外研版(2019)高中英语选择性必修一大讲练学案：Unit 6 Nurturing nature Period 2  Using language Word版含解析

Unit 6 Nurturing nature
Period?2? Using language?知识点梳理
单元语法精讲精练－现在完成进行时
I.语法感知
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
1．All this time，the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head. 2．The journey has been flying by，and before I know it...
3．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries.
4．Now，thanks to our efforts，passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.
现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，并一直持续到现在，动作可能仍在进行，也可能刚刚结束。现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been＋现在分词，如句1、句2、句3和句4。
II.语法精析
一、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成。
1．现在完成进行时的用法
(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文语境而定。该时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和all this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等时间状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用(与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。
I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.
我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没出现。
I’ve been writing letters all this morning.
今天上午我一直在写信。
How long have you been living here?
你在这里住了多久了？
(2)有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。
He’s been shaving since last year.
他从去年开始就一直刮脸。
You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.整整一年你都在说要出国学习。
2．现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略
现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。
这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。
You’ve been working too hard.
你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了)
You’ve been smoking again.
你又抽烟了。(暗含结果是你身上有烟味)
Who’s been insulting you?
谁欺负你了？(对方可能在哭)
3．现在完成进行时的感彩
现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感彩。
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.
和你见面是我盼望已久的事。
Too much has been happening today.
今天发生太多事了。
二、现在完成进行时与现在完成时
现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感彩。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较：
1．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Have you been meeting him recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
Have you met him recently?
你最近见过他吗？
2．现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
I have waited for you for two hours.
我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
3．现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。
Who has been eating the oranges?
谁一直在吃橘子呀？(还剩余一些)
Who has eaten the oranges?
谁把橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)
4．有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：表示状态的动词：be，have，exist等；表示感情的动词：like，love等；表示感觉的动词：see，hear，know等。
He has had a cold for a week.
他已经感冒一周了。
I have liked jazz since I was a teenager.
从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。
I have known her for a long time.
我已经认识她很长时间了。
5．与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与“次数”连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。
6．这两种时态都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，可以说是现在完成时的强调形式。
We have been living here for ten years.
We have lived here for ten years.
我们在这里住了十年了。
7．在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时则表示动作到现在已经结束。
The students have been preparing for the exam.
学生们一直在为考试做准备。(还在进行)
The students have prepared for the exam.
学生们已经为考试做了准备。(已经结束)
III.高考链接
A.用所给词动词的适当时态填空
1．She ____________(recite) the words all the evening.
2．I work in America now，but I ____________(work) in Japan for ten years.
3．Thousands of films ____________(produce) all over the world so far.
4．It is the first time that she ____________(read) such an interesting book.
5．You ____________(sit) at the computer all day.You must be tired.
6．I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years.
7．I ____________(read) half of the English novel，and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
8．The telephone ____________(ring) for almost a minute，why doesn’t someone answer it?
9．Since 2011，the country ____________(grow) more corn than rice.
10．For the past two years，Gordon’s students ____________(study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity.
答案：
1.has been reciting 2.worked 3.have been produced 4.has read 5.have been sitting
6.have made 7.have read 8.has been ringing 9.has grown 10.have been studying
B.完成句子
1．Your clothes are covered with dust.You ________________________ the classroom，I think.
你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。
2．You look thin and tired.You ________________________ too hard.
你看起来又瘦又累，你近来工作一定很辛苦。
3．________________________ you can succeed for five years.
五年来你一直在说你能成功。
4．I ________________________ some cities of China this month.
这个月我一直在访问中国的几个城市。
5．I ________________________ this book for two hours，but I haven’t finished it.
这本书我已读了两小时了，但我还没读完。
答案：
1.have been cleaning 2.have been working 3.have been working
4.have been working 5.have been reading
C.单句写作
1．整个早上这个年轻人一直站在窗边。(stand)
_______________________________________________________
2．你到底为什么一直在那里大声喧哗？(talk)
_______________________________________________________
3．她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间了。(cry)
_______________________________________________________
4．他一直在那里抱怨，这使我们很烦。(complain)
_______________________________________________________
5．那些申请者谈论他们的面试已经很长时间了。(talk about)
_______________________________________________________
6．在你到达之前，他们一直在房间里等着。(wait)
_______________________________________________________
7．房子外面的噪音已经困扰他好几年了。(disturb)
_______________________________________________________
答案：
1.The young man has been standing by the window the whole morning.
2.Why is it that you have been talking so loudly there?
3.Her eyes are red.It is obvious that she has been crying for a long time.
4.He has been complaining there，which makes us very disturbed.
5.The applicants have been talking about their interviews for a long time.
6.They had been waiting in the room before you arrived.
7.The noise outside the house has been disturbing him for several years.