教科版小学科学六年级上册第二单元《形状与结构》单元检测卷（选择题专项练习）（含答案）

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六上《形状与结构》检测题
一、周末到了，小明和爸爸妈妈出门旅行，小明是个善于细心观察周围事物的同学，让我们一起来看看他都发现了什么吧。
1.到了预定的酒店，小明发现房间的横梁是（ ）。
A.横着放 B.立着放 C.斜着放
2.在旅行的路上，小明看到了路边高压线的架线塔，他想起科学课上和同学们一起对高塔做的研究，他们发现：底部（ ）的物体，越不容易倒。
A.越大越轻 B.越大越重 C.越小越轻
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3.小明看到了一座由石头垒成的很古老的石桥，它不容易坍塌主要是因为（ ）。
A.长在上面的草根起到了固定作用
B.石块之间用粘合剂牢牢地黏连在一起
C.采用了拱形的结构
4377055-273054.小明在旅行途中遇到了他的好朋友小萌，他准备用鸡蛋壳、纸片、橡皮泥等材料做一个不倒翁（如右图）送给小萌，他会把橡皮泥加在鸡蛋壳的（ ）。
A.上部
B.中部
C.下部
5.在做不到翁的时候，小萌发现鸡蛋不容易捏破，是因为（ ）。
A.鸡蛋是球形结构 B.里面有蛋黄蛋清 C.鸡蛋壳比较硬
6.他们在旅行途中路过了杭州湾跨海大桥（如右图所示），线路全长36千米，桥梁总长35.7千米，桥面为双向六车道高速公路，这是一座（ ）。
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A.悬索桥
B.斜拉桥
C.梁桥
7.小明发现钢索桥的桥塔往往修建得很高，原因是（ ）。
A.更美观 B.可以使桥的跨度更大 C.为了减轻桥面对钢缆的拉力
二、小明在旅行途中给爷爷奶奶买了礼物，他准备和爸爸妈妈去乡下把礼物送给她们。让我们一起来看看在爷爷家发生了哪些有趣的事情呢？
8.妈妈给爷爷带了一箱苹果，小明发现苹果那么重，但是瓦楞纸箱居然可以承受住它们的重量。于是，小明把瓦楞纸撕开观察发现：瓦楞纸的中间是“w”形的，为什么“w”形的抗弯曲能力那么强，是因为它（ ）的缘故。
A.减小宽度，增加厚度 B.增加宽度，减小厚度 C.增加宽度，增加厚度
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9.小明看到村里的小朋友在玩用橡皮筋和筷子建高塔的游戏，他发现小朋友在搭建高塔时，总是不稳。于是，小明就建议他们在四边形框架中增加一根斜杆（如右图），使得框架更加牢固，如果从左上方用力，斜杆起到（ ）的作用。
A.推 B.拉 C.推和拉
10.在工地上班的叔叔下班了回到爷爷家，小明看到了叔叔头上的安全帽，他想安全帽为什么要做成圆顶形呢？（ ）
A.美观 B.可以承受很大的压力 C.减轻帽子的自身重量
11.叔叔发现小明是个很善于研究的小朋友，于是他决定考一考小明：在修建铁路时，为什么要使用“工”字形来做钢轨呢？（ ）
A.“工”字形钢轨施工方便
B.“工”字形钢轨节省材料
C.“工”字形钢轨抵抗弯曲能力较强且节省材料
12.爷爷的村子附近有一条很宽很宽的河流，最近村里在向村民征求造桥的意见。小明想：如果要造一座既能承载较大压力，又能有较大跨度的桥，应该选择（ ）。
A.造一座拱桥 B.造一座钢索桥 C.造一座有许多桥墩的桥
13.吃完饭，小明和村里的小朋友一起玩“猜猜谁最不容易倒”的游戏。他们用同样的三个矿泉水瓶，分别是：空瓶、装半瓶水、装整瓶水。你能帮助小明判断一下哪个最不容易倒吗？ （ ）
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A. B. C.
14.小明和小朋友做了“没有外推力的拱”的游戏，如图（一）所示，两人把竹竿挤弯要用很大的力挤住竹竿的外推力。如图（二）所示，用一根绳子把竹子的两端绑住，两人不用力，竹拱也弯着，这就是没有外推力的拱。没有外推力的拱形成的原因是（ ）。
349059512065A.在水平方向有物体拉住了拱足
B.人用腿顶住了拱足
C.可能拱已经折断
三、愉快的周末结束了，小明又回到了校园，在科学课上他和同学讨论一些实验的细节，让我们一起来看看。
15.在做“纸的厚度与抗弯曲能力的大小”的实验时，我们要改变的条件是（ ）。
A.纸的厚度 B.纸的宽度 C.纸的厚度和宽度
16.我们通过实验发现：其他条件相同的情况下，厚度和宽度对横梁的抗弯曲能力的影响程度是（ ）。
A.厚度大于宽度 B.厚度等于宽度 C.厚度小于宽度
17.测量横梁的抗弯曲能力时，当垫圈放到第13个时，横梁接触到桌面，此时横梁的抗弯曲能力是能承受（ ）个垫圈。
A.11 B.12 C.13
18.为了完成测量纸梁厚度与抗弯曲能力实验，小明发现他的同学制作2倍厚，4倍厚纸梁的过程中，用固体胶将2层、4层纸粘起来。他这样的做法是（ ）。
A.就地取材，既方便又科学
B.不科学，因为增加了胶水，改变了纸质材料
C.无法判断
19.在做“横梁的抗弯曲能力是否与宽度有关”的实验时，小明选择了宽度分别为“2cm、2.5cm、3cm”的纸，其他条件都相同，但是实验结束后他发现，宽度为2cm、2.5cm、3cm的纸都是只能承受1个垫圈。可能原因是（ ）。
A.纸的厚度不相同，导致都只能承受1个垫圈
B.书本的间距不相同，导致数据没有明显区分
C.纸的宽度的数值太接近了，导致数据没有明显区分
20.小明用纸搭了一个横梁，1倍厚度时，能承受的垫圈数是2个。其他条件不变时，3倍厚度的纸梁能承受的垫圈个数可能是（ ）。
A.3个 B.4个 C.11个
21.小明要设计建造高塔，并检验其承重能力，下列操作顺序正确的是（ ）。
①测量高塔的高度和承受力。
②画出设计图。
③选择制作材料和连接物，确定合适、牢固的连接方法。
A.②③① B.②①③ C.①②③
四、科学与我们的生活息息相关，小明发现了很多生活中的科学，让我们一起来看一看。
22.小明发现生活中很多地方用到了圆顶形，如：头盔等，圆顶形和拱形相比，优点是（ ）。
A.承载压力大
B.不产生向外推的力
C.承载压力大且不产生向外推的力
23.人的脚能承受较大的重量，主要是因为（ ）。
A.脚骨的数量多 B.脚步的肌肉比较发达 C.脚骨组成了拱形结构
368300025400024.浙江省江山市的北关大桥（如右图所示），是一座悬索桥，它由哪些结构组成（ ）。
A.桥塔、柱子、桥面
B.桥塔、桥面、钢缆
C.桥塔、桥墩、桥面
4326890469900025.小明发现在建筑工地中，工人在钢架上平放一种横截面为“ ”的钢材。当这种钢材以下列（ ）方法放置时，钢材的抗弯曲能力最强。
304419018542000173609016637000
3136903810000A. B. C.
26.小明看到稻田里沉甸甸的稻谷挂在稻杆上，为什么这么细小的稻杆可以承受这么重的稻谷呢？（ ）
A.因为水稻的根扎得比较深
B.因为稻杆是中空的管状结构，抗弯曲能力强
C.因为稻谷其实并没有那么重
27.小明发现生活中的很多物体都应用了框架结构，如：塔吊等，请问下列哪种物体没有用到框架结构（ ）。
A.高压线的架线塔
B.头盔
C.空调外机的支架
28.小明和同学小萌发现生活中有很多拱形结构，于是他们做了一个纸拱用来研究拱形。他们用书本把拱足抵住，小明说：抵住拱足的书本数量越多，拱形能承受的压力就越大，所以我要加好多好多书，我的纸拱就能无限地承受压力了。小萌说：小明说的不对，纸拱承受压力是有限度的，到达一定的限度后，就算抵住拱足的书本数量再多，它的承重能力也不会再增加了。你认为谁的观点是正确的（ ）。
A.小明的观点正确
B.小萌的观点正确
C.两个人的观点都不正确
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AA==
六上《形状与结构》检测题答案
一、周末到了，小明和爸爸妈妈出门旅行，小明是个善于细心观察周围事物的同学，让我们一起来看看他都发现了什么吧。
1.（ B ） 2.（ B ） 3.（ C ） 4.（ C ） 5.（ A ）
6.（ B ） 7.（ C ）
二、小明在旅行途中给爷爷奶奶买了礼物，他准备和爸爸妈妈去乡下把礼物送给她们。让我们一起来看看在爷爷家发生了哪些有趣的事情呢？
8.（ A ） 9.（ A ） 10.（ B ） 11.（ C ） 12.（ B ）
13.（ B ） 14.（ A ）
三、愉快的周末结束了，小明又回到了校园，在科学课上他和同学讨论一些实验的细节，让我们一起来看看。
15.（ A ） 16.（ A ） 17.（ B ） 18.（ B ） 19.（ C ）
20.（ C ） 21.（ A ）
四、科学与我们的生活息息相关，小明发现了很多生活中的科学，让我们一起来看一看。
22.（ C ） 23.（ C ） 24.（ B ） 25.（ B ） 26.（ B ）
27.（ B ） 28.（ B ）