外研版(2019)高中英语选择性必修一大讲练学案：Unit 5 Revealing nature Period 3  Developing ideas and Presenting
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Unit 5 Revealing nature
Period?3? Developing ideas and Presenting ideas知识点梳理
I.词汇精讲·对接高考
知识点1.【原句】After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise declined.
decline v.减少；衰退；谢绝n.减少；下降；衰退
【考点归纳】
※decline by...下降了……
decline to do sth.拒绝做某事
※in decline在下降
on the decline在下降
a sharp decline in...在……方面的急剧下降
【例句】
①In parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.(2019·浙江)
在加州南部的部分地区这种下降接近75%。
②I offered to give them a lift，but they declined with thanks.
我邀请他们搭便车，但他们婉言谢绝了。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.
去年，到这个景点旅游的人数减少了10%。
②In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit(visit) Oxford.
尽管多次受到邀请，他还是拒绝去牛津。
知识点2.【原句】The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝被归咎于人类。
blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于
【考点归纳】
※blame sb.for...因……而怪罪/责备某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth.on...把责任归咎于……
be to blame for该为……受责备；应为……承担责任
※put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
take/bear the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
【例句】
She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.
她把婚姻的失败归咎于她的丈夫。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①It is my fault，so I am to blame(blame) for Miller’s accident.
这是我的错，我应当为米勒的事故负责任。
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
很多人发现早晨起床很难，并且把此问题归咎于闹钟。
知识点3.【原句】When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals.
当另一株豆属植物发现受伤邻居释放的化学物质时，它开始释放自己的不同的化学物质。
detect v．发现，察觉
【考点归纳】
※detection n.探测，侦查
※detective n.侦探
※detector n.探测器
【例句】
Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
如果发现得早，许多癌症都可以治愈。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①Last year the detection(detect) rate for car theft was just 13%.
去年汽车盗窃案的侦破率仅为13%。
②If you want to enter that house，you must hold a smoke detector(detect)．
如果你想进入那个房子，你必须拿着一个烟雾探测器。
【高级表达】
A firefighter was walking ahead of me and he was detecting the ground.(用非谓语动词改写)
A firefighter was walking ahead of me，detecting the ground.
知识点4.【原句】This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.
这种真菌网络把不同植物的根部相互联系起来。
link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．联系；连接线
【考点归纳】
※a link between...and...……和……之间的联系
※link...to/with...把……和……连接/联系起来
【例句】
Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
例如，大多数食物网由很多弱的联系而不是强的联系组成。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?
吸烟和肺病之间有联系吗？
②A subway line will link the airport to the city center.地铁将把机场和市中心连接起来。
【高级表达】
The girl likes yellow that is linked with confidence and self-respect.(用非谓语动词改写)
The girl likes yellow linked with confidence and self-respect.
知识点5.【原句】This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.
这种真菌网络把不同植物的根部相互联系起来。
root n．根；根源 vt.&vi.(使)生根；(使)扎根
【考点归纳】
※the root of the problem问题的根源
※rooted adj.根深蒂固的；生根的
【例句】
①Tree roots can cause damage to buildings.
树根会对大楼造成损害。
②We have to get to the root of the problem.
我们必须找到这个问题的根源。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
His problems are deeply rooted(root) in his childhood experience.
他的问题的根源在于他的童年经历。
II.重点短语精讲精练
知识点【原句】Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
有些化学物质把昆虫赶跑。
drive...away赶跑；驱车离开
【考点归纳】
drive off驾车离开
drive sb.crazy使某人发疯
【例句】
After two and a half years，the mother drove the young panda away.
两年半后，熊猫妈妈把小熊猫赶跑了。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①I watched several people go by，get into their cars and drive off.
我看见几个人走过，上车然后开车离开了。
②The children nearby drove her crazy by making fun of her.
附近的孩子们取笑她，这简直让她发疯。
III.重点句型精讲精练
知识点1.【原句】Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆，是因为它们的特性容易控制。
【考点归纳】
※本句中的were easy to control是“be＋adj.＋to do”结构，是用主动形式表示被动意义。
※在“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构中，不定式与句子主语构成动宾关系时，不定式仍用主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。
【例句】
He found that the sentence was hard to understand.
他发现这个句子很难理解。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
It is difficult to answer(answer) this question in a few words.
这个问题三言两语很难说明白。
【句型转换】
When he turned on the computer，he found that the emails were hard to answer.
→When he turned on the computer，he found the emails hard to answer.
知识点2.【原句】Using the wood wide web，plants can share information and even food with each other.
使用森林网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。
【考点归纳】
※本句中的Using the wood wide web是现在分词短语作方式状语。
※现在分词作状语时，可表示时间、伴随、条件、原因、结果等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
【例句】
My father sat in the armchair，reading a magazine.
＝My father sat in the armchair and read a magazine.
我父亲坐在扶手椅中看杂志。(表伴随)
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①Hearing(hear) the news，they got very excited.
＝When they heard the news，they got very excited.听到这个消息，他们很激动。(表时间)
②Not knowing(know) her address，I can’t write to her.
＝As/Because I don’t know her address，I can’t write to her.
由于不知道她的地址，我无法给她写信。(表原因)
③The cup dropped to the ground，breaking(break) into pieces.
＝The cup dropped to the ground and broke into pieces.
杯子掉到地上，摔成了碎片。(表结果)
④Working hard，you will pass the final exam.
＝If you work hard，you will pass the final exam.
如果你努力学习，你会通过期末考试的。(表条件)
【句型转换】
The two students stood there and showed their paintings to us.
→The two students stood there，showing their paintings to us.
Period?3? Developing ideas and Presenting ideas知识点梳理
I.词汇精讲·对接高考
知识点1.【原句】After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise declined.
decline v.减少；衰退；谢绝n.减少；下降；衰退
【考点归纳】
※decline by...下降了……
decline to do sth.拒绝做某事
※in decline在下降
on the decline在下降
a sharp decline in...在……方面的急剧下降
【例句】
①In parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.(2019·浙江)
在加州南部的部分地区这种下降接近75%。
②I offered to give them a lift，but they declined with thanks.
我邀请他们搭便车，但他们婉言谢绝了。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.
去年，到这个景点旅游的人数减少了10%。
②In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit(visit) Oxford.
尽管多次受到邀请，他还是拒绝去牛津。
知识点2.【原句】The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝被归咎于人类。
blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于
【考点归纳】
※blame sb.for...因……而怪罪/责备某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth.on...把责任归咎于……
be to blame for该为……受责备；应为……承担责任
※put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
take/bear the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
【例句】
She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.
她把婚姻的失败归咎于她的丈夫。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①It is my fault，so I am to blame(blame) for Miller’s accident.
这是我的错，我应当为米勒的事故负责任。
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
很多人发现早晨起床很难，并且把此问题归咎于闹钟。
知识点3.【原句】When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals.
当另一株豆属植物发现受伤邻居释放的化学物质时，它开始释放自己的不同的化学物质。
detect v．发现，察觉
【考点归纳】
※detection n.探测，侦查
※detective n.侦探
※detector n.探测器
【例句】
Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
如果发现得早，许多癌症都可以治愈。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①Last year the detection(detect) rate for car theft was just 13%.
去年汽车盗窃案的侦破率仅为13%。
②If you want to enter that house，you must hold a smoke detector(detect)．
如果你想进入那个房子，你必须拿着一个烟雾探测器。
【高级表达】
A firefighter was walking ahead of me and he was detecting the ground.(用非谓语动词改写)
A firefighter was walking ahead of me，detecting the ground.
知识点4.【原句】This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.
这种真菌网络把不同植物的根部相互联系起来。
link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．联系；连接线
【考点归纳】
※a link between...and...……和……之间的联系
※link...to/with...把……和……连接/联系起来
【例句】
Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
例如，大多数食物网由很多弱的联系而不是强的联系组成。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?
吸烟和肺病之间有联系吗？
②A subway line will link the airport to the city center.地铁将把机场和市中心连接起来。
【高级表达】
The girl likes yellow that is linked with confidence and self-respect.(用非谓语动词改写)
The girl likes yellow linked with confidence and self-respect.
知识点5.【原句】This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.
这种真菌网络把不同植物的根部相互联系起来。
root n．根；根源 vt.&vi.(使)生根；(使)扎根
【考点归纳】
※the root of the problem问题的根源
※rooted adj.根深蒂固的；生根的
【例句】
①Tree roots can cause damage to buildings.
树根会对大楼造成损害。
②We have to get to the root of the problem.
我们必须找到这个问题的根源。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
His problems are deeply rooted(root) in his childhood experience.
他的问题的根源在于他的童年经历。
II.重点短语精讲精练
知识点【原句】Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
有些化学物质把昆虫赶跑。
drive...away赶跑；驱车离开
【考点归纳】
drive off驾车离开
drive sb.crazy使某人发疯
【例句】
After two and a half years，the mother drove the young panda away.
两年半后，熊猫妈妈把小熊猫赶跑了。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①I watched several people go by，get into their cars and drive off.
我看见几个人走过，上车然后开车离开了。
②The children nearby drove her crazy by making fun of her.
附近的孩子们取笑她，这简直让她发疯。
III.重点句型精讲精练
知识点1.【原句】Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆，是因为它们的特性容易控制。
【考点归纳】
※本句中的were easy to control是“be＋adj.＋to do”结构，是用主动形式表示被动意义。
※在“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构中，不定式与句子主语构成动宾关系时，不定式仍用主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。
【例句】
He found that the sentence was hard to understand.
他发现这个句子很难理解。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
It is difficult to answer(answer) this question in a few words.
这个问题三言两语很难说明白。
【句型转换】
When he turned on the computer，he found that the emails were hard to answer.
→When he turned on the computer，he found the emails hard to answer.
知识点2.【原句】Using the wood wide web，plants can share information and even food with each other.
使用森林网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。
【考点归纳】
※本句中的Using the wood wide web是现在分词短语作方式状语。
※现在分词作状语时，可表示时间、伴随、条件、原因、结果等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
【例句】
My father sat in the armchair，reading a magazine.
＝My father sat in the armchair and read a magazine.
我父亲坐在扶手椅中看杂志。(表伴随)
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①Hearing(hear) the news，they got very excited.
＝When they heard the news，they got very excited.听到这个消息，他们很激动。(表时间)
②Not knowing(know) her address，I can’t write to her.
＝As/Because I don’t know her address，I can’t write to her.
由于不知道她的地址，我无法给她写信。(表原因)
③The cup dropped to the ground，breaking(break) into pieces.
＝The cup dropped to the ground and broke into pieces.
杯子掉到地上，摔成了碎片。(表结果)
④Working hard，you will pass the final exam.
＝If you work hard，you will pass the final exam.
如果你努力学习，你会通过期末考试的。(表条件)
【句型转换】
The two students stood there and showed their paintings to us.
→The two students stood there，showing their paintings to us.