中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
（一）、题型概述
词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。21·cn·jy·com
考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种：
1．在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。
2．专业化程度较高的词。
3．生僻词。
4．常用代词。
此类题旨在考查考生在特定语境中理
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)解词(短语、句子)的能力以及通过上下文或构词法猜测超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此，考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响到这类题的得分率。2·1·c·n·j·y
（二）、选项特点
1．正确选项的特点
(1)相应词语的同义词语。
(2)对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。
2．干扰项的特点
(1)对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
(2)故意丢三落四。
(3)半对半错。
(4)曲解原意。
这些干扰项有时会使用较多原句中的表达方式，给人似是而非的误导，考生要多加注意。
（三）、解题过程中应该注意的问题
1、阅读理解中词义猜测题的审题、解题方法
审题口诀：
词义猜测设迷局，破此迷局很容易。
上文下文来求索，起承转合透信息。
标点符号有暗示，例证、解释是依据。
正确答案取而代，通情达理合逻辑。
2、解题方法：
词义猜测题着重考查考生根据
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。【版权所有：21教育】
、命题方式
词句猜测题常见命题方式：
1．The
underlined
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)word...in
the...paragraph
refers
to/means
“
”．
2．By
saying...in
the
first
paragraph，the
author
means
that
.21教育名师原创作品
3．The
meaning
of...in
Paragraph...is
related
to
.21
cnjy
com
4．Which
of
the
following
has
the
closest
meaning
to...(Paragraph...)?
5．The
underlin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
sentence...in
the...paragraph
probably
means
that
.
6．Which
of
the
following
words
can
take
the
place
of
the
word
“...”?
、技法点拨
1．单词或短语意义猜测
词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)短语之间有并列连词and
或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。
(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据上下文的指代关
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)系进行猜测。文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him
或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。
【典例剖析1】
Rather
unsurpr
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)isingly,
a
massive
77
percent
of
the
people
surveyed
admitted
to
being
obsessed
with
regularly
taking
selfies.
What
was
more
interesting,
though,
was
the
fact
that
an
astonishing
82
percent
of
people
said
that
they
would
rather
see
other
selfies
on
social
media.Diefenbach
calls
this
the
“selfies
paradox”:
the
idea
that
we
like
taking
selfies
but
seriously
dislike
looking
at
other
people’s
selfies
online.
41.
What
does
the
word
“paradox”(paragraph
5)
mean?
A.
complicated
statements
B.
contradictory
statements
C.
constructive
statements
D.
complimentary
statements
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)“the
idea
that
we
like
taking
selfies
but
seriously
dislike
looking
at
other
people’s
selfies
online.”可知，我们喜欢自拍，但不喜欢在网上看别人的自拍，这两点是相互矛盾的，由此可知画线词词义为“相互矛盾的说法”，故B项正确。
【典例剖析2】
Take
the
mystery
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
migration
for
example.
Scientists
can’t
really
explain
why
many
species
of
birds
migrate
in
the
autumn
even
though
the
temperature
is
still
summery.
The
birds
just
seem
to
snub
the
comfortable
weather
that
they
are
having.
When
a
certain
time
comes,
they
travel
south
by
the
thousand.
In
spring
time,
they
migrate
northwards
when
though
there
probably
is
snow
still
covering
the
ground
when
they
finally
arrive.
Something
said
“go”,
and
they
did.21
cnjy
com
37.
The
underlin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
word
“snub”
in
the
third
paragraph
probably
means
________.
A.
fight
B.
ignore
C.
symbolize
D.
criticize
[解析]
词句猜测题。根据上文Scien
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tists
can’t
really
explain
why
many
species
of
birds
migrate
in
the
autumn
even
though
the
temperature
is
still
summery.(科学家无法真正解释为什么许多鸟类在秋天迁徙，即使温度仍然是夏季。)可推断划线句The
birds
just
seem
to
snub
the
comfortable
weather
that
they
are
having．句意：鸟儿似乎在忽视它们所拥有的舒适的天气。结合下文When
a
certain
time
comes,
they
travel
south
by
the
thousand.
(
当某一时刻到来时，它们大批大批地向南旅行。)可知，候鸟不管天气如何，只要到了某个时间就会迁徙，因此推断划线词词义为“忽视”，与ignore意思相近。故答案为B。
【典例剖析3】
Nervous
suspects
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
locked
up
in
Britain's
newest
police
station
may
feel
relieved
by
a
pleasant
yellow
colour
on
the
door.
If
they
are
close
to
confessing
a
crime,
the
blue
on
the
wall
might
tip
the
balance.
56.
The
expres
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sion
“tip
the
balance”
in
paragraph
1
probably
indicates
that
the
blue
might_________.
A.
let
suspects
keep
their
balance.
B.
make
suspects
cold
and
unfriendly
in
law
court.www-2-1-cnjy-com
C.
help
suspects
to
confess
their
crimes.
D.
enable
suspects
to
change
their
attitudes
to
colours.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据Nervous
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
suspects(嫌疑犯)
locked
up
in
Britain's
newest
police
station
may
feel
relieved
by
a
pleasant
yellow
colour
on
the
door.
If
they
are
close
to
confessing
a
crime,
the
blue
on
the
wall
might
tip
the
balance可知，黄色和蓝色是让人放松心情的颜色，所以在坦白罪行的时候能够缓解情绪，有利于罪行的交代，故选C。
【典例剖析4】
I
guess
that
there’s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
probably
some
demanding
work
schedule,
or
social
anxiety
around
stepping
up
to
help
for
an
unknown
sport.
She
may
just
need
a
little
persuading.
So
I
try
again
and
tug
at
the
heartstrings.
I
mention
the
single
parent
with
four
kids
running
the
show
and
I
talk
about
the
dad
coaching
a
team
that
his
kids
aren’t
even
on…
At
this
point
the
unwilling
parent
speaks
up,
“Alright.
Yes,
I’ll
do
it.”
57.
What
does
the
un
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)derlined
phrase
“tug
at
the
heartstrings”
in
paragraph
2
mean?
A.
Encourage
team
work.
B.
Appeal
to
feelings.
C.
Promote
good
deeds.
D.
Provide
advice.
[解析]
词义猜测题。根据划线前句
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)she
may
just
need
a
little
persuading.和下面的一句话I
mention
the
single
parent
with
four
kids
running
the
show
and
I
talk
about
the
dad
coaching
a
team
that
his
kids
aren’t
even
on
...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。21·世纪
教育网
2．句意猜测题
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
具体技巧如下：
(1)返回原文，找到该句，
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。
(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。
【典例剖析1】
Breathtaking
sce
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)nery
and
famous
sights
everywhere.
From
the
legendary
Island
of
Capri
to
the
haunting
ruins
of
Pompeii
,and
from
the
unforgettable
“Amalfi
Drive”
to
the
delightful
resorts
of
Positano,
Sorrento
and
Ravello,
the
area
is
a
feast
for
the
eyes!
Should
you
choose
to
join
us,
we
know
that
you
will
not
be
disappointed!
62.
The
underlined
par
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t
“the
area
is
a
feast
for
the
eyes”
in
the
passage
means
__________.
???
A.
the
area
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)is
pleasing
to
the
eye?
B.
the
area
is
really
unforgettable
C.
the
area
catche
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
the
tourists’
eye???????????????
D.
the
area
is
crowded
with
tourists
[解析]
句子理解题。根据这一段中“Brea
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)thtaking?scenery?and?famous?sights?everywhere?.可猜测出the?area
is
a
feast
for?the?eyes的意思是“这个地方非常令人赏心悦目，故选A。
【典例剖析2】
London
resolved
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)o
live
a
full，
exciting
life．He
once
said，"I
would
rather
be
a
superb
meteor（流星），
every
atom
of
me
in
magnificent
glow，than
a
sleepy
and
permanent
planet．"
Each
day，he
pushed
himself．
Once
London
determined
that
he
was
going
to
be
a
writer，nothing
could
stop
him．His
goal
was
to
write
at
least
one
thousand
words
every
day．He
refused
to
stop
even
when
he
was
sick．In
eighteen
years，the
writer
published
fifty﹣one
books
and
hundreds
of
articles．He
was
the
best﹣selling
and
highest﹣paid
author
of
his
day．Many
people
also
considered
him
to
be
the
best
writer．White
Fang
and
The
Call
of
the
Wild
are
his
most
famous
stories
and
are
about
surviving
in
the
Alaskan
wilderness．Readers
can
enjoy
Jack
London's
energy
and
his
talent
for
telling
wonderful
stories
each
time
they
open
one
of
his
novels．
The
underlined
sen
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tence
in
the
last
paragraph
indicates
that
Jack
London ．
A．is
expert
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
universe．
B．
aims
high
and
strive
to
succeed．
C．is
excited
ab
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)out
life
if
the
wildness．D．
face
a
choice
between
life
and
death．
[解析]
句子理解。根据最后一段
He
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)once
said，
"I
would
rather
be
a
superb
meteor（流星），
every
atom
of
me
in
magnificent
glow，
than
a
sleepy
and
permanent
planet．"
Each
day，
he
pushed
himself．他曾说："我宁愿成为一颗卓越的流星，我的每一个原子都在灿烂的光辉中，也不愿成为一个沉睡的、永恒的行星．"每天，他都在鞭策自己．可知暗示Jack
London要制定高远目标奋斗到成功，故选B．
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
[方法1] 根据上下文语境进行猜测
猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。
【典例1】Salvador
Dali
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)(1904～1989)
was
one
of
the
most
popular
of
modern
artists.The
Pompidou
Centre
in
Paris
is
showing
its
respect
and
admiration
for
the
artist
and
his
powerful
personality
with
an
exhibition
bringing
together
over
200
paintings,
sculptures,
drawings
and
more.Among
the
works
and
masterworks
on
exhibition
the
visitor
will
find
the
best
pieces,
most
importantly
The
Persistence
of
Memory.There
is
also
L'Enigme
sans
Fin
from
1938,
works
on
paper,
objects,
and
projects
for
stage
and
screen
and
selected
parts
from
television
programmes
reflecting
the
artist's
showman
qualities.
The
visitor
will
ent
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)er
the
World
of
Dali
through
an
egg
and
is
met
with
the
beginning,
the
world
of
birth.The
exhibition
follows
a
path
of
time
and
subject
with
the
visitor
exiting
through
the
brain.
The
exhibition
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
shows
how
Dali
draws
the
viewer
between
two
infinities(无限),“From
the
infinity
small
to
the
infinity
large，contraction
and
expansion
coming
in
and
out
of
focus:
amazing
Flemish
accuracy
and
the
showy
Baroque
of
old
painting
that
he
used
in
his
museum－theatre
in
Figueras,”
explains
the
Pompidou
Centre.
The
fine
selection
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
the
major
works
was
done
in
close
collaboration
(合作)
with
the
Museo
Nacional
Reina
Sofia
in
Madrid，Spain，and
with
contributions
from
other
institutions
like
the
Salvador
Dali
Museum
in
St.Petersburg,
Florida.
What
does
the
word
“contributions”
in
the
last
paragraph
refer
to?
A．Artworks.
B．Projects.
C．Donations.
D．Documents.
[解析] 根据最后一段可知，多家博物馆
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)通力合作，共同精选展出作品。文中提到像西班牙马德里的博物馆和圣彼德斯堡的博物馆这样的机构也提供萨尔瓦多·达利的作品参加展览。由此推测，contributions指“作品”。
[答案] A
[方法2] 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
英语文章中的代词one，it，that，
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。
【典例2】You
may
not
have
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
heard
of
Ashoka，but
for
the
past
27
years，this
association，founded
by
Bill
Drayton，has
fought
poverty
and
sickness，promoted
education
and
encouraged
small
businesses.To
support
these
worthy
causes，Ashoka
provides
money
for
the
world's
most
promising
“changemakers”
seeking
to
solve
urgent
problems
and
would
like
to
create
a
world
in
which
every
citizen
is
a
changemaker.
Drayton
believes
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
anyone
can
become
an
agent
for
change.The
important
thing
is
to
simply
give
yourself
permission.If
you
see
a
problem
that
you
care
about，you
can
help
solve
it.The
young
in
particular
are
willing
to
accept
this
concept
because
at
heart
every
child
wants
to
grow
into
a
happy，healthy，contributing
adult.In
fact，it
is
many
young
people's
ambition
to
set
up
programmes
or
businesses
that
improve
social
conditions.An
excellent
example
is
an
Ashoka
project
started
in
1995
in
Dhaka，which
handled
the
rubbish
problem
facing
the
city，helped
local
farmers
and
provided
an
income
for
poor
people
there.
When
Masqsood
and
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
Iftekhar
began
to
study
the
problem
of
all
the
uncollected
rubbish
that
lay
in
Dhaka's
streets，attracting
rats
and
disease，they
discovered
that
80%
of
it
was
natural
waste.So
they
educated
the
poor
people
in
the
city
to
compost
(把……制成堆肥)
this
waste.They
knew
that
they
would
have
a
market
for
the
end
product
because
local
farmers
were
struggling
with
chemical
fertilisers
(化肥)
which
were
expensive
and
had
reduced
the
natural
minerals
in
the
soil
over
the
years.At
first，they
were
refused，but
once
they
were
able
to
persuade
them
that
there
was
money
to
be
made，the
project
took
off.In
2009
sales
were
$14,000.2-1-c-n-j-y
Drayton
is
optimi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)stic
that
in
ten
years
Ashoka
will
be
making
really
serious，practical
progress
in
bringing
about
social
change
by
changing
the
way
we
look
at
economic
development.
The
underlined
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ord
“them”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
refers
to“
________”．
A．the
local
farmers
B．Masqsood
and
Iftekhar
C．Drayton
and
his
team
D．the
poor
people
in
the
city
[解析] 考查代词指代。在1995年，M
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)asqsood和Iftekhar教城里的穷人把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场。起初他们遭到了拒绝，但是当他们使这些人信服这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代“the
poor
people
in
the
city”。
[答案]
D
[方法3] 根据同义或类比关系进行猜测
当词语被并列连词and，or
as
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ell
as所连接或词语之间有just
as，like，similarly等时，前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或相近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词或短语所表达的意义。
【典例3】 [1]．..[2]．..
[3]Something
el
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)se，however，has
been
on
the
rise.While
GM
seeds
are
expensive，GM
companies
tell
farmers
that
they
will
make
good
profits
by
saving
money
on
pesticides
(杀虫剂)．On
the
contrary，US
government
data
show
that
GM
crops
in
the
US
have
produced
an
overall
increase
in
pesticide
use
compared
to
traditional
crops.“The
promise
was
that
you
could
use
less
chemicals
and
boost
production.But
neither
is
true,”
said
Bill
Christison,
President
of
the
US
National
Family
Farm
Coalition.
...
[解析] 联系上下文及boost所在句子的意思可知，其承诺是你能够使用很少的化学物质并且可以提高产量，本题的关键词为and。
[答案]
D
[方法4] 根据定义或解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。此类由定义或解释来猜测词义的方法很多：①表示定义关系的常见信息词有be，mean，represent，be
called/named，be
considered，be
defined
as(被定义为)，be
known
as，refer
to等；②表示同位关系的常见信息词有that
is，that
is
to
say，in
other
words，namely，or
rather(精确地说)等；③有些生词会以破折号、括号、逗号、冒号等暗示读者，解释说明前面的词。21教育网
【典例4】 [1]．..
[2]Do
you
know
what
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)“territory”
is?
A
territory
is
an
area
that
an
animal，usually
the
male，claims
as
its
own.Only
he
and
his
family
are
welcome
there.No
other
families
of
the
same
species
are
welcome.Your
yard
and
house
are
your
territory
where
only
your
family
and
friends
are
welcome.If
a
stranger
should
enter
your
territory
and
threaten
you，you
might
shout.Probably
this
would
be
enough
to
frighten
him
away.
...
What
is
a
bird's
“territory”？
A．A
place
where
families
of
other
species
are
not
accepted.
B．A
place
where
a
bird
may
shout
at
the
top
of
its
voice.
C．An
area
for
which
birds
fight
against
each
other.
D．An
area
which
a
bird
considers
to
be
its
own.
[解析] 文章第二段首先提出什么
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)是“territory”，紧跟着就是对“territory”的解释，由定义可推知，这里“territory”指的是“鸟类的地盘”。
[答案] D
[方法5] 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
在一个句子或段落中，有时
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述，考生可以利用这种关系猜词悟义。表示对比关系的词语主要有however，but，instead，despite，unlike，yet，while，whereas(反之，而，却)，rather
than，instead
of，in
spite
of，on
the
contrary，on
the
other
hand，in
contrast等。21cnjy.com
【典例5】 There
was
a
gard
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ener
who
looked
after
his
garden
with
great
care.To
water
his
flowers，he
used
two
buckets.One
was
a
shiny
and
new
bucket.The
other
was
a
very
old
and
dilapidated
one，which
had
seen
many
years
of
service，but
was
now
past
its
best.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“dilapidated”
probably
mean?
A．Dirty.
B．Dark.
C．Worn－out.
D．Plain－looking.
[解析] 由“one...the
oth
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)er...”结构可知，“old
and
dilapidated”对应前面的“shiny
and
new”。由此可判断dilapidated的意思应与shiny
and
new相反，即worn－out。
[答案] C
[方法6] 根据举例进行猜测
在一些阅读材料中，为了阐明某一种
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)重要观点或者讲清楚某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些，而这些例子恰好为猜测词义提供了重要线索。表示列举关系的信息词有like，for
example，for
instance，such
as，include等。
【典例6】 ...In
his
bo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ok，he
had
challenged
readers
to
make
deep
cuts
in
personal
emissions
to
keep
the
world
from
reaching
extremely
important
tipping
points，such
as
the
melting
of
the
ice
sheets
in
Greenland
or
West
Antarctica...
The
underlined
word
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
“tipping
points”
most
probably
refer
to
“
________”．
A．freezing
points
B．burning
points
C．melting
points
D．boiling
points
[解析] 本题要求猜测tip
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ping
points的意思，根据下文的例子“such
as
the
melting(融化)of
the
ice
sheets
in
Greenland
or
West
Antarctica”可知，tipping
points的意思为“融化点”，与C项同义。
[答案] C
[方法7] 根据因果关系进行猜测
在有些文章或段落中，两种现象或两个事物之间可能会构成因果关系，可以利用这种关系来猜测词义。
【典例7】 [1]．..
[2]Of
course，the
go
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)od
of
oxen
is
not
limited
to
plowing.In
fact，they
are
seen
as
“
boats
on
land”
for
their
ability
to
carry
loads.Besides，the
whole
body
of
an
ox
is
full
of
treasures.Their
meat
and
milk
are
food
full
of
nutrition，and
their
skin
can
be
used
to
make
clothes
and
shoes.With
all
these
qualities，oxen
are
regarded
as
generous
creatures.
...
The
words
“boat
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
on
land”
underlined
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to
________.
A．animals
for
taking
goods
B．creatures
for
pulling
plows
C．treasures
of
the
folk
culture
D．tools
in
the
farming
economy
[解析] 画线部分后的for
their
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)bility
to
carry
loads是对前面的解释说明，由此可以很轻松地得到结果：牛被看作“陆地之舟”，是一种运输货物的动物。
[答案] A
[方法8] 根据构词法进行猜测
英语单词大多是由词根、词头
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成的。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义或改变词性。掌握前缀、后缀规律有助于理解词义。如un－，im－，in－，dis－，il－等前缀与－less等后缀可构成反义词，后缀－ful，－ly，－ism，－ness等可改变词性。
【典例8】The
Sahara
Fest
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ival
is
a
celebration
of
the
very
recent
past.The
three－day
event
is
not
fixed
to
the
same
dates
each
year，but
generally
takes
place
in
November
or
December.It
is
well
attended
by
tourists，but
even
better
attended
by
locals．
During
the
openi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ng
ceremonies，after
the
official
greetings
from
the
government
leaders，people
who
attend
the
festival
begin
to
march
smartly
before
the
viewing
stands，and
white
camels
transport
their
riders
across
the
sands.Horsemen
from
different
nations
display
their
beautiful
clothes
and
their
fine
horsemanship.One
following
another，groups
of
musicians
and
dancers
from
all
over
the
Sahara
take
their
turn
to
show
off
their
wonderful
traditional
culture.Groups
of
men
in
blue
and
yellow
play
horns
(喇叭)
and
beat
drums
as
they
dance
in
different
designs.On
their
knees
in
the
sand，a
group
of
women
in
long
dark
dresses
dance
with
their
hair:
their
long，dark，shiny
hair
is
thrown
back
and
forth
in
the
wind
to
the
rhythm
of
their
dance.
The
local
and
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)visiting
Italian
dogs
are
anxious
to
run
after
hares.The
crowd
is
on
its
feet
for
the
camel
races.Camels
and
riders
run
far
into
the
distance，and
then
return
to
the
finish
line
in
front
of
the
cheering
people.
Towards
the
eveni
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ng，there
comes
the
grand
finale
of
the
opening
day，an
extremely
exciting
horse
race.All
the
riders
run
very
fast
on
the
horseback.Some
riders
hang
off
the
side
of
their
saddles
(马鞍)．Some
even
ride
upside
down—their
legs
and
feet
straight
up
in
the
air—all
at
full
speed.Others
rush
down
the
course
together，men
arm
in
arm，on
different
horses.On
and
on
they
go.So
fast
and
so
wonderful!
The
underlined
word
“
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)finale”
in
the
fourth
paragraph
most
probably
means
the
_______of
the
opening
day.
first
part
B．middle
C．last
part
D．whole
[解析] 由语境“Towards
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
the
evening”以及“final，finale，finally”之间的联系可知该词在此处的意思是开幕式中的是后一项，故答案为C。
[答案] C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
Reading
Comprehension
(节选片段）
I
am
Peter
Hodes,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
a
volunteer
stem
cell
courier.Since
March
2012,
I’ve
done
89
trips—of
those,51
have
been
abroad,
I
have
42
hours
to
carry
stem
cells(干细胞)
in
my
little
box
because
I’ve
got
two
ice
packs
and
that’s
how
long
they
last.In
all,
from
the
time
the
stem
cells
are
harvested
from
a
donor
to
the
time
they
can
be
implanted
in
the
patient,
we’ve
got
72
hours
at
most.
So
I
am
always
conscious
of
time.【出处：21教育名师】
29．Which
of
the
follow
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
can
replace
the
underlined
word
“courier”
in
Paragraph
1?
A．provider
B．delivery
man
C．collector
D．medical
doctor
[答案] B
[解析] 词义猜测题。根
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)据本段第二句中的“I
have
done
89
trips”及“carry
stem
cells”可知，作者是运送干细胞的人，所以选B项。
(节选片段）
Words
can
give
voice
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)o
previously
unknown
feelings
and
thoughts.
That’s
why
it’s
called
the
talking
cure.
But
just
as
words
reveal
so,
too,
can
they
obscure,
and
this
gets
us
to
the
listening
and
feeling
part
of
the
therapy.
Whatever
and
however
the
words
are
delivered,
they
will
have
an
impact
on
me
as
a
therapist.
I
might
feel
hopeless,
I
might
feel
energized,
I
might
feel
pushed
away,
I
might
feel
demanded
of,
I
might
feel
pulled
to
find
solutions.
44.
The
word
"
obsc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ure"(paragraph
3)
is
closest
in
meaning
to________.
A.
cancel
B.
clarify
C.
confirm
D.
conceal
[答案] D
[解析]
词义猜测题。根据第
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)三段中Whatever
and
however
the
words
are
delivered,
they
will
have
an
impact
on
me
as
a
therapist.“无论这些话是怎么说的，它们都会对我这个治疗师产生影响。”可知，But
just
as
words
reveal
so,
too,
can
they
obscure,
and
this
gets
us
to
the
listening
and
feeling
part
of
the
therapy.“但是，正如文字所揭示的那样，它们也会变得模糊，这就把我们带到治疗的倾听和感受部分。”由此推知划线词的意思是“隐藏”。故选D。
(节选片段）
But
Duncan
was
diff
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)erent.
Not
only
was
she
already
talented
enough
to
earn
money
even
at
that
age,
but
she
also
had
a
rare
kind
of
confidence
that
helped
her
treat
troubles
as
fuel
—something
to
elevate
the
fire
that
is
already
burning
inside
of
her.
56.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“treat
troubles
as
fuel”
mean?
A.
Duncan
used
troubles
to
push
her
forward
towards
her
dream.
B.
Duncan
was
good
at
burning
away
everyday
troubles.
C.
Troubles
turned
Duncan
into
a
confident
girl.
D.
Troubles
lit
the
fire
of
dancing
in
Duncan.
[答案] A
[解析]
词义猜测题。根据上
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)文说即使在那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信，尤其是破折号后的something
to
elevate
the
fire
that
is
already
burning
inside
of
her
（能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺）可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选A。
(节选片段）
They
didn’t.Fro
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)m
day
two
(everyone
wanted
to
walk
the
cute
puppy
that
first
day),
neither
thought
to
walk
the
dog.While
I
was
slow
to
accept
that
I
would
be
the
one
to
keep
track
of
her
shots，to
schedule
her
vet
appointments,
to
feed
and
clean
her,
Misty
knew
this
on
day
one.As
she
looked
up
at
the
three
new
humans
in
her
life
(small,
medium，and
large),
she
calculated,
“The
medium
one
is
the
sucker
in
the
pack.”
Quickly,
she
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
and
I
developed
something
very
similar
to
a
Vulcan
mind
meld(心灵融合)．She’d
look
at
me
with
those
sad
brown
eyes
of
hers,
beam
her
need,
and
then
wait,
trusting
I
would
understand—which,
strangely,
I
almost
always
did.In
no
time,
she
became
my
fifth
appendage(附肢),
snoring
on
my
home?office
couch
as
I
worked,
cradling
against
my
feet
as
I
read,
and
splaying
across
my
stomach
as
I
watched
television.
56．Which
of
the
fo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)llowing
is
the
closest
in
meaning
to
“The
medium
one
is
the
sucker
in
the
pack.”?
A．“The
middle?aged
person
loves
me
most.”
B．“The
medium?sized
woman
is
the
hostess.”
C．“The
man
in
the
middle
is
the
one
who
has
the
final
say.”
D．“The
woman
is
the
kind
and
trustworthy
one
in
the
family.”
[答案] D
[解析] 句意猜测题。根据前面的内容可知，
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)在狗Misty眼里，small指女儿，medium指作者，large指丈夫，再结合从第二天起照看狗就成了作者的工作可知，这句话的意思是“女人在家庭中是友好而又值得信任的”。故选D项。需要注意的是这句话是狗的心理活动。
(E)
In
2012,
James
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Cameron,
creator
of
Avatar
and
Titanic,
became
the
first
person
to
reach
the
Challenger
Deep.
When
he
arrived
at
the
deepest
spot
on
Earth
at
7
miles
below
sea
level,
he
spent
hours
mapping
the
region
and
taking
photos
and
samples.
“As
human
beings,
we’
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)re
drawn
to
absolutes—the
deepest,
the
highest,
the
coldest,
the
farthest,”
he
says.
“And
as
a
storyteller
and
curious
monkey,
I
just
wanted
to
see
what
was
there.”
The
answer
is
obvious—plastic
and
more.
“Our
so-called
civilization
is
using
the
ocean
as
its
toilet,”
Cameron
says.
“Unless
this
changes,
ocean
ecosystems
are
going
to
continue
their
rapid
collapse.”
Despite
decades
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
environmental
studies,
the
impact
of
plastic
and
other
forms
of
pollution
on
oceans
are
not
entirely
understood.
Initial
studies
appear
to
indicate
that
ingesting(摄取)
them—either
directly
or
indirectly—could
cause
disease.
Plastics
can
also
release
poisonous
substances
into
the
water,
which
could
potentially
impact
animal
populations.
But
plastic
is
just
one
of
the
problems
facing
oceans
that
have
yet
to
be
fully
understood.
“Plastic
waste
in
the
ocean
is
horrifying
but
is
only
the
most
obvious
of
our
many
deadly
waste
streams,
which
include
carbon
that’s
heating
the
atmosphere
and
making
the
ocean
acidic,
and
the
run-off
nutrients
from
all
the
world’s
agriculture,
which
is
causing
anoxic(缺氧)
dead
zones
the
size
of
countries,”
Cameron
says.
Oceans,
like
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
the
rest
of
the
world,
are
impacted
by
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels
and
the
release
of
greenhouse
gases
like
carbon
dioxide—about
30
percent
of
which
is
absorbed
by
the
sea.
This
absorption
causes
ocean
acidi?cation,
where
the
pH
level
is
altered
to
become
more
acidic.
As
a
result,
it’s
harder
for
some
creatures
to
form
shells
and
skeletons
and
countless
species
at
the
base
of
the
food
web
can
struggle
to
survive,
which,
scientists
say,
has
the
potential
to
cause
huge
disruptions
to
entire
ecosystems.
Indeed,
ocean
acidi?cation
is
thought
to
have
played
an
important
role
in
Earth’s
worst-ever
mass
extinction
event
252
million
years
ago.
The
effect
of
climate
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)change
on
the
world’s
oceans
will
likely
worsen
in
coming
decades.
Last
June,
scientists
announced
carbon
dioxide
levels
had
reached
the
highest
levels
since
human
records
began.
The
last
time
carbon
dioxide
levels
were
this
high
was
during
the
Pliocene
era,
between
3
and
5
million
years
ago,
when
global
temperatures
were
about
4
degrees
Celsius
warmer
than
they
are
today.
Current
climate
models
suggest
that
if
greenhouse
gas
emissions
continue
on
their
current
trend,
we
may
be
on
course
to
see
4
degrees
of
warming
by
2100.
As
a
result,
understa
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)nding
the
role
oceans
have
on
global
systems
is
becoming
more
and
more
important.
36.
What
are
the
first
two
paragraphs
mainly
about?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A.
The
author’s
feeli
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ngs
to
the
ocean.
B.
Cameron’s
movies
and
remarks.
C.
The
author’s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
discoveries
under
the
sea.
D.
Cameron’s
observation
and
concern.
37.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
passage?
A.
Several
countries
are
suffering
from
anoxic
dead
zones.
B.
More
concern
should
have
been
given
to
the
pollution
on
oceans.
C.
Plastic
is
supposed
to
be
the
most
serious
environmental
problem.
D.
Ocean
acidif
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ication
removes
the
nutrients
from
agricultural
products.
38.
What
does
the
unde
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rlined
word
“disruptions”
in
Paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Decreases.
B.
Destruction.
C.
Diseases.
D.
Discrimination.
39.
Why
does
the
aut
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hor
mention
the
mass
extinction
event
252
million
years
ago?
A.
To
call
on
people
to
protect
sea
animals.
B.
To
compare
current
situations
with
the
past.
C.
To
explain
how
serious
the
ocean
problem
is.
D.
To
prove
pollution
to
be
the
cause
of
acidification.www.21-cn-jy.com
【答案】36.
D
37.
B
38.
B
39.
C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章由詹姆斯·卡梅隆
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的一次潜航经历引入，从气候变化、环境污染等不同方面描述了海洋生态系统正在遭受的巨大破坏，告诫人们提高对海洋环境的重视。【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。前两段讲述了
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)大导演卡梅隆潜航至世界上海洋最深处，却看到了许多塑料垃圾。他发声称“Unless
this
changes,
ocean
ecosystems
are
going
to
continue
their
rapid
collapse.”意为“如果还不做出改变，海洋生态系统将会继续崩塌下去”。这正是他的所观所想。故选D项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Plastic
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)aste
in
the
ocean
is
horrifying
but
is
only
the
most
obvious
of
our
many
deadly
waste
streams,
which
include
carbon
that’s
heating
the
atmosphere
and
making
the
ocean
acidic,
and
the
run-off
nutrients
from
all
the
world’s
agriculture,
which
is
causing
anoxic(缺氧的)
dead
zones
the
size
of
countries”可知，塑料垃圾的影响显而易见但也不能忽视其他废物排泄对海洋造成的影响，人们对海洋污染的关注仅仅着眼于塑料垃圾是远远不够的。故选B项。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。A.
Decre
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ases减少B.
Destruction破坏C.
Diseases疾病D.
Discrimination歧视。分析划线词所在句子可知，一些生物难以生长甲壳和骨骼，许多的处于食物链底端的生物生存也十分艰难，这对整个生态系统无疑是造成破坏的。故选B项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。第五段最后一句“
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Indeed,
ocean
acidi?cation
is
thought
to
have
played
an
important
role
in
Earth’s
worst-ever
mass
extinction
event
252
million
years
ago.”提及了两亿五千二百万年前的物种大灭绝，海洋酸化在其中扮演了重要角色，时下我们面临的情况也在朝着这个方向演进，这正是在说明情况的严峻性。故选C项。21世纪教育网版权所有
高考阅读理解专题之词义猜测题解题方法
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
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2
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2
页）
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"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
（一）、题型概述
词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。21·cn·jy·com
考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种：
1．在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。
2．专业化程度较高的词。
3．生僻词。
4．常用代词。
此类题旨在考查考生在特定语境中理
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)解词(短语、句子)的能力以及通过上下文或构词法猜测超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此，考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响到这类题的得分率。2·1·c·n·j·y
（二）、选项特点
1．正确选项的特点
(1)相应词语的同义词语。
(2)对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。
2．干扰项的特点
(1)对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
(2)故意丢三落四。
(3)半对半错。
(4)曲解原意。
这些干扰项有时会使用较多原句中的表达方式，给人似是而非的误导，考生要多加注意。
（三）、解题过程中应该注意的问题
1、阅读理解中词义猜测题的审题、解题方法
审题口诀：
词义猜测设迷局，破此迷局很容易。
上文下文来求索，起承转合透信息。
标点符号有暗示，例证、解释是依据。
正确答案取而代，通情达理合逻辑。
2、解题方法：
词义猜测题着重考查考生根据
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。【版权所有：21教育】
、命题方式
词句猜测题常见命题方式：
1．The
underlined
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)word...in
the...paragraph
refers
to/means
“
”．
2．By
saying...in
the
first
paragraph，the
author
means
that
.21教育名师原创作品
3．The
meaning
of...in
Paragraph...is
related
to
.21
cnjy
com
4．Which
of
the
following
has
the
closest
meaning
to...(Paragraph...)?
5．The
underlin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
sentence...in
the...paragraph
probably
means
that
.
6．Which
of
the
following
words
can
take
the
place
of
the
word
“...”?
、技法点拨
1．单词或短语意义猜测
词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)短语之间有并列连词and
或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。
(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据上下文的指代关
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)系进行猜测。文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him
或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。
【典例剖析1】
Rather
unsurpr
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)isingly,
a
massive
77
percent
of
the
people
surveyed
admitted
to
being
obsessed
with
regularly
taking
selfies.
What
was
more
interesting,
though,
was
the
fact
that
an
astonishing
82
percent
of
people
said
that
they
would
rather
see
other
selfies
on
social
media.Diefenbach
calls
this
the
“selfies
paradox”:
the
idea
that
we
like
taking
selfies
but
seriously
dislike
looking
at
other
people’s
selfies
online.
41.
What
does
the
word
“paradox”(paragraph
5)
mean?
A.
complicated
statements
B.
contradictory
statements
C.
constructive
statements
D.
complimentary
statements
【典例剖析2】
Take
the
mystery
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
migration
for
example.
Scientists
can’t
really
explain
why
many
species
of
birds
migrate
in
the
autumn
even
though
the
temperature
is
still
summery.
The
birds
just
seem
to
snub
the
comfortable
weather
that
they
are
having.
When
a
certain
time
comes,
they
travel
south
by
the
thousand.
In
spring
time,
they
migrate
northwards
when
though
there
probably
is
snow
still
covering
the
ground
when
they
finally
arrive.
Something
said
“go”,
and
they
did.21
cnjy
com
37.
The
underlin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
word
“snub”
in
the
third
paragraph
probably
means
________.
A.
fight
B.
ignore
C.
symbolize
D.
criticize
【典例剖析3】
Nervous
suspects
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
locked
up
in
Britain's
newest
police
station
may
feel
relieved
by
a
pleasant
yellow
colour
on
the
door.
If
they
are
close
to
confessing
a
crime,
the
blue
on
the
wall
might
tip
the
balance.
56.
The
expres
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sion
“tip
the
balance”
in
paragraph
1
probably
indicates
that
the
blue
might_________.
A.
let
suspects
keep
their
balance.
B.
make
suspects
cold
and
unfriendly
in
law
court.www-2-1-cnjy-com
C.
help
suspects
to
confess
their
crimes.
D.
enable
suspects
to
change
their
attitudes
to
colours.
【典例剖析4】
I
guess
that
there’s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
probably
some
demanding
work
schedule,
or
social
anxiety
around
stepping
up
to
help
for
an
unknown
sport.
She
may
just
need
a
little
persuading.
So
I
try
again
and
tug
at
the
heartstrings.
I
mention
the
single
parent
with
four
kids
running
the
show
and
I
talk
about
the
dad
coaching
a
team
that
his
kids
aren’t
even
on…
At
this
point
the
unwilling
parent
speaks
up,
“Alright.
Yes,
I’ll
do
it.”
57.
What
does
the
un
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)derlined
phrase
“tug
at
the
heartstrings”
in
paragraph
2
mean?
A.
Encourage
team
work.
B.
Appeal
to
feelings.
C.
Promote
good
deeds.
D.
Provide
advice.
2．句意猜测题
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
具体技巧如下：
(1)返回原文，找到该句，
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。
(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。
【典例剖析1】
Breathtaking
sce
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)nery
and
famous
sights
everywhere.
From
the
legendary
Island
of
Capri
to
the
haunting
ruins
of
Pompeii
,and
from
the
unforgettable
“Amalfi
Drive”
to
the
delightful
resorts
of
Positano,
Sorrento
and
Ravello,
the
area
is
a
feast
for
the
eyes!
Should
you
choose
to
join
us,
we
know
that
you
will
not
be
disappointed!
62.
The
underlined
par
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t
“the
area
is
a
feast
for
the
eyes”
in
the
passage
means
__________.
???
A.
the
area
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)is
pleasing
to
the
eye?
B.
the
area
is
really
unforgettable
C.
the
area
catche
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
the
tourists’
eye???????????????
D.
the
area
is
crowded
with
tourists
【典例剖析2】
London
resolved
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)o
live
a
full，
exciting
life．He
once
said，"I
would
rather
be
a
superb
meteor（流星），
every
atom
of
me
in
magnificent
glow，than
a
sleepy
and
permanent
planet．"
Each
day，he
pushed
himself．
Once
London
determined
that
he
was
going
to
be
a
writer，nothing
could
stop
him．His
goal
was
to
write
at
least
one
thousand
words
every
day．He
refused
to
stop
even
when
he
was
sick．In
eighteen
years，the
writer
published
fifty﹣one
books
and
hundreds
of
articles．He
was
the
best﹣selling
and
highest﹣paid
author
of
his
day．Many
people
also
considered
him
to
be
the
best
writer．White
Fang
and
The
Call
of
the
Wild
are
his
most
famous
stories
and
are
about
surviving
in
the
Alaskan
wilderness．Readers
can
enjoy
Jack
London's
energy
and
his
talent
for
telling
wonderful
stories
each
time
they
open
one
of
his
novels．
The
underlined
sen
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tence
in
the
last
paragraph
indicates
that
Jack
London ．
A．is
expert
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
universe．
B．
aims
high
and
strive
to
succeed．
C．is
excited
ab
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)out
life
if
the
wildness．D．
face
a
choice
between
life
and
death．
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
[方法1] 根据上下文语境进行猜测
猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。
【典例1】Salvador
Dali
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)(1904～1989)
was
one
of
the
most
popular
of
modern
artists.The
Pompidou
Centre
in
Paris
is
showing
its
respect
and
admiration
for
the
artist
and
his
powerful
personality
with
an
exhibition
bringing
together
over
200
paintings,
sculptures,
drawings
and
more.Among
the
works
and
masterworks
on
exhibition
the
visitor
will
find
the
best
pieces,
most
importantly
The
Persistence
of
Memory.There
is
also
L'Enigme
sans
Fin
from
1938,
works
on
paper,
objects,
and
projects
for
stage
and
screen
and
selected
parts
from
television
programmes
reflecting
the
artist's
showman
qualities.
The
visitor
will
ent
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)er
the
World
of
Dali
through
an
egg
and
is
met
with
the
beginning,
the
world
of
birth.The
exhibition
follows
a
path
of
time
and
subject
with
the
visitor
exiting
through
the
brain.
The
exhibition
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
shows
how
Dali
draws
the
viewer
between
two
infinities(无限),“From
the
infinity
small
to
the
infinity
large，contraction
and
expansion
coming
in
and
out
of
focus:
amazing
Flemish
accuracy
and
the
showy
Baroque
of
old
painting
that
he
used
in
his
museum－theatre
in
Figueras,”
explains
the
Pompidou
Centre.
The
fine
selection
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
the
major
works
was
done
in
close
collaboration
(合作)
with
the
Museo
Nacional
Reina
Sofia
in
Madrid，Spain，and
with
contributions
from
other
institutions
like
the
Salvador
Dali
Museum
in
St.Petersburg,
Florida.
What
does
the
word
“contributions”
in
the
last
paragraph
refer
to?
A．Artworks.
B．Projects.
C．Donations.
D．Documents.
[方法2] 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
英语文章中的代词one，it，that，
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。
【典例2】You
may
not
have
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
heard
of
Ashoka，but
for
the
past
27
years，this
association，founded
by
Bill
Drayton，has
fought
poverty
and
sickness，promoted
education
and
encouraged
small
businesses.To
support
these
worthy
causes，Ashoka
provides
money
for
the
world's
most
promising
“changemakers”
seeking
to
solve
urgent
problems
and
would
like
to
create
a
world
in
which
every
citizen
is
a
changemaker.
Drayton
believes
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
anyone
can
become
an
agent
for
change.The
important
thing
is
to
simply
give
yourself
permission.If
you
see
a
problem
that
you
care
about，you
can
help
solve
it.The
young
in
particular
are
willing
to
accept
this
concept
because
at
heart
every
child
wants
to
grow
into
a
happy，healthy，contributing
adult.In
fact，it
is
many
young
people's
ambition
to
set
up
programmes
or
businesses
that
improve
social
conditions.An
excellent
example
is
an
Ashoka
project
started
in
1995
in
Dhaka，which
handled
the
rubbish
problem
facing
the
city，helped
local
farmers
and
provided
an
income
for
poor
people
there.
When
Masqsood
and
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
Iftekhar
began
to
study
the
problem
of
all
the
uncollected
rubbish
that
lay
in
Dhaka's
streets，attracting
rats
and
disease，they
discovered
that
80%
of
it
was
natural
waste.So
they
educated
the
poor
people
in
the
city
to
compost
(把……制成堆肥)
this
waste.They
knew
that
they
would
have
a
market
for
the
end
product
because
local
farmers
were
struggling
with
chemical
fertilisers
(化肥)
which
were
expensive
and
had
reduced
the
natural
minerals
in
the
soil
over
the
years.At
first，they
were
refused，but
once
they
were
able
to
persuade
them
that
there
was
money
to
be
made，the
project
took
off.In
2009
sales
were
$14,000.2-1-c-n-j-y
Drayton
is
optimi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)stic
that
in
ten
years
Ashoka
will
be
making
really
serious，practical
progress
in
bringing
about
social
change
by
changing
the
way
we
look
at
economic
development.
The
underlined
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ord
“them”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
refers
to“
________”．
A．the
local
farmers
B．Masqsood
and
Iftekhar
C．Drayton
and
his
team
D．the
poor
people
in
the
city
[方法3] 根据同义或类比关系进行猜测
当词语被并列连词and，or
as
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ell
as所连接或词语之间有just
as，like，similarly等时，前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或相近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词或短语所表达的意义。
【典例3】 [1]．..[2]．..
[3]Something
el
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)se，however，has
been
on
the
rise.While
GM
seeds
are
expensive，GM
companies
tell
farmers
that
they
will
make
good
profits
by
saving
money
on
pesticides
(杀虫剂)．On
the
contrary，US
government
data
show
that
GM
crops
in
the
US
have
produced
an
overall
increase
in
pesticide
use
compared
to
traditional
crops.“The
promise
was
that
you
could
use
less
chemicals
and
boost
production.But
neither
is
true,”
said
Bill
Christison,
President
of
the
US
National
Family
Farm
Coalition.
...
[方法4] 根据定义或解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。此类由定义或解释来猜测词义的方法很多：①表示定义关系的常见信息词有be，mean，represent，be
called/named，be
considered，be
defined
as(被定义为)，be
known
as，refer
to等；②表示同位关系的常见信息词有that
is，that
is
to
say，in
other
words，namely，or
rather(精确地说)等；③有些生词会以破折号、括号、逗号、冒号等暗示读者，解释说明前面的词。21教育网
【典例4】 [1]．..
[2]Do
you
know
what
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)“territory”
is?
A
territory
is
an
area
that
an
animal，usually
the
male，claims
as
its
own.Only
he
and
his
family
are
welcome
there.No
other
families
of
the
same
species
are
welcome.Your
yard
and
house
are
your
territory
where
only
your
family
and
friends
are
welcome.If
a
stranger
should
enter
your
territory
and
threaten
you，you
might
shout.Probably
this
would
be
enough
to
frighten
him
away.
...
What
is
a
bird's
“territory”？
A．A
place
where
families
of
other
species
are
not
accepted.
B．A
place
where
a
bird
may
shout
at
the
top
of
its
voice.
C．An
area
for
which
birds
fight
against
each
other.
D．An
area
which
a
bird
considers
to
be
its
own.
[方法5] 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
在一个句子或段落中，有时
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述，考生可以利用这种关系猜词悟义。表示对比关系的词语主要有however，but，instead，despite，unlike，yet，while，whereas(反之，而，却)，rather
than，instead
of，in
spite
of，on
the
contrary，on
the
other
hand，in
contrast等。21cnjy.com
【典例5】 There
was
a
gard
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ener
who
looked
after
his
garden
with
great
care.To
water
his
flowers，he
used
two
buckets.One
was
a
shiny
and
new
bucket.The
other
was
a
very
old
and
dilapidated
one，which
had
seen
many
years
of
service，but
was
now
past
its
best.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“dilapidated”
probably
mean?
A．Dirty.
B．Dark.
C．Worn－out.
D．Plain－looking.
[方法6] 根据举例进行猜测
在一些阅读材料中，为了阐明某一种
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)重要观点或者讲清楚某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些，而这些例子恰好为猜测词义提供了重要线索。表示列举关系的信息词有like，for
example，for
instance，such
as，include等。
【典例6】 ...In
his
bo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ok，he
had
challenged
readers
to
make
deep
cuts
in
personal
emissions
to
keep
the
world
from
reaching
extremely
important
tipping
points，such
as
the
melting
of
the
ice
sheets
in
Greenland
or
West
Antarctica...
The
underlined
word
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
“tipping
points”
most
probably
refer
to
“
________”．
A．freezing
points
B．burning
points
C．melting
points
D．boiling
points
[方法7] 根据因果关系进行猜测
在有些文章或段落中，两种现象或两个事物之间可能会构成因果关系，可以利用这种关系来猜测词义。
【典例7】 [1]．..
[2]Of
course，the
go
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)od
of
oxen
is
not
limited
to
plowing.In
fact，they
are
seen
as
“
boats
on
land”
for
their
ability
to
carry
loads.Besides，the
whole
body
of
an
ox
is
full
of
treasures.Their
meat
and
milk
are
food
full
of
nutrition，and
their
skin
can
be
used
to
make
clothes
and
shoes.With
all
these
qualities，oxen
are
regarded
as
generous
creatures.
...
The
words
“boat
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
on
land”
underlined
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to
________.
A．animals
for
taking
goods
B．creatures
for
pulling
plows
C．treasures
of
the
folk
culture
D．tools
in
the
farming
economy
[方法8] 根据构词法进行猜测
英语单词大多是由词根、词头
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成的。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义或改变词性。掌握前缀、后缀规律有助于理解词义。如un－，im－，in－，dis－，il－等前缀与－less等后缀可构成反义词，后缀－ful，－ly，－ism，－ness等可改变词性。
【典例8】The
Sahara
Fest
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ival
is
a
celebration
of
the
very
recent
past.The
three－day
event
is
not
fixed
to
the
same
dates
each
year，but
generally
takes
place
in
November
or
December.It
is
well
attended
by
tourists，but
even
better
attended
by
locals．
During
the
openi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ng
ceremonies，after
the
official
greetings
from
the
government
leaders，people
who
attend
the
festival
begin
to
march
smartly
before
the
viewing
stands，and
white
camels
transport
their
riders
across
the
sands.Horsemen
from
different
nations
display
their
beautiful
clothes
and
their
fine
horsemanship.One
following
another，groups
of
musicians
and
dancers
from
all
over
the
Sahara
take
their
turn
to
show
off
their
wonderful
traditional
culture.Groups
of
men
in
blue
and
yellow
play
horns
(喇叭)
and
beat
drums
as
they
dance
in
different
designs.On
their
knees
in
the
sand，a
group
of
women
in
long
dark
dresses
dance
with
their
hair:
their
long，dark，shiny
hair
is
thrown
back
and
forth
in
the
wind
to
the
rhythm
of
their
dance.
The
local
and
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)visiting
Italian
dogs
are
anxious
to
run
after
hares.The
crowd
is
on
its
feet
for
the
camel
races.Camels
and
riders
run
far
into
the
distance，and
then
return
to
the
finish
line
in
front
of
the
cheering
people.
Towards
the
eveni
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ng，there
comes
the
grand
finale
of
the
opening
day，an
extremely
exciting
horse
race.All
the
riders
run
very
fast
on
the
horseback.Some
riders
hang
off
the
side
of
their
saddles
(马鞍)．Some
even
ride
upside
down—their
legs
and
feet
straight
up
in
the
air—all
at
full
speed.Others
rush
down
the
course
together，men
arm
in
arm，on
different
horses.On
and
on
they
go.So
fast
and
so
wonderful!
The
underlined
word
“
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)finale”
in
the
fourth
paragraph
most
probably
means
the
_______of
the
opening
day.
first
part
B．middle
C．last
part
D．whole
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
Reading
Comprehension
(节选片段）
I
am
Peter
Hodes,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
a
volunteer
stem
cell
courier.Since
March
2012,
I’ve
done
89
trips—of
those,51
have
been
abroad,
I
have
42
hours
to
carry
stem
cells(干细胞)
in
my
little
box
because
I’ve
got
two
ice
packs
and
that’s
how
long
they
last.In
all,
from
the
time
the
stem
cells
are
harvested
from
a
donor
to
the
time
they
can
be
implanted
in
the
patient,
we’ve
got
72
hours
at
most.
So
I
am
always
conscious
of
time.【出处：21教育名师】
29．Which
of
the
follow
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
can
replace
the
underlined
word
“courier”
in
Paragraph
1?
A．provider
B．delivery
man
C．collector
D．medical
doctor
(节选片段）
Words
can
give
voice
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)o
previously
unknown
feelings
and
thoughts.
That’s
why
it’s
called
the
talking
cure.
But
just
as
words
reveal
so,
too,
can
they
obscure,
and
this
gets
us
to
the
listening
and
feeling
part
of
the
therapy.
Whatever
and
however
the
words
are
delivered,
they
will
have
an
impact
on
me
as
a
therapist.
I
might
feel
hopeless,
I
might
feel
energized,
I
might
feel
pushed
away,
I
might
feel
demanded
of,
I
might
feel
pulled
to
find
solutions.
44.
The
word
"
obsc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ure"(paragraph
3)
is
closest
in
meaning
to________.
A.
cancel
B.
clarify
C.
confirm
D.
conceal
(节选片段）
But
Duncan
was
diff
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)erent.
Not
only
was
she
already
talented
enough
to
earn
money
even
at
that
age,
but
she
also
had
a
rare
kind
of
confidence
that
helped
her
treat
troubles
as
fuel
—something
to
elevate
the
fire
that
is
already
burning
inside
of
her.
56.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“treat
troubles
as
fuel”
mean?
A.
Duncan
used
troubles
to
push
her
forward
towards
her
dream.
B.
Duncan
was
good
at
burning
away
everyday
troubles.
C.
Troubles
turned
Duncan
into
a
confident
girl.
D.
Troubles
lit
the
fire
of
dancing
in
Duncan.
(节选片段）
They
didn’t.Fro
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)m
day
two
(everyone
wanted
to
walk
the
cute
puppy
that
first
day),
neither
thought
to
walk
the
dog.While
I
was
slow
to
accept
that
I
would
be
the
one
to
keep
track
of
her
shots，to
schedule
her
vet
appointments,
to
feed
and
clean
her,
Misty
knew
this
on
day
one.As
she
looked
up
at
the
three
new
humans
in
her
life
(small,
medium，and
large),
she
calculated,
“The
medium
one
is
the
sucker
in
the
pack.”
Quickly,
she
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
and
I
developed
something
very
similar
to
a
Vulcan
mind
meld(心灵融合)．She’d
look
at
me
with
those
sad
brown
eyes
of
hers,
beam
her
need,
and
then
wait,
trusting
I
would
understand—which,
strangely,
I
almost
always
did.In
no
time,
she
became
my
fifth
appendage(附肢),
snoring
on
my
home?office
couch
as
I
worked,
cradling
against
my
feet
as
I
read,
and
splaying
across
my
stomach
as
I
watched
television.
56．Which
of
the
fo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)llowing
is
the
closest
in
meaning
to
“The
medium
one
is
the
sucker
in
the
pack.”?
A．“The
middle?aged
person
loves
me
most.”
B．“The
medium?sized
woman
is
the
hostess.”
C．“The
man
in
the
middle
is
the
one
who
has
the
final
say.”
D．“The
woman
is
the
kind
and
trustworthy
one
in
the
family.”
(E)
In
2012,
James
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Cameron,
creator
of
Avatar
and
Titanic,
became
the
first
person
to
reach
the
Challenger
Deep.
When
he
arrived
at
the
deepest
spot
on
Earth
at
7
miles
below
sea
level,
he
spent
hours
mapping
the
region
and
taking
photos
and
samples.
“As
human
beings,
we’
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)re
drawn
to
absolutes—the
deepest,
the
highest,
the
coldest,
the
farthest,”
he
says.
“And
as
a
storyteller
and
curious
monkey,
I
just
wanted
to
see
what
was
there.”
The
answer
is
obvious—plastic
and
more.
“Our
so-called
civilization
is
using
the
ocean
as
its
toilet,”
Cameron
says.
“Unless
this
changes,
ocean
ecosystems
are
going
to
continue
their
rapid
collapse.”
Despite
decades
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
environmental
studies,
the
impact
of
plastic
and
other
forms
of
pollution
on
oceans
are
not
entirely
understood.
Initial
studies
appear
to
indicate
that
ingesting(摄取)
them—either
directly
or
indirectly—could
cause
disease.
Plastics
can
also
release
poisonous
substances
into
the
water,
which
could
potentially
impact
animal
populations.
But
plastic
is
just
one
of
the
problems
facing
oceans
that
have
yet
to
be
fully
understood.
“Plastic
waste
in
the
ocean
is
horrifying
but
is
only
the
most
obvious
of
our
many
deadly
waste
streams,
which
include
carbon
that’s
heating
the
atmosphere
and
making
the
ocean
acidic,
and
the
run-off
nutrients
from
all
the
world’s
agriculture,
which
is
causing
anoxic(缺氧)
dead
zones
the
size
of
countries,”
Cameron
says.
Oceans,
like
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
the
rest
of
the
world,
are
impacted
by
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels
and
the
release
of
greenhouse
gases
like
carbon
dioxide—about
30
percent
of
which
is
absorbed
by
the
sea.
This
absorption
causes
ocean
acidi?cation,
where
the
pH
level
is
altered
to
become
more
acidic.
As
a
result,
it’s
harder
for
some
creatures
to
form
shells
and
skeletons
and
countless
species
at
the
base
of
the
food
web
can
struggle
to
survive,
which,
scientists
say,
has
the
potential
to
cause
huge
disruptions
to
entire
ecosystems.
Indeed,
ocean
acidi?cation
is
thought
to
have
played
an
important
role
in
Earth’s
worst-ever
mass
extinction
event
252
million
years
ago.
The
effect
of
climate
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)change
on
the
world’s
oceans
will
likely
worsen
in
coming
decades.
Last
June,
scientists
announced
carbon
dioxide
levels
had
reached
the
highest
levels
since
human
records
began.
The
last
time
carbon
dioxide
levels
were
this
high
was
during
the
Pliocene
era,
between
3
and
5
million
years
ago,
when
global
temperatures
were
about
4
degrees
Celsius
warmer
than
they
are
today.
Current
climate
models
suggest
that
if
greenhouse
gas
emissions
continue
on
their
current
trend,
we
may
be
on
course
to
see
4
degrees
of
warming
by
2100.
As
a
result,
understa
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)nding
the
role
oceans
have
on
global
systems
is
becoming
more
and
more
important.
36.
What
are
the
first
two
paragraphs
mainly
about?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A.
The
author’s
feeli
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ngs
to
the
ocean.
B.
Cameron’s
movies
and
remarks.
C.
The
author’s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
discoveries
under
the
sea.
D.
Cameron’s
observation
and
concern.
37.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
passage?
A.
Several
countries
are
suffering
from
anoxic
dead
zones.
B.
More
concern
should
have
been
given
to
the
pollution
on
oceans.
C.
Plastic
is
supposed
to
be
the
most
serious
environmental
problem.
D.
Ocean
acidif
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ication
removes
the
nutrients
from
agricultural
products.
38.
What
does
the
unde
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rlined
word
“disruptions”
in
Paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Decreases.
B.
Destruction.
C.
Diseases.
D.
Discrimination.
39.
Why
does
the
aut
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hor
mention
the
mass
extinction
event
252
million
years
ago?
A.
To
call
on
people
to
protect
sea
animals.
B.
To
compare
current
situations
with
the
past.
C.
To
explain
how
serious
the
ocean
problem
is.
D.
To
prove
pollution
to
be
the
cause
of
acidification.www.21-cn-jy.com
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