虚拟语气复习学案
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滨城区第二中学高三英语二轮复习
虚拟语气
学习目标：
1. 准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气句子结构中的使用。
2. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+从句， It’s time+从句等句型中的虚拟语气。
3. 表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词语后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。
4. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。
考前预测：2011年高考将重点考察非真实条件虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的运用。
学法指导：
虚拟语气考点
1、If条件句中的虚拟语气的用法： 时间够，别复杂，含蓄点，略倒装.
2、宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法： 真希望，勤建议，多要求，实在不行就命令.
3、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法：宁愿别人做，该有多好啊，早该学会了，祝你成功
①If条件句中的虚拟语气的用法
时 间 If 条件句 主 句
过 去
现 在
将 来
②虚拟语气在条件从句中
[2010天津高考]
-John went to the hospital alone. -If he_____ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
[2010福建检查]
We’re still at the airport. If it were not for the delayed fight, we _____ the concert right now.
A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed
错综时间的条件句: 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：
1. If they___________ hard, they___________ it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
2. If he ___________ my advice, he___________ it much better like this now.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
③虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：
含蓄条件句: 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气.
[2010日照调研]
-He was receiving more and more attention in the company.
- So he was. But for his good education, he ______the job.
A. will never get B. shouldn’t have got C. would not have got D. mustn’t have got
省略 if 的条件从句: 当从句中有 __________或________时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.→
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. →
④虚拟语气在宾语从句中
1. wish接宾语从句有三种情况:1) 过去：
2) 现在：
3) 将来：
[例句]
a)I wish she ___________ there with us now.
b)I wish she ______ there with us tomorrow.
c) I wish she ______there with us yesterday.
A. goes B. went C. had gone D. would go
2. 有些动词表示建议____________________________后接宾语从句，动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
[例句]
The teacher suggested that we _________________the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
3.有些动词表示要求___________________后接宾语从句，动词用should + do 构成, should 可省略。
[例句]
I ____________ that he ____________________early.我要求他早走。
He insisted that all of us __________________there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
这些动词表示命令_____________后接宾语从句,动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
[例句]
He ____________________ that the soldier (should) be sent to the hospital at once.
巧记能跟宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词方法：“I drop caps.”即：这类跟虚拟语气动词的字头的记忆：
I---insist(坚持) d---demand/desire(要求)
r---request/require(请求；需要) o---order(命令)
p---propose(建议) c---command(命令)
a---advise(建议) p---prefer(宁愿)
s---suggest(建议)
⑤虚拟语气中的几个特例
1.would (had) rather(宁愿) …(than)句型
当从句表示_____________的时间时,谓语动词要用一般_________________.表示 _______________时间时,谓语动词要用_______________.
[例句]
I would rather he ________________tomorrow than today.
I’d rather you__________________the book yesterday.
2.if only…要是...该有多好啊; 真希望...; 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用____________; 如果是过去的情况,应用_______________.
[2010合肥三检]
-Sorry, Daddy. I am not getting on well with my studies.
- Well._____ you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games.
A. As if B. Even if C. If only D. Only if
3.句型：
It’s (high/right) time that…早该……that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用__________或_________.
[例句]
It’s time that you __________to school. 或It’s time that you_____________ to school.
4.虚拟语气用于简单句中，表示愿望、祝愿等：
[例句] May you be happy! May you have a good time here! Long live our friendship.
条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况
虚拟倒装句
What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank (01 上海)
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
2) 错综条件句
If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.
asked … would know B. had asked … would have known
C. asked him … know D. had asked … would know
考题点击:
3) The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.
A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish
4) --- What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness
--- He suggested that she _____ an operation at once.
A. must have B. had C. have D. had had
5)How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海)
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
6) --- Do you mind if I leave the window open
-- Well, I’d rather you _____. .
A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. mustn’t
7) It’s half past eleven. It’s high time _____ home.
A. we’ll B. we’d C. we’re going D. we went
额外奉献：背诵谚语、名言突破语法
1.If there were no clouds, we would not enjoy the sun.—Alfred Tennyson.
2.If we had sufficient will we would always have sufficient means.
虚拟语气
学习目标：
1. 准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气句子结构中的使用。
2. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+从句， It’s time+从句等句型中的虚拟语气。
3. 表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词语后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。
4. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。
考前预测：2011年高考将重点考察非真实条件虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的运用。
学法指导：
虚拟语气考点
1、If条件句中的虚拟语气的用法： 时间够，别复杂，含蓄点，略倒装.
2、宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法： 真希望，勤建议，多要求，实在不行就命令.
3、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法：宁愿别人做，该有多好啊，早该学会了，祝你成功
①If条件句中的虚拟语气的用法
时 间 If 条件句 主 句
过 去
现 在
将 来
②虚拟语气在条件从句中
[2010天津高考]
-John went to the hospital alone. -If he_____ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
[2010福建检查]
We’re still at the airport. If it were not for the delayed fight, we _____ the concert right now.
A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed
错综时间的条件句: 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：
1. If they___________ hard, they___________ it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
2. If he ___________ my advice, he___________ it much better like this now.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
③虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：
含蓄条件句: 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气.
[2010日照调研]
-He was receiving more and more attention in the company.
- So he was. But for his good education, he ______the job.
A. will never get B. shouldn’t have got C. would not have got D. mustn’t have got
省略 if 的条件从句: 当从句中有 __________或________时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.→
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. →
④虚拟语气在宾语从句中
1. wish接宾语从句有三种情况:1) 过去：
2) 现在：
3) 将来：
[例句]
a)I wish she ___________ there with us now.
b)I wish she ______ there with us tomorrow.
c) I wish she ______there with us yesterday.
A. goes B. went C. had gone D. would go
2. 有些动词表示建议____________________________后接宾语从句，动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
[例句]
The teacher suggested that we _________________the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
3.有些动词表示要求___________________后接宾语从句，动词用should + do 构成, should 可省略。
[例句]
I ____________ that he ____________________early.我要求他早走。
He insisted that all of us __________________there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
这些动词表示命令_____________后接宾语从句,动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
[例句]
He ____________________ that the soldier (should) be sent to the hospital at once.
巧记能跟宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词方法：“I drop caps.”即：这类跟虚拟语气动词的字头的记忆：
I---insist(坚持) d---demand/desire(要求)
r---request/require(请求；需要) o---order(命令)
p---propose(建议) c---command(命令)
a---advise(建议) p---prefer(宁愿)
s---suggest(建议)
⑤虚拟语气中的几个特例
1.would (had) rather(宁愿) …(than)句型
当从句表示_____________的时间时,谓语动词要用一般_________________.表示 _______________时间时,谓语动词要用_______________.
[例句]
I would rather he ________________tomorrow than today.
I’d rather you__________________the book yesterday.
2.if only…要是...该有多好啊; 真希望...; 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用____________; 如果是过去的情况,应用_______________.
[2010合肥三检]
-Sorry, Daddy. I am not getting on well with my studies.
- Well._____ you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games.
A. As if B. Even if C. If only D. Only if
3.句型：
It’s (high/right) time that…早该……that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用__________或_________.
[例句]
It’s time that you __________to school. 或It’s time that you_____________ to school.
4.虚拟语气用于简单句中，表示愿望、祝愿等：
[例句] May you be happy! May you have a good time here! Long live our friendship.
条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况
虚拟倒装句
What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank (01 上海)
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
2) 错综条件句
If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.
asked … would know B. had asked … would have known
C. asked him … know D. had asked … would know
考题点击:
3) The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.
A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish
4) --- What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness
--- He suggested that she _____ an operation at once.
A. must have B. had C. have D. had had
5)How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海)
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
6) --- Do you mind if I leave the window open
-- Well, I’d rather you _____. .
A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. mustn’t
7) It’s half past eleven. It’s high time _____ home.
A. we’ll B. we’d C. we’re going D. we went
额外奉献：背诵谚语、名言突破语法
1.If there were no clouds, we would not enjoy the sun.—Alfred Tennyson.
2.If we had sufficient will we would always have sufficient means.