鲁教版英语八年级上册同步练习
Unit
7
Have
you
ever
been
to
a
museum?
（Section
B
2a-2e）
一、词汇填空
根据句意和首字母提示或汉语提示完成单词。
1.
He
wants
to
study
in
an
____________(讲英语)
country.
2.
The
p____________
of
our
country
is
very
large.
It’s
about
1.
3
billion.
3.
The
doctor
took
the
boy’s
t____________
and
discovered
that
he
had
a
high
fever.
4.
It’s
our
duty
to
protect
the
____________(环境).
5.
I
think
____________(春天)
is
the
best
season
of
a
year.
二、完形填空
One
Thursday
morning
during
the
winter
holiday,
my
husband
and
I
got
up
early
and
caught
a
1
to
Mount
Gambier
in
South
Australia.
When
we
arrived
that
afternoon,
my
brother
and
his
new
wife
Melinda
2
us
at
the
bus
station.
Melinda
wore
a
pink
dress
that
day.
She
looked
so
beautiful
and
she
was
3
to
us.
They
drove
us
to
our
hotel
first.
4
we
checked
in
(登记入住)
they
drove
us
to
their
new
house.
It
was
few
kilometers
out
of
town.
My
brother
had
planted
some
fruit
trees
around
the
5
and
there
was
a
large
vegetable
garden
behind
it.
What
a
great
place
to
6
!
That
evening
we
had
a
delicious
dinner
there.
Melinda
was
really
a
good
7
!
The
next
day
my
brother
had
some
work
to
do.
Melinda
took
us
to
8
around
the
town
and
we
looked
in
at
the
shops.
The
town
had
many
shops.
We
went
into
several
clothes
shops
but
I
didn’t
buy
9
.
Like
all
good
towns
there
were
several
pies
and
bread
bakeries
(面包店),
so
we
bought
some.
The
day
after
that
day
was
the
weekend.
They
took
us
for
a
trip
to
Pt
Macdonald
and
on
the
way
back,
they
drove
to
the
famous
Blue
Lake.
It
was
so
excellent!
No
wonder(难怪)
there
were
so
many
visitors.
The
next
day
was
time
to
come
home.
The
holiday
was
so
10
.
I
hope
I
can
go
there
again.
1.
A.
bike
B.
train
C.
bus
2.
A.
met
B.
found
C.
knew
3.
A.
sad
B.
careful
C.
friendly
4.
A.
After
B.
Before
C.
Because
5.
A.
hotel
B.
town
C.
house
6.
A.
play
B.
live
C.
feel
7.
A.
cook
B.
teacher
C.
driver
8.
A.
run
B.
sleep
C.
walk
9.
A.
anything
B.
anyone
C.
something
10.
A.
tiring
B.
nice
C.
boring
三、阅读理解
A
Thanks
to
the
ancient
Silk
Road,
the
lands
of
Italy
and
China
have
been
connected
for
more
than
2,000
years.
Tourists
from
China
and
every
corner
of
the
world
come
to
visit
Italy
every
year.
Here
are
four
famous
cities
of
Italy.
The
Coliseum
Rome
is
the
birth
place
of
science,
culture
and
of
course,
art
in
Europe.
It
is
the
perfect
combination(结合)of
the
modern
and
the
classical.
When
one
walks
around
the
city,
one
can
see
many
museums.
Of
course,
Rome
is
also
considered
as
a
fashion（时尚）center
of
the
world
now.
The
Coliseum
is
considered
one
wonder
(奇迹)
of
the
modern
world.
The
Leaning
Tower
of
Pisa
Pisa
is
a
small
city.
It
is
famous
for
the
Leaning
Tower
of
Pisa.
If
you
think
that
Pisa
has
only
one
leaning
tower,
you
may
just
be
wrong.
This
city
has
three
leaning
towers.
Home
to
the
famous
scientist
Galileo,
Pisa
is
also
known
for
its
universities
because
the
city
is
home
to
some
of
the
most
important
universities
in
Europe.
David
Florence
is
one
of
the
most
important
provinces
around
Italy.
Shopping
here,
you’ll
find
David,
the
most
famous
statue
(雕塑)
of
Michelangelo.
If
you
are
planning
to
spend
just
a
couple
of
days
in
Florence,
you
may
not
want
to
lose
the
opportunity
to
see
and
enjoy
the
Arnolfo
Tower,
it
will
be
open
every
day
all
year
round.
The
gondolas
Venice
is
a
city
over
a
hundred
islands.
You
can
visit
most
interesting
places
of
the
city
on
foot
or
in
the
famous
gondolas(贡多拉船).
Art
exhibitions,
film
festivals,
musicals
and
famous
carnival
(狂欢节)
make
Venice
a
place
that
can
be
visited
any
time
of
the
year.
1.
______
is
considered
as
a
fashion
center
of
the
world
now.
A.
Rome
B.
Pisa
C.
Florence
D.
Venice
2.
Pisa
is
also
famous
for
its
______
besides(除了)
leaning
towers.
A.
universities
B.
art
exhibitions
C.
film
festivals
D.
museums
3.
Which
one
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
A.
Pisa
has
three
leaning
towers.
B.
You’ll
find
David
when
you
go
shopping
in
Florence.
C.
You
can
visit
most
interesting
places
of
Venice
on
foot
or
by
bus
D.
Every
year,
thousands
of
tourists
all
over
the
world
come
to
visit
Italy.
4.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Italy
and
China
B.
The
ancient
Silk
Road
C.
All
roads
lead
to
Rome
D.
Four
famous
cities
of
Italy
B
Dear
Zhang
Hua,
Have
you
ever
been
to
Thailand?
It
is
a
country
in
Southeast
Asia.
I’ve
been
in
Thailand
①__________
a
few
days
with
my
parents.
We
are
here
for
a
holiday.
Now
we
are
staying
in
Bangkok(曼谷).
It
is
the
capital
of
Thailand
and
it
is
a
very
interesting
place
to
visit.
Yesterday
we
visited
some
places
of
interest
in
the
city.
They
were
great!
This
morning
we
went
②__________.
Bangkok
is
a
wonderful
place
to
shop
for
jewelry(珠宝)
and
clothes.
My
mother
bought
a
nice
necklace(项链).
My
father
and
I
bought
some
fashionable
T-shirts.
Thailand
is
called
“Land
of
Smiles”
because
people
here
are
very
friendly.
And
it’s
true!
When
we
ate
in
the
restaurants
in
Bangkok,
the
waiters
were
really
nice
and
they
were
always
smiling.
Thai
food
is
delicious,
but
it
is
sometimes
a
little
spicy
for
me.
You
can
also
get
Chinese
food
here
because
a
lot
of
Chinese
people
came
to
live
in
Bangkok
many
years
ago.
Chinese
food
is
very
good,
and
it
isn’t
③__________
spicy
as
Thai
food.
Our
American
food
can
also
be
found
in
Bangkok,however,
I
didn’t
eat
it.
You
know,
I’d
like
to
try
new
things
when
I
travel.
The
weather
has
been
very
hot.
Yesterday
it
rained
and
got
a
little
cooler.
But
today
it’s
hot
again.
Yours,
Mary
5.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
only
one
word.
①__________
②__________
③__________
6.
What
did
Mary
and
her
parents
buy
this
morning
in
Bangkok?
__________________________________________________________________
7.
Why
is
Thailand
called
“Land
of
Smiles”?
__________________________________________________________________
8.
Translate
the
underline
sentence
into
Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________
9.
How
was
the
weather
in
Bangkok
yesterday?
__________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、1.
English-speaking
2.
population
3.
temperature
4.
environment
5.
spring
二、1-5
CACBC
6-10
BACAB
三、1-4
AACD
5.
①
for
②
shopping
③
as
/
so
6.
A
nice
necklace
and
some
fashionable
T-shirts.
7.
Because
people
here
are
very
friendly.
8.
也能在曼谷也能品尝我们美国饭菜，但是，我没有去吃。
9.
It
rained
and
got
a
little
cooler.
/
It
was
rainy
and
a
little
cooler.鲁教版英语八年级上册同步练习
Unit
7
Have
you
ever
been
to
a
museum?
（Section
B
3a-3b）
一、词汇填空
根据句意和首字母提示或汉语提示完成单词。
1.
It
is
s____________
to
cross
the
road
when
the
traffic
light
is
green.
2.
My
sister
can
speak
J____________
very
well.
She
has
lived
in
Japan
for
three
years.
3.
A
year
has
four
seasons—they
are
s____________,
summer,
autumn
and
winter.
4.
We
were
late
____________（仅仅）because
of
the
rain.
5.
A
____________（狐狸）is
a
smart
animal.
6.
Mr.
Brown
____________
(介绍)
a
new
friend
to
us
yesterday.
7.
W____________
you
like
it
or
not,
you’ll
have
to
do
it
well.
二、完形填空
I
have
visited
several
big
museums.
Although
I
have
1
each
of
them,
there
is
one
that
I
would
really
like
to
visit
again:
the
Smithsonian
Institution(史密森学会是唯一由美国政府资助的半官方性质的博物馆机构。).
I
first
had
the
urge
(冲动)
to
go
to
the
Smithsonian
when
I
was
eleven.
I
was
doing
my
reading
2
.
It
was
a(n)
3
about
the
Smithsonian.
It
said,
“…
you
would
have
to
4
it
a
super-museum…
It
has
more
than
140
million
items(物品)
in
its
ollection
…”
5
then
it
has
been
my
dream
to
visit
this
“super-museum”.
I
have
done
some
6
on
the
Smithsonian
Institution.
I
have
watched
movies
about
the
Smithsonian,
read
books
about
7
and
checked
out
its
website.
I
have
learned
so
8
!
The
website
says
the
Smithsonian
Institution
is
the
world’s
9
museum,
education,
and
research
complex(建筑群).
It
is
home
to
19
museums,
9
research
centers
and
a
zoo.
Actually
visiting
a
place
is
better
than
just
reading
about
it.
So
I
went
to
visit
the
Smithsonian
this
autumn.
It
was
such
a(n)
10
experience.
I
saw
Jordan’s
basketball
jersey(运动套衫),
the
space
shuttle(太空船)
that
carried
Neil
Armstrong
to
the
moon,
and
a
lot
more!
I
can’t
wait
to
visit
it
again.
1.
A.
wanted
B.
enjoyed
C.
drawn
2.
A.
homework
B.
game
C.
housework
3.
A.
band
B.
movie
C.
article
4.
A.
call
B.
look
C.
find
5.
A.
Just
B.
Since
C.
From
6.
A.
exercise
B.
shopping
C.
research
7.
A.
it
B.
him
C.
her
8.
A.
little
B.
few
C.
much
9.
A.
smallest
B.
largest
C.
highest
10.
A.
strange
B.
surprising
C.
exciting
三、阅读理解
A
National
parks
are
large
areas
of
public
land.
They
give
a
safe
home
for
local
plants
and
animals.
They
help
keep
the
air
and
water
clean.
They
also
give
us
the
best
trips.
Today,
there
are
nearly
7,
000
national
parks
around
the
world.
Forbes
has
listed
12
of
the
most
beautiful
ones
in
the
world
that
will
surprise
you
with
their
amazing
landscapes,
geographic
wonders
and
colorful
plants
and
animals.
The
Grand
Canyon(大峡谷)
National
Park
of
the
US
is
one
of
the
Seven
Natural
Wonders
of
the
World.
It
is
best
known
for
its
size
and
depth.
It
is
446
kilometers
long,
up
to
29
kilometers
wide,
and
1.6
kilometers
deep.
The
immensity
of
the
canyon
makes
people
think
big.
Every
year,
about
5
million
people
visit
here.
Taking
a
tour
in
the
South
Rim
offers
visitors
the
park’s
full
views,
while
the
North
Rim
shows
beautiful
wild
flowers.
If
you
love
animals,
you’ll
like
the
Serengeti
National
Park
in
Tanzania.
The
“Big
Five”
live
there.
They
are
the
lion,
the
African
elephant,
the
African
leopard,
the
black
rhinoceros
and
the
African
buffalo.
The
name
“Big
Five”
came
from
the
five
animals
that
were
the
hardest
to
catch.
Now
they
are
what
people
most
want
to
see
in
the
wild.
If
you
visit
the
park,
you
should
never
miss
the
migration(迁徙)
of
over
1.
5
million
wildebeests(角马)
and
250,
000
zebras
every
year.
This
is
the
most
famous
site
of
the
park.
1.
Which
is
NOT
right
about
national
parks
according
to
Paragraph
1?
A.
A
national
park
is
public
land
that
covers
a
large
area.
B.
Wild
plants
and
animals
are
protected
in
national
parks.
C.
Forbes
has
listed
twelve
of
the
world’s
largest
national
parks.
D.
National
parks
are
attractive
because
of
their
natural
beauty.
2.
The
underlined
word
“immensity”
refers
to
“______”.
A.
great
size
B.
natural
wonder
C.
colorful
view
D.
unusual
beauty
3.
______
kinds
of
animals
are
mentioned
in
the
passage.
A.
Five
B.
Six
C.
Seven
D.
Eight
4.
What’s
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Taking
a
Tour
in
the
Grand
Canyon
B.
Travelling
to
the
Serengeti
National
Park
C.
Seven
Natural
Wonders
of
the
World
D.
Stepping
into
the
Wonders
of
National
Parks
5.
If
the
writer
continues
the
article,
he
would
most
likely
write
about
______.
A.
ways
to
keep
the
air
and
water
clean
B.
more
national
parks
in
the
world
C.
his
wonderful
trip
to
the
Grand
Canyon
D.
famous
historic
wonders
in
Africa
B
on,
final,
sport,
practice,
simple,
thousand,
turn,
what,
good,
win
Chile(智利)
is
a
passionate(热情的)
South
American
country.
Sports
meets
there
are
full
of
fun
and
energy.
(6)____________
Nov.
8,
our
school
took
part
in
“Interescolar”,
a
two-day
event
held
every
year.
High
schools
in
Chile
come
together
to
compete
in
(7)____________
like
javelin
(标枪)
and
running.
I
did
a
lot
of
cheering
in
the
morning.
Then
in
the
afternoon,
the
freestyle
dance
competition
(8)____________
came.
My
schoolmates
and
I
had
(9)____________
our
dance
for
it
for
the
past
two
months.
The
rules
were
(10)____________:
choose
any
theme,
be
creative,
and
keep
the
performance
under
ten
minutes.
My
school’s
theme
was
based
on
the
musical—The
Sound
of
Music.
We
were
put
into
groups
based
on
characters
in
the
movie,
like
children,
soldiers
and
puppets
(木偶).
I
was
in
the
soldier
group.
When
it
was
our
school’s
(11)____________,
we
raced
onto
the
huge
field
in
front
of
a
stadium
(体育场)
full
of
(12)____________
of
people.
The
children
and
puppets
danced
first.
Then,
I
rushed
out
with
the
other
soldiers
carrying
a
red
flag.
We
got
in
a
circle
and
waved
our
flags
to
the
music.
We
put
our
heart
into
this
dance
and
our
bodies
knew
(13)____________
to
do.
As
we
gave
our
final
bow,
I
looked
around
at
the
faces
of
my
classmates
and
out
into
the
audience,
knowing
that
it
was
a
job
Well
done.
The
judges
must
have
agreed
as
(14)____________,
because
they
said
that
we
had
(15)____________
first
place!
参考答案
一、1.
safe 2.
Japanese 3.
spring 4.
simply 5.
fox
6.
introduced
7.
Whether
二、1-5
BACAB
6-10
CADBC
三、1-5
CACDB
6.
On
7.
sports
8.
finally
9.
practiced
10.
simple
11.
turn
12.
thousands
13.
what
14.
well
15.
won鲁教版英语八年级上册同步练习
Unit
7
Have
you
ever
been
to
a
museum?
（Section
B
1a-1d）
一、从方框中选择最佳选项完成对话
A.
But
where
shall
we
go?
B.
Would
you
like
to
go
on
a
trip
with
me?
C.
How
can
we
get
there?
D.
When
and
where
shall
we
meet?
E.
Then
what
can
we
do
there?
A:
Hello,
Daniel.
The
weekend
is
coming.
1
?
B:
Yes,
I’d
love
to.
2
A:
What
about
the
Palace
Museum?
There
is
a
great
show
there.
B:
That’s
really
a
wonderful
place
to
visit.
3
A:
We
can
see
fine
works
of
art
there.
B:
That
sounds
great.
4
A:
The
best
way
is
to
take
the
underground.
It
takes
only
20
minutes.
B:
All
right.
5
A:
Shall
we
meet
at
my
home
at
8
a.
m.
tomorrow?
B:
OK.
See
you
tomorrow.
A:
See
you.
二、综合填空
阅读下面短文,
掌握其大意,
选出能填入短文相应空白处的最佳选项。
advice,
interest,
visit,
photo,
daytime,
arrive,
smile,
quick,
when,
save
The
London
Eye
is
a
tourist
attraction
in
London,
the
UK.
There
you
can
get
into
a
capsule
(密封舱)
to
enjoy
a
great
view(风景)
of
the
city
of
London.
I
(1)____________
the
London
Eye
last
summer
with
a
friend.
My
friend
didn’t
know
where
we
were
going.
I
just
told
him
we
would
go
somewhere
very
special.
When
we
(2)____________
at
Waterloo
Station,
he
had
worked
out
where
we
were
going.
He
(3)____________
happily.
When
we
reached
the
London
Eye,
there
was
a
very
long
waiting
line,
so
in
order
to
(4)____________
time,
he
stayed
in
the
line
while
I
went
to
buy
the
tickets.
The
capsule
doesn’t
completely
stop
(5)____________
people
get
on,
so
you
have
to
get
into
it
(6)____________.
Then
the
door
of
the
capsule
shuts.
The
view(风景)
was
wonderful.
We
took
many
(7)____________
of
the
view
and
of
ourselves.
It
took
about
half
an
hour
for
the
capsule
to
go
around.
If
you
are
(8)____________
in
going
there,
I’d
like
to
give
you
some
(9)____________.
To
enjoy
the
view,
go
in
the
(10)____________.
There
are
night
rides,
but
you
won’t
see
a
lot.
Sometimes
the
top
of
the
wheel
can
be
quite
cool
even
though
it’s
sunny.
So
ladies,
don’t
forget
to
take
a
scarf.
三、阅读理解
A
What
do
you
know
about
Hainan?
Apart
from(除了)
its
warm
sunshine,
golden
beaches
and
blue
seas,
the
province
has
some
other
interesting
features.
This
year
marks
the
30th
anniversary(周年)
of
the
establishment(建立)
of
Hainan
province.
It’s
a
good
time
for
us
to
take
a
closer
look
at
the
island
province.
China’s
southernmost
cityIf
you
are
bored
of
Hainan’s
more
popular
tourist
cities,
such
as
Sanya
and
Haikou,
you
may
want
to
go
to
Sansha
instead.
Sansha
is
China’s
southernmost
city.
It
includes
many
small
islands,
sandbanks
and
reefs(堡礁)
in
the
Xisha,
Zhongsha
and
Nansha
island
groups.
Its
government
is
seated
on
the
island
of
Yongxing.
Since
Sansha
was
established
in
2012,
a
hospital,
a
library
and
a
movie
theater
have
been
built
on
Yongxing.
Over
2.5
million
plants
have
been
planted
there
to
protect
the
environment.
The
“migratory
birds(候鸟)”Migratory
birds
fly
from
the
north
to
the
south
in
winter.
In
China,
a
group
of
people
are
also
referred
to
as
“migratory
birds”.
Every
year,
from
October
to
April,
people
from
all
over
China
go
on
holiday
to
Hainan
to
enjoy
the
warm
weather
and
fresh
air.
Most
of
them
are
elderly
people
from
northern
China,
especially
Northeast
China.
According
to
the
Hainan
local
government,
more
than
1
million
elderly
choose
to
spend
their
winter
in
Hainan
each
year.
These
elderly
“migratory
birds”
also
encourage
younger
family
members
to
join
them
on
the
sunny
island.
A
famous
forum(论坛)People
in
other
countries
might
not
know
about
Hainan,
but
they
probably
know
about
Boao.
Boao,
a
town
in
Hainan,
became
China’s
first
permanent(永久的)
site
for
hosting
international
meetings
in
2001.
Every
year
in
April,
the
Boao
Forum
for
Asia,
a
nongovernmental
international
organization,
hosts
its
annual
meetings.
Officials,
business
people
and
experts
from
different
countries
come
to
Boao
to
discuss
economic
issues.The
forum
has
been
important
for
the
development
of
Asian
cities.
Hainan
and
Boao
have
both
benefited(收益)
greatly
from
hosting
the
conferences.
More
restaurants
and
hotels
have
been
built,
creating
more
jobs
for
locals.
An
airport
was
opened
in
2016.
The
forum
has
helped
Hainan
build
itself
into
an
international
tourism
destination.
1.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
A.
A
famous
forum
in
Boao.
B.
China’s
southernmost
city.
C.
The
elderly
“migratory
birds”.
D.
Interesting
features
of
Hainan.
2.
If
you
visit
Sansha,
you
can
enjoy
natural
views
like
__________.
①
small
islands
②
a
library
③
a
movie
theater
④
sandbanks
⑤
reefs
A.
①②③
B.
②③④
C.
①④⑤
D.
②③⑤
3.
Which
of
the
following
sentences
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Besides
Sanya
and
Haikou,
Boao
is
another
popular
tourist
city.
B.
More
than
1
million
young
couples
go
to
Hainan
in
winter
each
year.
C.
Every
year
in
April,
the
Chinese
government
holds
the
Boao
Forum
for
Asia.
D.
Hainan
has
become
an
international
tourism
destination
because
of
the
forum.
B
A
city
without
cars
would
be
very
strange,
right?
But
Venice(威尼斯)
is
such
a
city.
Venice
is
in
the
northeast
of
Italy.
It
wasn’t
built
on
land,
like
Beijing
or
Shanghai,
but
on
more
than
110
islands.
Seawater
is
everywhere
around
the
city.
Even
so,
travel
isn’t
that
difficult.
The
waterways(水路)
have
always
been
the
best
way
to
get
around.
There
are
117
waterways
and
more
than
400
bridges
that
can
guide
you
where
you
want
to
go.
People
in
Venice
move
from
place
to
place
by
boat.
Water
makes
the
city
special,
but
it
is
also
a
big
problem.
Sometimes
tourists
will
have
such
strange
experiences.
One
moment
they
walk
across
the
Rialto
Bridge,
and
there’s
nothing
special.
But
when
they
come
back
to
the
bridge
an
hour
later,
it’s
underwater
and
everyone
is
wearing
rain
shoes.
Once,
people
used
too
much
underground
water.
This
made
the
city
get
lower
little
by
little.
Now
the
city
has
gone
down
by
23
centimeters.
Another
problem
is
the
rising
seawater.
The
temperature
has
risen
over
the
years.
This
has
made
ice
of
the
Arctic
Ocean
(北冰洋)
melt
(融化).
Every
year,
high
waters
hit
the
city
in
autumn
and
winter.
When
a
lot
of
water
comes,
more
than
half
of
the
city
is
underwater.
Scientists
are
trying
different
ways
to
stop
the
city
from
getting
even
lower.
The
Italian
government
has
asked
some
of
Italy’s
biggest
companies
to
build
the
MOST
project,
which
was
planned
to
be
built
under
the
seawater
to
stop
the
rising
water.
Anyway,
this
project
is
helping
solve
the
problem.
4.
Which
is
the
best
way
to
travel
in
Venice?
A.
The
waterways.
B.
Taxis
and
cars.
C.
400
bridges.
D.
Boats
and
rain
shoes.
5.
What
doesn’t
cause
Venice
to
get
lower
and
lower?
A.
The
ice
of
the
Arctic
Ocean
melt.
B.
Seawater
is
everywhere
around
the
city.
C.
People
used
too
much
underground
water.
D.
The
temperature
has
become
higher
over
the
years.
6.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
passage?
A.
Venice
is
sure
to
stop
getting
lower.
B.
High
waters
won’t
hit
Venice
any
more.
C.
Scientists
can
solve
the
problems
easily.
D.
Some
possible
ways
help
to
solve
the
problem.
7.
What’s
the
best
title
of
this
passage?
A.
The
Places
of
Interest
of
Venice
B.
The
History
of
Venice
C.
The
Specials
and
Problems
of
Venice
D.
The
MOST
Project
of
Venice
参考答案
一、1-5
BAECD
二、1.
visited
2.
arrived
3.
smiled
4.
save
5.
when
6.
quickly
7.
photos
8.
interested
9.
advice
10.
daytime
三、1-3
DCD
4-7
ABDC
