外研版(2019)高中英语选择性必修一大讲练学案：Unit 4 Meeting the muse Using language Word版含解析

Unit 4 Meeting the muse
Period?2? Using language?知识点梳理
单元语法精讲精练－非谓语动词作表语
I.语法感知
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
1．Every artist’s wish is to create something that expresses an idea. 2．One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his children’s toys.
3．He was particularly interested in the old story about...
4．To listen to Tan’s music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences.
5．...she has been known as the “Peacock Princess”．
动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式都可以在句中作表语。句1和句4中是动词不定式作表语；句2中是动词-ing形式作表语；句3和句5中是动词-ed形式作表语。
II.语法精析
动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式作表语
一、动词不定式作表语
1．表示目的。
The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。
2．表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果或预言。
You must tell me about it，if we are to remain friends.
如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须告诉我那件事。
3．用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。
What am I to say if they ask me the question?
要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？
4．用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义。
You are to be rewarded.
你应该受到奖励。(should)
These books are not to be sold.
这些书不应该卖掉。(ought not to be)
5．表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。
They are to marry next week.
他们将在下周结婚。(安排)
Children are not to smoke.儿童不准吸烟。(禁止)
You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.想要成功，你就必须有耐心和毅力。(愿望)
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式可以在句中作表语，说明主语“是什么”。作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows.
你的任务就是擦窗户。(＝Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at.
我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑．(＝Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
2．不定式作表语和动词-ing作表语的区别
不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；而动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
The old man’s job today is to paint the walls.
老人今天的工作是粉刷这些墙。
The old man’s job is painting the walls.
老人的工作是粉刷墙。
注意：这种区别并不是绝对的。例外的情况也不少，用不定式或动名词作表语时，有时意思区别很小。
3．动名词作表语、现在分词作表语和现在分词用于进行时的区别。
动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”，现在分词作表语，说明主语的特征。现在分词用于进行时时，说明主语正在进行的动作。
Her work is taking care of these children.
她的工作是照顾这些孩子。
Her work is very interesting.
她的工作很有趣。
She is taking care of these children.
她正在照顾这些孩子。
三、动词-ed形式作表语
1．动词-ed形式可以在句中作表语，说明主语的状态。
All the fans are very excited.
所有粉丝都很兴奋。
It is obvious that the boy is interested in this machine.
显然，这个男孩对这台机器感兴趣。
2．现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：
现在分词和过去分词都可以作表语，现在分词作表语说明主语的特征，而过去分词作表语说明主语的状态。
The dog is frightening.这条狗是可怕的。
The dog is frightened.这条狗很害怕。
3．过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别。
过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态，过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。
The cup is broken.杯子碎了。
The cup was broken by Lucy.杯子被露西打碎了。
III.高考链接
A.选词填空
1．For most of us，the experience was really _________(exciting/excited)．
2．When hearing the news，the girl became very _________(shocking/shocked)．
3．All of us were _________(surprising/surprised) at the news he told us.
4．When I was _________(walking/walked) in the street，I heard a large noise.
5．He was late for work again and his boss was very _________(annoying/annoyed)．
答案：
1.exciting 2.shocked 3.surprised 4.walking 5.annoyed
B.完成句子
1．You are _________ your work before Friday.
你们应该在周五前交作业。
2．To change your attitude is _________ your life.
改变态度就是改变人生。
3．The real problem is _________ the needs of the customers.
真正的问题是要了解顾客的需要。
4．The speaker is _________ the situation at the moment.
此刻演讲者正在谈论形势。
5．Unfortunately，the boy _________ in the final match.
不幸的是，男孩在决赛中受伤了。
6．I could tell from his face that he _________ what I had done.
我从他脸上可以看出，他对我做的很满意。
7．What am I _________ if I run out of all the money?
如果把这些钱都用光了，我该怎么办？
8．The careless driver is_________ the terrible accident.
这个粗心的司机应该为这起可怕事故负责任。
答案：
1.to hand in 2.to change 3.getting to know 4.talking about
5.got injured 6.was satisfied with 7.to do 8. to blame for
C.根据提示完成单句写作
1．你看上去非常失望。发生了什么事？(disappoint)
_________________________________________________________________
2．当他想到那位勇敢的年轻人时，他很受鼓舞。(inspire)
_________________________________________________________________
3．我进去时，他依然站在桌子旁。(stand)
_________________________________________________________________
4．当时的情形是非常尴尬的，我不知道怎么办。(embarrass)
_________________________________________________________________
5．昨天我去看那部电影了。它非常乏味。(bore)
_________________________________________________________________
6．他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。(make)
_________________________________________________________________
7．我的主要目的是指出这个问题的困难。(point out)
_________________________________________________________________
8．他喜欢的是每天晚饭后散步。(take)
_________________________________________________________________
9．从他的表情我可以推断，他对此事感到非常吃惊。(surprise)
_________________________________________________________________
10．这个女孩的理想是长大后当医生。(wish)
_________________________________________________________________
11．老人告诉我们，那次经历是非常可怕的。(frighten)
_________________________________________________________________
12．这个男孩的爱好是收集所有的旧报纸。(collect)
_________________________________________________________________
答案：
1.You look so disappointed.What happened?
2.When he thought of the brave young man，he became very inspired.
3.When I entered，he remained standing beside the table.
4.The situation was very embarrassing and I didn’t know what to do.
5.I went to see the film yesterday.It was so boring.
6.Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.
7.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
8.What he likes is taking a walk after supper every day.
9.From his expression，I could tell that he was very surprised at this matter.
10.The girl’s wish is to be a doctor when she grows up.
11.The old man told us that the experience was really frightening.
12.The boy’s hobby is collecting all the old newspapers.