2020--2021学年人教版必修五Unit 3 Life in the future grammar过去分词课件（54张）

Unit
3
life
in
the
future
Grammar
Past
participle
(3)
used
as
Adverbial
&
Attribute
过去分词
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。
过去分词与现在分词作状语
过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行,主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。
attention
过去分词表完成、被动,
作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,
且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间,
原因,
让步,
结果,
方式,
条件等。
观察下列的句子:
Once
published,
his
works
(=Once
his
works
was
published,
)
became
famous
for
the
absence
of
rhyme
at
the
end
of
each
line.
PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
过去分词作时间状语
1.
When
it
is
heated,
ice
will
be
changed
into
water.
When
heated,
ice
will
be
changed
into
water.
2.
When
it
is
seen
under
a
microscope,
a
fresh
snowflake
has
a
delicate
six-pointed.
Seen
under
a
microscope,
a
fresh
snowflake
has
a
delicate
six-pointed
shape.
过去分词作原因状语
1.
Since/
As
she
was
given
advice
by
the
famous
detective,
the
young
lady
was
no
longer
afraid.
Given
advice
by
the
famous
detective,
the
young
lady
was
no
longer
afraid.
2.
Because
it
was
done
in
a
hurry,
his
homework
was
full
of
mistakes.
Done
in
a
hurry,
his
homework
was
full
of
mistakes.
过去分词作条件或者假设状语
If
they
had
been
given
more
attention,
the
cabbages
could
have
grown
better.
Given
more
attention,
the
cabbages
could
have
grown
better.
2.
If
I
am
compared
with
you,
we
still
have
a
long
way
to
pared
with
you,
we
still
have
a
long
way
to
go.
作方式或伴随情况状语
The
hunter
left
his
house,
followed
by
his
dog.
The
hunter
left
his
house,
and
he
was
followed
by
his
dog.
2.
She
sat
by
the
window,
lost
in
thought.
She
sat
by
the
window,
and
she
was
lost
in
thought.
lost
表示一种迷失心理状态
1)
过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。
2)
过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。
Summary
过去分词作状语:
过去分词有两大特点：
1.
表示被动的动作；
2.
表示已经完成的动作,
因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－被动,
例如:
Rewrite
with
proper
conjunctions
1.
United
we
stand,
divided
we
fail.
If
we
are
united,
we
will
stand,
but
if
we
are
divided,
we
will
fail.
Example:
2.
Asked
what
had
happened,
he
told
us
about
it.
→When
he
was
asked
what
had
happened,
he
told
us
about
it.
3.
Well
known
for
his
expert
advice,
he
received
many
invitations
to
give
lectures.
→Because
he
was
well
known
for
his
expert
advice,
he
received
many
invitations
to
give
lectures.
4.
Given
more
time,
we
would
be
able
to
do
the
work
much
better.
If
we
were
given
more
time,
we
would
be
able
to
do
the
work
much
better.
5.
Once
translated
into
Chinese,
the
book
became
very
popular
among
Chinese
teenagers.
Once
it
was
translated
into
Chinese,
the
book
became
very
popular
among
Chinese
teenagers.
6.
Deeply
interested
in
medicine,
she
decided
to
become
a
doctor.
Because
she
was
deeply
interested
in
medicine,
she
decided
to
become
a
doctor.
7.
Left
alone
at
home,
Sam
did
not
feel
afraid
at
all.
Although
he
was
left
alone
at
home，Sam
did
not
feel
afraid
at
all.
用过去分词作状语来改写句子。
As
I
was
worried
about
the
journey,
I
was
unsettled
for
the
first
few
days.
→
_______________________
,
I
was
unsettled
for
the
first
few
days.
Worried
about
the
journey
2.
If
he
is
given
time,
he’ll
make
a
first-class
tennis
player.
→
_________
,
he’ll
make
a
first-class
tennis
player.
3)
As
I
was
confused
by
the
new
surroundings,
I
was
hit
by
the
lack
of
fresh
air.
→
______________________________,
I
was
hit
by
the
lack
of
fresh
air.
Given
time
Confused
by
the
new
surroundings
4)
When
he
was
questioned
by
the
police
about
the
fire,
he
became
tense.
→
__________________________
______,
he
became
tense.
Questioned
by
the
police
about
the
fire
Find
out
the
sentences
with
same
meaning.
1.
As
I
was
worried
about
the
journey,
I
was
unsettled
for
the
first
few
days.
Worried
about
the
journey,
I
was
unsettled
for
the
first
few
days.
2.
While
I
was
confused
by
the
new
surroundings,
I
was
hit
by
the
lack
of
fresh
air.
Confused
by
the
new
surrounding,
I
was
hit
by
the
lack
of
fresh
air.
3.
As
I
was
exhausted,
I
slid
into
bed
and
fell
fast
asleep.
Exhausted,
I
slid
into
bed
and
fell
fast
asleep.
1.
Following
the
old
man,
we
went
upstairs.—we
followed
(跟着那个老人,
我们上去了)
2.
Followed
by
the
old
man,
we
went
upstairs.
(we
were)
(被那个老人跟着,
我们上去了)
Compare
3.
从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。
____
from
the
top,
the
stadium
looks
like
a
bird
nest.
A.
Seeing
B.
Seen
4.
从太空看,
宇航员看不到长城。
____
from
the
space,
the
astronaut
can
not
discover
the
Great
Wall.
A.
Seeing
B.
Seen
Difference
between
the
Present
Participle
and
the
Past
Participle
_____for
a
long
time,
the
book
looks
old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.
______
the
book,
I
find
it
useful.
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.
________
at
her,
he
jumped
with
joy.
_______at
by
her,
he
jumped
with
joy.
Used
Using
Looking
Looked
注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
Complete
each
sentence
using
the
Past
Participle
of
the
right
verb.
1)
_________
by
noises
in
the
night,
the
girl
no
longer
dare
to
sleep
in
her
room.
2)
The
lady
returned
home,
________
by
two
policemen.
frighten
trap
follow
shoot
Frightened
followed
3)
If
_______
in
a
burning
building,
you
should
send
for
help.
4)
Although
____in
the
leg,
he
continued
firing
at
the
police.
trapped
shot
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。
Attention
1.
Last
Sunday
we
went
on
an
organized
trip
to
the
forest.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。
2.
A
letter
posted
today
will
reach
him
the
day
after
tomorrow.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　今天发出的信后天就能收到。
分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:
He
worked
as
a
worker
building
roads.
(主动)
=
He
worked
as
a
worker
who/
that
built
roads.
This
is
a
picture
painted
by
my
father.
(被动)
=
This
is
a
picture
which
was
painted
by
my
father.
I
know
the
young
man
sleeping
on
the
bench.
(在进行)
=
I
know
the
young
man
who
is
sleeping
on
the
bench.
The
letter
mailed
last
night
will
reach
him
tomorrow.
(已完成)
=
The
letter
which
was
mailed
last
night
will
reach
him
tomorrow.
过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
Some
of
them,
born
and
brought
up
in
country
villages,
had
never
seen
a
train.
他们当中有一些人,
生长在农村，从未见过火车。
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:
单个的过去分词作定语,
通常放在被修饰的名词之前,
表示被动和完成意义。
1.前置定语
被动意义：
an
honored
guest
一位受尊敬的客人
(受伤的工人)are
now
being
taken
good
care
of
in
the
hospital.
B.完成意义
a
retired
teacher
一位退休的教师
They
are
cleaning
(落叶)
in
the
yard.
The
injured
workers
the
fallen
leaves
2.后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,
通常放在被修饰的名词之后,
它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This
will
be
the
best
novel
of
its
kind
ever
written.
=
Who
were
the
so-called
guests
invited
(=
)
to
your
part
last
night?
that
has
ever
been
written
who
had
been
invited
如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no
+
thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
例如：
Is
there
anything
unsolved?
There
is
noting
changed
here
since
I
left
this
town.
注意:
1.
The
Olympic
Games,
___
in
776
B.
C.,
didn’t
include
women
until
1912.
　A.
first
playing
B.
to
be
first
played
C.
first
played
D.
to
be
playing
考点点拨
简析:
首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰
The
Olympic
Games的后置分词短语;再根据
The
Olympic
Games
对于动词
play
来说只能是被动承受,且已完成
(in
776
B.
C.)。因此,该题应选C。
2.
What’s
the
language
___
in
Germany?
A.
speaking
B.
spoken
C.
be
spoken
D.
to
speak
简析:
该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句
which
is
spoken。
3.
Most
of
the
artists
____
to
the
party
were
from
South
Africa.
A.
invited
B.
to
invite
C.
being
invited
D.
had
been
invited
简析:
该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,
等于定语从句who
were
invited。
4.
The
computer
centre,
___
last
year,
is
very
popular
among
the
students
in
this
school.
A.
open
B.
opening
C.
having
opened
D.
opened
简析:
该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“which
was
opened
last
year”代替。
5.
The
first
textbooks
____
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
A.
having
written
B.
to
be
written
C.
being
written
D.
written
简析:
该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句which
were
written。
另外,分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或
with
复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)
例:
The
murderer
was
brought
in,
with
his
hands
___
behind
his
back.
A.
being
tied
B.
having
tied
C.
to
be
tied
D.
tied
简析:
很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是
his
hands,而不是句子的主语
The
murderer,而
his
hands
对于动词
tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。
6.
When
_____
if
she
would
request
a
rise,
the
actress
said
that
money
was
not
important.
A.
asked
B.
asking
C.
having
asked
D.
being
asked
7.
Yesterday
I
saw
in
the
newspaper
a
teaching
post
_____
at
a
school
close
to
my
home
and
I
wanted
to
apply
for
it.
A.
advertises
B.
advertising
C.
advertised
D.
to
advertise
1.
I
like
reading
the
novels
______
(write
)
by
Zhang
Ailing.
2.
The
girl
______
(write)
a
letter
in
the
study
is
my
cousin.
3.There
is
something
wrong
with
my
car
and
I
have
to
get
it
_______
(repair).
written
writing
repaired
Filling
in
the
blanks.
4.
I
want
the
doors
of
my
new
house
______
(paint)
white.
5.
There
was
a
________
(surprise)
look
on
his
face.
6.
He
was
______
(excite)
at
the
good
news.
7.
The
story
was
so
______
(move)
that
he
was
______
(move)
to
tears.
painted
surprised
excited
moving
moved
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.
_____
(use)
in
this
way,
the
word
shouldn’t
be
taken
as
a
verb.
2.
_____
(arm)
with
special
guns,
knives
and
brushes,
two
space
walking
astronauts
practiced
fixing
the
spacecraft.
3.
Though
_____
(catch)
in
a
traffic
jam,
we
managed
to
arrive
at
the
airport.
Used
Armed
caught
4.
Susan
is
not
easy
to
get
along
with.
But
once
_____
(gain),
her
friendship
will
last
forever.
5.
Henry
didn’t
attend
the
party
_____
(hold)
at
Tom’s
house
last
night,
for
he
was
busy
preparing
for
his
exam.
gained
held