人教版必修二Unit 3 computers Language Points学案

1240790011811000Unit 3 computers Language Points学案
[语 言 基 础 自 测]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Chinese scientists have not given up the dream to explore (探索) deep space.
2．A lot of problems remain to be solved (解决)．
3．They have accepted my application (申请) to join the club.
4．Anyhow (无论如何)，I must finish this job today.
5．We should calculate (估算) the normal value of the building.
6．His goal is to get a good job and support his family.
7．They must have a(n) intelligence test before taking the job.
8．Computer programming needs someone with a logical mind.
9．The moment I went into the exam classroom，I totally forgot all the knowledge I had learned.
10．Emergency line operator must always stay calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的
2．operate vt.操作；动手术→operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员
3．technology n．工艺；科技；技术→technological adj.科技的
4．intelligence n．智力；智能→intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的
5．real adj.真的→really adv.真正地；实际上→reality n．真实；事实；现实
6．calculate vt.计算→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算

v.＋?or→n.
adj.＋?ity→n.
visitor　　访问者，参观者
actor 演员
translator 翻译者
activity　　活动
ability 能力；才能
equality 平等
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．work out 　 想出；计算出
2．compare...with ... 把……与……比较
3．as a result 结果
4．have ...in common 有共同点；共享……
5．go by 经过；逝去
6．share sth.with sb. 与某人分享某物
7．from ...on 从……时起
8．provide sb.with sth. 向某人提供某物
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．You can't let an opportunity like that go_by．
2．He made one big mistake，and，as_a_result，he lost his job.
3．Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer.
4．To my surprise，I found I had a lot in_common with this stranger.
5．She went to great pains to see that all her guests were_provided_with whatever they needed.

v.＋out→动词短语
v.＋...＋with...→动词短语
check out 检查，查看
come out 出来，出版
find out 查明，发现
take ...with sb.
把……带在某人身边
help sb.with...
在……帮助某人
cover...with...
用……遮盖住……
Ⅴ.经典句式仿写
1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
[记句式结构]It＋ be/takes＋一段时间＋before...表示“多久……之后才……”
[仿写促落实]It_was/took_about_half_an_hour_before he came to life.大约半个小时之后他才苏醒过来。
2．As time went by，I was made smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
[记句式结构]as表示“随着”，引导时间状语从句
[仿写促落实]As_time_goes_by，mobile phones are made smarter and smarter.
随着时间的流逝，手机被做得越来越智能。
3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!
随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
[记句式结构]so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句
[仿写促落实]He draws so_beautifully_that his drawings are all liked by others.
他画得很漂亮，别人都喜欢他的画。
[核 心 要 点 探 究]
have...in common有共同点；共享……
(教材P17)In pairs discuss what they have in common.两人一组，讨论一下它们有什么相同之处。
have much/a lot/something/little/nothing in common (with...) (与……)有许多/一些/很少/毫无共同之处
in common with...　　 与……一样；和……很像
in common 共同；共有；共用
①They found that they had a lot in common and got on well with each other.
他们发现他们有很多共同之处，且彼此相处得很好。
②Though they are twins they have nothing in common with each other.
尽管他们是双胞胎，他们彼此没有什么共同之处。
③In common with many young people，he prefers pop music to classical music.
和许多年轻人一样，他更喜欢流行音乐，不太喜欢古典音乐。
calculate vt.计算；估算；计划
(教材P18)I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.
1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。
(1)calculate on sb./sth.(doing sth.)
期待某人/某物(做某事)
It has been calculated that... 据估算……
(2)calculated adj. 精心策划的；蓄意的
be calculated to do sth. 打算或计划做某事
(3)calculation n. 计算
①It has been calculated by scientists that sea water alone can supply the human world with enough power for more than a hundred million years.
据科学家们计算，光海水提供给人类的动力就足够用一亿年以上。
②The advertisements are calculated to_attract (attract) young consumers.
这些广告旨在吸引年轻的消费者。
③We are calculating on an early start.
我们期待着可以提早开始。
(教材P18)I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before_I_was_built_as_an_analytical_machine_by_Charles_Babbage．
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
【要点提炼】　句中before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后，……才……”。另外before除了其基本意思“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“(……之后)才；没来得及；以免；免得”之意。
(1)“It was＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。
(2)“It was not long before...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。
(3)“It will not be long before...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。
(4)“It will be＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句常用一般现在时。
①If you miss this chance，it will be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
②It won't be long before we get used to the new school life.
不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。
③It was three days before he came back.
过了三天他才回来。
④It was a long time before she recovered from the operation.
很长一段时间后她才从手术中康复。
solve vt.解决；解答
(教材P18)In 1936 my real father，Alan Turing，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.
在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。
(1)solve a problem　 解决问题
(2)solution n. 解决办法；处理手段
a solution to sth. 某事的解决办法
①With the help of the teacher，Tom solved the maths problem at last.
在老师的帮助下，汤姆终于解决了那道数学题。
②There's no easy solution (solve) to this problem.
解决这个问题没有容易的方法。
③It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
要找到解决这个问题的办法也许要花很长时间。
[名师点津]　
比较solve与settle
(1)solve侧重给出答案，常接problem，difficulty，puzzle等。
(2)settle的对象通常是某种争端或事情，常接affair，matter，business，argument等。
from...on从……时起
(教材P18)From then on，I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.
从那时起，我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。
from then on　 从那时起
from now on 从现在起
from today on 从今天起
from tomorrow on 从明天起
from that day on 从那天起
①From now on，we should pay more attention to protecting the environment.
从现在起，我们应该更加注意保护环境。
②His wife died in 2008 and from then on he lived alone (＝since then he has lived alone)．他的妻子在2008年去世了，从那时起他一直一个人生活。
③From that day on，the ending of the missing Amber Room remains a mystery.
从那天起，丢失的琥珀屋的结局仍是一个谜。
(教材P18)As_time_went_by，I was made smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
【要点提炼】　句中as为连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
(1)as用作从属连词，表示“既然，因为”，引导原因状语从句。
(2)as用作从属连词，表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，只用于倒装语序，即把作表语的形容词、名词或作状语的副词以及动词原形置于句首。
(3)as用作关系代词，引导定语从句，可放于句首、句中或句末。
①As you grow older，you will know better about yourself.随着年龄的增长，你会越来越了解自己。
②As spring comes (come)，everything comes to life.＝ With spring coming (come)，everything comes to life.随着春天的到来，万物复苏。
③Try as she might，Sue couldn't get the door open.
无论苏怎样努力，她就是打不开门。
④This experiment is very simple，as indeed it is.
实验非常简单，事实上也确实如此。
[名师点津]　
as与with二者都有“随着”的意思。as是连词，引导时间状语从句；with是介词，后面接名词或代词，构成with短语或复合结构。

as a result结果；因此
(教材P18)As a result I totally changed my shape.
因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。
(1)result n．　 结果
as a result of 由于；因为
without result 徒劳；毫无结果
(2)result vi. 发生；产生
result from 是由……造成的
result in/lead to 导致；造成
①We helped each other in studies and as a result we became good friends.
我们在学习上互相帮助，结果我们成了好朋友。
②The conditions are poor；as a result，the workers left.＝The workers left as a result of the poor conditions.
由于条件太差，工人们离开了。
③Let's hope that peace will result from our talks.
让我们期望，我们的会谈会带来和平。
④His carelessness resulted in his failure.
他的粗心导致了他的失败。
图形助记　巧述“因果”

[名师点津]　
as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句。

(教材P18)Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!
随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
【要点提炼】　so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。其中so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。
(1)so...that...常用结构如下：
so＋＋that
(2)such...that...“如此……以至于……”也可用来引导结果状语从句。
such为形容词，一般用来修饰名词，常构成如下结构：
such＋＋that
(3)在so...that...句式中，如果that引导的是目的状语从句，则从句中多含有情态动词，如may，might，can，could等。so that 引导目的状语从句，有同样用法。
①The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
这个箱子太重了，我拎不起来。
②Jack is so smart a boy that he can work out many difficult math problems.＝ Jack is such a smart boy that he can work out many difficult math problems.
杰克真是个聪明的男孩儿，他能做出许多数学难题。
③There was so little time left that we must hurry.
时间不多了，我们必须快一点。
④I will give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.
我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
application n．应用；用途；申请
(教材P18)Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。
(1)make an application to sb.for sth.
　 向某人申请某物
have a wide application in... 在……中得到广泛应用
(2)apply v. 申请；应用
apply for 申请；请求
apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于
apply to 适用于；运用于
(3)applicant n. 申请者
①The technology has a wide application in IT industry.这项技术在信息工业上得到了广泛应用。
②He has applied to the company for a job.＝ He has made an application(apply) to the company for a job.他已向那家公司申请一份工作。
③You will do it quite well only if you apply yourself(you) to it.只要专心致志，你就会做得很好。
anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此；不论用何种方法
(教材P18)Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。
(1)anyhow 用于肯定句时，意思与anyway相近，意为“无论如何；不管怎样；反正”。用于否定句时，意为“无论如何(也不……)”。其位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或者句末。
(2)somehow adv.以某种方式；用某种方法；不知为什么。
(3)somewhat意为“从某种意义上来讲，有几分；稍微”，相当于in a way，rather。
①Anyhow/Anyway，we must finish the work today.
无论如何，今天我们必须完成这项工作。
②Their swimming pool is somewhat deeper than ours.他们的游泳池比我们的游泳池稍微深一点儿。
③We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.
我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。
[解构长句难句]
1.(教材P18)After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes，I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person.
【分析】　句中After引导的是时间状语从句；who used cards with holes 是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an_operator。
【翻译】　在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序之后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。
2．(教材P18)Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!
【分析】　句中so...that...引导结果状语从句；I have been told 为定语从句，先行词为anything，省略了关系代词that。
【翻译】　随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
3．(教材P18)But I was always so lonely standing there by myself，until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.
【分析】　句中standing there by myself为现在分词短语作伴随状语。until引导的是时间状语从句；connected by a network为过去分词短语作后置定语。
【翻译】　但是我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初，他们才给了我一个用网络连接的家庭。
[随 堂 效 果 落 实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．By my calculation(calculate)，5% of the students will fail in the exam.
2．He sought for an adequate solution (solve) to the problem.
3．Please attach a photograph to the application (apply) form.
4．Do you have much in common with your friends?
5．He has been teaching in this school from thenon．
6．Those are my personal (person) letters.You have no right to read them.
7．As a result of the heavy rain，the football match was put off.
8．I can't do my homework with this noise going (go) on.
9．I'm afraid I can't afford the time，but thank you for the invitation anyhow/anyway．
10．He spent much of his life exploring (explore) the wildness.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．The girl made a application for a job as a teacher.第一个a→an
2．His carelessness resulted from the terrible accident.from→in
3．It won't long when he returns from abroad.when→before
4．Our school is very large.In a total，the number of the students is 3，500.去掉a
5．The Great Wall is such well?known a tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.such→so
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他们虽然是兄弟，但毫无共同之处。
They are brothers，but they have_nothing_in_common．(common)
2．别指望他的弟弟按时到达。
Don't calculate_on_his_younger_brother_coming on time.(calculate)
3．程序员想出了一个解决系统问题的办法。
The programmer came up with a_solution_to_the_system_problem．(solution)
4．不久，学生们就要参加大学入学考试了。
It_will_not_be_long_before the students take the college entrance examination.(before)
5．她的腿软得几乎站不住了。
Her legs were so_weak_that she could hardly stand.(so...that...)