词形式有两种:clearly与clear。clearly表示抽象意义上的“清楚地”,clear表示实际上的“清楚地,明显地”。例如:
He
knows
this
clearly.他清楚地知道这一点。
I
can
hear
you
loud
and
clear.我能听见你说话,声音响亮又清楚。
(1)
clear还可用作动词,意为“移除,清除,(天)变晴”等。例如:
My
father
usually
clears
the
table
after
supper.
晚饭后我爸爸常收拾桌子。
The
sky
clears
after
the
storm.
暴风雨过后天放晴了。
要点10
stay
away
from…意为“远离……”。例如:
We
should
stay
away
from
smoking
and
drinking.
我们应该远离吸烟喝酒。
【拓展】
(1)far
away
from…意为“离……很远”。例如:
The
school
is
far
away
from
my
home.
学校离我家很远。
(2)表示离某地具体的距离时用“be…away
from”。例如
My
home
is
five
hundred
miles
away
from
our
school.
我家离我们学校有500米远。
(3)keep
away
from…意为“与……保持距离;不要靠近……”。例如:
Police
warned
standers-by
to
keep
away
from
the
blazing
building.
警察告诫围观者不要靠近燃烧着的建筑物。
(4)
常见的away短语有:
take
away
带走;夺走;
run
away
逃跑;
put
away
收起来;
go
away走开
【典例分析】
1.We
should
________
the
drugs
(毒品).
They
are
very
dangerous.
A.live
with
B.stay
away
from
C.learn
about
D.jump
out
of
【点拨】B
stay
away
from
远离。
要点11
1.在底部
2.首先
3.做某事有麻烦
4.保证;确保
5.警告某人关于
6.不知道
7.远离
8.不接触
9.小心
10.总之
11.
..列……的清单
12.留在外面;不进入
13.
疼痛
14.大雨
15.
.因…而自豪
16.了解关于
【点拨】1.at
the
bottle
of
2.first
of
all
3.have
trouble
doing
4.make
sure
5.warn
sb.
of
6.have
no
idea
7.stay
away
from
8.keep
clear
of
9.be
carful
of
10.in
short
11.make
a
list
of
12.keep
out
13.in
pain
14.heavy
rain
15.be
proud
of
16.learn
about
(一)祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。
一、祈使句的肯定句式:一般分为以下四种类型:
(1)实义动词+其他成分。
Make
sentences
after
the
model.
根据例句造句。
(2)Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
Be
careful
when
crossing
the
street.
过马路时要小心。
(3)Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。
Let
him
go
back
now.
让他现在回去吧。
(4)无动词祈使句。
This
way,please!请这边走!
Just
a
minute,please!请稍等片刻!
二、祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在动词原形前加上don't或never,一般分为以下三种类型:
(1)在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加don't,构成“Don't+动词原形+其他成分”。
Don't
say
that
again!别再那样说了!
(2)let引导的祈使句的否定形式有两种:
①
以let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,在let前加don't。
Don't
let
me
go
with
her
tomorrow.
不要让我明天跟她一起去。
②
以let's开头的祈使句,必须在let's后加not。
Let's
not
play
computer
games
from
now
on.从现在开始,我们不玩电脑游戏了吧。
(3)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用
“No+名词/动词的?
ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。
NO
PHOTOS!禁止拍照!
(二)情态动词表推测
1.
情态动词must表示推测
情态动词must表示有把握的推测时,意为“一定,准是”,通常只用于肯定句。
Betty,
you
must
know!
贝蒂,你肯定知道!
2.
情态动词can,
could表示推测
can表示推测时,常用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句时,can比could表示的可能性要大;用于否定句时,can’t意为“不可能”,表示否定的推测。
He
wears
glasses
all
the
time,
so
his
eyesight
can’t
be
getting
better.
他一直戴着眼镜,因此他的视力不可能在好转。
could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句,表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。在下句中,can和could均表示“可能”。
Can/Could
this
be
true?
这有可能是真的吗?
可能性由大到小排列为:must→can→could→may→might。
【典例分析】
1.—Is
that
girl
under
the
tree
Mary?
—No,
it
________
be
Mary.
She
is
in
Beijing
now.
A.can’t
B.needn’t
C.wouldn’t
D.shouldn’t
【点拨】A句意:——那个站在树下的女孩是玛丽吗?——不,它不可能是玛丽。现在她在北京。
can't不可能,表示有把握的推测;needn’t不必,表示要求;wouldn’t不愿意,表示意愿;shouldn’t不应该,表示建议。根据She
is
in
Beijing
now.可知此处表示现在玛丽在北京,因此有把握的推测那个女孩不可能是玛丽,故选A。
2.Let's
ask
the
teacher
for
help.
She
__________
the
answer.
A.must
know
B.mustn't
know
C.
could
knowing
D.can't
know
【点拨】A句意:让我们向老师求助吧。她一定知道答案。
must一定,表示有把握的推测;mustn’t禁止,could可能,can’t不可能,表示有把握的推测。情态动词后用动词原形,故排除C项。根据Let's
ask
the
teacher
for
help.可知,向老师求助,因此有把握推测,她一定知道答案,故用must。故选A。
3.—Whose
is
the
book
written
by
Yang
Jiang?
—Carol’s
favorite
writer
is
Yang
Jiang.
It
______
be
hers.
A.
mustn’t
B.
must
C.
can’t
D.
can
【点拨】B试题分析:句意:-这本杨绛写的书是谁的?-Carol最喜爱的作家是杨绛,这本书一定是她的。mustn’t禁止,不要;must一定,肯定;can’t不可能;can可能。根据句意可知,这里表示推测,根据Carol’s
favorite
wirter
is
Yang
Jiang可知,书一定是她的,故选B。
考点:考查情态动词表示推测的用法。
4.—Is
that
girl
under
the
tree
Mary?
—No,
it
________
be
Mary.
She
is
in
Beijing
now.
A.
can't
B.
needn't
C.
wouldn't
D.
shouldn't
【点拨】A句意:——那个站在树下的女孩是玛丽吗?——不,它不可能是玛丽。现在她在北京。
can't不可能,表示有把握的推测;needn’t不必,表示要求;wouldn’t不愿意,表示意愿;shouldn’t不应该,表示建议。根据She
is
in
Beijing
now.可知此处表示现在玛丽在北京,因此有把握的推测那个女孩不可能是玛丽,故选A。
5.Tom,
________
afraid
of
speaking
out
your
ideas.
A.
don't
B.
not
C.
not
be
D.
don't
be
【点拨】D句意:汤姆,不要害怕说出你的想法。
此处是祈使句的否定形式,在动词原形前加don’t,be
afraid
of害怕,故选D。
6.Don't
run
in
the
hallways
and________
arrive
late
for
class.
A.
not
to
B.
won't
C.
don't
D.
no
【点拨】C句意:不要在走廊里跑步,不要上课迟到。此处是祈使句的否定形式,在动词原形前加don’t,故选C。
7.
________
kind
and
helpful
to
the
people
around
us,
and
we
will
make
the
world
a
nice
place
to
live
in.
A.Be
B.Being
C.To
be
D.Been
【点拨】.A 考查祈使句。由句子结构可知,本句为祈使句,用动词原形开头。故选A。
话题十一:
安全救护
本模块以“急救”为中心话题,Unit
2
介绍了地震发生时的自救措施及相关的注意事项。通过本模块的学习,学生能了解急救和地震的有关知识,根据不同情况采取不同的应急措施。同时,通过学习激发学生进一步学习急救和防震知识的兴趣并培养安全意识。
What
to
do
in
an
earthquake
1.
Inside:
(1)Don’t
jump
out
of
high
buildings.
(2)Hide
under
a
table.
(3)Leave
the
building
quickly
when
the
ground
stops
shaking,
but
do
not
use
the
lift.
(4)Keep
calm,
especially
when
you
are
with
other
people.
2.
Outside:
(1)Stay
away
from
buildings.
(2)Don’t
stand
near
street
lights
or
under
power
lines.
(3)Stay
away
from
bridges
and
trees.
(4)In
the
mountains,
be
careful
of
falling
rocks.
(5)On
a
beach,
run
away
from
the
sea
and
move
quickly
to
higher
ground.
实战演练
针对中国云南、西藏和四川等地频繁发生地震的现象,学校领导将以“Show
Your
Love
and
Keep
Safe”为主题发表讲话。请你根据以下提示写一篇80词左右的发言稿。
内容包括:
1.
可以为灾区做的事情:
(1)为灾区人民捐款。(2)通过写信或发电子邮件等方式使他们振作起来。
2.
提供一些关于如何应对地震的建议:
(1)保持冷静,听从老师指挥。(2)待在桌子下面直到地震结束。(3)远离高层建筑物。有可能的话,到操场上去。
参考词汇:be
destroyed
被毁坏;donate
捐赠;cheer…up
使……振作起来。
Show
Your
Love
and
Keep
Safe
Recently,
earthquakes
happened
in
Yunnan,
Sichuan
and
Tibet.
It’s
reported
that
many
houses
were
destroyed
and
many
people
lost
their
homes.
All
the
Chinese
people
are
quite
sad.
What
can
we
do
for
them?
We
can
donate
money
to
them.
And
writing
letters
or
sending
emails
to
them
can
cheer
them
up.
An
earthquake
is
terrible.
So
we
should
know
the
ways
to
keep
safe
during
an
earthquake.
First,
keep
calm
and
do
as
the
teacher
tells
you.
Second,
hide
under
a
desk
quickly
until
the
earthquake
stops.
Third,
don’t
stand
near
high
buildings.
If
possible,
you’d
better
go
to
the
playground,
or
stay
where
you
are
until
the
ground
stops
shaking.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词,短语及句。
知识要点二:语法
知识要点三:书面表达