上海牛津版8年级下册数词精讲及巩固提升（有答案）

数词精讲及巩固提升
数词
基数词和序数词
基数词
序数词
基数词
序数词
备注
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
基数词变序数词口诀
序数词不难记，
基数词后加上th.
遇到ty结尾词，
y先变i再加e.
8少t，9少e.
面目全非三二一，
ve结尾五/十二。
换成f须仔细。
若是碰到几十几，
只将个位改为序。
注意：
基数词主要表示数量。十位和个位之间须用连字符号，百位数和十位数之间要用and。如：31-thirty-one
序数词主要表示顺序，前面常用定冠词。注意第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二等。
第21-29，31-……91-99的序数词形式，只变个位数，而十位数则用基数词，若是多位的基数词变为序数词，只需将末位数字变成序数词，前面的数词不变，当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时，必须在该数字之后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如：第31-thirty-first.
百以上的序数词表示方法；hundred - hundredth, thousand - thousandth.
千以上的数字读法：从后面往前每三位数字作为一个单位，用逗号分开。第一个逗号读作thousand,第二个“，”读作million。另外，“万”用ten thousand, “十万”用a hundred thousand表示，billion 在美国为十亿，英国的十亿是one thousand million。
二：年份&日期&时刻&编号的表示法
类别
说明
例词
读法
年份
表示在某年用介词in+数字，读时每两个数字为一组以区别于整数。
in 1987
in 1056
in 2000
in nineteen eighty-seven
in ten fifty-six
in two thousand
月份
表示在某月用in+月份，月份的首字母要大写，其缩写形式为这个词的前三个字母。
in April (Apr.)
in March (Mar.)
日期
其顺序是：月日（年），月年。有日时用介词on，无日则用in, 在月（日）与年之间用逗号分开。the year 776 BC (公元前776年）
on January 16
in May, 2010
on July 1, 1921
on January the sixteenth
in May, twenty ten
on July the first, nineteen twenty-one
年代世纪
表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用十的倍数的基数词的复数，其前用in，且年代前用the。
in the 1990s
in his fifties
in the nineteen nineties
几点钟
“在几点”用介词at+数字，o’clock可省略，如区分上下午，可在时间后加a.m.或p.m.
at 10:30
at 4 p.m.
at ten o’clock
at four p.m.
几点几分
正读法：先读小时，再读分钟，倒读法：前半小时为‘分钟数+past+点钟数’，30分钟用half，15分钟用a quarter，后半小时为‘60-分钟数+to+未来的点钟数’
at 2:40
at 6:05
at 12:45
at two thirty/ half past two
at six five/ five past six
at twelve forty-five/a quarter to one
编号
一般编码用“名词+基数词”表示，强调“编号”，用“序数词+名词”着重“顺序”。其读法为“见几读几”，连续重复出现的数可用double，零可用0或zero。
邮政编码：510640
Room 502
Class 2, Grade 5
Part 5
Bus No. 16
Room five 0 two
Class two, Grade five
Part Five
Bus number sixteen
特殊数字的表示及读法
举例/分类
规则
例词
读法
小数
小数以基数词加熊啊书店表示，点读point，其前按数词规则读，其后的数一个个地读。
0.3
5.61
zero/ naught point three
five point six one
分数
分数由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成，分子大于1时，分母序数词都要用复数
1/2
1/4
3/4
3/20
2false
a/ one half
a/one quarter, one-fourth
three-fourths/three-quarters
three-twentieths
two and four-fifths
百分数
%读percent, 百分数还可分开写percent.
45%
forty-five percent
大约数
“正好”用exactly, clearly, precisely, 大约用“about, nearly, some, towards, more or less+数字”或less放在后面，还可用something like, in the neighborhood of, a day/ week/month/year or two, “总共”用in all, total.
大约1000人
大约1小时
50以上
不到30
10天左右
40上下
大约100亩地
about/almost 1000 people
about/almost an hour
more than/over/above 50
less than/ under/ below 30
some ten days/ ten days or so
forty more or less/ about forty
in the neighborhood of a hundred acres of land
倍数
一倍once, 两倍twice,三倍three times
A比B大（高，长，宽）6倍
增加了2倍=增至3倍=为......
A is six times bigger / higher/broader/longer/wider than B.
=A is six times as big / high as B.
C is three times less than D.
一些数学公式的表示法
A+B=?
A-B=?
A×B=?
A÷B=?
3+6=9
9-3=6
3×9=27
9÷3=3
A>B
AA≠B
A≈B
How much is A plus B?
How much is A minus B?
How much is A times B?
How much is A divided by B?
3 plus / and 6 is 9.
9 minus 3 is 6.
3 from 9 is 6.
Three times nine is twenty-seven.
Nine divided by three is three.
A is more than B.
A is less than B.
A is not equal to B.
A approximately equals B.
注意一些数词习惯表达：ten to one十有八九
sixes and sevens 乱七八糟
twos and threes 三三两两
a one-eyed cat 独眼猫
a two-day holiday 连天的假期
a three-leged chair 三条腿的椅子
比例表示法：
One in eight joined the club.八分之一的人参加了这个俱乐部。
One in a hundred survived the earthquake.百分之一的人在这次地震中活了下来。
数词的其他用法
1. 数量增加的表示及译法
increase (rise, grow, go up...) 表示数量的增加
increase (rise...) 3 times 增加2倍
increase (rise...) by 15% 增长15%
6 times as much as... 6倍那么多，多5倍
half as long as... 一般那么长
30 percent as heavy as... 百分之三十那么重
one fourth as great as... 四分之一那么大
2. 数量减少的表示及译法
reduce to 15% 降到15%，减少85%
reduce by 20% 减少20%
fall/ drop by 10% 下降10%
fifteen percent discount 八五折
thirty percent discount 七折
3. 年龄的表示法
1）他8岁。 He is eight years old. / He is an eight-year-old boy.
2) 大概年龄表示法：他父亲60多岁去世的。
A. His father died in his sixties.
B. She is still in her fifties. 她才50多岁。
C. He is in his early thirties. 他30岁出头。
D. She is about / around forty. 她40岁左右。
E. He is close to 70.他快70岁了。
F. She is almost 80. 她差不多80了。
十几岁（从13-19岁）的说法：
in his teens 十几岁 in his early teen s 十三四岁
“不满....岁”的表示法：
He is just under twenty. 他还不到20岁
My mother is two years off sixty. 再过两年我妈就60岁了。
He is going on eighty years old. 他年近80岁。
She will be 18 years old next week. 下周她就18岁了。
年岁的其他表示法：
成年be of age, 未成年be under age, 年迈be far in years 已到上学年龄be of school age, 超龄be over age
使用英语数词和阿拉伯数字注意事项
使用数字时，应该遵循以下原则：
A. 10以下的数用英语数词，100以上的数用阿拉伯数字。
B. 10-100之间的数用英语数词或阿拉伯数字均可。
巩固提升：
I. Choose the best answer.
________ of the homework was done by herself in the classroom.
Two-thirds B.Two-third C.Second-three D.Second-threes
Please open your books and turn to _______.
A.32 pages B.page 32 C.32nd page D.pages 32
The twins were born ________.
on January 27, 1998 B.in 27 January, 1998
C.in 1998, January 27 D.on January 27 in 1998
The hamburger for breakfast cost me ________.
two and a half dollar B.two and half dollars
C.two dollars and half D.two dollars and a half
Beijing welcomed _______ athletes from around the world during the 29th Olympic Games.
thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousands of
6. Before you learn to do ______ you must first ______ it carefully.
A. new something; see B. something new; watch
C. anything new; look D. something new; read
7. Her doctor said: “______ work so hard.”
A. Stop B. Don’t C. Can’t D. No
8. Let us do it at once, ______?
A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. do you
9. Oh, it’s _________. Let’s go to school together.
A. the quarter to eight B. a quarter to eight
C. seven forty-five minutes D. forty-five past seven
10. There will be ______ space for plants, animals and birds.
A. little and little B. less and little C. little and less D. less and less
11. The question is ______ for him to answer．
A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily
12. - When are you going to leave? - My train ______ at six．
A. leave B. leaves C. left D. has left
13. We have ______ tea at home, do we?
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
14. Cindy, ______ to be here at 8 o’clock.
A. is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure
15. There are _________days in a year.
A. Three hundred and sixty-five B. three hundred sixty five
C. three hundreds sixty-five D. three hundreds and sixty-five

Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
John was lucky enough to win the _________ prize in the maths contest. (one)
We live on the ________ floor in the highrise. (nineteen)
It’s my ________ time to win the English reading contest this year. (two)
Two-_________ of the machines on display were new items. (five)
Lesson _________ is the most difficult lesson in this English text book. (eleventh)
China has become the _________ country to send her astronauts into space. (three)
Karl Marx began to learn Russian in his _________. (fifty)
Mrs. Brown is going to buy a present for her son’s ________ birthday. (twelve)

Ⅲ. Rewrite the sentence as required. （按要求改写句子）
1. Mr. Johnson spent two hours cooking the meal. (保持句意基本不变)
It ________ Mr. Johnson two hours ________ cook the meal.
2. Let’s have a rest. (改为反意疑问句)
Let’s have a rest, ________ ________?
3. They went to Beijing for a seven-day trip. (改为一般疑问句句)
________ they ________ to Beijing for a seven-day trip?
4. He has some beautiful pictures. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ pictures he has!
5. We have computer lessons every day.(改为否定句)
We ________ ________ computer lessons every day.
6. Mike is so smart that he can work out the problem. (保持句意基本不变)
Mike is ________ ________ to work out the problem.
Keys:
Ⅰ 1-5 ABADD 6-10 DBBBD 11-15 ABADA
Ⅱ 1.first 2.nineteenth 3.second 4.fifth 5.eleven 6.third 7.fifties 8.twelfth
Ⅲ 1.took, to 2.shall we 3.Did, go 4.What beautiful 5.don’t have 6.smart enough