Unit
2 The
United
Kingdom
英格兰还是联合王国？
England
or
the
United
Kingdom?
When
people
say
England,
they
sometimes
mean
Great
Britain,
sometimes
the
United
Kingdom,
sometimes
the
British
Isles—but
never
England.
Why
is
England
or
the
UK
sometimes
called
Britain?
“England”
is
sometimes,
wrongly,
used
in
reference
to
the
whole
United
Kingdom,
the
entire
island
of
Great
Britain
(or
simply
Britain),
or
indeed
the
British
Isles.
This
is
not
only
incorrect
but
can
cause
offence
(冒犯)
to
people
from
other
parts
of
the
UK.
England,
Scotland,
Wales,
Great
Britain
refer
to
different
parts
of
the
UK.
The
British
Isles
include
many
islands
not
even
part
of
the
UK.
The
diverse
(多种多样的)
history
of
England,
Scotland
and
Wales
has
led
to
very
different
cultural
traditions.
The
Scots
and
Welsh
have
right
to
feel
aggrieved
(受侵害的)
whenever
the
term
“England”
is
used
wrongly
to
mean
all
three.
The
name
United
Kingdom
refers
to
the
union
of
what
were
once
four
separate
countries:
England,
Scotland,
Wales
and
Ireland
(though
most
of
Ireland
is
now
independent)．
The
UK's
full
and
official
name
is
“the
United
Kingdom
of
Great
Britain
and
Northern
Ireland”．
开启快乐学习之旅
我们常常用England来称呼英国，其实并不准确。英国全称“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(the
United
Kingdom
of
Great
Britain
and
Northern
Ireland)”，简称“联合王国(United
Kingdom)”。英国是由大不列颠岛上的英格兰(England)、威尔士(Wales)和苏格兰(Scotland)，爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰(Northern
Ireland)以及一系列附属岛屿共同组成的一个西欧岛国，以英格兰人(盎格鲁一撒克逊人)为主体民族。
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
&
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．kingdom
(n.)王国
2．consist
(vi.)组成；在于；一致
3．province
(n.)省；行政区
4．clarify
(vt.)澄清；阐明
5．conflict
(n.)矛盾；冲突
6．credit
(n.)信任；学分；赞扬；信贷
7．nationwide
(adj.)全国性的；全国范围的
8．architecture
(n.)建筑学；建筑艺术
9．port
(n.)港口(城市)
10．countryside
(n.)乡下；农村
11．unwilling
(adj.)不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)→willing(反义词)
(adj.)愿意(的)；乐意(的)
12．convenience
(n.)便利；方便→convenient
(adj.)方便的→conveniently
(adv.)方便地
13．rough
(adj.)粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly
(adv.)粗略地；粗糙地
14．attract
(vt.)吸引；引起注意→attraction
(n.)吸引；有吸引力的事物→attractive
(adj.)有吸引力的；诱人的
15．collection
(n.)收藏品；珍藏；收集→collect
(vt.)收集
16．enjoyable
(adj.)令人愉快的；使人高兴的→enjoy
(vt.)欣赏；享有→enjoyment
(n.)愉快；令人愉快的事
17．unite
(vi.
&
vt.)联合；团结→union
(n.)联合；联盟；结合；协会
18．accomplish
(vt.)完成；达到；实现→accomplishment
(n.)成就；成绩
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．consist_of
由……组成
2．divide...into
把……分成
3．refer_to
提到；说起
4．as_well
也；还
5．break
away
(from)
挣脱(束缚)；脱离
6．to
one's
credit
为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
7．for
convenience
为方便起见
8．leave
out
省去；遗漏；不考虑
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Now
when
people
refer
to
England
you
find_Wales_included
as
well.
如今当人们提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也被包括在内。
2．To
their
credit
the
four
countries
do_work_together
in
some
areas.
值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在某些方面共同合作。
3．It_is_a_pity_that
the
industrial
cities
built
in
the
nineteenth
century
do
not
attract
visitors.
很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
4．You
must
keep_your_eyes_open
if
you
are
going
to
make_your_trip_to_the__United_Kingdom_enjoyable_and_worthwhile.
要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
1.联想记单词
①province
n.
省；行政区；state州(美国)；county郡(英国)，县
②nationwide
adj.
全国性的；全国范围的；worldwide
adj.
遍及全球的，世界范围的
2．合成词
①nation
(国家)＋wide
(广阔的)→nationwide
adj.
全国性的；全国范围的
②country
(乡村)＋side
(边)→countryside
n.
乡村；农村
3．派生词
(1)名词后缀：－ion
①unite
vi.
&
vt.
联合，团结→union
n.
联合；联盟；结合；协会
②divide
v.
分开；除→division
n.
分(开)；分离；分裂；除法
(2)副词后缀：－ly
①willing
adj.
愿意(的)；乐意的→willingly
adv.
欣然地；乐意地
②rough
adj.
粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly
adv.
粗略地；粗糙地
课文预读
PUZZLES①
IN
GEOGRAPHY
People
may
wonder
why
different
words
are
used
to
describe
these
four
countries:
England,
Wales②，
Scotland③
and
Northern
Ireland④.
You
can
clarify⑤
this
question
if
you
study
British
history.
First
there
was
England.
Wales
was
linked
to⑥
it
in
the
thirteenth
century.
Now
when
people
refer
to⑦
England
you
find
Wales
included⑧
as
well⑨.
Next
England
and
Wales
were
joined
to⑩
Scotland
in
the
seventeenth
century
and
the
name
was
changed
to
“Great
Britain”.
Happily
this
was
accomplished?without
conflict?
when
King
James
of
Scotland
became
King
of
England
and
Wales
as
well.
Finally
the
English
government
tried
in
the
early
twentieth
century?to
form
the
United
Kingdom
by
getting
Ireland
connected
in
the
same
peaceful
way?.
However,
the
southern
part
of
Ireland
was
unwilling?
and
broke
away?
to
form
its
own
government.
So
only
Northern
Ireland
joined
with
England,
Wales
and
Scotland
to
become
the
United
Kingdom?
and
this
was
shown
to
the
world
in
a
new
flag
called
the
Union
Jack?.
①puzzle
n.
谜；难题
②Wales
[weIlz]
威尔士(英)
③Scotland
['sk?tl?nd]
苏格兰(英)
④Northern
Ireland
['aI?l?nd]
北爱尔兰(英)
⑤clarify
['kl?rIfaI]
vt.
澄清；阐明
⑥link
A
to
B 把A与B连接、联合起来，此处为被动语态。
⑦refer
to提及；涉及
⑧find
Wales
included为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词included
充当宾补。
⑨as
well也；还；而且
⑩join
A
to
B 把A与B连接、联合起来，此处为被动语态。
?accomplish
[?'k?mplI?]
vt.
实现；完成；达到
?conflict
['k?nflIkt]
n.
矛盾；冲突
?in
the
early
twentieth
century在20世纪初
?by
getting...为方式状语，其中getting
Ireland
connected为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词connected作宾补。
?unwilling
adj.
不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)
be
unwilling
to
do
sth.不愿意做某事
?break
away(from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离
?动词不定式短语to
become...作结果状语。
?union联合，联盟；结合；协会
the
Union
Jack英国国旗
地理学的困惑
[第1～2段译文]
对于用不同词汇来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家，人们或许感到很奇怪。如果你学习英国历史，你就可以弄清楚这个问题。
首先是英格兰。威尔士在公元13世纪时与英格兰是一体的。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是被包括在内的。接着英格兰和威尔士在17世纪同苏格兰合并，后来更名为“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时并未经过战争。最后在20世纪初，英国政府试图以同样的和平方式把爱尔兰联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意(组建联合王国)，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。因此，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，从向世界展示的新的英国国旗上就可以看出来。
?credit
['kredIt]
n.
信任；学分；赞扬；信贷
to
one's
credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
?do
work
together中do表示强调，意为“确实；的确”。
currency
['k?r?nsI]
n.
货币；通货
institution
n.
制度；机制；公共机构
educational
adj.
教育的
legal
adj.
法律的；合法的
[第3段译文]
值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在某些领域共同合作?比如，在货币和国际关系上?，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大的区别。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰有不同的教育及司法体系，它们也有各自的足球队去参加像世界杯这样的比赛！
convenience
[k?n'vi?nI?ns]
n.
便利；方便
for
convenience为了方便起见
roughly
['r?flI]
adv.
粗略地(＝about)；粗糙地
Midlands
['mIdl?ndz]
英格兰中部地区(英)
nearest
to...靠……最近的，用作后置定语，修饰the
one。
be
known
as作为……而为人所知
find...为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词短语settled
in
the
south作宾补。
nationwide
adj.
全国性的；全国范围的
adv.在全国范围内；就全国而论
not
as
large
as(＝not
so
large
as)不如……那么大
attract
[?'tr?kt]
vt.
吸引；引起注意
在句子It
is
a
pity
that...中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。在从句中，过去分词短语built
in
the
nineteenth
century作后置定语，修饰the
industrial
cities。
historical
[hIs't?rIkl]
adj.
历史(上)的；有关历史的
architecture
['ɑ?kItekt??]
n.
建筑学；建筑艺术
过去分词短语built...作后置定语，修饰towns。
[第4段译文]
在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的是英格兰南部，中部地区被称为英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的称为英格兰北部。你可以看到大多数人口定居在南部，但多数的大型工业城市在英格兰的中部和北部地区。虽然全国范围内，这些城市都不如中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着世界闻名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个！可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。想游览古代建筑你得去那些最初由罗马人建造的更古老但是更小的城镇。在那儿你会了解更多的关于英国历史和文化的东西。
collection
[k?'lek?n]
n.
收藏品；珍藏；收集
administration
n.
管理；行政部门
port
[p??t]
n.
港口(城市)
Anglo－Saxon
n.
盎格鲁—撒克逊人
adj.
盎格鲁—撒克逊人的
construct
vt.
建筑；建造
Norman
['n??m?n]
n.
诺曼人；诺曼语
adj.
诺曼的；诺曼人(语)的
在句子It
has...in
1066.中，the
oldest
port...，the
oldest
building...和the
oldest
castle...为并列宾语，后面的过去分词短语作定语，分别修饰前面的名词。
the
Anglo－Saxons为The
second的同位语。
Viking
['vaIkI?]
n.
北欧海盗；斯堪的纳维亚人
influence
v.
影响
countryside
['k?ntrIsaId]
n.
乡下；农村
enjoyable
[In'd??I?bl]
adj.
令人愉快的；使人高兴的
[第5～6段译文],
最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦，它拥有博物馆、艺术珍品、剧院、公园以及各种建筑物。它是全国的政治和行政中心。它有公元1世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁—撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。第一批入侵者是罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。接着是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，他们留下了他们的语言和政体。第三批是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇以及北部的地名产生了一定的影响。第四批是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡，并引入了新的表示食物名称的词语。
如果你到英国的乡村看看，你会发现所有这些入侵者留下的证据。要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Ⅰ.The
text
mainly
tells
us
how
the
UK
was
formed
1.geographically
(geography)
and
2.historically
(history).
It
also
introduces
the
four
invaders
who
3.influenced
(influence)
the
UK
language,
place－names,
vocabulary
and
the
system
of
government,
etc.
Ⅱ.Read
the
passage
and
then
find
the
topic
sentence
of
each
paragraph.
Para.
1 Why_are_different_words_used_to_describe_England,_Wales,_Scotland_and_Northern_Ireland?
Para.
2 First_there_was_England.
Para.
3 The_four_countries_are_still_very_different.
Para.
4 England_is_the_largest_of_the_four_countries.
Para.
5 The_greatest_historical_treasure_of_all_is_London.
Para.
6 You_must_keep_your_eyes_open_if_you_will_make_a_trip_to_the_United_Kingdom_enjoyable_and_worthwhile.
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
true
(T)
or
false
(F)．
1．In
1603
Scotland
and
Wales
were
joined
to
England.( F )
2．In
the
13th
century
AD,
Wales
was
linked
to
England.
( T )
3．The
UK
consists
of
four
countries.
They
are
England,
Scotland,
Wales
and
Ireland.( F )
4．England
is
the
largest
of
the
four
countries.( T )
5．The
Vikings
didn't
influence
London.( T )
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．Who
came
first
in
Britain
according
to
the
passage?
A．England.
B．Northern
Ireland.
C．Scotland.
D．Wales.
答案：A
2．When
was
Wales
linked
to
England?
A．In
the
11th
century
AD.
B．In
the
13th
century
AD.
C．In
the
15th
century
AD.
D．In
the
17th
century
AD.
答案：B
3．In
which
field
do
the
four
countries
work
together?
A．The
educational
system.
B．Football
teams.
C．International
relations.
D．The
legal
system.
答案：C
4．Which
part
attracts
most
of
the
tourists
to
England?
A．South
of
England.
B．Midlands.
C．Roman
cities.
D．North.
答案：A
5．Which
invaders
didn't
influence
London?
A．The
Anglo－Saxons.
B．The
Romans.
C．The
Normans.
D．The
New
Yorkers.
答案：D
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
As
we
all
know,
the
UK
is
1.divided
(divide)
into
four
countries:
England,
Wales,
Scotland
and
Northern
Ireland.
Everyone
can
easily
clarify
this
question
if
you
study
British
history.
So
there
is
no
need
2.to_debate
(debate)
more.
“Great
Britain”
was
the
name
given
when
England
and
Wales
were
joined
3.to
Scotland.
They
were
united
peacefully.
The
four
countries
do
work
together
in
some
areas,
4.but
they
are
still
very
different.
They
developed
different
5.educational
(education)
and
legal
systems
as
well
as
different
football
teams.
England
is
the
largest
of
the
four
and
for
6.convenience
(convenient)
it
is
divided
7.roughly
(rough)
into
three
zones.
Some
industrial
cities
don't
have
the
historical
8.attractions
(attraction)
of
other
places.
Yet
London
has
the
greatest
historical
treasure.
But
it
has
been
influenced
by
some
9.invaders
(invade)
of
England.
You
must
keep
your
eyes
open
10.if
you
are
going
to
make
a
trip
to
the
UK
enjoyable
and
worthwhile.
1
(教材P9)How
many
countries
does
the
UK
consist
of?
英国是由几个部分组成的？
consist
of 由……组成，包括(不用于被
动语态和进行时态)
consist
of＝be
made
up
of＝be
composed
of
由……组成，包括
consist
in
(＝lie
in)
基于，在于，存在……之中
consist
with
符合，一致
[即学即用]
(1)Life
mainly
consists
of
happiness
and
sorrow
while
happiness
and
sorrow
consist
in
struggle.
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。
(2)The
politician's
actions
do
not
consist
with
the
promises
in
his
speeches.
那位政客的行为与他在演说里所做的承诺不符。
(3)The
company
that_(which)_consists_of/consisting_of
15
small
factories
is
facing
a
serious
financial
crisis.
由15家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。
(4)用in/of/with填空
①As
we
all
know，theory
should
consist
with
practice.
②The
true
wealth
does
not
consist
in
what
we
have,
but
in
what
we
are.
③The
United
Kingdom
consists
of
Great
Britain
and
Northern
Ireland.
2
(教材P10)Happily
this
was
accomplished
without
conflict
when
King
James
of
Scotland
became
King
of
England
and
Wales
as
well.
令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆士国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家在无(军事)冲突的情况下实现了联合。
(1)in
conflict
with
sb. 与某人有冲突
come
into
conflict
with
(与……)产生冲突
(2)conflict
with
与……相冲突
[即学即用]
(1)The
two
countries
have
been
in
conflict
with
each
other
since
the
beginning
of
the
century.
自本世纪初以来，那两个国家就冲突不断。
(2)The
results
of
the
new
research
would
seem
to
conflict
with
existing
theories.
新的研究成果似乎和已有的理论相矛盾。
(3)It
is
reported
that
some
workers
on
strike
come
into
conflict
with
the
police.
据报道，罢工中的一些工人与警察发生了冲突。
(4)语法填空
①She
found
herself
in
conflict
with
her
parents
over
her
future
career.
②I
was
so
confused
by
their
conflicting
(conflict)advice
that
I
did
not
know
what
to
do.
3
(教材P10)England
is
the
largest
of
the
four
countries,
and
for
convenience
it
is
divided
roughly
into
three
zones.
在这四个地区中，英格兰是最大的，为方便起见，它大致被划分为三个地区。
(1)at
one's
convenience 在某人方便时
for
convenience
为了方便起见
for
sb.'s
convenience＝for
the
convenience
of
sb.
为了某人方便起见
(2)convenient
adj.
方便的；便利的
it
is
convenient
for/to
sb.
对于某人来说方便
It
is
convenient
for
sb.to
do
sth.
某人方便做某事
[温馨提示]
表示“对某人来说方便”不能说成sb.is
convenient，而要说it
is
convenient
for/to
sb.。
[即学即用]
(1)It
would
be
appreciative
of
you
if
you
could
send
me
some
relevant
information
at
your
earliest
convenience.
如果您能够尽快寄给我一些相关信息，我将不胜感激。
(2)Cars
have
become
a
popular
means
of
transport,
bringing
great
convenience
to
our
life.
小汽车已经成为一种流行的交通方式，给我们的生活带来很多便利。
(3)If_it_is_convenient_for_you
/At_your_convenience,_you
should
do
more
outdoor
exercise，which
can
contribute
to
you
keeping
up
a
good
state
of
mind.
如果你方便的话，应该多进行户外运动，它有助于你保持良好的心态。
(4)语法填空
①The
airport
is
quite
far
from
the
downtown
area，but
it
is
still
more_convenient
(convenient)
than
taking
the
train.
②WeChat
is
convenient
to
use
nowadays,
but
I
stick
to
text
messaging
for
its
great
convenience.(convenient)
4
(教材P10)It
is
a
pity
that
the
industrial
cities
built
in
the
nineteenth
century
do
not
attract
visitors.
遗憾的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市并不能吸引游客。
(1)attract
one's
attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract
sb.to
sth.
吸引某人关注某事
be
attracted
to
sb.
喜爱某人，为某人所吸引
(2)attraction
n.
吸引力；诱惑力；有吸引力的地方；有吸引力的事物
(3)attractive
adj.
有吸引力的
[即学即用]
(1)China
Today
attracts
a
worldwide
readership,
which
shows
that
more
and
more
people
all
over
the
world
want
to
learn
about
China.
《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群，这表明全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。
(2)He
was
nice
looking,
but
I
wasn't
deeply
attracted
to
him.
他长得很帅，可我对他不是很有感觉。
(3)During
festivals,
the
advertising
campaigns
started
by
supermarkets
are
very
attractive
to
customers.
节日期间，超市发起的促销活动对顾客很有吸引力。
(4)语法填空
①What
attracts
people
to
California
is
its
pleasant
climate
and
relaxing
lifestyle.
②The
Tower
of
London
is
one
of
the
most
popular
tourist
attractions
(attract)
in
London.
③To
tell
you
the
truth,
your
plan
is
very
attractive
(attract),
but
it
doesn't
seem
to
be
practicable.
④Desperately
attracted
(attract)
by
the
computer
games,
but
thinking
that
his
homework
was
still
undone,
he
turned
off
the
computer
at
once.
(教材P10)To
their
credit
the
four
countries
do
work
together
in
some
areas
(eg,
the
currency
and
international
relations),
but
they
still
have
very
different
institutions.
值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在某些方面(如货币和国际关系方面)共同合作，但是它们在体制方面仍然有很大的不同。
to
one's
credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬的是
on
credit
赊账；分期付款
[即学即用]
(1)It
is
greatly
to
your
credit
that
you
gave
back
the
money
you
found;
your
honesty
does
you
credit.
你拾金不昧是非常难能可贵的；你的诚实使你值得表扬。
(2)She
had
managed
to
pull
herself
together
and,
to_her_credit,_she
continued
to
look
upon
life
as
a
positive
experience.
她已经成功地使自己振作起来，而且值得称赞的是，她仍然积极乐观地看待生活。
(3)You
can
ask
a
dealer
for
a
discount
whether
you
pay
cash
or
buy
on_credit.
无论是付现还是赊购，都可以要求经销商打折。
6
(教材P9)
You
can
clarify
this
question
if
you
study
British
history.
如果你研究英国的历史，你就能够弄明白这个问题。
clarify
matters/a
situation/a
problem 澄清事情/情况/问题
clarify
one's
stand/position
阐明自己的立场
clarified
adj.
纯净的
clarification
n.
澄清；说明
[即学即用]
(1)Thank
you
for
writing
and
allowing
me
to
clarify
the
present
position.
谢谢你的来信，并允许我阐明目前的立场。
(2)Thanks
to
my
teacher,
her
explanation
clarified
my
puzzling
problem.
多亏了我的老师，她的解释阐明了困扰我的问题。
(3)语法填空
①The
professor's
clarification
(clarify)
helped
her
to
understand
the
textbook.
②He
wrote
her
a
long
letter
to_clarify
(clarify)
the
fact,
so
that
she
would
not
misunderstand
him.
③The
clarified
(clarify)
water
from
the
factory
has
been
recycled.
1
divide...into...
把……分成……
(教材P9)England
can
be
divided
into
three
main
areas.
英格兰可以分为三个主要的区域。
divide...between/among/with...
将……分配/分担/分享
divide...from...
把……和……分开
divide...by...
某数除以某数
divide...in
half/into
halves
把……分成两半
[易混辨析]
divide
(...into...)与separate(...from...)
这两个词都含有“分开”之意
divide
(...into...)常指把某个整体划分为若干部分，即化整为零
separate(...from...)强调“将……与……分开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的事物分开，没有破坏整体的完整性
[即学即用]
(1)He
divided
the
cake
into
small
parts
and
shared
them
with
his
friends.
他把蛋糕分成小块儿，和他的朋友们分享了。
(2)A
low
wall
divided
our
garden
from
our
neighbour's
garden.
一堵矮墙把我们家的花园和邻居家的花园分隔开来。
(3)The
book
is
divided
into
six
sections.
本书分为六部分。
(4)语法填空
①As
we
joined
the
big
crowd,
I
got
separated
(separate)
from
my
friends.
②This
examination
is_divided
(divide)
into
two
parts
and
covers
the
following
subjects.
(5)用divide与separate的适当形式填空
①Having
been
separated
from
older
continents
for
millions
of
years,
Australia
has
many
plants
and
animals
not
found
in
any
other
country
in
the
world.
②“The
interest
shall
be
divided
into
five
parts,
according
to
the
agreement
made
by
both
sides.”
declared
the
judge.
2
(教材P10)
However,
the
southern
part
of
Ireland
was
unwilling
and
broke
away
to
form
its
own
government.
然而，爱尔兰的南部地区不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。
break
away
from 从(政党、组织等)脱离出去；从……
中逃脱/挣脱；离开(家、家庭或工作)
break
down
损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break
in
非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break
into
破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break
off
打断；折断；中断(说话)
break
out
(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然发生，爆发
break
through
冲突；突破
break
up
分解；分裂
[巧学助记]
[即学即用]
(1)Modern
music
has
broken
away
from
18th
century
rules.
现代音乐摆脱了18世纪的模式。
(2)The
prisoner
broke
away
from
his
guards
while
being
taken
to
another
jail.
犯人在被押送到另一座监狱的路上挣脱看守逃跑了。
(3)He
broke
away
from
his
family
years
ago
and
has
gone
to
live
in
Australia.
几年前他离家出走，去澳大利亚定居。
(4)用break短语的适当形式填空
①Peace
talks
between
the
two
countries
broke_down
with
no
agreement
reached.
②The
firemen
could
enter
the
burning
house
only
by
breaking_in/into
the
door.
③Last
night
somebody
broke_in/into
Mr
White's
house
and
took
away
a
lot
of
things.
④A
fire
broke_out
in
the
lower
story
during
the
midnight
and
soon
the
whole
building
was
in
flames.
3
(教材P11)
Which
country
is
left
out?
哪个国家被遗漏了？
leave
for 动身去……
leave...alone
让某人独处；不管某物
leave
behind
留下；丢弃；使落后
leave
off
停止；戒除
leave
aside
搁置，不考虑
[即学即用]
(1)You've
left
out
the
most
important
word
in
this
sentence.
你在这句话中漏掉了最重要的那个单词。
(2)She
outlined
the
case
to
him,
being
careful
not
to
leave
out
anything.
她向他概述了情况，小心不遗漏任何事情。
(3)Please
complete
this
cheque
properly;
the
date
has
been
left
out.
请把这张支票好好地填写完整，你把日期漏填了。
(4)用leave短语的适当形式填空
I
was
working
busily
when
I
got
my
wife's
call
that
there
was
something
wrong
with
my
son.
So
I
had
to
leave
the
work
aside.
Just
then,
my
secretary
came
in,
telling
me
something
about
tomorrow's
meeting.
I
shouted
at
her,
“Don't
talk
to
me.
Leave
me
alone.”
Then
I
wrote
a
letter
to
my
manager
for
3
days'
off.
After
that,
I
left
my
office
for
my
hometown.
Now
when
people
refer
to
England
you
find
Wales
included
as
well.
如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是被包括在内的。
find在句中接复合宾语，宾语是Wales，宾语补足语是included
as
well。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系。find＋n./pron.＋宾语补足语，意思是“发现……处于……状态”。在此结构中，常用下列形式：
(1)find＋n./pron.＋过去分词(表示被动或动作已完成)
①When
he
arrived,
he
found
all
the
work
finished.
当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都已做完了。
(2)find＋n./pron.＋现在分词(表示主动或动作正在进行)
②Just
the
next
morning,
I
found
my
mother
not
feeling
(feel)
well.
就在第二天早上，我发现妈妈不舒服。
(3)find＋n./pron.＋副词
③I
called
on
her
on
my
way
home
and
found
her
out.
我在回家的路上去拜访她，发现她不在家。
(4)find＋n./pron.＋介词短语
④Jane
found
herself
in_a_different_world.
简发现自己来到了一个不同的世界。
(5)find＋n./pron.＋形容词
⑤I
am
sure
that
you
will
find
the
paper－cutting
art
exhibition
interesting
(interest)．
我确定你会发现这个剪纸展很有趣。
It
is
a
pity
that
the
industrial
cities
built
in
the
nineteenth
century
do
not
attract
visitors.
可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
(1)It
is
a
pity
that...意为“令人同情的是……；令人遗憾的是……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
①It
is
a
pity
that
many
of
us
failed
the
final
examination.
真是遗憾，我们中有很多人期末考试不及格。
(2)“It
is
a
pity＋that从句”意为“竟然；居然”时，表示出乎意料的事情，that后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”。
②It
is
a
pity
that
you
should_miss
(miss)
such
a
good
chance.
真可惜，你竟然错过了这么好的机会。
(3)It
is
a
pity
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事很遗憾/可惜”。
③It
is
a
pity
for
you
to_give
(give)
up
the
job.
你要放弃这份工作，真是可惜。
You
must
keep
your
eyes
open
if
you
are
going
to
make
your
trip
to
the
United
Kingdom
enjoyable
and
worthwhile.
要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
(1)“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：
①That
she
hadn't
kept
her
mind
on
her
work
resulted
in
the
failure.
她不集中精力工作导致了失败。
②The
other
students
in
the
class
keep
their
eyes
closed
(close)．
班上其他学生闭着眼。
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：
③Praise
makes
good
men
better
and
bad
men
worse.
表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。
④You
should
make
your
views
known
(know)．
你应该让别人了解你的观点。
⑤Every
day
my
parents
make
me
have
an
egg.
→Every
day
I
am
made
to_have
an
egg
by
my
parents.
我父母每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Happiness
does
not
consist
in
how
many
possessions
you
own.
2．They
kept
the
door
locked
(lock)
for
a
long
time.
3．The
prisoner
broke
away
from
the
two
policemen
who
were
holding
him.
4．It
was
a
pity
that
he
failed
the
exam
again.
5．All
the
new
students
will
be
divided
into
20
classes,
which
will
be
divided
among
the
teachers.
6．If
you
are
interested,
please
send
an
application
email
at
your
earliest
convenience
to
Ms
Chen
at
chenlaoshi@.
7．He
planned
to
give
a
speech
to
clarify
(clarify)
the
situation.
8．This
attractive
(attract)
tour
takes
you
to
some
of
San
Francisco's
most
cheerful
holiday
scenes.
9．When
she
woke
up,
she
found
herself
lying
(lie)
in
hospital.
10．No
one
speaks
to
him;
he
is
always
left
out.
Ⅱ.选词填空
It
is
a
pity
that,
make
oneself
heard,
leave
out,
be
convenient
for,
break
away
from,
to
one's
credit,
come
into
conflict
with,
consist
of,
divide...into,
attract...to
1．Miss
Green
is
in
charge
of
the
class
consisting_of
60
students.
2．They
came_into_conflict_with
the
local
villagers
because
of
a
heated
quarrel.
3．She
is
trying
to
break_away_from
the
bad
habit,
which
makes
her
parents
happy.
4．Let's
divide
the
cake
into
three
pieces.
5．To_his_credit,_Nathan
gave
back
the
money
he
found
to
the
owner.
6．Every
time
I
take
part
in
a
friend's
big
party,
I
always
go
to
talk
to
those
who
just
sit
alone
so
that
they
don't
feel
left_out.
7．What
do
you
think
attracts
people
to
the
change?
8．It_is_a_pity_that
David
is
away
on
business.
Anyhow,
you've
got
a
great
deal
of
time
to
tour
in
New
York
without
him.
9．The
speaker
raised
his
voice
in
order
to
make_himself_heard.
10．If
it
is_convenient_for
you,
can
you
pick
him
up
at
the
airport
at
11：30
am?
PAGEUnit
2
The
United
Kingdom
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．fax
(n.)传真(机)
(vt)．用传真传输(文件)
2．quarrel
(n.)争吵；争论；吵架
(vi.)争吵；吵架
3．alike
(adj.)相同的；类似的
4．fold
(vt.)折叠；对折
5．sightseeing
(n.)观光；游览
6．royal
(adj.)王室的；皇家的；高贵的
7．uniform
(n.)制服
8．splendid
(adj.)壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
9．statue
(n.)塑像；雕像
10．error
(n.)错误；过失；谬误
11．tense
(n.)时态
12．consistent
(adj.)一致的
13．description
(n.)描写；描述→describe
(vt.)描写；描述
14．furnished
(adj.)配备好装备的；带家具的→furniture
(n.)家具
15．possibility
(n.)可能(性)→possible
(adj.)可能的
16．arrange
(vt.)筹备；安排；整理→arrangement
(n.)安排；筹备工作
17．thrill
(vt.)使激动；使胆战心惊→thrill
(n.)兴奋；激动→thrilling
(n.)毛骨悚然的；发抖的
18．delight
(n.)快乐；高兴；喜悦
(vt.)使高兴；使欣喜→delightful
(adj.)令人喜悦的→delighted
(adj.)高兴的；喜悦的
19．communism
(n.)共产主义→communist
(n.)共产主义者
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．take_the_place_of
代替
2．break_down
(机器)损坏；破坏
3．make_a_list_of
把……列出清单
4．to_one's_surprise
令某人吃惊的是
5．in
memory
of
为纪念……
6．ring
out
(噪音、钟声等)响；鸣
7．on
show
在展览
8．be
proud
of
为……感到自豪
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Worried_about_the_time_available,_Zhang
Pingyu
had
made
a
list
of
the
sites
she
wanted
to
see
in
London.
由于担心时间不够用，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的景点列了一张清单。
2．There_followed_St_Paul's_Cathedral
built
after
the
terrible
fire
of
London
in
1666.
接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是1666年伦敦那场可怕的大火以后建造的。
3．It
looked
splendid
when_first_built
!
刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
4．It_seemed_strange_that
the
man
who
had
developed
communism
should_have_lived_and_died
in
London.
这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
1.联想记单词：字母a开头的表语形容词
①alike 相似的；类似的
②alive
活着的，鲜活的
③alone
单独的，孤单
④asleep
睡着的
⑤awake
醒着的
2．名词用作动词
①quarrel
n.
争吵；争论；吵架→vi.
争吵；吵架
②delight
n.
快乐；高兴；喜悦→vt.
使高兴；使欣喜
③fax
n.
传真(机)→vt.
用传真传输(文件)
3．派生词：形容词后缀－ed
①delight
vt.
使高兴，使欣喜→delighted
adj.
高兴的，愉快的
②thrill
vt.
使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilled
adj.
非常兴奋的，激动的
课文预读
SIGHTSEEING①
IN
LONDON
Worried
about
the
time
available②，
Zhang
Pingyu
had
made
a
list
of
the
sites
she
wanted
to
see
in
London③.
Her
first
delight④
was
going
to
the
Tower.
It
was
built
long
ago
by
the
Norman
invaders
of
AD
1066.
Fancy！⑤
This
solid
stone,
square
tower
had
remained
standing⑥
for
one
thousand
years.
Although
the
buildings
had
expanded⑦
around
it,
it
remained
part
of
a
royal⑧
palace
and
prison
combined.
To
her
great
surprise⑨，
Zhang
Pingyu
found
the
Queen's
jewels
guarded⑩
by
special
royal
soldiers
who,
on
special
occasions?，
still
wore
the
four－hundred－year－old
uniform?
of
the
time
of
Queen
Elizabeth
Ⅰ.
①sightseeing
n．观光；游览
②available
adj.
可用的；可得到的；有效的
③she
wanted
to
see
in
London为定语从句，修饰the
sites。
④delight
[dI'laIt]
n.
快乐；高兴；喜悦
vt.
使高兴；使欣喜
⑤Fancy！是一个独词句。在此处fancy是一个动词。
⑥remain
doing“一直在做；仍旧在做”，doing多为不及物动词，如standing，sitting等。
⑦expand
vi.
&
vt.
扩大；扩展；详述
⑧royal
['r?I?l]
adj.
王室的；皇家的；高贵的
⑨to
her
great
surprise作状语，相当于much
to
her
surprise，表示“令她很吃惊的是”。
⑩found
the
Queen's
jewels
guarded为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语补足语由过去分词guarded充当。
?on
special
occasions在一些特殊的场合
?uniform
['ju?nIf??m]
n．制服
伦敦游记
[第1段译文]
由于担心时间不够用，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的景点列了一张清单。她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。它是很久以前由入侵的诺曼人在公元1066年修建的。真是太棒了！这个坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经屹立在那里1
000年了。尽管在塔的四周扩建了一些建筑，但它仍然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组成部分。让张萍玉十分惊讶的是，她发现女王的珠宝由皇家的特别卫士守护着，而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着400年前伊丽莎白一世女王时的制服。
There
followed
St
Paul's
Cathedral?
built
after
the
terrible
fire
of
London
in
1666?.
It
looked
splendid?
when
first
built?！
Westminster
Abbey?，
too,
was
very
interesting.
It
contained
statues?
in
memory
of?
dead
poets
and
writers,
such
as
Shakespeare.
Then
just
as
she
came
out
of
the
abbey,
Pingyu
heard
the
famous
sound
of
the
clock,
Big
Ben,
ringing
out
the
hour.
She
finished
the
day
by
looking
at
the
outside
of
Buckingham
Palace?，
the
Queen's
house
in
London.
Oh,
she
had
so
much
to
tell
her
friends！
?St
Paul's
Cathedral
圣保罗大教堂
?过去分词短语built...1666作后置定语，修饰St
Paul's
Cathedral。
?splendid
['splendId]
adj.
壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
?when
first
built为省略句，when之后省略了it
was。
?Westminster
Abbey
['westmInst?'?bI]威斯敏斯特教堂(英国名人墓地)
?statue
['st?t?u?]
n.
塑像；雕像
?in
memory
of为纪念
?Buckingham
['b?kI??m]
Palace白金汉宫
[第2段译文]
接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是在1666年伦敦那场可怕的大火以后建造的。刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！威斯敏斯特教堂也是个很有意思的地方，里面珍藏着一些纪念已故诗人和作家的雕像，如莎士比亚的雕像。正当萍玉从大教堂往外走的时候，她听到了著名的大本钟在整点敲响的钟声。她参观了女王的伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景，以此结束了一天的观光。啊，她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了！
what
interested
her
most为what引导的主语从句。
longitude
['l?nd?Itju?d]
n.
经线；经度
latitude
n.
纬度
imaginary
[I'm?d?In?rI]
adj.
想象中的；假想的；虚构的
现在分词短语dividing...world作后置定语，修饰an
imaginary
line。
navigationn.
导航；航行
pass
through穿过
现在分词短语standing
on
either
side
of
the
line作状语。
[第3段译文]
第二天，萍玉参观了格林尼治，看到了古老的轮船和那座著名的为世界定时的钟。她最感兴趣的是那条经线。它是一条假想的线，它把世界分成东西两半球，从而有利于航海。这条线穿过格林尼治，所以萍玉就跨着这条线拍了一张照片。
Highgate
Cemetery
['haIgeIt'sem?trI]
海格特墓地(英伦敦北郊，内有马克思及其家人的坟墓)
It
seemed
strange
that...看起来奇怪的是……，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
communism
['k?mj?nIz?m]
n．共产主义
original
[?'rId??n?l]
adj.
最初的；原始的；独创的；新颖的
thrill
[θrIl]
vt.使激动；使胆战心惊
过去分词短语displayed
in
the
museum作后置定语，修饰treasures。
saw
many
visitors
enjoying
looking
at为see
sb.
doing结构。
on
show展出中；陈列着(此处on
show作后置定语)
was
leaving为过去进行时，表示过去将来。
[第4～5段译文]
最后一天，她参观了伦敦海格特墓地里卡尔·马克思的雕像。这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。不仅如此，他还在著名的大英博物馆图书馆的阅览室里工作过。遗憾的是，这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了，而原来的阅览室也就没有了。但是令她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么多来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。当萍玉看到那么多参观者用欣赏的目光注视着漂亮的中国古代陶瓷和其他展品时，她心里充满了对祖国的自豪感。
第二天，萍玉就要离开伦敦去温莎城堡了。快要睡着时，她想：“也许我能见到女王呢？”
课文理解
Ⅰ.Read
the
text
and
then
find
out
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
A．Visiting
the
Karl
Marx's
statue
and
the
Library
of
the
British
Museum.
B．Visiting
the
Tower.
C．A
visit
to
Greenwich.
D．Visiting
the
St
Paul's
Cathedral,
the
Westminster
Abbey,
and
Buckingham
Palace.
E．The
visit
plan
of
the
next
day.
Paragraph
1
B
Paragraph
2
D
Paragraph
3
C
Paragraph
4
A
Paragraph
5
E
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
carefully
and
judge
the
following
statements
true
(T)
or
false
(F)．
1．The
Tower
was
built
long
ago
by
the
Norman
invaders
of
AD
1066.( T )
2．The
Westminster
Abbey
contained
statues
in
memory
of
dead
poets
and
writers.( T )
3．The
longitude
line
interested
Pingyu
most
when
she
visited
Greenwich
during
the
second
day.
( T )
4．In
London
Zhang
Pingyu
also
saw
the
beautiful
old
Chinese
pots
and
other
objects.
( T )
5．Zhang
Pingyu
had
sightseeing
in
London
for
four
days.( F )
Ⅲ.Scan
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．What
was
the
great
surprise
to
Zhang
Pingyu
while
visiting
the
Tower?
A．The
shape
of
the
Tower.
B．A
royal
palace.
C．The
guards'
uniform.
D．The
Queen's
rings.
答案：C
2．Which
was
NOT
the
place
Zhang
visited
on
the
first
day?
A．The
Tower.
B．St
Paul's
Cathedral.
C．Westminster
Abbey.
D．Greenwich.
答案：D
3．Tourists
to
the
British
Museum
in
London
may
enjoy
all
the
following
EXCEPT
________.
A．Karl
Marx's
works
B．Karl
Marx's
reading
room
C．treasures
of
different
cultures
D．Chinese
pots
答案：B
4．Where
would
Pingyu
go
next?
A．Windsor
Castle.
B．Karl
Marx's
statue.
C．Greenwich.
D．Buckingham
Palace.
答案：A
1
(教材P12)Do
these
differences
cause
conflicts
or
quarrels?
这些差异会引起冲突或争论吗？
have
a
quarrel
with
sb.about/over
sth.
为某事与某人争吵
quarrel
with
sb.about/over
sth.
因某事同某人争吵
[即学即用]
①John
ran
away
from
home
after
a
quarrel
with
his
wife.
约翰和妻子吵了一架后离家出走了。
②He
has
never
had
a
quarrel
with
his
wife
about/over
the
living
expense.
他从未与妻子就生活开销问题吵架。
③Those
children
are
always
quarrelling
with
each
other
about/over
little
things.
那些孩子们总是为小事而争吵。
2
(教材P13)They
had
no
time
to
arrange
their
own
wedding,
so
they
had
it
organized
by
a
company.
他们没有时间准备婚礼，所以他们让一家公司为其筹备。
(1)arrange
sth.
for
sb. 为某人安排好某事
arrange
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
安排(某人)做某事
(2)arrangement
n.
安排；筹备
make
arrangements
for
为……做安排
[即学即用]
①I
want
to
arrange
a
picnic
with
friends
this
weekend.
我想安排与朋友们在这个周末进行一次野餐。
②It's
not
necessary
for
parents
to
arrange
everything
for
their
children.
父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。
③We
have
already
made
arrangements
(arrange)
for
our
vacation.
我们已经为假期做了安排。
[名师点津] arrange不能用于arrange
sb.to
do
sth.结构，应是arrange
for
sb.to
do
sth.。
④He
has
arranged
for
Mr
Chen
to
attend
the
meeting.
他已安排陈先生去参加会议。
3
(教材P14)Her
first
delight
was
going
to
the
Tower.
她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。
(1)take
(great)
delight
in
(doing)
sth.
以(做)某事为乐
with
delight
高兴地；愉快地
to
one's
delight＝to
the
delight
of
sb.
使某人高兴的是
(2)delight
sb.with
sth.用某物使某人高兴
[即学即用]
①To
my
great
delight,
the
first
prize
came
to
me.
令我十分高兴的是，我获得了一等奖。
②On
hearing
that
she
was
admitted
to
Beijing
University,
she
ran
back
home
with_delight.
一听到被北京大学录取的消息，她兴高采烈地跑回家。
③He
often
takes
delight
in
telling
(tell)
funny
stories
to
the
children.
他时常以给孩子们讲滑稽可笑的故事为乐。
[联想归纳] “to
one's＋n.”短语大集合
①to
one's
joy/pleasure使某人高兴的是
②to
one's
satisfaction使某人满意的是
③to
one's
astonishment/surprise使某人吃惊的是
④to
one's
regret使某人遗憾的是
⑤to
one's
credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬
4
(教材P16)Make
sure
that
tenses
are
consistent.
确保时态一致。
be
consistent
with... 与……一致
be
consistent
in...
在……方面一致
[即学即用]
①Durant,
who
won
the
FMVP
of
the
2017
season,
was
the
most
consistent
player
in
the
team.
杜兰特当选2017赛季总决赛最有价值球员，他一直是队中发挥最稳定的球员。
②As
is
known
to
all,
he
is
consistent
in
his
arguments.
众所周知，他的论点始终如一。
③The
results
are
entirely
consistent
with
our
earlier
research.
这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
1
(教材P12)All
of
the
words
below
can
take
the
place
of
said,
but
they
are
used
under
different
conditions
and
in
different
situations.
下面所有这些词都能代替动词said，但它们在不同的条件和情形下使用。
(1)take
place 发生；举行
take
one's
place
站好位置；就位；跻身于；
坐某人的座位；代替某人的职位
(2)in
place
of
代替
in
one's
place
代替某人；处于某人的处境
in
place
在适当的位置
in
the
first
place
首先；第一
[即学即用]
①Sending
e－mails
has
almost
taken
the
place
of
writing
letters
now.
现在发送电子邮件几乎已经代替了写信。
②As
we
all
know,
the
next
Winter
Olympics
will
take_place
in
China.
众所周知，下届冬季奥运会将在中国举行。
③His
new
work
will
take_its_place
among
the
most
important
paintings
of
the
century.
他的新作品将跻身于本世纪最重要的绘画作品之列。
④Robots
can
now
do
such
dangerous
jobs
in_place_of
human
beings.
机器人现在可以代替人类做这类危险工作。
[联想归纳] 表示“代替”的表达法
(1)动词(短语)有：take
the
place
of,
take
sb.'s
place,
replace
(2)介词短语有：in
place
of,
in
one's
place,
instead
of
break
down
?机器?损坏；破坏；消除；?讨论、谈判等?失败；身体垮掉；砸破；?化学?使分解)
(教材P13)On
my
way
to
the
station
my
car
broke
down.
在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。
写出下列句中break
down的含义
①The
printing
machines
are
always
breaking
down.(机器)损坏
②Sugar
and
starch
are
broken
down
in
the
stomach.使分解
③His
health
broke
down
because
he
had
been
working
too
hard.身体垮掉
④The
talks
between
the
two
sides
have
broken
down.(谈判等)失败
break
up 分散；拆散；驱散；(关系等)破裂
break
in
打断(谈话)；插嘴
break
into/in
闯入
break
out
(战争、火灾等)爆发
break
through
突破；穿透
break
away
from
脱离(政党)；打破(陈规、陋习)
[即学即用]
⑤She
broke
off
the
conversation
and
answered
the
phone.
她中断了谈话去接电话。
⑥The
boy
was
so
angry
that
he
broke_away_from
his
mother
and
ran
away.
这个男孩如此生气以至于他挣脱开母亲跑开了。
⑦There
was
no
one
nearby
who
might
see
him
trying
to
break
into
the
house.
附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入那座房子里。
when
first
built为时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为when
it
was
first
built。
状语从句省略的条件
when,
while,
before,
after,
unless,
as
if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it，状语从句谓语中含有be动词
状语从句的省略成分
省略从句中的主语和be动词
①If
chosen,
Mr
Brown,
who
is
rich
in
experience,
will
turn
out
to
be
an
excellent
manager.
如果被当选，经验丰富的布朗先生会成为一名优秀的经理。
②Fill
in
a
proper
preposition
where
(it
is)
necessary.
在需要的地方填入一个适当的介词。
[名师点津] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
③When
surfing
(surf)
on
the
Internet,
I
found
the
news.
当上网时，我发现了这条消息。
④When
asked
(ask)
about
the
secret
of
his
success,
he
said
that
he
owed
much
of
his
success
and
happiness
to
his
wife
and
children.
当被问及成功的秘密时，他说他的成功和幸福很大部分归功于妻子和孩子。
⑤He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
to_say
(say)
something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
likes
to
have
a
quarrel
with
neighbors
about
little
things.
2．Chemicals
in
the
body
break
down
our
food
into
useful
substances.
3．The
Jibo
robot,
arranged
to_ship
(ship)
later
this
year,
is
designed
to
be
a
personalized
assistant.
4．Though
computers
can
do
a
lot
of
work
man
can't
do,
they
can't
completely
take
the
place
of
human
beings.
5．It
is
a
delight
to_see
(see)
you
so
fit
and
healthy.
6．Some
stars'
fame
is
not
consistent
with
their
behavior,
which
often
lets
the
fans
down.
7．Lost
(lose)
in
thought,
he
almost
ran
into
a
tree.
8．This
problem
may
lead
to
more
serious
ones
if
left
(leave)
unsolved.
Ⅱ.选词填空
break
down，to
my
delight，be
consistent
in，take
place，arrange
for，quarrel
with
1．He
quarrelled_with
his
girlfriend
yesterday
and
now
they
have
made
up.
2．The
sports
meeting
which
is
to
take_place
this
Friday
has
to
be
put
off
because
of
the
heavy
rain
these
days.
3．To
our
disappointment,
our
car
broke_down
on
the
way
and
we
had
to
walk
to
our
destination.
4．—Can
you
arrange_for
us
to
visit
the
museum
tomorrow?
—No
problem.
5．To_my_delight,_Michael
sang
high
praise
for
my
great
achievements
before
my
classmates,
which
made
me
feel
proud
of
myself.
6．He
was_consistent_in
what
he
said,
and
there
was
no
mistake
in
his
speech.
PAGEUnit
2
The
United
Kingdom
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——过去分词作宾语补足语
[语法图解]
[探究发现]
第一组：
①Now
when
people
refer
to
England
you
find
Wales
included
as
well.
②You
find
most
of
the
population
settled
in
the
south,
but
most
of
the
industrial
cities
in
the
Midlands
and
the
North
of
England.
③Have
you
ever
heard
the
song
sung
in
Chinese?
④We'd
like
to
see
the
problems
solved
within
seven
days.
第二组：
①I
had
a
photo
taken
standing
on
the
Great
Wall.
②Finally
the
English
government
tried
in
the
early
twentieth
century
to
form
the
United
Kingdom
by
getting
Ireland
connected
in
the
same
peaceful
way.
③You
must
make
yourself
respected.
第三组：
①The
teacher
wanted
the
problem
discussed
at
the
moment.
②The
manager
wished
those
letters
typed
as
soon
as
possible.
[我的发现]
(1)以上例句中的过去分词在句中作宾语补足语，它们与句子宾语之间的关系为逻辑上的被动关系或完成关系。
(2)在第一组句子中，find，hear和see等感官动词后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
(3)在第二组句子中，have，get和make等使役动词后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
(4)在第三组句子中，want
和wish都为表示意愿或愿望的动词，其后可以用过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
一、常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He
got
up
late
and
hurried
to
his
office,
leaving
the
breakfast
untouched.
他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某种不幸”。
Claire
had
her
luggage
checked
an
hour
before
her
plane
left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔让行李进行了安检。
While
they
were
on
holiday,
they
had
their
car
broken
into.
他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They
managed
to
make
themselves
understood
by
using
very
simple
English.
他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3．感官动词see,
hear,
notice,
observe,
watch,
feel,
find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When
we
saw
the
road
blocked
with
snow,
we
decided
to
spend
the
holiday
at
home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
The
next
morning
people
found
the
world
outside
their
houses
completely
changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like,
want,
wish,
expect,
order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The
manager
ordered
the
work
finished
at
the
end
of
this
week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The
living
room
is
clean
and
tidy,
with
a
dining
table
already
laid
for
a
meal
to
be
cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放即将做好的饭菜。
John
received
an
invitation
to
dinner,
and
with
his
work
finished,
he
gladly
accepted
it.
约翰收到一份宴请函，由于他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Back
from
his
two－year
medical
service
in
Africa,
Dr
Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
taken
(take)
good
care
of
at
home.
②Before
driving
into
the
city,
you
are
required
to
get
your
car
washed
(wash)．
③Lucy
has
a
great
sense
of
humour
and
always
keeps
her
colleagues
amused
(amuse)
with
her
stories.
④With
the
problem
solved
(solve),
the
quality
has
been
improved.
⑤The
boss
wouldn't
like
the
topic
discussed
(discuss)
at
the
meeting.
⑥He
walked
into
the
room
quietly
in
order
not
to
make
himself
noticed
(notice)．
二、非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词(短语)
see,
watch,
observe,
look
at,
notice,
hear,
listen
to,
feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：
I
heard
her
singing
an
English
song
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
I
heard
her
sing
an
English
song
just
now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
To
learn
English
well,
we
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
spoken
as
much
as
possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)
[即时演练2] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①They
knew
her
very
well.
They
had
seen
her
grow
(grow)
up
from
childhood.
②The
missing
boy
was
last
seen
playing
(play)
near
the
river.
③When
he
came
back,
he
was
glad
to
see
the
work
finished
(finish)．
2．使役动词make,
have,
get,
keep后加复合宾语的比较
make＋宾语＋
The
shocking
news
made
me
realize
what
terrible
problems
we
would
face.
这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
I
made
myself
known
to
them
first
and
then
we
talked
about
our
hobbies.
我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了自己的爱好。
have＋宾语＋
Mother
had
me
go
to
the
shop
and
buy
some
salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
He
had
us
laughing
all
through
the
meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My
elder
sister
had
her
wallet
stolen
on
a
bus
last
month.
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
get＋宾语＋
He
got
me
to
post
the
letter
for
him.
他让我替他寄信。
The
captain
got
the
soldiers
moving
toward
the
front
after
a
short
rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I'll
get
my
cellphone
repaired
tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
keep＋宾语＋
I'm
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
so
long.
对不起，让你久等了。
She
kept
her
eyes
shut
and
stayed
where
she
was.
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
[即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Barbara
often
makes
a
schedule
to
get
herself
reminded
(remind)
of
what
she
is
to
do
in
the
day.
②He
wants
to
have
his
eyes
examined
(examine)
tomorrow.
③He
spoke
slowly
and
clearly
so
that
he
could
make
himself
understood
(understand)．
④Li
Hua,
who
was
busy
preparing
a
report,
couldn't
put
up
with
the
loud
noise,
so
he
kept
all
the
windows
shut
(shut)
all
day
long.
3．with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
with
WeChat
is
like
a
public
network,
with
people
sharing
information
publicly;
whatever
they
say
or
publish
can
be
seen
by
everybody.
微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么，发布什么，大家都可以看到。
With
a
great
weight
taken
off
her
mind,
she
passed
all
the
tests
successfully.
由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,
she
wasn't
allowed
to
leave
her
office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
[即时演练4] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
(follow)
them.
②With
many
brightly－coloured
flowers
planted
(plant)
around
the
building,
his
house
looks
like
a
beautiful
garden.
③With
so
many
things
to_consider
(consider),
we
haven't
decided
on
the
final
plan
yet.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I'll
get
your
material
typed
(type)
in
the
library
upstairs.
2．With
all
his
lessons
prepared
(prepare),
Peter
went
to
bed,
relaxed.
3．To
their
great
fear,
they
found
themselves
caught
(catch)
in
the
heaviest
snowfall
they
had
ever
had.
4．He's
a
good
watch
repairer
and
can
get
the
clock
going
(go)
again.
5．He
tried
in
vain
to
make
himself
understood
(understand)
in
Chinese,
because
most
of
them
came
from
Europe.
6．Television
keeps
us
informed
(inform)
of
the
latest
news
and
also
provides
entertainment
at
home.
7．You
were
here
just
now.
Did
you
notice
anyone
enter
(enter)
the
house?
8．Jimmy
has
had
his
bike
repaired,_and
he
is
going
to
have
somebody
repair
his
radio
tomorrow.
(repair)
9．With
much
homework
to_finish
(finish),
I
am
not
allowed
to
go
out.
10．As
soon
as
the
teacher
entered
the
classroom,
he
found
several
students
talking
(talk)
aloud.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．All
the
parents
feel
very
happy
to_see_their_children_looked_after
(看到他们的孩子被照顾)
well
in
the
nursery.
2．With_all_the_work_done
(所有的工作都做完了),
I
feel
very
relaxed
now.
3．I
promise
you
that
I'll
get_the_new_plan_passed
(让这个新计划通过)
at
the
meeting
to
be
held
next
week.
4．The
girl
answered
the
question
in
such
a
low
voice
that
she
couldn't
make_herself_heard
(让她自己被听到)
by
others.
5．When
he
woke
up,
he
found
himself
surrounded_by_a_group_of_children
(被一群孩子围着)．
6．Don't
leave_that_man_over_there_waiting
(不要让那个人一直在那儿等)
outside
and
show
him
in
now.
PAGEUnit
2
The
United
Kingdom
Section
Ⅳ Writing——旅游宣传手册
旅游宣传手册是旅游行业对外宣传、吸引游客的一种重要方式。通过景点介绍让读者对景区产生一种强烈的游览向往。
一、基本结构
第一部分：介绍旅游景点的基本信息，如地理位置、人文环境等。
第二部分：具体介绍其旅游特色。
第三部分：总结陈述以吸引读者前去旅游。
二、增分佳句
(一)介绍景点的基本信息
1．It
is
located/lies
in...,
with
an
area
of...
2．It
covers
an
area
of...，with
a
history
of...
3．...,
located
in...and
covering
an
area
of...,
is
one
of
China's
most
famous
scenic
spots.
4．The
history
of...dates
back
to...
5．It
has
become
the
most
popular
tourist
attraction
since...
(二)介绍景点的旅游特色
1．There
are
many
places
of
interest,
such
as...
2．You
can
enjoy...,
which
has
a
high
reputation
both
at
home
and
abroad.
3．With...，...is/are
attracting
more
and
more
tourists.
4．An
interesting
feature
of...is...
5．With
its
pleasant
climate,
rich
natural
resources
and
beautiful
scenery,
...
is
one
of
China's
major
tourist
cities.
6．A
trip
along...will
enable
you
to
get
to
know...
(三)总结陈述
1．...is
well
worth
visiting.
2．...is
a
place
you
have
to
visit
and
the
extraordinary
view
will
make
you
unwilling
to
leave.
[题目要求]
假设你是河源市的李华，你市为吸引国外游客，拟制作英文版河源旅游宣传手册，并公开征稿。请根据下面信息，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文应征。
1．位于广州的东北方向，离广州约198公里。
2．由五个县(county)组成，人口约324万。
3．历史悠久，名胜众多；万绿湖(Wanlu
Lake)景点优美；湖水清澈；鱼类繁多。
4．博物馆中有各种恐龙(dinosaur)蛋化石(fossil)，吸引了来自全世界的游客。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，基本信息：位置、人口和历史。
第二部分，景点介绍：详细介绍万绿湖。
第三部分，总结：发出邀请。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．have_a_long_history
有着悠久的历史
2．lie_to/in
位于
3．be...away
from...
离……有……远
4．consist_of
由……组成
5．have
a
population
of...
有……的人口
6．places_of_interest
名胜
7．be
one
of/among...
是……中之一
8．a_variety_of
各种各样的
9．display/be_on_show
展出
10．from_all_over_the_world/from_every_corner_of_the_world
来自全世界
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．河源市有着悠久的历史。(主谓宾结构)
Heyuan_has_a_long_history.
2．它位于广州的东北方向。(主谓结构)
It_lies_to_the_northeast_of_Guangzhou.
3．离广州约198公里远。(主系表结构)
It_is_about_198_kilometers_away_from_Guangzhou.
4．河源市由五个县组成。(主谓结构)
The_city_of_Heyuan_consists_of_5_counties.
5．它大约有3
240
000人口。(主谓宾结构)
It_has_a_population_of_about_3.24_million.
6．河源市有许多名胜。(There
be句型)
There_are_many_places_of_interest_in_Heyuan.
7．万绿湖是其中一个典型。(主系表结构；one
of...；outstanding)
Wanlu_Lake_is_one_of_outstanding_examples.
8．湖水清澈，鱼类繁多。(so...that...)
The_water_there_is_so_clean_that_there_is_a_variety_of_fish_in_it.
9．有很多恐龙蛋化石。(There
be句型)
There_are_many_dinosaur_egg_fossils.
10．它们在当地博物馆中展出。(被动语态)
They_are_displayed_in_the_local_museum.
11．它们吸引了来自全世界的游客。(主谓宾结构)
They_attract_visitors_from_every_corner_of_the_world.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用“Heyuan＋with...＋谓语动词lie＋from
which＋定语从句”连接句1、2、3
Heyuan,_with_a_long_history,_lies_to_the_northeast_of_Guangzhou,_from_which_it_is_about_198_kilometers_away.
2．用现在分词短语作定语连接句4、5
The_city_of_Heyuan,_consisting_of_5_counties,_has_a_population_of_about_3.24_million.
3．用one
example
of
which引导定语从句连接句6、7
There_are_many_places_of_interest_in_Heyuan,_one_example_of_which_is_Wanlu_Lake.
4．用倒装句改写句8
So_clean_is_the_water_there_that_there_is_a_variety_of_fish_in_it.
5．用句型“There
be＋n.＋过去分词作定语＋现在分词作结果状语”连接句9、10、11
There_are_many_dinosaur_egg_fossils_displayed_in_the_local_museum,_attracting_visitors_from_every_corner_of_the_world.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Heyuan,_with_a_long_history,_lies_to_the_northeast_of_Guangzhou,_from_which_it_is_about_198_kilometers_away._The_city_of_Heyuan,_consisting_of_5_counties,_has_a_population_of_about_3.24_million._There_are_many_famous_places_of_interest_in_Heyuan,_one_example_of_which_is_Wanlu_Lake,_an_inviting_tourist_destination._So_clean_is_the_water_there_that_there_is_a_variety_of_fish_in_it._In_addition,_there_are_many_dinosaur_egg_fossils_displayed_in_the_local_museum,_attracting_visitors_from_every_corner_of_the_world.
Why_not_give_it_a_try?_Your_trip_to_Heyuan_is_sure_to_be_enjoyable_and_worthwhile.
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