Unit
2
Be
sporty,
be
healthy
Section
A
Welcome
to
the
unit
&
Reading
学习目标
掌握本节生词及句型表达与运用。
掌握文章主旨大意。
文章结构
A
beginner’s
guide
to
exercise
Part
1
(Para.
1)
Introduction：Wanting
to
start
doing
exercise
is
the
first
step
towards
a
better
you
Part
2
(Para.
2-Para.
5)
The
body：
?
benefits
of
exercises（Para
2）
increasing
the
efficiency
of
heart
and
lungs
having
better
immune
systems
and
being
at
lower
risk
of
diseases
helping
reduce
stress
and
get
over
negative
feelings
improving
certain
brain
functions
?
how
to
plan
an
exercise
routine（Para
3）
First
consider
what
you
expect
to
improve
Then
choose
activities
you
enjoy
and
stick
with
them.
?
eating
and
drinking
right（Para
4）
what
to
eat
when
to
eat
remember
to
drink
throughout
exercise
?
How
to
avoid
injury（Para
5）
wearing
proper
clothes
and
equipment
when
exercising
starting
small
and
slowly
working
longer
and
harder
warming
up
before
exercising
and
stretching
at
the
end
of
your
workout
Part
3(Para.
6)
Encouragement：encouraging
people
to
exercise
safely
and
effectively
词汇解释
1.
prevent
词性：
词义：
常见搭配：prevent…（from）doing
sth.阻止做某事
拓展词汇：prevention
n.
预防，防范
2.
predict
词性：
词义：
拓展词语
（1）predicable
adj.可预见的，可预料的→（反）unpredictable
adj.不可预测的
（2）prediction
n.预言，预测，预告
make
a
prediction做预言，进行预测
3.
congratulation
词性：
词义：
常见搭配：
Congratulations！恭喜恭喜！（常用作祝贺语）
Congratulations（to
sb.）on
sth.！祝贺（某人）某事！
offer/send
one's
congratulations
to...on
sth.某人因某事向...致以祝贺
a
letter
of
congratulation贺信
拓展词语：congratulate
vt.向（某人）道贺；（因某事）为自己感到高兴/自豪
常见搭配：congratulate
sb.on
sth.因某事向某人道贺
congratulate
oneself
on
sth.因某事为自己感到高兴/自豪
4.
assume
词性：
词义：
assume
sb./sth.to
be
+n./adj.认为某人/某物是.....
assume
that..假设...认为......
It
is（generally）assumed
that...人们（普遍）认为.....
5.
tend
词性：
词义：
常见搭配：
tend
to
do
sth.常常会做某事，往往会做某事
tend
to
/towards...
趋向.....，趋于....
tend（to）sb./sth.照料/照管某人/某物
6.
work
out
(1)锻炼身体，做运动
(2)找到……的答案，解决
(3)
计算，算出
(4)思考，计划
(5)成功地发展
7.reduce
词性：
词义：
常见搭配：reduce…（from..）to...
把......（从……）减少到（to之后接减少后的量）
reduce…by…
……减少了……（by之后接减少的程度或幅度）
8.
stretch
词性：
词义：
常见搭配：stretch
out/stretch
oneself
out躺下（通常为休息或睡觉）
stretch
out
one's
hand伸出某人的手
9.
range
（1）词性：
词义：
常见搭配:wide/full
range
of...各种各样的…
in/within
range（of…）在（……）可及的范围内
out
of/beyond
range（of..）超出（
……的）范围
in/out
of
one's
price
range在/不在某人能承受的价格范围内
（2）词性：
词义：
[常见搭配）range
from…to...
在……与……之间变化；包括从…到…之间
range
between…and...
在……与……之间变化
10.
average
（1）词性：
词义：
常见搭配：an
average
of…平均为……
on
average
平均来看
above/below
average
高于/低于平均水平
（2）词性：
词义：
（3）词性：
词义：
练习：
1.
The
President
expressed
his
c
to
the
two
astronauts，saying
that
they
were
brave
people.
2.
The
exercises
are
designed
to
s
your
leg
muscles.
3.
Look！The
s
is
pouring
down
your
face.
Let
me
turn
on
the
air
conditioner.
4.
The
best
speed
to
（慢跑）was
about
5
miles
per
hour.
5.It
is
reasonable（合情理的）to
（假定）that
the
economy
will
continue
to
improve
next
year.
6.He
cut
off
the
electricity
quickly，which
（阻止）an
accident.
7.You
will
make
more
progress
if
you
study
regularly，so
try
to
develop
a
（常规）.
8.The
study
showed
that
a
mere
5
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
（减少）the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
9.Human
beings
need
（能量）to
suvive-to
breathe，move
and
think.
And
we
get
it
from
calories
in
foods
and
drinks.
10.The
international
game
will
surely
bridge
the
distance
between
people
（遍及）the
world.
答案：
1.
congratulations
2.
stretch
3.
sweat
4.
jog
5.
assume
6.
prevented
7.
routine
8.
reduced
9.
energy
10.
throughout
句型指导
PAGEUnit
2
Be
sporty,
be
healthy
Section
B
Grammar
and
usage
学习目标
掌握本节生词及句型表达与运用。
词汇分析
1、announce
词性：
词义：
搭配：
announce
sth
to
sb
向某人宣布某事
It’s
announced
that…
据……宣布
2、update
词性：
词义：
词性：
词义：
搭配：
update
sb
向某人提供最新消息
3、check
out
观察，察看；结账离开；借出
4、replace
词性：
词义：
搭配：
replace
A(with/by
B)
(用B)接替/取代A
5、add…to…
把……加到……
语法指导
现在完成时和现在进行时的被动语态
语态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,用来表示句子的主语和谓语动词所表达的动作之间的关系。英语有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者或发出者;被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,当需要指出动作的发出者时,可以用
by
引出。
（一）现在进行时的被动语态
1.含义
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作
2.结构
(1)肯定式:主语+am/is/are
being
done
+其他.
Eg:
?
Some
trees
are
being
cut
down
in
the
park.
公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。
(2)否定式:主语+
am/is/are
not
being
done
+其他.
Eg:
?
It
is
reported
that
the
water
in
the
lake
is
not
being
protected
now.
据报道,这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
(3)一般疑问式:Am/Is/
Are
+主语+
being
done
+其他?
Eg:
Are
the
babies
being
looked
after
by
this
nurse?这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
(4)特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+am/is/are(+主语)+
being
done
+其他？
Eg:
Who
is
being
trained
for
the
coming
English
speech
contest?谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛被培训?
要点2：
现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常有
now,at
the
moment
等时间状语。
Eg:
?
He
is
now
being
treated
in
China.现在,他正在中国接受治疗。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。
Eg:
?
These
animals
are
being
hunted
at
such
a
high
speed
that
they
will
disappear
soon.这些动物被猎杀的速度如此之快,它们很快就会消失。
3.表示一种习惯的被动行为,常与always,constantly,often
等词连用,含有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感彩。
Eg:
?
Tom
is
always
being
praised
by
the
teacher.汤姆总是被老师表扬
4.与某些情态动词连用,表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
?
—Do
you
know
what
Mr
Smith
is
doing？你知道史密斯先生正在做什么吗？
—He
is
ill.
He
may
be
being
examined
by
the
doctor.他病了。他可能正在接受医生的检查。
要点3：现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项
1.不可遗漏
being。
现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动动作,如果我们把
being
漏掉,即成为一般现在时的被动语态。
Eg:
?
Look!
The
children
are
being
taken
care
of
by
their
aunt.瞧!孩子们正由他们的姑妈照看着。
?
Children
are
taken
good
care
of
at
school.孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。（一般现在时的被动语态）
2.现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。
现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词
hold,take
等)。
Eg:
?
A
party
is
being
held
tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。
3.现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为"
be
+介词(under/in
等)+名词"结构。
Eg:
?
The
problem
is
under
discussion
(=is
being
discussed)
at
the
meeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。
?
(二)现在完成时的被动语态
要点1：现在完成时的被动语态的基本概述
1.含义
现在完成时的被动语态表示已完成的被动动作。
2.结构
(1)肯定式:主语+
have/has
been
done
+其他.
?
The
plan
has
been
studied
by
the
experts
last
month.这个计划在上个月已经由专家研究过了。
(2)否定式:主语+
have/has
not
been
done
+其他.
Eg:
They
haven't
been
told
the
exciting
news
yet,
have
they？还没有人告诉他们这个令人激动的消息,是吗?
(3)一般疑问式:Have/
Has
+主语+
been
done
+其他？
Eg:
—Has
her
work
been
finished？她的工作完成了吗？
—Yes,it
has.是的,完成了。
(4)特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+
have/has
+主语+
been
done
+其他？
Eg:
?
How
long
has
the
machine
been
used？这台机器使用多久了?
要点2:现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与
already,
yet,
never,
recently等副词及时间状语
so
far,
by
now,
up
till
now，since
等连用。
Eg:
?
The
room
has
already
been
cleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,并可能继续持续下去,常与
for
或
since
等引出的时间状语(从句)连用,或用于
how
long引出的句子中。
Eg:
?
The
machine
has
been
repaired
for
two
hours.这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3.用在时间状语从句中,表示将来某时已经完成的动作。
Eg:
?
Well
start
as
soon
as
the
work
has
been
finished,这份工作一完成我们就立即动身。
要点3:
现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项
1.现在完成时的被动语态中的
have/has
和
been
不可缺失。
2.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。
Eg:
?
The
big
fire
was
put
out
two
hours
ago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。
练习：
1.
My
washing
machine
this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
A.
was
repaired
B.
is
repaired
C.
is
being
repaired
D.
has
been
repaired
2.
Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
__
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
A.
has
been
reached
B.
was
reached
C.
will
reach
D.
will
have
reached
3.
Shakespeare’s
play
Homle
______into
at
least
ten
different
films
over
the
past
years.
A.
had
been
made
B.
was
made
C.
has
been
made
D.
would
be
made
4.Fire
extinguishers(灭火器）
are
located
on
each
floor
and
in
each
apartment.
Use
a
fire
extinguisher
only
if
you
_____(train)
to
do
so.
5.
The
dictionary
is
out
of
date:many
words
___(add)
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
答案：
1.
C
2.
A
3.
C
4.
have
been
trained
5.
have
been
added
6.
PAGEUnit
2
Be
sporty,
be
healthy
Section
C
Integrated
skills
&
Extended
reading
学习目标
掌握本节生词及句型表达与运用。
掌握单元写作技巧
词汇解析
1.
to
be
honest意为"说实话，坦率地说“,常作插入语，相当于honestly
speaking，to
tell（you）the
truth.通常置于句首,并且用逗号与后面的内容隔开。
词汇拓展
honesty
n.诚实，正直
honestly
adv.
诚实地，正当地
（反）dishonest
adj.
不诚实的，骗人的
词组积累
?
be
honest
with
sb.
对某人坦诚
?
be
honest
about
sth.
对某事坦率
?
It
is
honest
of
sb.
to
do
sth.
某人做某事是正直的。
练习：We
may
get
short-term
benefits
in
(honest)
ways，but
the
truth
will
come
out
sooner
or
later
and
the
cost
is
high.
2.
afford
（1）vt.买得起,（有时间）做;承担得起（后果）
词组积累:
afford
to
do
sth.承担得起做某事
afford
sth.买得起某物
afford...to
do
sth.有足够的……去做某事
（2）vt.
给予，提供
词组积累：afford
sb.sth.
给某人提供某物
特别提醒:
afford作“买得起”讲时，常与can，could，be
able
to连用；常用于否定句或疑问句；afford后不接v-ing形式。
练习：The
hotel
wanted
to
charge
$
70
for
the
room
service,
but
we
couldn't
afford
(live)
in
such
an
expensive
hotel.
3.
position
（1）n.处境，状况；位置；恰当位置；姿态，姿势
词组拓展：
in
one's
position处于某人的境地
in
a...position（to
do
sth.）处于（做某事...的处境）
out
of/in
position不在/在适当的位置
（2）n.观点，态度，立场
常与介词on连用。
（3）n.职位，职务
（4）vt.安装，安置，使处于
练习：翻译：这些书都没有放在适当的位置。
答案：1.
dishonest
2.
to
live
3.
These
books
are
all
out
of
position.
写作指导
如何写鼓励朋友定期锻炼的文章
本单元的写作话题涉及运动锻炼和健康方面的内容，对应了课程标准中“人与自我”这一主题语境，要求考生能够就“运动和锻炼”表达自己的想法。
在写这类书面表达时，应注意以下几个方面：
1.指出目前存在的不利于健康的问题；
2.这些问题会导致的后果；
3.在今后的生活中如何改善生活方式，进行规律锻炼，提升健康水平。
此类文章的时态常以一般现在时为主，人称常以第一、第二人称为主。
常用表达
1.
It
can
be
noticed
that
there
are
some
unhealthy
living
habits
among…
2.
It
will
surely
do
harm
to
our
health.
3.
What
worries
me
most
is
that
it
may
have
much
impact
on
my
academic
performance.
4.
I
think
healthy
living
habits
are
very
important
to
us.
5.
In
current
society,
people
have
known
the
importance
of
keeping
healthy
lifestyles.
6.
To
keep
fit,
we
should
participate
in
various
activities,
including...
7.
Having
realized
the
importance
of
taking
exercise
,
we
should
work
out
regularly.
8.
I
am
used
to
walking
to
school
if
weather
permits.
9.
Only
in
this
way
can
we
have
enough
energy
to
study
better.
10.
People
come
to
realize
that
good
health
is
the
most
valuable
thing
a
person
can
have.
练习：假定你是李华，你的笔友Lee来邮件说，因学习忙、锻炼少，最近经常生病，影响学习。请根据提示回复一封英文邮件。
要点包括：
1.锻炼的重要性；
2.锻炼有利于学习；
3.提出锻炼建议。
要求：1.80词左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案：
Dear
Lee,
Sorry
to
hear
that
you
have
been
sick
for
days
and
hope
you
are
better
now.
You
have
studied
so
hard
that
you
have
had
no
time
to
do
any
exercise,
which
does
harm
to
your
physical
and
mental
health.
It
would
be
of
great
benefit
to
your
health
if
you
could
take
more
exercise.
Time
spent
on
exercise
is
not
wasted.
Actually,
exercise
can
improve
your
physical
conditions
and
ease
your
mind.
Only
when
you
are
in
good
health
can
you
carry
on
studying
and
increase
your
study
efficiency.
Therefore,
I
suggested
that
you
take
at
least
one
hour's
exercise
every
day.
I
would
be
very
pleased
to
see
you
have
a
stronger
body.
Sincerely
yours,
Li
Hua
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